Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.160
J. Stávek
The Gravity Probe B Mission (GPB) collected valuable experimental data in the years 2004-2005. The geodetic drift in the orbit plane was interpreted as the curvature precession through the space-time curved by the Earth´s mass. The frame-dragging effect was interpreted using the Lense-Thirring-Schiff model based on the dragging of the orbit plane of a satellite around the rotating Earth. Both these effects were visible in the CORRECTED data. The gist of this contribution is to describe these gravitational events as the result of the joint effects of the gravitational deformation potential and the gravitational phonons in the gyroscope rotors. The gravitational phonon velocity is “hidden” in the formula discovered by Albert Einstein in his last Prague´s paper in 1912. Gravitational phonons and the gravitational deformation potential acting on the gyroscope rotors deform slightly the gyroscope rotor geometry and form both observed longitudinal and transverse precessions. This new interpretation of subtle gravitational precessions was tested on the RAW experimental data published by the GPB Team. The observed gravitational events occur in the classical 3D space in this scenario. We propose to re-analyze all GPB data according this classical model without additional corrections. The new Gravity Probe C + D missions might deliver more illustrative data comparing this model with the predictions of the general theory of relativity.
{"title":"How to Interpret Gravitational Events in the Gravity Probe B Mission? (Gravitational Phonons and Gravitational Deformation Potential)","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.160","url":null,"abstract":"The Gravity Probe B Mission (GPB) collected valuable experimental data in the years 2004-2005. The geodetic drift in the orbit plane was interpreted as the curvature precession through the space-time curved by the Earth´s mass. The frame-dragging effect was interpreted using the Lense-Thirring-Schiff model based on the dragging of the orbit plane of a satellite around the rotating Earth. Both these effects were visible in the CORRECTED data. The gist of this contribution is to describe these gravitational events as the result of the joint effects of the gravitational deformation potential and the gravitational phonons in the gyroscope rotors. The gravitational phonon velocity is “hidden” in the formula discovered by Albert Einstein in his last Prague´s paper in 1912. Gravitational phonons and the gravitational deformation potential acting on the gyroscope rotors deform slightly the gyroscope rotor geometry and form both observed longitudinal and transverse precessions. This new interpretation of subtle gravitational precessions was tested on the RAW experimental data published by the GPB Team. The observed gravitational events occur in the classical 3D space in this scenario. We propose to re-analyze all GPB data according this classical model without additional corrections. The new Gravity Probe C + D missions might deliver more illustrative data comparing this model with the predictions of the general theory of relativity.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.159
J. Stávek
The Newton´s rotating bucket with gravitational events occurring in that bucket is a starting point for any new model describing gravitational situations and serves as a “filter” for any proposed gravitational model. The topic of this contribution is to describe the self-organization of H2O molecules in the rotating bucket based on the Einstein-Shannon (ES) log-normal distribution of gravitationally redshifted velocities of H2O molecules. The joint co-operation of the Earth´s gravitational field with the centrifugal force acts as that “hidden” organizing agent. H2O molecules transfer the gravitational phonons and reflect them on the surfaces of the wall, bottom, and the water surface of Newton´s bucket and form the 3D paraboloid. Five new experimental predictions are proposed and compared with the experiments. The external observer is unaware that the H2O molecules in Newton´s bucket are phonon velocity-organized due to the Earth´s gravitational redshift and the rotation of Newton´s bucket. The microscopic interplay of gravitational phonons inside of Newton´s bucket is hidden from the macroscopic analysis of the external observers. The external observer claims that these centrifugal forces are fictitious. In order to discover the real actions of those self-organized forces, the observer has to be a part of the rotating system in the presence of the Earth´s gravitational field or to study the rotating system in proposed experiments.
