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Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science最新文献

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The effect of special force training on the development of biomechanical variables for running raising awareness during the performance on the jumping table 特种兵训练对跳台上提高跑步意识的生物力学变量发展的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.04
Zinah Abdul Salam Abdul Razzaq, Ahmed Sebeaatea Almujamay, Hameed Ahmed Mohammed Almojamay
The strength training greatly affect the speed of motor performance, especially the stage of the performance of the raft and the upgrade, where the player needs to force the moment of elevation to pass the jump platform, and must be based on these exercises based on real indicators based on scientific results to know the nature of this power of the player and its impact on The length of the step of the glove during the moment of elevation to pass the plate of advancement, through sweating on the nature of the power of the initial hula the last three steps and hitting the plate of the advancement can be used (Foot scan) to determine this strength and corrected foot position and areas of pressure taken to develop this Thus enabling the effect of mechanical variables and achieving good performance of these skills. The researcher was keen to measure these forces through the use of a foot scanner and the extraction of kinematic variables for the skill of the Arab jump, especially the rough stage and the advancement through video photography and kinetic analysis and the preparation of special exercises to develop these variables in order to solve This problem was imposed by the researcher. There are no statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote tests in the indices of the foot scan and the kinetics and the strength of the Tsukahara skill of the Round Off Back tuck (Tsukahara) on the jumping platform. The research on the sample of the research on the players of the national junior team for the ages (11-13) years (6) players was extracted and the value of (T) between the results of tribal and remote tests and concluded the researcher. The effectiveness of the exercises in the training curriculum in the improvement of the rounder and upgrade according to the indices (Foot scan) and kinetic in the performance of the round off back tuck (Tsukahara) on the jump platform, and worked to reduce the deviation of the foot from the real path of the approximate run, which helps the economy time and effort and reduce Distance and skill development.
力量训练极大地影响电动机的速度性能,尤其是筏的性能和升级阶段,球员需要力高程传递的时刻跳平台,基于这些练习,必须基于真实指标基于科学结果知道这个球员的力量和它的性质影响的手套的长度在高程传递的时刻进步的板,通过对最初呼啦圈力量的本质的出汗,最后三个步骤和前进的击打板可以使用(足部扫描)来确定这种力量和纠正的足部位置以及发展这种力量所采取的压力区域,从而实现机械变量的影响并实现这些技能的良好表现。研究者热衷于通过使用足部扫描仪和提取阿拉伯跳远技术的运动学变量来测量这些力,特别是通过视频摄影和动力学分析以及准备特殊练习来开发这些变量,以解决这个问题。部落组与远程组在足部扫描指标、跳台圆后跳(Tsukahara)动作动力及力量方面差异均无统计学意义。本研究以国家少年队队员(11-13岁)为研究样本,提取了部落测试和远程测试结果之间的(T)值,得出了研究者的结论。训练课程中练习的有效性在于提高跳台圆弧运动员的脚部扫描指数(Foot scan)和动能指数(Tsukahara)在跳台圆弧后翻(Tsukahara)动作中的表现,并努力减少足部与近似跑动真实路径的偏离,有助于节省时间和精力,减少距离和技能的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Inside Slavia´s supporters: Fans who control the football matches in Czechia 斯拉维亚的支持者:控制着捷克足球比赛的球迷
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.44
Petr Scholz, Tomáš Vespalec
Purpose: The goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between supporters’ verbal and other expression and their violent behaviour at selected football stadiums in Czechia. Methods: Primary data were collected by a questionnaire survey mainly at the Eden stadium in Prague in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. A total of 158 respondents (aged 23.01 ± 10.11 years old) participated in this research, and all of the respondents were attending in a stand of home team supporters. Results: We found that expressions of demolishing the stadium and other disturbances are considered the most serious expression of violent behaviour by 56.96% of the supporters. On the other hand, 15.19% of the supporters had some experience with demolishing the stadium. Furthermore, 87.34% of the supporters stated that boo is the least serious problem, and almost every supporter (94.94%) had an experience with booing the referee. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, we find that younger supporters were more tolerant of negative social phenomena in the surroundings of the stadium.
