Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749744
R. Bascopé, I. Barbi
This paper presents a new isolated DC-DC power converter, named the double ZVS-PWM active-clamping forward converter, which operates without switching losses from no-load up to full-load. The proposed converter is based on two active-clamping forward converters, coupled with a single high frequency transformer. This converter is suitable for high input voltage and high power applications. Its operating principle, theoretical analysis, design example and experimental results, taken from a 3 kW laboratory prototype, are also presented.
{"title":"A double ZVS-PWM active-clamping forward converter","authors":"R. Bascopé, I. Barbi","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749744","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new isolated DC-DC power converter, named the double ZVS-PWM active-clamping forward converter, which operates without switching losses from no-load up to full-load. The proposed converter is based on two active-clamping forward converters, coupled with a single high frequency transformer. This converter is suitable for high input voltage and high power applications. Its operating principle, theoretical analysis, design example and experimental results, taken from a 3 kW laboratory prototype, are also presented.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"82 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132535920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.750453
C. Chang, G. Bruning
In this paper, the authors analyze the self-oscillating LC parallel resonant inverter for electronic ballast applications from a system point of view. It is observed that the self-oscillating parallel resonant inverter with lamp loads can be naturally modeled as a relay system with negative hysteresis. Based on this formulation, the self-oscillating frequencies of the circuit are found via the time-domain based Hamel locus. Also, the predicted self-oscillating frequencies via the describing function approach and the Hamel locus approach are compared with the prototype measurement results. It turned out that the accuracy of the frequency prediction via Hamel locus is high, while the accuracy via the describing function is circuit Q dependent.
{"title":"Self-oscillating electronic ballast analysis via relay systems approach","authors":"C. Chang, G. Bruning","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.750453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.750453","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors analyze the self-oscillating LC parallel resonant inverter for electronic ballast applications from a system point of view. It is observed that the self-oscillating parallel resonant inverter with lamp loads can be naturally modeled as a relay system with negative hysteresis. Based on this formulation, the self-oscillating frequencies of the circuit are found via the time-domain based Hamel locus. Also, the predicted self-oscillating frequencies via the describing function approach and the Hamel locus approach are compared with the prototype measurement results. It turned out that the accuracy of the frequency prediction via Hamel locus is high, while the accuracy via the describing function is circuit Q dependent.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133972129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749493
Jindong Zhang, F. Lee, M. Jovanovic
In this paper, an improved continuous-current-mode, single-stage, power-factor-correction technique is proposed. The proposed technique employs an auxiliary low-frequency switch to achieve a good input power factor, low energy-storage-capacitor voltage stress and high conversion efficiency. The improved performance was verified experimentally.
{"title":"An improved CCM single-stage PFC converter with a low-frequency auxiliary switch","authors":"Jindong Zhang, F. Lee, M. Jovanovic","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749493","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an improved continuous-current-mode, single-stage, power-factor-correction technique is proposed. The proposed technique employs an auxiliary low-frequency switch to achieve a good input power factor, low energy-storage-capacitor voltage stress and high conversion efficiency. The improved performance was verified experimentally.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130821278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.750488
J. Sun, R. Bass
This paper addresses modeling and practical design issues for PWM converters with average current control. A straight-forward averaged modeling method is proposed, and the resulting models are shown to be accurate enough for practical design purpose. Limitations of previously published models that incorporate sampling effect are discussed. The proposed averaged model is then applied for stability analysis and control design. In particular, conditions under which switching instability may occur are identified, and design method that avoids the instability problem is presented. The proposed modeling and design methods are demonstrated and further validated by a prototype synchronous-switch buck converter with 5 V input and 2 V output.
{"title":"Modeling and practical design issues for average current control","authors":"J. Sun, R. Bass","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.750488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.750488","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses modeling and practical design issues for PWM converters with average current control. A straight-forward averaged modeling method is proposed, and the resulting models are shown to be accurate enough for practical design purpose. Limitations of previously published models that incorporate sampling effect are discussed. The proposed averaged model is then applied for stability analysis and control design. In particular, conditions under which switching instability may occur are identified, and design method that avoids the instability problem is presented. The proposed modeling and design methods are demonstrated and further validated by a prototype synchronous-switch buck converter with 5 V input and 2 V output.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133487049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749491
M. Mankikar
Evaluating quality is a complex issue because there is no uniform, consistent and universally accepted quantifiable measure to evaluate quality in the power supply industry. At the same time in all user surveys, quality is considered as the most important determining factor for the selection of power supply and its manufacturer. Many users mention "quality is given", which means they will not do business with a company that produces low-quality product, no matter how inexpensive the product may be. So quality is a great marketing tool, but if it cannot be measured quantitatively, then how can it be conveyed to the customer? The traditional measures of quality such as opinion surveys (as used in automobiles) are not applicable to power supplies because many power supplies are custom made for specific applications. Moreover, quality is not only associated with a product, but also with the company, its management, business practices, ethics and many other nonproduct related issues. Quality symbolizes a company and its a relationship with the customer. Since there is no real and direct quantitative measure of quality, it is "measured" indirectly through its association with many other related parameters such as reliability (MTBF), ISO 9000, TQM, JIT, statistical process control (SPC), plug and play etc. This paper explores marketing of this complex issue called quality. Is it just a user's perception or is there a tangible way a user can evaluate quality?.