{"title":"How to Interpret Gravitational Events in the Newton´s Rotating Bucket? (Gravitational Phonons)","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.2.159","url":null,"abstract":"The Newton´s rotating bucket with gravitational events occurring in that bucket is a starting point for any new model describing gravitational situations and serves as a “filter” for any proposed gravitational model. The topic of this contribution is to describe the self-organization of H2O molecules in the rotating bucket based on the Einstein-Shannon (ES) log-normal distribution of gravitationally redshifted velocities of H2O molecules. The joint co-operation of the Earth´s gravitational field with the centrifugal force acts as that “hidden” organizing agent. H2O molecules transfer the gravitational phonons and reflect them on the surfaces of the wall, bottom, and the water surface of Newton´s bucket and form the 3D paraboloid. Five new experimental predictions are proposed and compared with the experiments. The external observer is unaware that the H2O molecules in Newton´s bucket are phonon velocity-organized due to the Earth´s gravitational redshift and the rotation of Newton´s bucket. The microscopic interplay of gravitational phonons inside of Newton´s bucket is hidden from the macroscopic analysis of the external observers. The external observer claims that these centrifugal forces are fictitious. In order to discover the real actions of those self-organized forces, the observer has to be a part of the rotating system in the presence of the Earth´s gravitational field or to study the rotating system in proposed experiments. ","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-13DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.151
V. Kirtskhalia
The author drew attention to the contradictions existing in the theory of gas and hydrodynamics as well as in magnetohydrodynamics as early asin 1994, when he publishedthe article “On the stability problem of the tangential discontinuity” in the journal “Planetary and Space Sciences” [1]. Particularly intensive theoretical research in this direction has been carried out over the past 10 years at I. Vekua Sokhumi Institute of Physics and Technology and at Sokhumi State University. Many works have been published in reputable journals, in which the contradictions and absurdity of some of the concepts ingrainedin modern gas and hydrodynamics have been shown, and ways to overcome them have been indicated. Despite of this, these works did not receive proper feedback from the scientific communityand it can be explained by the conservatism of thinking of specialists in this field of physics. Based on this, we believe that it will be useful to provide interested readers with a review article based on the most important works published by us andonce again todraw their attention to the relevance of the problem.
{"title":"Contradictions in the Theory of Gas and Hydrodynamics as a Consequence of Incorrectness Fundamental Equations","authors":"V. Kirtskhalia","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.151","url":null,"abstract":"The author drew attention to the contradictions existing in the theory of gas and hydrodynamics as well as in magnetohydrodynamics as early asin 1994, when he publishedthe article “On the stability problem of the tangential discontinuity” in the journal “Planetary and Space Sciences” [1]. Particularly intensive theoretical research in this direction has been carried out over the past 10 years at I. Vekua Sokhumi Institute of Physics and Technology and at Sokhumi State University. Many works have been published in reputable journals, in which the contradictions and absurdity of some of the concepts ingrainedin modern gas and hydrodynamics have been shown, and ways to overcome them have been indicated. Despite of this, these works did not receive proper feedback from the scientific communityand it can be explained by the conservatism of thinking of specialists in this field of physics. Based on this, we believe that it will be useful to provide interested readers with a review article based on the most important works published by us andonce again todraw their attention to the relevance of the problem.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129390550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.150
N. Kobasko
Based on self–regulated thermal process, in the paper four types of thermomechanical treatments are considered. The first is a high temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTTMT) followed by complete martensitic transformation. The second is a low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTTMT) plus martensitic transformation. The third is the high and low temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTTMT and LTTMT) plus martensitic transformation. And the last includes HTTMT and LTTMT plus bainitic transformation to obtain super strong and ductile materials. It is shown in the paper that listed technologies are enough intensive to obtain very strong and ductile materials using plain high carbon steels. A detailed consideration of all processes in the paper will motivate engineers to perform mentioned technologies in forging shops to receive super strong and ductile materials without costly alloying that saves energy and alloying elements. The paper discusses the opportunity of preventing martensite transformation to receive fine and nano–bainitic microstructure during intensive quenching. A hypothesis is forwarded that explains possible technology used in 8th and 9th centuries in the Middle East to manufacture Damascus steel. The secret of Damascus steel could be the duration of transient nucleate boiling process needed for preventing martensite transformation during forging of steel.