目的:本文的目的是分析在捷克选定的足球场馆中支持者的言语和其他表达与他们的暴力行为之间的关系。方法:2015/2016赛季和2016/2017赛季主要在布拉格伊甸园体育场进行问卷调查。共有158名受访者(年龄23.01±10.11岁)参加了本次调查,所有受访者均以主队支持者的立场参加。结果:我们发现56.96%的球迷认为破坏体育场和其他骚乱是最严重的暴力行为表达。另一方面,15.19%的球迷有过拆除球场的经历。此外,87.34%的球迷认为嘘声是最不严重的问题,几乎每个球迷(94.94%)都有过嘘声裁判员的经历。结论:根据研究结果,我们发现年轻球迷对球场周围负面社会现象的容忍度更高。
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引用次数: 1
Qualitative investigation of personal factors affecting the students’ physical activity (needs and motivations): Based on self-determination theory 影响学生体育活动的个人因素(需求和动机)的定性调查:基于自我决定理论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2019.14.PROC4.10
A. Sadeghpour, M. Ehsani, Marjan Saffari, F. Z. Alavijeh
A large number of students do not exercise their recommended daily physical activities to achieve the health benefits related to the physical activity. Self-determination theory can provide a framework for investigating the students’ motivational processes in physical activity. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming at identifying the personal factors (needs and motivational factors) affecting the physical activity of students of Medical Sciences University of Iran on the basis of self-determination theory. The method is a qualitative research of content analysis type conducted by a deductive approach. Participants included a wide range of Iranian experts in the field of physical activity as well as the University students and the theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 21 interviews personally with experts and 2 focus groups with students. Samples were selected by snowball sampling method and students by simple random sampling method, then divided into the focus groups. Interviews were collected in semi-structured form by enjoying the theory constructs. While collecting, data were simultaneously analysed manually. Findings reflected the identified themes of SDT levels and with regards to the remarks given by participants on reviewing the needs and motivations affecting the students’ physical activity, 11 main categories were elucidated; i.e. pleasurable social interactions, physical and anatomic capabilities, successful history of physical activity, understanding the self-efficacy, choice limiting and predisposing features, gaining pleasure, improved status of physical and mental status, social cognition, financial reward and perceived personal barriers, and also 35 subcategories were also identified as below, which were incorporated on the main levels of self-determination theory. Hence, the self-determination theory can be applied as an appropriate framework for investigating the motivational levels and facilitating the students’ physical activity to plan and implement the proper general interventions.
大量的学生没有按照建议进行日常体育锻炼,以达到与体育锻炼相关的健康益处。自我决定理论可以为研究学生在体育活动中的动机过程提供一个框架。因此,本研究旨在以自我决定理论为基础,确定影响伊朗医科大学学生体育活动的个人因素(需求和动机因素)。该方法是采用演绎法进行的内容分析型定性研究。参与者包括体育活动领域的广泛伊朗专家以及大学学生,通过与专家进行21次个人访谈和与学生进行2次焦点小组访谈,达到了理论饱和。样本采用滚雪球抽样法,学生采用简单随机抽样法,再分为焦点小组。访谈以半结构化形式收集,享受理论构念。在收集数据的同时,人工分析数据。调查结果反映了SDT水平的确定主题,以及参与者关于评估影响学生体育活动的需求和动机的评论,阐明了11个主要类别;即愉快的社会交往、身体和解剖能力、成功的身体活动史、理解自我效能、选择限制和倾向特征、获得快乐、改善身心状态、社会认知、经济奖励和感知个人障碍,以及以下35个子类别,纳入自决理论的主要层面。因此,自我决定理论可以作为一个适当的框架来研究动机水平,促进学生体育活动计划和实施适当的一般干预措施。
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引用次数: 1
Relationship between motor learning and reaction capacity in motor task 运动任务中运动学习与反应能力的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.65
F. Domenico, Simona Fattore, S. Pignato, T. D’Isanto
The aim of the study is to measure the ability to react to a specific stimulus, which in this study can be acoustic or visual. The acquired data allowed us to evaluate two parameters, called: reaction time and action time. The test considers movement in its entirety, trying to identify the mechanisms that allowed the creation of the gesture, even going back to the sensitive phases of motor learning. The various capacities that contribute to the structure of a given motor gesture are considered as inseparable elements of a single project that, in a continuous and non-linear way, influence each other. The method is an experimental research through the recruitment of data with questionnaires and surveys prepared with the Google Forms platform and the evaluation of motor gestures with a technological tool: Optojump Next. The sample is represented by a group of 25 students of the three-year bachelor’s degree in Exercise Science from the University of Salerno, aged between 20 and 27 years. The results of the initial data confirm the impossibility of breaking down the movement into simpler parts in order to understand how it works because it emerges that the movement must be considered in its entirety. The integrated use of quantitative biomechanical and qualitative educational evaluation can be achieved with self-assessment and enabled self-esteem. The results seem to confirm the close relationship between skills possessed and learned in the appropriate stages. In conclusion, the study can be useful to identify performance’s area to be analysed in order to form the motor-sporting educational professional skills most dedicated to evaluation.
