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Second Harmonic Generation in Lithiated Silicon Nanowires: Derivations and Computational Methods 锂化硅纳米线二次谐波的产生:推导和计算方法
Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202109.0452.v1
Donald C. Boone
This research will examine the computational methods to calculate the nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG) that will be hypothesized to be present during lithium ion insertion into silicon nanowires. First it will be determined whether the medium in which SHG is conveyed is non-centrosymmetric or whether the medium is inversion symmetric where SHG as a part of the second-order nonlinear optical phenomenon does not exist. It will be demonstrated that the main interaction that determines SHG is multiphoton absorption on lithium ions. The quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO) is used as the background that generates coherent states for electrons and photons that transverse the length of the silicon nanowire. The matrix elements of the Hamiltonian which represents the energy of the system will be used to calculate the probability density of second-order nonlinear optical interactions which includes collectively SHG, sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG). As a result it will be seen that at varies concentrations of lithium ions (Li+) within the crystallized silicon (c-Si) matrix the second-order nonlinear optical process has probabilities substantial enough to create second harmonic generation that could possibly be used for such applications as second harmonic imaging microscopy.
本研究将研究计算二次谐波产生(SHG)非线性光学过程的计算方法,该非线性光学过程将被假设存在于锂离子插入硅纳米线过程中。首先要确定传递SHG的介质是非中心对称的,还是逆对称的,其中SHG作为二阶非线性光学现象的一部分不存在。将证明决定SHG的主要相互作用是锂离子上的多光子吸收。量子谐振子(QHO)被用作背景,使电子和光子在硅纳米线的长度上产生相干态。表示系统能量的哈密顿量的矩阵元素将用于计算二阶非线性光相互作用的概率密度,这些相互作用包括SHG,和频产生(SFG)和差频产生(DFG)。因此,我们可以看到,在不同浓度的锂离子(Li+)晶体硅(c-Si)矩阵中,二阶非线性光学过程有足够的概率产生二次谐波,可能用于二次谐波成像显微镜等应用。
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引用次数: 0
On Reactive Force in Thin Unclosed Conductor and Displacement Current 薄非闭合导体中的反作用力与位移电流
Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.100
S. Gerasimov
The linear momentum density carried by electromagnetic fields creates the hidden force acting on the displacement current between ends of an unclosed conductor with alternative electric current. This force compensates the self-force exerted by the unclosed conductor with zero thin. The magnetic field produced by displacement current does not contribute to the force acting on the conductor. The unclosed conductor can move under action of the self-force. At small heights of cylindrical open conductor, the reactive force equivalent to the self-force becomes very large
电磁场所携带的线性动量密度产生了隐藏的力,作用于具有交变电流的不闭合导体两端之间的位移电流。这个力用零薄补偿了未闭合导体施加的自作用力。位移电流产生的磁场对作用在导体上的力没有贡献。不闭合的导体在自作用力的作用下可以运动。在圆柱形开放导体的小高度处,等效于自作用力的反作用力变得非常大
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引用次数: 1
From the 3D Constructions of Gell-Mann’s 1960 to the Higgs Field Constructions with Data of all Elementary Particles 从盖尔曼1960年的三维结构到所有基本粒子数据的希格斯场结构
Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.4.92
H. J. Scheuber
In 1960 Gell-Mann completed the “Particle Zoo” with pseudo 3D constructions: a Spin-Strangeness plane and an oblique incident charge. In this way he investigated with the crossing Kaon connections (1/2 Spin, -1, 0, 1 Strangeness, -1, 0, 1 Charge) 3 quark-points with simple proper fractions. With the new media the construction can be better detected with a perpendicular charge axis as could be done with the GeoGebra 5 program. But 1960 the Quantum Mechanics didn’t want the Strangeness and prevented a construction for everyman. Only experts were mathematically according to Lagrange allowed to get an idea about the real matter. But according to the Euclid Geometry 3 points lay on a circle line; if twice, then with 6 exact Quark points all other known requirements of the particle physics can be done by construction.
1960年,盖尔曼用伪三维结构完成了“粒子动物园”:一个自旋奇异面和一个斜入射电荷。用这种方法,他研究了具有简单固有分数的3个夸克点的交叉介子连接(1/2自旋,- 1,0,1奇异度,- 1,0,1电荷)。与GeoGebra 5程序一样,使用新介质可以用垂直电荷轴更好地检测结构。但是1960年,量子力学不想要奇异性,并阻止了对普通人的构建。只有在数学上遵循拉格朗日理论的专家才能对真实的事物有所了解。但根据欧几里得几何,三个点位于一条圆线上;如果两次,那么有6个精确的夸克点,所有其他已知的粒子物理要求都可以通过构建来完成。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Investigation of the Stability and Spintronic Properties of Selected Quaternary Alloys 选定的第四系合金稳定性和自旋电子性能的数值研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.24018/EJPHYSICS.2021.3.4.86
A. I. Popoola, S. B. Akinpelu
The use of electronic charge and spins (spintronics) has been proposed for much better data storage. This class of material is believed to have excellent capability for data integrity, low dynamic power consumption and high-density storage that showcases excellent protection against data loss. The spintronic and related properties have been investigated on four newly proposed quaternary alloys (NbRhGeCo, NbRhGeCr, NbRhGeFe and NbRhGeNi) through the first-principles calculation method of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Specifically, the phonon frequencies, elastic stabilities, and the electronic structure were systematically studied in the full Heusler structure. The results predict that NbRhGeFe and NbRhGeCr are elastically and structurally stable. Both NbRhGeFe and NbRhGeCo are half-metals with ferromagnetic character, but NbRhGeCo is unfortunately elastically unstable. NbRhGeCr and NbRhGeNi are non-magnetic metallic alloys in their spin channels.  All the results predict NbRhGeFe to be the only suitable among all the four alloys for spintronic application.