{"title":"Transient Nucleate Boiling Process Used for Obtaining Super Strong Carbon Steels and Irons","authors":"N. Kobasko","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.150","url":null,"abstract":"Based on self–regulated thermal process, in the paper four types of thermomechanical treatments are considered. The first is a high temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTTMT) followed by complete martensitic transformation. The second is a low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTTMT) plus martensitic transformation. The third is the high and low temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTTMT and LTTMT) plus martensitic transformation. And the last includes HTTMT and LTTMT plus bainitic transformation to obtain super strong and ductile materials. It is shown in the paper that listed technologies are enough intensive to obtain very strong and ductile materials using plain high carbon steels. A detailed consideration of all processes in the paper will motivate engineers to perform mentioned technologies in forging shops to receive super strong and ductile materials without costly alloying that saves energy and alloying elements. The paper discusses the opportunity of preventing martensite transformation to receive fine and nano–bainitic microstructure during intensive quenching. A hypothesis is forwarded that explains possible technology used in 8th and 9th centuries in the Middle East to manufacture Damascus steel. The secret of Damascus steel could be the duration of transient nucleate boiling process needed for preventing martensite transformation during forging of steel.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"103 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123530118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.149
J. Stávek
The guiding principle of this contribution is the mutual interplay between the Solar gravitational field and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds of atoms and the observed Fraunhofer lines. We know from numerous experiments that the Newtonian gravitational constant does not depend on the atomic mass, temperature, pressure and many other particle parameters. Therefore, we should discover a universal distribution function that could be used for all atoms and their properties for a given gravitational field. We have introduced the ES log-normal distribution fully determined by the Einstein median as the scale parameter and the Shannon shape parameter σ = 1/√6. Shannon formulated this shape parameter for the log-normal distribution describing systems with the maximum entropy formation. This ES log-normal distribution function determines the most effective mutual interactions between the gravitational field and the Maxwell-Boltzmann particles. In order to make the Einstein median formula more general, we have introduced the model of the active solid angle of the source of gravity with values 1 ≤ Ω ≤ 4 steradians. We have tested this ES log-normal distribution with three datasets measured on the Solar disc and two datasets measured on the surface of the Earth using the Mössbauer effect. There were predicted some new properties of those datasets. This model might stimulate and promote new initiatives to collect new better datasets for the Solar disc and the Mössbauer effect.
{"title":"The ES Log-normal Distribution Determined by the Einstein Median as the Scale Parameter and the Shannon Shape Parameter","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.149","url":null,"abstract":"The guiding principle of this contribution is the mutual interplay between the Solar gravitational field and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds of atoms and the observed Fraunhofer lines. We know from numerous experiments that the Newtonian gravitational constant does not depend on the atomic mass, temperature, pressure and many other particle parameters. Therefore, we should discover a universal distribution function that could be used for all atoms and their properties for a given gravitational field. We have introduced the ES log-normal distribution fully determined by the Einstein median as the scale parameter and the Shannon shape parameter σ = 1/√6. Shannon formulated this shape parameter for the log-normal distribution describing systems with the maximum entropy formation. This ES log-normal distribution function determines the most effective mutual interactions between the gravitational field and the Maxwell-Boltzmann particles. In order to make the Einstein median formula more general, we have introduced the model of the active solid angle of the source of gravity with values 1 ≤ Ω ≤ 4 steradians. We have tested this ES log-normal distribution with three datasets measured on the Solar disc and two datasets measured on the surface of the Earth using the Mössbauer effect. There were predicted some new properties of those datasets. This model might stimulate and promote new initiatives to collect new better datasets for the Solar disc and the Mössbauer effect.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115867275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.134
A. Kazadi Mukenga Bantu, T. Mabiala Masiala, E. Phuku Phuati, J. Mbungu Tsumbu, P. Defrance
In the present work, we have investigated the light scattering from a Nickel metal cylinder under normal incidence. A double approach using the Fresnel reflectance model and Lorenz-Mie approach shows that the Fresnel model cannot follow the changes in the scattering regime when the size parameter changes. Experiments show that, even for large cylinders, the Fresnel model overestimates the effects of reflection in the forward direction. The simulation using the Lorenz-Mie formalism shows that as the size parameter changes the scattering regime changes and for size parameter lower than one the distribution of light intensity tends to become uniform and, for size parameter equal or lower than 0.1 the distribution is uniform and independent on the scattering angle, with a strong polarization around 70%.