在供电行业中，由于没有统一、一致和普遍接受的可量化的质量评价指标，质量评价是一个复杂的问题。同时，在所有用户调查中，质量被认为是选择电源及其制造商的最重要的决定因素。许多用户提到“质量是给予的”，这意味着他们不会与生产低质量产品的公司做生意，无论产品多么便宜。所以质量是一个很好的营销工具，但如果它不能被量化衡量，那么如何将其传达给客户呢?传统的质量测量方法，如意见调查(如用于汽车)不适用于电源，因为许多电源是为特定应用定制的。此外，质量不仅与产品有关，还与公司、管理、商业实践、道德和许多其他与产品无关的问题有关。质量象征着一个公司和它与顾客的关系。由于没有真实和直接的质量定量度量，它是通过与许多其他相关参数(如可靠性(MTBF)， ISO 9000, TQM, JIT，统计过程控制(SPC)，即插即用等)的关联来间接“测量”的。本文探讨了营销这个复杂的问题，即质量。这仅仅是用户的感知，还是存在一种用户可以评估质量的切实方式?
{"title":"Marketing of quality","authors":"M. Mankikar","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749491","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating quality is a complex issue because there is no uniform, consistent and universally accepted quantifiable measure to evaluate quality in the power supply industry. At the same time in all user surveys, quality is considered as the most important determining factor for the selection of power supply and its manufacturer. Many users mention \"quality is given\", which means they will not do business with a company that produces low-quality product, no matter how inexpensive the product may be. So quality is a great marketing tool, but if it cannot be measured quantitatively, then how can it be conveyed to the customer? The traditional measures of quality such as opinion surveys (as used in automobiles) are not applicable to power supplies because many power supplies are custom made for specific applications. Moreover, quality is not only associated with a product, but also with the company, its management, business practices, ethics and many other nonproduct related issues. Quality symbolizes a company and its a relationship with the customer. Since there is no real and direct quantitative measure of quality, it is \"measured\" indirectly through its association with many other related parameters such as reliability (MTBF), ISO 9000, TQM, JIT, statistical process control (SPC), plug and play etc. This paper explores marketing of this complex issue called quality. Is it just a user's perception or is there a tangible way a user can evaluate quality?.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749761
B.N. Singh, Bhim Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad
A new type of hybrid active filter to compensate harmonics of a nonlinear load is presented in this paper. The proposed topology of hybrid filter combines a shunt passive filter (PF) and a shunt active filter (AF). A series inductor between both the filters is introduced to create a harmonic voltage source at the input of nonlinear load. A diode bridge rectifier with R-C load is considered as a nonlinear load. An indirect current controlled voltage source inverter (ICC-VSI) is considered as an AF. A simple control algorithm based on proportional plus integral control of a self-supporting DC bus voltage of the shunt AF is implemented on a TMS320C31 DSP. The passive filter is tuned to compensate 5/sup th/ and 7/sup th/ harmonics, while the AF compensates the rest of harmonics of the load current. A laboratory prototype model of the proposed hybrid filter is developed and its performance is examined. Experimental results are given and discussed.
{"title":"Digital implementation of a new type of hybrid filter with simplified control strategy","authors":"B.N. Singh, Bhim Singh, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749761","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of hybrid active filter to compensate harmonics of a nonlinear load is presented in this paper. The proposed topology of hybrid filter combines a shunt passive filter (PF) and a shunt active filter (AF). A series inductor between both the filters is introduced to create a harmonic voltage source at the input of nonlinear load. A diode bridge rectifier with R-C load is considered as a nonlinear load. An indirect current controlled voltage source inverter (ICC-VSI) is considered as an AF. A simple control algorithm based on proportional plus integral control of a self-supporting DC bus voltage of the shunt AF is implemented on a TMS320C31 DSP. The passive filter is tuned to compensate 5/sup th/ and 7/sup th/ harmonics, while the AF compensates the rest of harmonics of the load current. A laboratory prototype model of the proposed hybrid filter is developed and its performance is examined. Experimental results are given and discussed.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123931326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749668
S. O’Driscoll, B. McDermott
The key contender packaging systems for high specification surface mountable (SMT) DC-DC power converters are reviewed. Various substrate, leadout and encasing options are examined for reliability and true surface mountability. Both open-frame and moulded designs are studied. Thermal performance comparison data are presented. Mechanical performance criteria, evaluating the power converter as an SMT component are outlined. Manufacturing and end-user process issues are discussed. Electrical design caveats are outlined.
