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Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science最新文献

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Multilateral training improves body image perception in female adolescents 多边训练提高女性青少年的身体形象感知
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.55
F. Latino, Gianpiero Greco, F. Fischetti, S. Cataldi
Body image is closely linked to psychological well-being during adolescence. Physical activity is effective for improving body image disturbance and to date limited body image intervention were undertaken through physical education. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week multilateral training on body-image satisfaction and body-size perception. 50 female students, aged 14-15 years, were assigned to experimental group (n = 25) that performed an extracurricular multilateral training program (90 min., 2 days a week) including cardiovascular endurance, agility, dynamic strength, flexibility, and team-building activities, or control group (n = 25). At baseline and after 8-week, anthropometrics and the degree of personal satisfaction towards their body were measured by body weight, Body uneasiness test (BUT) and Contour drawing rating scale (CDRS), respectively. After multilateral training, experimental group showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in body weight, BUT and CDRS scores. Control group showed no significant changes. Findings suggest that an extracurricular multilateral training program could increase the body image satisfaction and improve the body-size perception in girls. Thus, extracurricular activities such as multilateral training should be considered by physical educators.
身体形象与青春期的心理健康密切相关。体育活动对改善身体形象障碍是有效的,迄今为止,通过体育教育进行的身体形象干预有限。因此,本随机对照研究的目的是探讨为期8周的多边训练对身体形象满意度和身体尺寸感知的影响。50名年龄在14-15岁的女学生被分配到实验组(n = 25)和对照组(n = 25)。实验组(n = 25)进行课外多边训练项目(90分钟,每周2天),包括心血管耐力、敏捷性、动态力量、柔韧性和团队建设活动。在基线和8周后,分别采用体重、身体不安测试(BUT)和轮廓画评定量表(CDRS)测量人体测量学和对身体的个人满意度。经多边训练后,实验组患者体重、BUT、CDRS评分均有显著改善(p < 0.05)。对照组无明显变化。研究结果表明,课外多边培训项目可以提高女孩的身体形象满意度,改善体型感知。因此,体育工作者应该考虑开展多边训练等课外活动。
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引用次数: 13
Physical education in secondary higher school 中学体育教学
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.31
Ilaria Viscione, P. Invernizzi, G. Raiola
Teaching of motor activities in secondary higher school imposes a prescriptive teaching through unidirectional methodological-didactic decisions: teacher directs and the student performs. Improving performance through skills improvement and the structuring of new skills through exercise requires the adoption of a less prescriptive methodology and allowing the student to express himself with greater freedom and awareness to facilitate heuristic learning according to the motor principle by Bernstein of executive variability. Physical education doesn’t have the scientific basis in knowledge as for other theoretical knowledge because the scientific paradigm of corporeality and movement is based on doing and acting. In agreement with the scientific pedagogical community, we ask ourselves about the most appropriate methodology to educate the body with the movement in a habilitative sense, the person through the body for a training of the person (life skills) and strive for the person's well-being through movement (soft skills). This vision seems to be tempered in the documents of physical education up to the first-grade secondary school and seems to change in secondary higher school, when a higher level of education is required. Alongside this prescription, reasonably useful for raising the levels of motor ability of individual services the problem of individual performance in groups arises to achieve the common goal (sports game), where along with significant skill levels, the best and fastest possible decision is also needed. For this necessity, the methodology of the "Teaching games for understanding" comes to the rescue, which contemplates the tactical part together with the enabling one.