利用电子电荷和自旋(自旋电子学)已被提议用于更好的数据存储。这类材料被认为具有出色的数据完整性,低动态功耗和高密度存储能力,可以出色地防止数据丢失。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理计算方法,研究了四种新型四元合金(NbRhGeCo、NbRhGeCr、NbRhGeFe和NbRhGeNi)的自旋电子及其相关性质。具体而言,系统地研究了全Heusler结构中的声子频率、弹性稳定性和电子结构。结果表明,NbRhGeFe和NbRhGeCr具有良好的弹性和结构稳定性。NbRhGeFe和NbRhGeCo都是具有铁磁性的半金属,但不幸的是,NbRhGeCo弹性不稳定。NbRhGeCr和NbRhGeNi的自旋通道为非磁性金属合金。所有结果都预测NbRhGeFe是四种合金中唯一适合自旋电子应用的合金。
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引用次数: 1
Photon Attenuation Coefficients of Fly-Ash Based Geopolymers Synthesized with Different Barite Proportions 不同重晶石比例合成粉煤灰基地聚合物的光子衰减系数
Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.24018/EJPHYSICS.2021.3.4.84
Sabri M. Shalbi, A. Al-jarrah, M. Jaafar, N. M. Ahmed
Mass attenuation coefficients of fly-ash based geopolymers fabricated with different proportions of barite are measured using a high-resolution NaI spectrometer detector. After fabrication, the samples were irradiated with gamma-rays emitted from point sources of 241Am and 137Cs. The measured experimental values are found to be consistent with theoretical calculations carried out using the XCOM program. Based on the results, the radiation shielding capacity of the geopolymers is found to increase with increase in barite proportion. In addition, the fly-ash based geopolymers fall within the internationally established range and are thus acceptable for use as radiation protection devices.
采用高分辨率NaI光谱仪测量了不同重晶石配比的粉煤灰基地聚合物的质量衰减系数。制作完成后,用241Am和137Cs点源发射的伽马射线照射样品。实验测量值与XCOM程序的理论计算结果一致。结果表明,地聚合物的辐射屏蔽能力随重晶石比例的增加而增加。此外,粉煤灰基地聚合物在国际上确定的范围内,因此可以作为辐射防护装置使用。
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引用次数: 0
Bound State Solutions of the Hua Potential within the Framework of Two Approximations Scheme 两种近似格式框架下华势的束缚态解
Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.3.72
E. Ettah, P. Ushie, C. Ekpo
In this paper, we solve analytically the Schrodinger equation for s-wave and arbitrary angular momenta with the Hua potential is investigated respectively. The wave function as well as energy equation are obtained in an exact analytical manner via the Nikiforov Uvarov method using two approximations scheme. Some special cases of this potentials are also studied.
本文分别研究了s波和任意角动量的薛定谔方程的解析解。采用Nikiforov - Uvarov方法,用两种近似格式精确解析得到了波函数和能量方程。本文还研究了这种势的一些特殊情况。
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引用次数: 0
Relativistic Treatment of Quantum Mechanical Gravitational-Harmonic Oscillator Potential 量子力学引力谐振子势的相对论性处理
Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.3.83
E. Inyang, B. Ita
The solutions of the Klein- Gordon equation for the quantum mechanical gravitational plus harmonic oscillator potential with equal scalar and vector potential have been presented using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues were obtained in relativistic and non-relativistic regime and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions in terms of Laguerre polynomials. The numerical values for the S – wave bound state were obtained.