这项研究的目的是测量对特定刺激的反应能力,在这项研究中,刺激可以是声音或视觉。获得的数据使我们能够评估两个参数,称为:反应时间和行动时间。该测试从整体上考虑运动,试图找出允许手势产生的机制,甚至追溯到运动学习的敏感阶段。构成一个给定运动姿态结构的各种能力被认为是单个项目中不可分割的元素,它们以连续和非线性的方式相互影响。该方法是一种实验研究,通过使用Google Forms平台准备的问卷和调查来招募数据,并使用Optojump Next技术工具对运动手势进行评估。样本由25名来自萨莱诺大学的三年制运动科学学士学位学生组成,年龄在20至27岁之间。最初数据的结果证实,不可能把运动分解成更简单的部分来理解它是如何工作的,因为它表明,运动必须从整体上考虑。定量生物力学和定性教育评价的综合应用可以通过自我评估和激活自尊来实现。研究结果似乎证实了在适当阶段掌握技能和学习技能之间的密切关系。综上所述,该研究有助于确定需要分析的性能领域,以便形成最致力于评估的赛车运动教育专业技能。
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引用次数: 4
Survey on exercise and sport sciences in Italy 意大利运动与体育科学调查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.81
G. Raiola
In Italy, motor and sports sciences have been in the academy since 2000 following the reform of the higher institutes of physical education, ISEF. Subsequently, with the implementation of the Bologna process in 2011, the first three-year degree courses and the first professors divided into motor sciences and sports sciences were born. After almost twenty years of development they are within the academy like other scientific knowledge. The study focuses on the numerical consistency of degree courses and professors and the evolutionary trends between them to observe the variations. To aim the correlations between the different categories of variables: three-year and master’s degree courses, professors and professors of physical education and sports sciences. The method is the archive search of official data in the ministerial database and the statistical analysis of them. The results show a significant correlation between the variables examined in relation to time, demonstration of a progressive development; moreover the correlations between all the examined variables are significant, further demonstration of a gradual development. It would be further useful to know the trends in the number of students and the trends of the degree courses and professors to check if there are significant correlations between them also for these trends.
在意大利,自2000年以来,随着高等体育教育机构ISEF的改革,运动和体育科学已经进入了学院。随后,随着2011年博洛尼亚进程的实施,第一批三年制学位课程和第一批分为运动科学和运动科学的教授诞生了。经过近二十年的发展,它们像其他科学知识一样在学术范围内。研究的重点是学位课程和教授数量的一致性以及它们之间的演化趋势,以观察其变化。目的是研究不同类别变量之间的相关性:三年制和硕士学位课程,体育教育和运动科学的教授和教授。方法是对部级数据库中的官方数据进行档案检索和统计分析。结果表明,所检查的变量与时间之间存在显著的相关性,表明了一种渐进的发展;此外,所有被检查的变量之间的相关性是显著的,进一步证明了一个渐进的发展。了解学生人数的趋势以及学位课程和教授的趋势,以检查这些趋势之间是否存在显著的相关性,这将是进一步有用的。
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引用次数: 11
Vertical jump test assessment in non-athlete adults: Systematic review 非运动员成人垂直跳跃测试评估:系统回顾
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.12
Inês Baptista, J. Abrantes, T. Atalaia
Vertical impulse tests usually designated “jump tests”, are regularly carried out in the assessment of physical performance in athletic performers. The present review aims to explore if such tests can be part of the performance evaluation processes in non-athlete performers. To achieve this, a systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA standards. The databases Pubmed, CINAHL Plus, Medline Complete and Google Scholar were accessed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected. Overall conclusions indicate that countermovement jump (CMJ) gathered consensus as the preferred method to evaluate physical performance, particularly with the contribution of upper limbs movement and self-selected range of angular knee joint flexion. Other information gathered include test procedures to enhance vertical test results and the gender influence on test results.