中学体育活动的教学通过单向的方法-教学决策强加了一种规定性教学:教师指导,学生执行。通过技能提高来提高成绩,通过练习来构建新技能,需要采用一种较少规定性的方法,允许学生更自由地表达自己,并根据伯恩斯坦关于执行可变性的运动原理促进启发式学习。体育不像其他理论知识那样具有科学的知识基础,因为形体和运动的科学范式是以做和行动为基础的。与科学教育界一致,我们问自己最合适的方法是用运动来教育身体,在康复的意义上,人通过身体来训练人(生活技能),并通过运动为人的幸福而努力(软技能)。这一愿景似乎在中学一年级以前的体育教育文件中得到了缓和,而在需要更高水平教育的中学中似乎发生了变化。除了这个处方,对提高个人服务的运动能力水平相当有用,个人在群体中的表现问题也出现了,以实现共同目标(体育游戏),其中除了重要的技能水平外,还需要最好和最快的决策。出于这种需要,“理解教学游戏”的方法论应运而生,它既考虑了战术部分,也考虑了使能部分。
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引用次数: 8
Physical education status in European school’s curriculum, extension of educational offer and planning 体育在欧洲学校课程中的地位、教育提供的延伸与规划
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.43
C. D'Anna, Pasqualina Forte, F. G. Paloma
The new Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 of the WHO promotes sporting and physical activity as a leading factor for mental health, quality of life and wellness. The document highlights the beneficial effects of regular physical activity and the need to achieve a paradigm shift in supporting and evaluating people regularly, according to the ability and across the life course. A recent systematic review confirms that school health programs promoting active lifestyles among children and adolescents may contribute to the improvement of health-related quality of life. The educational environment plays a key role: physical education is part of all central curriculum frameworks in the EU, and is compulsory in primary and secondary education. The time allocated to physical education in some member states of the EU is insufficient to cover the recommendations of the WHO, so as to assume a marginal role in School Curriculum. This study aims to outline the current state of physical education in European school systems by drawing a comparative framework on topics related to the issue: national and European strategies, large-scale projects, teacher education, status of physical education in national curricula and in extracurricular activity, pupils evaluation and ongoing reform projects. We performed a meta-analysis study analysing national documents of the various member states, international reports of European organization and some international reviews. The results of the study underline strengths and weaknesses of the various national situations to identify the main critical problems and to highlight the potential of sustainable initiatives already validated.
世卫组织新的《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划》促进将体育和身体活动作为促进精神卫生、生活质量和健康的主要因素。该文件强调了定期身体活动的有益作用,以及有必要在根据能力和在整个生命过程中定期支持和评估人们方面实现范式转变。最近的一项系统回顾证实,在儿童和青少年中提倡积极生活方式的学校健康计划可能有助于改善与健康相关的生活质量。教育环境起着关键作用:体育是欧盟所有核心课程框架的一部分,是中小学教育的必修课。欧盟一些成员国分配给体育的时间不足以涵盖世界卫生组织的建议,在学校课程中扮演边缘角色。本研究旨在通过绘制与该问题相关的主题的比较框架,概述欧洲学校系统中体育教育的现状:国家和欧洲战略、大型项目、教师教育、体育在国家课程和课外活动中的地位、学生评价和正在进行的改革项目。我们进行了一项荟萃分析研究,分析了各成员国的国家文件、欧洲组织的国际报告和一些国际评论。这项研究的结果强调了各国情况的优点和缺点,以确定主要的关键问题,并强调已经得到证实的可持续倡议的潜力。
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引用次数: 6
Sports selection in martial arts based on the harmonic stability of results at competitions 基于比赛结果和谐稳定性的武术运动选择
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.49
R. Nagovitsyn, F. Zekrin, T. Fendel, D. A. Zubkov
The aim of the study: to develop a new approach to sports selection in martial arts based on the analysis of the harmonic stability of the results of fighters in competitions during a sports career. Study participants: Greco-Roman wrestlers of different qualifications (n = 114). Research methods: based on the method of studying sports biographies of athletes, mathematical-statistical data processing was carried out using Student's t-criterion. The arithmetic average and harmonic average performance of each Greco-Roman style athlete of different qualifications. The smaller the deviation of the mean harmonic value from the arithmetic average performance of a fighter, the more stable his competitive result. The results of the study. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the higher the qualification of an athlete, the more reliable the non-significance of the difference in results between the arithmetic and average harmonic indices during a sports career is revealed. Findings. The proposed in the study a new approach to sports selection based on the analysis of the harmonic stability of the results of wrestlers at competitions allows to reliably identify the prospects of a wrestler.
