Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.190
E. Haug
In 1923, Arthur Holly Compton introduced what today is known as the Compton wavelength. Even if the Compton scattering derivation by Compton is relativistic in the sense that it takes into account the momentum of photons traveling at the speed of light, the original Compton derivation indirectly assumes that the electron is stationary at the moment it is scattered by electrons, but not after it has been hit by photons. Here, we extend this to derive Compton scattering for the case when the electron is initially moving at a velocity v.
{"title":"Relativistic Compton Wavelength","authors":"E. Haug","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.190","url":null,"abstract":"In 1923, Arthur Holly Compton introduced what today is known as the Compton wavelength. Even if the Compton scattering derivation by Compton is relativistic in the sense that it takes into account the momentum of photons traveling at the speed of light, the original Compton derivation indirectly assumes that the electron is stationary at the moment it is scattered by electrons, but not after it has been hit by photons. Here, we extend this to derive Compton scattering for the case when the electron is initially moving at a velocity v.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.189
N. R. Sreenath, A. Harisha, D. P. Ganesha, T. N. Mahadeva Prasad, G. Thippeswamy, B. N. Lakshminarayanna
The single-crystal XRD investigation shows that, an entitled compound is crystallized in a triclinic lattice of P1 space group. Inthe crystal, the molecular units are organized by a weak intermolecular C-H. . . O and C-H. . . N interactions. The interactions wereexplored by a three dimensional Hirshfeld surfaces mapped on different properties. The associative two-dimensional fingerprintgraphs are generated to indicate the major driving force of crystal packing. The three dimensional interaction energies are calculatedfor the intermolecular interactions using the energy density wave function of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and reported herein.
{"title":"Structural Investigation, Hirshfeld Surfaces and 3D Interaction Energy Analysis of the Compound 3-aryl-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic Acid","authors":"N. R. Sreenath, A. Harisha, D. P. Ganesha, T. N. Mahadeva Prasad, G. Thippeswamy, B. N. Lakshminarayanna","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.189","url":null,"abstract":"The single-crystal XRD investigation shows that, an entitled compound is crystallized in a triclinic lattice of P1 space group. Inthe crystal, the molecular units are organized by a weak intermolecular C-H. . . O and C-H. . . N interactions. The interactions wereexplored by a three dimensional Hirshfeld surfaces mapped on different properties. The associative two-dimensional fingerprintgraphs are generated to indicate the major driving force of crystal packing. The three dimensional interaction energies are calculatedfor the intermolecular interactions using the energy density wave function of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and reported herein.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122385529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.196
Md. Shah Newaz Chowdhury
Particle laden fluid flows are important in many fields of application such as environmental, chemical, astrophysical, and biological flows. They are examples of multicomponent fluid flow where the dispersed component is transported within a carrier fluid, and the dynamics of the flow are mostly dictated by the carrier fluid. The dispersed phase generally consists of particles such as droplets, bubbles, sediments, or nanoparticles while the carrier phase is typically water, oil, and chemical and biological liquids. Preferential concentration is an important characteristic of such multicomponent fluid flow which is defined by a higher density of particles in local regions of flow based on local acceleration, vorticity, strain, and pressure. Due to the intrinsic challenges of dealing with turbulence, mixing, particle tracking, and inter-and intra-component interactions, these flows are complicated to model. Based on the mass ratio of the particles to the fluid, the particles exhibit different preferential concentration patterns. In this article, experimental and numerical works on the preferential concentration of dispersed particles in different fluid flow problems are reviewed and discussed.