垂直冲击测试通常被称为“跳跃测试”,在评估运动员的身体表现时经常进行。本综述旨在探讨这种测试是否可以作为非运动员表现评估过程的一部分。为此,根据PRISMA的标准进行了系统的审查。检索Pubmed、CINAHL Plus、Medline Complete和Google Scholar数据库。在应用纳入和排除标准后,选择了7篇文章。总体结论表明,反向跳跃(CMJ)是评估身体表现的首选方法,尤其是上肢运动的贡献和自我选择的膝关节角屈曲范围。收集的其他信息包括提高垂直测试结果的测试程序以及性别对测试结果的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Examining effectiveness of e-sports activity in Japan 考察日本电子竞技活动的有效性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.66
G. Hagiwara, D. Akiyama, Shunichi Takeshita
Digital games or video games have a positive impact on cognitive function. However, there is no study examining the positive effects of e-sports in Japan. Thus, we conducted two studies. Study 1 examined the relationship between e-sports and cognitive function using the Stroop and reverse-Stroop Color and Word Test. Additionally, study 2 examined the psychological statement while playing e-sports using biological evaluation. Study 1 included six male collegiate students who could play e-sports (three in the e-sports group, three in the control group), while study 2 involved two male Japanese collegiate e-sports players. The e-sports group played e-sports for 10 minutes and their cognitive function and psychological statement were evaluated during play. EEG was employed to evaluate the psychological statement of the e-sport players in study 2. Emotional condition (concentration) was analysed from the combination of the extracted raw EEG data using KANSEI Module Logger. Results of study 1 indicated that 10 minutes of e-sports activity significantly improved cognitive function, especially interference and concentration, in the e-sports group. Study 2 concluded that the average concentration value at play time was significantly higher than that during the resting period. Therefore, this study indicated that e-sports activity might have positive effects when played for a brief time.
数字游戏或电子游戏对认知功能有积极影响。然而,目前还没有研究调查电子竞技在日本的积极影响。因此,我们进行了两项研究。研究1使用Stroop和反Stroop颜色和单词测试来检验电子竞技与认知功能的关系。此外,研究2使用生物学评价方法对电子竞技时的心理状态进行了检测。研究1包括6名会玩电子竞技的男大学生(3名在电子竞技组,3名在对照组),而研究2涉及两名日本男大学生电子竞技选手。电子竞技组进行10分钟的电子竞技,并在游戏过程中评估其认知功能和心理状态。研究二采用脑电图法对电子竞技选手的心理状态进行评价。结合提取的原始脑电图数据,使用KANSEI模块记录仪分析情绪状态(集中)。研究1的结果表明,10分钟的电子竞技活动显著改善了电子竞技组的认知功能,尤其是干扰和注意力。研究2得出玩耍时间的平均浓度显著高于休息时间的平均浓度。因此,本研究表明,电子竞技活动在短时间内可能会产生积极的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Self-perception about health and wellness effects on recreational five-a-side football athletes 休闲五人制足球运动员对健康和健康影响的自我认知
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.42
N. Severino, F. Cassese, R. Izzo, Ilaria Viscione
In this study, we examine the health and well-being perceptions arising from some of the most commonly used physical activities to achieve physical well-being. In particular, we focus on the perceptive aspects specific to recreational football, trying to understand what can be the parameters that acquire a greater benefit on a physical level and what are the diseases that can be prevented by practicing this activity. Through some questions asked to a group of 15 boys, aged between 23 and 29, it was found that recreational football can achieve greater physical resistance (71.4%) and a decrease in body fat (57.1 %), and that we can prevent cardiovascular diseases (76.9%) and obesity (61.5%). Furthermore, the data collected showed that the analysed sample considers it more appropriate to do the one activity than another, depending on the physical well-being that one wants to achieve. For example, according to the interviewees, to increase lean mass it is better to perform strength training (66.7%). According to many other studies, therefore, this type of activity significantly improves both in terms of perceptions and real data, the general physical well-being of the person who practices it.