本研究的目的是:在分析运动员运动生涯中比赛结果的谐波稳定性的基础上,探索一种新的武术运动项目选择方法。研究对象:不同资格的古典式摔跤运动员(n = 114)。研究方法:在研究运动员运动传记的基础上,采用Student’st标准对数据进行数理统计处理。每个不同资格的古典式运动员的算术平均和调和平均成绩。平均谐波值与拳击手算术平均性能的偏差越小,他的比赛结果越稳定。研究的结果。分析结果表明,运动员的素质越高,运动生涯中算术调和指标与平均调和指标结果差异的不显著性越可靠。发现。本研究提出了一种基于对摔跤运动员比赛结果谐波稳定性分析的运动选择新方法,可以可靠地识别摔跤运动员的前景。
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引用次数: 9
Study on the enabling capacity in the individual roles of basic competitive volleyball 基础竞技排球个人角色的使能能力研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.67
Matteo Aquino, Francesca Marra, G. Altavilla
Testing is used to measure the performance and, therefore, to check for the improvements resulting from training activity. More and more frequently, coaches require checks even during the current sporting season to measure the state of the athletes' performance and possibly change their training plans in order to make them more effective. Increasingly testing also has a monitoring function and, therefore, it is expected in the ordinary training activities without changing the annual planning. To do this, it is necessary to provide a type of functional tests for training. The purpose of this study is to monitor the state of efficacy of individual volleyball fundamental of a basic competitive level.
测试用于测量性能,从而检查培训活动所带来的改进。教练越来越频繁地要求检查,甚至在当前的运动季节,以衡量运动员的表现状态,并可能改变他们的训练计划,以使他们更有效。越来越多的测试还具有监测功能,因此,在不改变年度计划的情况下,期望在普通培训活动中进行测试。要做到这一点,有必要为培训提供一种功能测试。本研究的目的是为了监测个人排球基本竞技水平的效能状态。
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引用次数: 2
Self-physical and emotional perception in rhythmic gymnastics for drop out 艺术体操退学生的自我生理和情感感知
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.70
F. D’Elia, R. Izzo, Barbara Senatore
In rhythmic gymnastics, very young athletes undertake a competitive activity and support workloads of four or five hours, almost unthinkable for such small girls, yet to achieve maximum results it is necessary to start at a young age and work hard. The purpose of the study is to study, in different groups of athletes (3-7 years, 8-12 years, 13-18 years) of rhythmic gymnastics, how they face emotionally and physically the physical and emotional workloads and especially if you find physical and mental well-being. The method of the study is qualitative/quantitative and the administration of 10 questions: 5 to identify the physical self-perception and 5 for the emotional one, is done anonymously. The data shows that the self-perception for physical performance is average (positive or negative and put the percentage) and the self-perception for motivation performance is average (positive or negative) and put the percentage. This data is significant for the perceptive state of the athletes to whom it is necessary to refer in order to realistically face the problem. Given the data and their significance, the study must be deepened with a more significant and detailed sample of data.
在艺术体操中,非常年轻的运动员要承担四五个小时的竞技活动和支持工作量,这对这样小的女孩来说几乎是不可想象的,但要取得最大的成绩,就必须从小开始并努力工作。本研究的目的是研究不同年龄组的艺术体操运动员(3-7岁,8-12岁,13-18岁),他们如何面对情感和身体上的身体和情感负荷,特别是如果你发现身体和心理健康。研究的方法是定性/定量和管理10个问题:5个识别身体自我感知和5个情感自我感知,是匿名完成的。数据显示,对身体表现的自我感知为平均水平(积极或消极并放百分比),对动机表现的自我感知为平均水平(积极或消极)并放百分比。这些数据对运动员的感知状态有重要意义,为了现实地面对问题,有必要参考运动员的感知状态。考虑到这些数据及其意义,必须用更有意义和更详细的数据样本来深化研究。
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引用次数: 2
The use of enabling tests to provide a qualitative measurement of the sport skill level of small soccer players 使用使能测试对小型足球运动员的运动技术水平进行定性测量
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.17
Giovanni Esposito, R. Ceruso, M. Valentini, T. D’Isanto
Evaluation tests represent a fundamental step in the educational path of working with small football players. The method used is of an experimental type whose aim is to analyse the capacity of children in the execution of three fundamental technical aspects of football: Short and Long Passage, Header shot and Shot on Target from a stationary position and in movement. We want to emphasize the importance of training the technical gesture starting from the little ones. In fact, too much tacticism combined with a continuous search for physicality in every area of the field has produced in the last decade an innumerable series of technically poorly trained players. The tests were performed on a sample of 12 children of 10 years old that play championship under-10. The data shows the score from each child during the execution of the various tests from which the total result was obtained by adding the points awarded for each attempt. The average of the high scores for the various tests was 13 for short pass; 27.3 for long pass; 3.6 for the header shot t; 9.6, and 7.75 respectively for stationary and moving shot on goal. The results can be used at the beginning of the activity and when a new group is available to identify the gaps to work on and then they can be repeated in other and different periods of the season to verify how effective the work done up to that point was.