{"title":"A Short Review on the Preferential Concentration of Particles in Fluid Flow","authors":"Md. Shah Newaz Chowdhury","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.196","url":null,"abstract":"Particle laden fluid flows are important in many fields of application such as environmental, chemical, astrophysical, and biological flows. They are examples of multicomponent fluid flow where the dispersed component is transported within a carrier fluid, and the dynamics of the flow are mostly dictated by the carrier fluid. The dispersed phase generally consists of particles such as droplets, bubbles, sediments, or nanoparticles while the carrier phase is typically water, oil, and chemical and biological liquids. Preferential concentration is an important characteristic of such multicomponent fluid flow which is defined by a higher density of particles in local regions of flow based on local acceleration, vorticity, strain, and pressure. Due to the intrinsic challenges of dealing with turbulence, mixing, particle tracking, and inter-and intra-component interactions, these flows are complicated to model. Based on the mass ratio of the particles to the fluid, the particles exhibit different preferential concentration patterns. In this article, experimental and numerical works on the preferential concentration of dispersed particles in different fluid flow problems are reviewed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127168616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.182
Abdelfattah Elmadani, Abdelmajid Idrissi, Ramdan Braik, S. Bensallam, A. Bouaaddi, Y. Achaoui, H. Jakjoud
Phononic crystals are artificial engineered materials designed to control and manipulate waves. Unusual behaviour of prohibiting the acoustic propagation in some frequency bands (Band GAP), is a practical way to produce sound-ultrasound-proof environments with a small spatial footprint. In this work, we present a new fractal-like phononic crystal for extraordinary ultrasonic insulation. The host material is a silicon plate where the unit cell is formed by triangular slice and immersed in water. Our simulation is made between 300 kHz and 1.2 MHz and show the possibility of obtaining a wideband-gap, inferior to the one described by the mass law related to a homogeneous silicon membrane, with an attenuation reaching -70 dB, depending on the filling factor.
{"title":"Theoretical Evidence For Ultrasonic Insulation Using a Fractal-Like Phononic Crystal Membranes","authors":"Abdelfattah Elmadani, Abdelmajid Idrissi, Ramdan Braik, S. Bensallam, A. Bouaaddi, Y. Achaoui, H. Jakjoud","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.182","url":null,"abstract":"Phononic crystals are artificial engineered materials designed to control and manipulate waves. Unusual behaviour of prohibiting the acoustic propagation in some frequency bands (Band GAP), is a practical way to produce sound-ultrasound-proof environments with a small spatial footprint. In this work, we present a new fractal-like phononic crystal for extraordinary ultrasonic insulation. The host material is a silicon plate where the unit cell is formed by triangular slice and immersed in water. Our simulation is made between 300 kHz and 1.2 MHz and show the possibility of obtaining a wideband-gap, inferior to the one described by the mass law related to a homogeneous silicon membrane, with an attenuation reaching -70 dB, depending on the filling factor.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125364561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.171
Dev Arastu Panchariya
Theoretical Physics is perhaps the only class of philosophies that has really enhanced and evolved itself to a lot of extent seeking clues towards the ultimate nature of reality. Stretching from the Theory of General Relativity and Quantum Physics, it’s been diversified with quite peculiar answers to multiple deep facets. However, still there is a significant fragment of Physics which is yet to be developed in that theoretical frame of system where the mathematical analysis turns in a more definitive role and thus, holds the intersection of certain other branches of the field and this area is Fluid Dynamics or Hydrodynamics. Although there is no question over some forsooth brilliant contributions in the regime but still, this discovery will deal with a nonpareil strand in order to fill some gaps which will determine new findings to lead the coming times much exclusively through the realm. The proposed discovery in this paper, being chronicle on the most primordial basis; is about quilting the distinction of waves as a whole in the fluid being in layered form and its impact via penetration of mass into those in form of respective disturbance in its fabrication of fundamental geometry. In other words, the idea proposed is about investigating and evolving the understanding of fluid discontinuity in distinctive extents forming geometrical patterns which is the idea that has also been undertaken to insights by some of the greatest Philosophers, Physicists, and Mathematicians of the last two centuries from Helmholtz to Lord Kelvin to Einstein but unfortunately it could not be attained in a full turn of deeper understanding in terms of Theoretical and Mathematical evolution as attempted by all these greatest forefathers of Sciences. In order to extract the idea with the overlap of modern mathematical integration, the entire formation of the defined system is taken into the account by establishing geometrical interpretations which will also develop more protean insights into the field and fill many further gaps in the classical regime of the Dynamics and gives a modern turn to it. The fabrication of the idea is systematically unfolded in terms of both Theoretical & Mathematical engagements concerning to the respective structures taking place in form of different theories partaking in an evolutionary methodology.