{"title":"Design considerations for surface mountable DC-DC converters","authors":"S. O’Driscoll, B. McDermott","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749668","url":null,"abstract":"The key contender packaging systems for high specification surface mountable (SMT) DC-DC power converters are reviewed. Various substrate, leadout and encasing options are examined for reliability and true surface mountability. Both open-frame and moulded designs are studied. Thermal performance comparison data are presented. Mechanical performance criteria, evaluating the power converter as an SMT component are outlined. Manufacturing and end-user process issues are discussed. Electrical design caveats are outlined.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126014756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749755
H. Funato, K. Kamiyama
An inductance affects the response of power circuits. For example, the current response of DC motor depends on the armature inductance. The authors have been proposed an inductance controller using variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) in a power circuit. VAPAR needs an output filter to reduce the ripples if it is connected to the power system. The output filter may cause resonance in current and/or voltage. A resonance suppression method has been proposed by H. Funato et al. (1997). If a state feedback method is employed for this controller, the carrier frequency of the inverter must be much higher than cutoff frequency. In this paper, the fully digital control method of VAPAR is proposed using a deadbeat control method. Using the proposed method, excellent response without transient resonance is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
{"title":"Fully digital controlled variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR)","authors":"H. Funato, K. Kamiyama","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749755","url":null,"abstract":"An inductance affects the response of power circuits. For example, the current response of DC motor depends on the armature inductance. The authors have been proposed an inductance controller using variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) in a power circuit. VAPAR needs an output filter to reduce the ripples if it is connected to the power system. The output filter may cause resonance in current and/or voltage. A resonance suppression method has been proposed by H. Funato et al. (1997). If a state feedback method is employed for this controller, the carrier frequency of the inverter must be much higher than cutoff frequency. In this paper, the fully digital control method of VAPAR is proposed using a deadbeat control method. Using the proposed method, excellent response without transient resonance is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128678309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.750515
D. Shonts
A novel approach to boost inductor design using a quasi-planar winding configuration consisting of a helical wound flat copper coil to develop high ampere-turn capability for use in high current power factor correction boost circuits is presented. By comparing this approach with four other commonly used boost choke configurations, the advantage of this approach is demonstrated.
{"title":"Improved PFC boost choke using a quasi-planar winding configuration","authors":"D. Shonts","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.750515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.750515","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to boost inductor design using a quasi-planar winding configuration consisting of a helical wound flat copper coil to develop high ampere-turn capability for use in high current power factor correction boost circuits is presented. By comparing this approach with four other commonly used boost choke configurations, the advantage of this approach is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128929848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-14DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1999.749651
Xunwei Zhou, M. Donati, L. Amoroso, F. Lee
A DC/DC converter with high efficiency over very wide load range is necessary for many low voltage applications, such as battery supplied systems and microprocessor power supplies-voltage regulator module (VRM). In order to improve the efficiency of low-voltage power converters, synchronous rectifier technology is widely used. The disadvantage of this technology is low efficiency at light load. This paper proposes a new technology that can improve light load efficiency with very simple implementation. Since current sensors are not required, high density and high efficiency can be achieved that makes the whole circuit suitable for integration. In the paper, two application examples are given. Experimental results verified that this technology significantly improves synchronous rectifier buck converters light load efficiency.
{"title":"Improve light load efficiency for synchronous rectifier buck converter","authors":"Xunwei Zhou, M. Donati, L. Amoroso, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1999.749651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1999.749651","url":null,"abstract":"A DC/DC converter with high efficiency over very wide load range is necessary for many low voltage applications, such as battery supplied systems and microprocessor power supplies-voltage regulator module (VRM). In order to improve the efficiency of low-voltage power converters, synchronous rectifier technology is widely used. The disadvantage of this technology is low efficiency at light load. This paper proposes a new technology that can improve light load efficiency with very simple implementation. Since current sensors are not required, high density and high efficiency can be achieved that makes the whole circuit suitable for integration. In the paper, two application examples are given. Experimental results verified that this technology significantly improves synchronous rectifier buck converters light load efficiency.","PeriodicalId":287192,"journal":{"name":"APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285)","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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