{"title":"Double Approach in the Investigation of Light Scattering by a Nickel Metal Cylinder","authors":"A. Kazadi Mukenga Bantu, T. Mabiala Masiala, E. Phuku Phuati, J. Mbungu Tsumbu, P. Defrance","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.134","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we have investigated the light scattering from a Nickel metal cylinder under normal incidence. A double approach using the Fresnel reflectance model and Lorenz-Mie approach shows that the Fresnel model cannot follow the changes in the scattering regime when the size parameter changes. Experiments show that, even for large cylinders, the Fresnel model overestimates the effects of reflection in the forward direction. The simulation using the Lorenz-Mie formalism shows that as the size parameter changes the scattering regime changes and for size parameter lower than one the distribution of light intensity tends to become uniform and, for size parameter equal or lower than 0.1 the distribution is uniform and independent on the scattering angle, with a strong polarization around 70%.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116257937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.147
K. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme
An attempt was made to investigate an embolitic plaque effect on blood flow through a microchannel and the impact of the magnetic field, metabolic heat, and external heat source on improving blood flow. To address the aforementioned objectives, mathematical models were developed for blood flow and heat transfer with a source. The governing models were scaled using the dimensionless quantities, and the plaque area was derived from Dominguez [28], in which it was incorporated into the governing equations. The governing equations were further reduced to ordinary differential equations using the perturbation method, and the subsequent ordinary differential equations were solved using the method of undermined coefficients, and the constants obtained with the help of the matrix method using the boundary conditions. Furthermore, simulation was carried out to study the effect of the pertinent parameters using Wolfram Mathematica, a computational software. From the simulated results, it is seen that the entering parameters such as magnetic field parameter, the Reynolds number, Womersley number, oscillatory frequency parameter, and permeability parameter all affect the blood velocity and temperature profiles, showing significant impactful results that are useful to both mathematicians and clinicians.
{"title":"Oscillatory Blood Flow and Embolitic Plaque Effect Through a Microchannel with Metabolic Heat and Magnetic Field","authors":"K. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.147","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to investigate an embolitic plaque effect on blood flow through a microchannel and the impact of the magnetic field, metabolic heat, and external heat source on improving blood flow. To address the aforementioned objectives, mathematical models were developed for blood flow and heat transfer with a source. The governing models were scaled using the dimensionless quantities, and the plaque area was derived from Dominguez [28], in which it was incorporated into the governing equations. The governing equations were further reduced to ordinary differential equations using the perturbation method, and the subsequent ordinary differential equations were solved using the method of undermined coefficients, and the constants obtained with the help of the matrix method using the boundary conditions. Furthermore, simulation was carried out to study the effect of the pertinent parameters using Wolfram Mathematica, a computational software. From the simulated results, it is seen that the entering parameters such as magnetic field parameter, the Reynolds number, Womersley number, oscillatory frequency parameter, and permeability parameter all affect the blood velocity and temperature profiles, showing significant impactful results that are useful to both mathematicians and clinicians.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126094849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.139
I. P. Etim, E. Inyang, E. A. Thompson
The performance characteristics of the digital pulse processor (DPP) as a low power pulse processor for gamma-ray semiconductor detector were analyzed. The FWHM energy resolution of the germanium detector was obtained as 0.35 and is in proper range of published value. The pulse resolution for peaking time of 0.8 obtained to be 1.16 respectively. A good range was obtained for the residual energy at various energy peaks. This lie between -2.3 KeV and 1.3KeV.The optimum peaking time was obtained at 6 μs where the FWHM goes through a minimum value from the plot of FWHM against peaking time. The dead time plot gave a linear fit for a peaking time of 3.2 μs and a curve at 19.2 μs.
{"title":"Digital Data Acquisition for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy","authors":"I. P. Etim, E. Inyang, E. A. Thompson","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.139","url":null,"abstract":"The performance characteristics of the digital pulse processor (DPP) as a low power pulse processor for gamma-ray semiconductor detector were analyzed. The FWHM energy resolution of the germanium detector was obtained as 0.35 and is in proper range of published value. The pulse resolution for peaking time of 0.8 obtained to be 1.16 respectively. A good range was obtained for the residual energy at various energy peaks. This lie between -2.3 KeV and 1.3KeV.The optimum peaking time was obtained at 6 μs where the FWHM goes through a minimum value from the plot of FWHM against peaking time. The dead time plot gave a linear fit for a peaking time of 3.2 μs and a curve at 19.2 μs.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124531104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.142
Naveen Weerasekera, Siyu Cao, Laksman Perera
In this paper, utilization of density functional theory (DFT) to obtain mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of crystalline materials are reviewed. DFT has resulted as an efficient tool for predicting ground states of many body systems thus aiding in resolving dispersion spectrums of complex atomic arrangements where solution by traditional Schr dinger (SH) equation is infeasible. Great success has been reported by previous researchers on utilizing DFT for functional property predictions of crystalline solids.