评估测试是与小足球运动员合作的教育道路上的一个基本步骤。所使用的方法是一种实验性的方法,其目的是分析儿童在执行足球的三个基本技术方面的能力:短传和长传,头球和从静止位置和运动中射门。我们想强调从小孩子开始训练技术手势的重要性。事实上,在过去的十年里,太多的战术加上在球场的各个领域不断追求身体对抗,导致了无数技术训练不足的球员。这些测试是在12名参加10岁以下锦标赛的10岁儿童中进行的。数据显示了每个孩子在执行各种测试期间的分数,通过将每次尝试获得的分数相加得出总结果。各种测试的平均高分是13分,即不及格;长传27.3分;3.6为头球射门;静止射门和移动射门分别为9.6和7.75。结果可以在活动开始时使用,当一个新的团队可用时,可以确定要解决的差距,然后可以在赛季的其他不同时期重复使用,以验证到那时为止所做的工作的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Normal people's capacity of adjustment on a wheelchair basket: A preliminary study 正常人在轮椅上调节能力的初步研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.24
Stefania Boccia, M. Valentini, A. Federici, G. Altavilla
The purpose of this work is to show the execution and the results of a study aimed at identifying and defining the level of the normal people's capacity of adjustment on a wheelchair. This study is based on an hypothesis of a readaptation of a sport's rules of basketball. The new regulation created supposes the contemporary participation of normal people and disabled people and it establishes the use of wheelchairs regardless the physical condition and performance. All of this has been decided to minimize possible physical differences. Consequently, the study was conducted on some young basketball athletes to achieve the intended goal. The chosen athletes are member of an under 15 regional championship. The test administered to them includes some time and precision exercises based on the main fundamentals of basketball, executed on a wheelchair. The test's administration took place in three days to judge the speed of adaptation and learning of using this new tool. The sample group seemed available and open to this first approach with a mobile device used mainly by disabled people, but the results of the study done weren't positive. So, the 30% of the group has provided excellent results and it has been able to perform the test discreetly, improving each time. On the other hand, the remaining 70% observed many problems, worsening their performance in the last drills.
这项工作的目的是展示一项旨在识别和定义正常人在轮椅上调节能力水平的研究的执行和结果。本研究是基于对篮球运动规则重新调整的假设。制定的新规定假设了正常人和残疾人的当代参与,它规定了轮椅的使用,无论身体状况和表现如何。所有这些都是为了尽量减少可能的物理差异。因此,本研究以部分青少年篮球运动员为研究对象,以达到预期目的。被选中的运动员是15岁以下地区锦标赛的成员。对他们进行的测试包括一些基于篮球基本原理的时间和精度练习,在轮椅上进行。测试的管理在三天内进行,以判断使用这个新工具的适应和学习速度。样本组似乎对主要由残疾人使用的移动设备的第一种方法持开放态度,但所做的研究结果并不乐观。因此,这30%的人提供了很好的结果,他们能够谨慎地进行测试,每次都有所改进。另一方面,其余70%的人发现了许多问题,在最后一次演习中表现恶化。
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引用次数: 1
On footedness and ankle’s Dynamic Joint Stiffness relation 足行性与踝关节动态关节刚度关系的研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.13
T. Atalaia, J. Abrantes
Our earlier reports suggest no dynamic joint stiffness (DJS) inter-limb differences related to footedness. A different approach to our data was used in this study: first define ankle DJS, then look for inter-limb differences and finally correlate them with the subject’s perceived footedness. Methods: 31 subjects (20 females, 11 males) were assessed for ankle DJS during the stance phase of gait, unilateral triple-jump for distance (TSU) and single-leg hopping (Hop). DJS was obtained by linear models at three stance sub-phases (controlled plantar flexion (CPF); controlled dorsiflexion (CDF); power plantar flexion (PPF)). Footedness assessed by the Lateral Preference Inventory (LPI). Results: Paired samples t-test showed statistical inter-limb differences in ankle DJS at PPF on gait (p< 0.01) and Hop (p< 0.05) tasks. No footedness-DJS correlation was found with exception of the TSU PPF (Pearson’s p<0.05). Descriptive analysis shows that in gait, 55% of the subjects maintained the same stiffer ankle between the CPF and the CDF, 45% keep the same stiffer ankle between CDF and PPF, and only 19% keep the same stiffer ankle along all stance. In TSU and Hop, only 48% and 74%, respectively, keep the same stiffer ankle between CDF and PPF. Conclusion: This approach increased our earlier findings of footedness-DJS correlation, but the results are still low. The variability of DJS along the stance sub-phases between tasks needs more attention. Hop task cold be more adequate for footedness assessment due to a more consistent DJS behaviour along the stance.