用参数化Nikiforov-Uvarov方法给出了标量势和矢量势相等的量子力学引力加谐振子势的Klein- Gordon方程的解。得到了相对论态和非相对论态下的能量特征值,以及相应的以拉盖尔多项式表示的非归一化特征函数。得到了S波束缚态的数值。
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引用次数: 6
Landauer’s Principle of Minimum Energy Might Place Limits on the Detectability of Gravitons of Certain Mass 兰道尔的最小能量原理可能会限制一定质量的引力子的可探测性
Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202106.0133.V1
I. Haranas, I. Gkigkitzis, K. Cobbett, R. Gauthier
According to Landauer’s principle, the energy of a particle may be used to record or erase N number of information bits within the thermal bath. The maximum number of information N recorded by the particle in the heat bath is found to be inversely proportional to its temperature T. If at least one bit of information is transferred from the particle to the medium, then the particle might exchange information with the medium. Therefore for at least one bit of information, the limiting mass that can carry or transform information assuming a temperature T= 2.73 K is equal to m = 4.71810-40 kg which is many orders of magnitude smaller that the masse of most of today’s elementary particles. Next, using the corresponding temperature of a graviton relic and assuming at least one bit of information the corresponding graviton mass is calculated and from that, a relation for the number of information N carried by a graviton as a function of the graviton mass mgr is derived. Furthermore, the range of information number contained in a graviton is also calculated for the given range of graviton mass as given by Nieto and Goldhaber, from which we find that the range of the graviton is inversely proportional to the information number N. Finally, treating the gravitons as harmonic oscillators in an enclosure of size R we derive the range of a graviton as a function of the cosmological parameters in the present era
根据兰道尔原理,一个粒子的能量可以用来记录或擦除热浴中的N个信息位。发现粒子在热浴中记录的最大信息数N与其温度t成反比。如果至少有一位信息从粒子传递到介质,则粒子可能与介质交换信息。因此,对于至少一个比特的信息,假设温度T= 2.73 K,可以携带或转换信息的极限质量等于m = 4.71810-40 kg,这比今天大多数基本粒子的质量小很多个数量级。然后,利用引力子遗迹的相应温度,假设至少有1位信息,计算出相应的引力子质量,并由此推导出引力子携带的信息量N与引力子质量mgr的关系。此外,在Nieto和Goldhaber给出的给定引力子质量范围下,我们还计算了引力子所包含的信息数的范围,由此我们发现引力子的范围与信息数n成反比。最后,我们将引力子作为谐振子放在一个大小为R的封闭空间中,我们推导出了引力子的范围作为当代宇宙学参数的函数
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引用次数: 0
In Search of a New Quantum Theory: From an Electron with a Volume to the Mechanism of Light Generation 寻找新的量子理论:从有体积的电子到光的产生机制
Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.24018/EJPHYSICS.2021.3.2.62
A. Nechayev
A new theoretical concept of quantum mechanics is proposed. The leading role is assigned to the electron as a non-point particle with a volume density of charge and mass. Based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, a nonlinear differential equation describing the dynamics of the charged substance of an electron is proposed. This new fundamental equation is transformed into the Schrödinger equation, with the density of the material substance of the electron being proportional to the square of the wave function. Since an electron in the form of a "cloud" of matter can change its configuration in space, we can give a classical interpretation to the process of generating a photon with a frequency and energy corresponding to the principles of quantum mechanics. Interference, diffraction, and the non-relativistic concept of electron spin is discussed.
提出了一个新的量子力学理论概念。主导作用被赋予电子作为一个非点粒子,具有电荷和质量的体积密度。在Hamilton-Jacobi方程的基础上,提出了描述电子带电物质动力学的非线性微分方程。这个新的基本方程被转换成Schrödinger方程,电子物质的密度与波函数的平方成正比。由于以物质“云”形式存在的电子可以改变其在空间中的构型,因此我们可以对产生频率和能量与量子力学原理相对应的光子的过程给出经典解释。讨论了干涉、衍射和电子自旋的非相对论性概念。
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引用次数: 0
On the Variation of Geomagnetic H-Component during Solar Quiet Days 太阳平静日地磁h分量的变化
Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.24018/EJPHYSICS.2021.3.2.35
E. B. Ugwu, C. E. Okeke
The hourly variation of the H-component of the geometric field from two equatorial electrojet stations, Huancayo and Addis Ababa, and one non-equatorial electrojet station, Alibag, were studied to find out the trend of solar quiet variation of H for the year 2008. The dH amplitudes of the electrojet stations showed enhancement in H, while there was no enhancement in the non-electrojet station which was located far away from the dip equator. The day-to-day monthly diurnal variation was, however, observed in all the three stations. Also, at nighttime, the dH amplitudes of all the stations were non-zero which we attributed to non-ionospheric current sources like the magnetosphere since at night there was no solar radiations. For seasonal variations, an Equinoctial maximum, J-Solstitial maximum, and S-Solstitial maximum were observed in the equatorial stations while the non-equatorial station recorded an equinoctial minimum, J-solstitial minimum and D-Solstitial minimum.
研究了环卡约和亚的斯亚贝巴两个赤道电喷站和阿里巴格一个非赤道电喷站的几何场H分量的逐时变化,找出了2008年太阳H平稳变化的趋势。电喷台站的H值振幅随H值的增加而增加,而远离倾角赤道的非电喷台站的H值振幅则没有增加。然而,在所有三个站点都观察到逐月逐日的变化。此外,在夜间,所有站点的dH振幅都是非零的,我们将其归因于非电离层电流源,如磁层,因为夜间没有太阳辐射。季节变化方面,赤道站观测到分点最大值、j -至点最大值和s -至点最大值,非赤道站观测到分点最小值、j -至点最小值和d -至点最小值。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Applied Physics
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