{"title":"Functional Property Evaluation of Crystalline Materials using Density Functional Theory: A Review","authors":"Naveen Weerasekera, Siyu Cao, Laksman Perera","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.142","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, utilization of density functional theory (DFT) to obtain mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of crystalline materials are reviewed. DFT has resulted as an efficient tool for predicting ground states of many body systems thus aiding in resolving dispersion spectrums of complex atomic arrangements where solution by traditional Schr dinger (SH) equation is infeasible. Great success has been reported by previous researchers on utilizing DFT for functional property predictions of crystalline solids.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-08DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.144
E. Haug
Today, the speed of light is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. It is the maximum speed limit for transferring information, and plays a very central role in relativity theory. It also seems to be the same as the assumed and measured speed of gravity (gravitons and/or gravitational waves). We are not questioning the speed of light, as we indeed think it is the maximum speed limit and that it is identical to the speed ofgravity, but we also think photons lead us to a second speed limit, which we will term the Planck speed. Photon-photon collisions are part of modern physics, but what is not discussed is the speed of two photons during the very moment of a photon-photon collision. How can photons move during a collision? Or, assumea photon is reflected by a mirror; to do so it must collide with the building blocks of the mirror, yet how can it be moving during the very collision point? Also, modern physics assumes mass can be created in a photon-photon collision. We suggest this mass is the Planck mass particle and that it only lasts one Planck time, so when two photons collide, we will claim they must stand still for the direct observer. That is, we suggest thatthe speed of the Planck mass particle is always zero, but that this zero-velocity can only last for one Planck time. That it only lasts one Planck time means it will not break with the relativity principle or Lorenz symmetry, or at least what we can call weak Lorentz symmetry. We will show that the missing Plank mass particle is the very collision point between two photons, and that this is fully in line with predictions in other researchers’ findings in relation to the possible photon mass. This new view seems to solve the missing mass-gap, and seems able to unify gravity with quantum mechanics. This again seems to unify photons with mass, because one of the long-outstanding questions in physics is whether photons have mass or not. In addition, we showhow to find, in a very simple way directly from gravitational observations, lp/tp= cg = c, which is the upper speed limit (the speed of light and gravity) independent of any knowledge of G or ~ or c.
{"title":"Planck Speed: the Missing Speed of Physics? Absolute Still Without Breaking Lorentz Symmetry!","authors":"E. Haug","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Today, the speed of light is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. It is the maximum speed limit for transferring information, and plays a very central role in relativity theory. It also seems to be the same as the assumed and measured speed of gravity (gravitons and/or gravitational waves). We are not questioning the speed of light, as we indeed think it is the maximum speed limit and that it is identical to the speed ofgravity, but we also think photons lead us to a second speed limit, which we will term the Planck speed. Photon-photon collisions are part of modern physics, but what is not discussed is the speed of two photons during the very moment of a photon-photon collision. How can photons move during a collision? Or, assumea photon is reflected by a mirror; to do so it must collide with the building blocks of the mirror, yet how can it be moving during the very collision point? Also, modern physics assumes mass can be created in a photon-photon collision. We suggest this mass is the Planck mass particle and that it only lasts one Planck time, so when two photons collide, we will claim they must stand still for the direct observer. That is, we suggest thatthe speed of the Planck mass particle is always zero, but that this zero-velocity can only last for one Planck time. That it only lasts one Planck time means it will not break with the relativity principle or Lorenz symmetry, or at least what we can call weak Lorentz symmetry. We will show that the missing Plank mass particle is the very collision point between two photons, and that this is fully in line with predictions in other researchers’ findings in relation to the possible photon mass. This new view seems to solve the missing mass-gap, and seems able to unify gravity with quantum mechanics. This again seems to unify photons with mass, because one of the long-outstanding questions in physics is whether photons have mass or not. In addition, we showhow to find, in a very simple way directly from gravitational observations, lp/tp= cg = c, which is the upper speed limit (the speed of light and gravity) independent of any knowledge of G or ~ or c. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125525960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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