我们早期的报告表明动态关节刚度(DJS)与足行性无关。本研究采用了一种不同的方法来处理我们的数据:首先定义脚踝的DJS,然后寻找肢体间的差异,最后将它们与受试者感知的脚性联系起来。方法:对31例受试者(女性20例,男性11例)进行步态站立阶段、单侧三跳(TSU)和单腿跳(Hop)的踝关节dj评估。DJS通过三个站姿子阶段的线性模型(可控足底屈曲(CPF);可控背屈;动力跖屈(PPF))。通过横向偏好量表(LPI)评估足性。结果:配对样本t检验显示,PPF时踝关节DJS在步态(p< 0.01)和Hop (p< 0.05)任务上的四肢间差异有统计学意义。除TSU PPF外,足部与djs无相关性(Pearson’s p<0.05)。描述性分析表明,在步态方面,55%的受试者在CPF和CDF之间保持相同的踝关节僵硬,45%的受试者在CDF和PPF之间保持相同的踝关节僵硬,只有19%的受试者在所有站立时保持相同的踝关节僵硬。在TSU和Hop中,分别只有48%和74%的患者在CDF和PPF之间保持相同的踝关节硬度。结论:这种方法增加了我们早期关于足部与dj相关性的发现,但结果仍然很低。dj在任务之间的姿态子阶段的变异性需要更多的关注。跳任务可能更适合脚性评估,因为dj的行为更一致。
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引用次数: 0
Improving ankle dorsiflexion as a preventive tool for athletes 改善踝关节背屈作为运动员的预防工具
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.25
G. Falcone, A. Ceciliani, R. Izzo, F. D’Elia
Basketball, such as soccer and volleyball, has the issue to rehabilitation too deep for re athletisation early. The work carried out aims to demonstrate how improving dorsal flexion of the ankle is an excellent tool for the prevention of all injuries for athletes who play basketball. This study has as a sample a group of 12 athletes aged between 16 and 18 years who in the past have found, albeit mildly, problems with the lower limbs linked to reduced mobility of the ankle joint, as demonstrated by the tests that were performed on each subject of the chosen group. The work protocol chosen for the aforementioned group was submitted to each subject three days a week for the duration of two months. The exercises performed were exercises of myofascial release, passive mobility, proprioception and dynamic stretching. All the athletes have meticulously carried out the work protocol and in the end, from the data that emerged, a general improvement of the subjects involved in the protocol can be seen, above all by the most suffering and most frequently exposed to injury. Specifically, the data showed an increase in dorsiflexion of 3.1% for the left ankle and 6.2% for the right ankle.
篮球,如足球和排球,康复问题太深,不能及早恢复运动。所开展的工作旨在证明如何提高踝关节的背屈度是一个很好的工具,以防止所有伤害的运动员打篮球。本研究选取了12名年龄在16岁至18岁之间的运动员作为样本,这些运动员过去都曾发现过与踝关节活动能力降低相关的下肢问题,尽管症状轻微,正如对所选组的每个受试者进行的测试所证明的那样。为上述小组选择的工作方案在两个月的时间内每周三天提交给每个受试者。运动包括肌筋膜释放、被动活动、本体感觉和动态拉伸。所有的运动员都一丝不苟地执行了工作协议,最后,从出现的数据中可以看出,参与协议的受试者总体上得到了改善,尤其是那些最痛苦、最经常受伤的人。具体来说,数据显示左踝关节背屈增加3.1%,右踝关节背屈增加6.2%。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science
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