{"title":"The Fluid Discontinuity Theory","authors":"Dev Arastu Panchariya","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.171","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical Physics is perhaps the only class of philosophies that has really enhanced and evolved itself to a lot of extent seeking clues towards the ultimate nature of reality. Stretching from the Theory of General Relativity and Quantum Physics, it’s been diversified with quite peculiar answers to multiple deep facets. However, still there is a significant fragment of Physics which is yet to be developed in that theoretical frame of system where the mathematical analysis turns in a more definitive role and thus, holds the intersection of certain other branches of the field and this area is Fluid Dynamics or Hydrodynamics. Although there is no question over some forsooth brilliant contributions in the regime but still, this discovery will deal with a nonpareil strand in order to fill some gaps which will determine new findings to lead the coming times much exclusively through the realm. The proposed discovery in this paper, being chronicle on the most primordial basis; is about quilting the distinction of waves as a whole in the fluid being in layered form and its impact via penetration of mass into those in form of respective disturbance in its fabrication of fundamental geometry. In other words, the idea proposed is about investigating and evolving the understanding of fluid discontinuity in distinctive extents forming geometrical patterns which is the idea that has also been undertaken to insights by some of the greatest Philosophers, Physicists, and Mathematicians of the last two centuries from Helmholtz to Lord Kelvin to Einstein but unfortunately it could not be attained in a full turn of deeper understanding in terms of Theoretical and Mathematical evolution as attempted by all these greatest forefathers of Sciences. In order to extract the idea with the overlap of modern mathematical integration, the entire formation of the defined system is taken into the account by establishing geometrical interpretations which will also develop more protean insights into the field and fill many further gaps in the classical regime of the Dynamics and gives a modern turn to it. The fabrication of the idea is systematically unfolded in terms of both Theoretical & Mathematical engagements concerning to the respective structures taking place in form of different theories partaking in an evolutionary methodology.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132262236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.178
K. W. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme
This article details the use of the power series method to solve a haemodynamics problem in a cylindrical channel with a low Prandtl number. The process involves modifying the Navier-Stokes momentum equation and energy equation with radiation absorption to represent flow through a cylindrical channel; the governing models are made dimensionless with the help of some dimensionless quantities; and the flow is subjected to no-slip boundary conditions. It is true that the flow through biological vessels is thought to be oscillatory due to the pulsatile nature of the heart. The solutions were thought to be associated with an oscillatory frequency term. The dimensionless models were perturbed using the oscillatory term, and the partial differential equations were reduced to ordinary differential equations. Wolfram Mathematica, version 12, was used to code the analytical solutions, which included biophysical parameters such as the Prandtl number, oscillatory frequency parameter, Hartmann number, radiation absorption parameters, and dimensionless wall temperature. It was discovered that changes in biophysical parameters caused changes in both the velocity and temperature profiles, which is extremely important for scientists and clinicians. It is recommended that we pay attention to some of the parameters mentioned above in order to achieve the best results when studying blood flow through a vessel.