在这项研究中,我们研究了一些最常用的体育活动所产生的健康和幸福观念,以实现身体健康。特别是,我们专注于休闲足球的感知方面,试图了解哪些参数可以在身体层面上获得更大的好处,以及通过练习这项活动可以预防哪些疾病。通过对15名年龄在23岁至29岁之间的男孩进行问卷调查,发现休闲足球可以获得更大的身体抵抗力(71.4%)和减少体脂(57.1%),并且可以预防心血管疾病(76.9%)和肥胖(61.5%)。此外,收集的数据表明,分析样本认为,根据一个人想要实现的身体健康,做一项活动比做另一项活动更合适。例如,受访者认为要增加瘦质量,最好进行力量训练(66.7%)。因此,根据许多其他研究,这种类型的活动在感知和实际数据方面都能显著提高,锻炼者的总体身体健康状况。
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引用次数: 2
Physical-technical conditions, coaching and nutrition: An integrated approach to promote cohesion in sports team 体能技术条件、训练与营养:提高运动队凝聚力的综合方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.60
V. Onofrio, P. Montesano, F. Mazzeo
The aim was verified that the level of cohesion of a sports group is conditioned by numerous variables, which affect the athletes performance and lead to difficulties in adults relationships. The sample physical-technical and nutritional conditions and the help for the cohesion of a technique such as coaching were evaluated. Coaching can understand as the process in which individuals, mostly athletes, supported for their improvement and development in order to achieve performance high levels. 40 adults, aged between 35 and 45 years old, practicing football at amateur level for eight months, belonging to two different sports groups (blue and red group), have been observed. The results showed about 2.5% increase for blue group in Cooper test and about 1% in Sargent test, while for red group the improvement was approximately 1.5% in Cooper test and about 0.5% in Sargent test. 37 athletes correctly followed the nutrition specialists indications while 3 athletes showed negative responses. The personalized diets success confirmed by the decrease, in terms of kg, of the average percentage of athletes' body weight. All sample highlighted, with the answers to the 14 items of the questionnaire, significant percentage variations in lifestyles and relationships between group members.
目标被证实,运动群体的凝聚力水平受到许多变量的制约,这些变量会影响运动员的表现并导致成人关系的困难。评估了样本的身体技术和营养条件以及对教练等技术的凝聚力的帮助。教练可以理解为一个过程,在这个过程中,个人,主要是运动员,支持他们的改进和发展,以达到高水平的表现。研究人员对40名年龄在35岁至45岁之间的成年人进行了为期8个月的业余足球训练,他们分别属于两个不同的运动组(蓝色组和红色组)。结果显示,蓝色组在Cooper试验中提高约2.5%,在Sargent试验中提高约1%,而红色组在Cooper试验中提高约1.5%,在Sargent试验中提高约0.5%。37名运动员正确遵循营养专家的指示,3名运动员表现出负面反应。个性化饮食的成功得到了运动员体重平均百分比(以公斤计)下降的证实。所有样本都突出显示了调查问卷中14个项目的答案,显示了群体成员之间生活方式和关系的显著百分比差异。
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引用次数: 6
Long life learning on physical activity 身体活动的终身学习
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.29
M. Pisano, Ilaria Viscione, F. Cassese, G. Altavilla
The University for elderly people was born as a cultural and social service and is widely used. They are part of post-secondary training and in some cases the educational offer is of a good standard and satisfaction. The growing demand for well-being linked to physical activity and healthy lifestyles also requires a study on the activities of other training agencies other than universities. The aim of the study is to carry out the most significant qualitative and quantitative data in Italy and abroad on physical activity. The method is the survey investigation of data with the tools of the questionnaires and the interviews. Through the analysis of the organization structure, the courses, the contents and education scope are possible to identify the aggregate and disaggregated data in 4 categories: theoretical courses, physical activities path, laboratories and other activities to carry out the quantity data of physical activities compared to other categories. The education courses are 8207 of which: 4636 are theoretical courses, 1227 physical activities, 2344 laboratories. In addition to the quantity, it carries out the homogeneous localization on the national and international territory and the similar organization and management. It shows a consolidated culture of the phenomenon that should also be of interest to the public Institution, including the Ministry of Education and the individual universities. In conclusion, it is advisable to investigate furtherly to obtain more useful data also in relation to the progressive increase in life expectancy and the social costs of it.
老年大学作为一种文化和社会服务而诞生,并被广泛使用。它们是高等教育培训的一部分,在某些情况下,提供的教育水平很高,令人满意。对与体育活动和健康生活方式有关的福祉的日益增长的需求也需要对大学以外的其他培训机构的活动进行研究。该研究的目的是开展最重要的定性和定量数据在意大利和国外的体育活动。方法是采用问卷调查法和访谈法对数据进行调查。通过对组织结构、课程、内容和教育范围的分析,可以识别出理论课程、体育活动路径、实验室和其他活动4类的汇总和分解数据,开展体育活动的数量数据与其他类别相比。教学课程8207门,其中理论课4636门,体育活动课1227门,实验课2344门。除数量外,在国内和国际范围内实行同质化本土化和同质化的组织管理。这表明了这种现象的统一文化,也应该引起包括教育部和个别大学在内的公共机构的兴趣。总之,明智的做法是进一步调查,以获得更多有用的数据,这些数据也与预期寿命的逐步增加及其社会成本有关。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science
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