{"title":"A Low Prandtl Number Haemodynamic Oscillatory Flow through a Cylindrical Channel using the Power Series Method","authors":"K. W. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.178","url":null,"abstract":"This article details the use of the power series method to solve a haemodynamics problem in a cylindrical channel with a low Prandtl number. The process involves modifying the Navier-Stokes momentum equation and energy equation with radiation absorption to represent flow through a cylindrical channel; the governing models are made dimensionless with the help of some dimensionless quantities; and the flow is subjected to no-slip boundary conditions. It is true that the flow through biological vessels is thought to be oscillatory due to the pulsatile nature of the heart. The solutions were thought to be associated with an oscillatory frequency term. The dimensionless models were perturbed using the oscillatory term, and the partial differential equations were reduced to ordinary differential equations. Wolfram Mathematica, version 12, was used to code the analytical solutions, which included biophysical parameters such as the Prandtl number, oscillatory frequency parameter, Hartmann number, radiation absorption parameters, and dimensionless wall temperature. It was discovered that changes in biophysical parameters caused changes in both the velocity and temperature profiles, which is extremely important for scientists and clinicians. It is recommended that we pay attention to some of the parameters mentioned above in order to achieve the best results when studying blood flow through a vessel.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127872852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.177
S. Telha, A. Bouaaddi, Y. Achaoui, H. Jakjoud
Metasurfaces could be very beneficial when elaborating solar cells to succeed in balancing between cost and efficiency. Thus, thin absorbers achieving high performance are attainable with the possibility to use any material. In this work, a perfect absorber based on a tungsten (W) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurface is proposed. The MIM array consists of a rectangular double split ring resonator (RD-SRR) pattern with a specific set of parametric values that maximize the structure’s absorption. The study results in an ultrabroadband absorption over a minimum value of 97.02% and reaching a high peak of 99.9%. Its integrated absorption over the entire spectral solar at AM1.5 is 99.6%. This absorber fulfills efficiently solar devices’ requirements including the ability to work under high temperature conditions afforded by the use of tungsten.
{"title":"Ultrabroadband Rectangular Double Split Ring Based Perfect Solar Absorber","authors":"S. Telha, A. Bouaaddi, Y. Achaoui, H. Jakjoud","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces could be very beneficial when elaborating solar cells to succeed in balancing between cost and efficiency. Thus, thin absorbers achieving high performance are attainable with the possibility to use any material. In this work, a perfect absorber based on a tungsten (W) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurface is proposed. The MIM array consists of a rectangular double split ring resonator (RD-SRR) pattern with a specific set of parametric values that maximize the structure’s absorption. The study results in an ultrabroadband absorption over a minimum value of 97.02% and reaching a high peak of 99.9%. Its integrated absorption over the entire spectral solar at AM1.5 is 99.6%. This absorber fulfills efficiently solar devices’ requirements including the ability to work under high temperature conditions afforded by the use of tungsten.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121761205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.176
Y. Shin
This paper describes how the characteristics of blackbody radiation are affected by the observer’s frame of reference (OFR). To date, the specific intensity of a photon emitted by a blackbody has been studied based on the assumption that the OFR remains constant throughout the performance of measurements of the specific intensity; thus, how much the specific intensity of the photon is affected by fluctuations in the OFR remains unknown. In this paper, the specific intensity of a photon emitted by a blackbody is considered as the OFR fluctuates. The average specific intensity of a photon is formulated for two types of variations in the OFR with time: periodic square-wave and periodic sawtooth fluctuations. For these two types of fluctuations, the average specific intensity of a photon that has a frequency much higher than that corresponding to the amplitude of the changes in the OFR is found to be always lower than for a stationary OFR. It is also found that the average specific intensity is inversely proportional to the temperature in the limit that the temperature is much higher than that corresponding to the amplitude of these changes. The average specific intensity of a photon in a fluctuating OFR could be used to explain the characteristics of the cosmic microwave background radiation as observed by an observer located in the cosmic background.
{"title":"The Effect of Fluctuations in the Observer’s Frame of Reference on Blackbody Radiation","authors":"Y. Shin","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how the characteristics of blackbody radiation are affected by the observer’s frame of reference (OFR). To date, the specific intensity of a photon emitted by a blackbody has been studied based on the assumption that the OFR remains constant throughout the performance of measurements of the specific intensity; thus, how much the specific intensity of the photon is affected by fluctuations in the OFR remains unknown. In this paper, the specific intensity of a photon emitted by a blackbody is considered as the OFR fluctuates. The average specific intensity of a photon is formulated for two types of variations in the OFR with time: periodic square-wave and periodic sawtooth fluctuations. For these two types of fluctuations, the average specific intensity of a photon that has a frequency much higher than that corresponding to the amplitude of the changes in the OFR is found to be always lower than for a stationary OFR. It is also found that the average specific intensity is inversely proportional to the temperature in the limit that the temperature is much higher than that corresponding to the amplitude of these changes. The average specific intensity of a photon in a fluctuating OFR could be used to explain the characteristics of the cosmic microwave background radiation as observed by an observer located in the cosmic background.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.175
J. Stávek
In this contribution, we model the Solar radiant heat as waves obeying the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The Solar radiant heat is reflected on the termination shock (TS) back towards to the Solar System. The geometry of the TS is known from the recent data of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. This reflected radiant heat might create the observed excess microwave background (MB) in heated thermal telescopes (e.g., the Holmdel horn antenna). This model can be easily experimentally falsified in the spirit of Karl Popper by measuring the microwave background monopole, the microwave background dipole, and the small heat fluctuations coming from the sound waves in the TS shock and not uniform distribution of particles in the TS. This proposed experiment can be realized by the existing technology in the Solar System between the Sun and the termination shock.
{"title":"Solar Radiant Heat Reflected on the Termination Shock Might Create Excess Microwave Radiation in the Horn Antenna (Thermal Telescope)","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.175","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, we model the Solar radiant heat as waves obeying the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The Solar radiant heat is reflected on the termination shock (TS) back towards to the Solar System. The geometry of the TS is known from the recent data of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. This reflected radiant heat might create the observed excess microwave background (MB) in heated thermal telescopes (e.g., the Holmdel horn antenna). This model can be easily experimentally falsified in the spirit of Karl Popper by measuring the microwave background monopole, the microwave background dipole, and the small heat fluctuations coming from the sound waves in the TS shock and not uniform distribution of particles in the TS. This proposed experiment can be realized by the existing technology in the Solar System between the Sun and the termination shock.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126715868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.173
N. Kobasko
In the paper fundamentals of steel parts quench process in liquid media are considered which are used for designing new technologies such as intensive quenching that results in obtaining fine and nano – bainitic microstructure. These fundamentals include French law of transient nucleate boiling establishing during quenching in liquid media, law of transient nucleate boiling duration, when film boiling is absent, and self – regulated thermal process. Based on listed fundamentals, new versions of intensive austemering processes via cold liquid media are proposed. That allows obtaining fine bainitic microstructure in hardened materaials. Examples of performing austempering processes via cold liquid are provided by author of the paper. The proposed new method of quenching is combined with the martensite transformation which may appear in supercooled austenite in amount of less than 50%. Ideas of the paper can be used by engineers and scientists dealing with materials designing and heat treatment processes.
{"title":"Basics of Quench Process Hardening of Powder Materials and Irons in Liquid Media","authors":"N. Kobasko","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper fundamentals of steel parts quench process in liquid media are considered which are used for designing new technologies such as intensive quenching that results in obtaining fine and nano – bainitic microstructure. These fundamentals include French law of transient nucleate boiling establishing during quenching in liquid media, law of transient nucleate boiling duration, when film boiling is absent, and self – regulated thermal process. Based on listed fundamentals, new versions of intensive austemering processes via cold liquid media are proposed. That allows obtaining fine bainitic microstructure in hardened materaials. Examples of performing austempering processes via cold liquid are provided by author of the paper. The proposed new method of quenching is combined with the martensite transformation which may appear in supercooled austenite in amount of less than 50%. Ideas of the paper can be used by engineers and scientists dealing with materials designing and heat treatment processes.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133464474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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