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The Sports Hero in the Social Imaginary. Identity, Community, Ritual and Myth 社会想象中的体育英雄。身份,社区,仪式和神话
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138110
Luca Bifulco, Mario Tirino
This paper aims to introduce the sociological processes and mechanisms defining the social imaginary of sports hero, who is a sportsperson acquiring a special status by virtues of his/her extraordinary and exemplary skills, achievements and biography. The sports hero inspires long-term identification and he is symbol of a community, of its values, ideas and collective meanings, while his body incorporates socially appreciated and celebrated qualities. In the dramaturgical and ritual dimension of sport, an athlete can become a collective symbol, and, over time, an hero with mythical features. However, it is only through media narratives that a sportsperson can be heroic and mythical. Thus, the social imaginary in the narrative construction of the sports hero as a central role. The stories revitalise myths, archetypes and beliefs displaying human passions, ambitions, contradictions, conflicts and so on.
本文旨在介绍体育英雄的社会想象的社会学过程和机制,体育英雄是指由于其非凡的和模范的技能、成就和传记而获得特殊地位的运动员。体育英雄激发了长期的认同,他是一个社区的象征,它的价值观、思想和集体意义,而他的身体包含了社会欣赏和庆祝的品质。在体育的戏剧和仪式层面上,运动员可以成为一个集体的象征,随着时间的推移,一个具有神话特征的英雄。然而,只有通过媒体叙事,一个运动员才能成为英雄和神话。由此可见,社会想象在叙事建构中把体育英雄作为中心角色。这些故事复兴了神话、原型和信仰,展现了人类的激情、野心、矛盾、冲突等等。
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引用次数: 4
Il surfista, eroe romantico nell’Australia contemporanea. Un’analisi etnografica a partire dal caso della Gold Coast 冲浪者,当代澳大利亚的浪漫英雄。从黄金海岸案例开始的人种学分析
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138113
D. Nardini
Through the ethnographic analysis of surf culture on the Gold Coast, this paper examines the relevance of the surfer’s image in Australia’s representations. In fact, surfing epitomises some of the cultural traits that symbolically define the national identity such as the relation with nature, the beach, fitness and “larrikism”.  Among these qualities, bravery represents the cornerstone of an exclusive and mainly manly — and white — sporting culture. As a seductive echo of the Romantic hero, surfers embody the ideal appeal of “fun” and freedom, as well as the competitive attitude of sport and the athletic allure of youth; with no contradictions, they also exemplify the individualism of the “neoliberalist ethos”, a virile kind of brotherhood and the discriminating dynamics which have characterized the history of sport in Australia. The Gold Coast is an ideal context to observe these processes  in fieri , for its role in promoting competitive surfing and surfers’ representations in the Country.
通过对黄金海岸冲浪文化的民族志分析,本文考察了冲浪者形象在澳大利亚表现中的相关性。事实上,冲浪是一些文化特征的缩影,这些文化特征象征性地定义了一个民族的身份,比如与自然、海滩、健身和“larrikism”的关系。在这些品质中,勇敢代表了一种独特的、主要由男性和白人组成的体育文化的基石。冲浪者是浪漫主义英雄的诱人回声,体现了“乐趣”和自由的理想诉求,也体现了运动的竞争态度和青年的运动魅力;没有矛盾,他们也体现了“新自由主义精神”的个人主义,一种男子气概的兄弟情谊和歧视性的动力,这些都是澳大利亚体育史的特征。黄金海岸是观察这些过程的理想场所,因为它在促进竞争冲浪和冲浪者在该国的代表方面发挥了作用。
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引用次数: 3
Eroe sportivo e memoria collettiva. Bartali nella letteratura per ragazzi: un paradigma culturale della generazione postmemory. 体育英雄和集体记忆。儿童文学中的巴塔利:记忆后一代的文化范式。
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138114
Monica Musolino
This paper analyses the relationship between sporting heroes and collective memory, through a specific case study: the Gino Bartali biography. Usually, this type of narrative is referring to sporting heroes and their extraordinary performances and successes; instead, in this case, we talk about Bartali not only as a sporting hero but also in the context of relevant national historic events, defining more clearly the relationship between memory and history. In this paper, we analyse the post memory studies (Hirsch, 2012) wherever these scholars use the human and sporting champion biographies to pass down human and political value-based messages to younger generations. In other words, the social memory (Halbwachs) will be used to build a generational imaginary.
本文通过吉诺·巴尔塔利传记这一具体案例,分析了体育英雄与集体记忆之间的关系。通常,这种类型的叙述是指体育英雄和他们非凡的表现和成功;相反,在这种情况下,我们谈论巴尔塔利不仅作为一个体育英雄,而且在相关的国家历史事件的背景下,更清楚地定义记忆和历史之间的关系。在本文中,我们分析了后记忆研究(Hirsch, 2012),无论这些学者使用人类和体育冠军传记将人类和政治价值信息传递给年轻一代。换句话说,社会记忆(Halbwachs)将被用来建立代际想象。
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引用次数: 0
Roland Barthes and the “beauty of speed”: sports as a Futurist myth 罗兰·巴特与“速度之美”:作为未来主义神话的体育
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138119
Andrea Lombardinilo
The paper deals with Roland Barthes’ interpretation of sports as a contemporary myth, becoming a semiotic and communicative medium with the approach of consumer society. In particular, the paper dwells on the transformation of motor racing into a collective myth, in accordance with Marinetti’s celebration of speed. The texts arranged by Barthes for the documentary directed by Aubert Aquin ( Les sport et les hommes , 1960-1961) enable an analysis of the diffusion of sports as a mere collective business. Therefore, the paper revolves around Barthes’ ability to elaborate a theoretical framework suitable for the study of contemporary myths, in line with the Futurist “beauty of speed”. Juan Manuel Fangio embodied the real social myth, nowadays enhanced by Luis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel. The latter won the 2018 edition of the F1 Canadian Gp forty years after Gilles Villeneuve reached his first victory. The deaths of Villeneuve and Senna and Schumacher’s serious injury attest that speed has become an effective social myth, suspended between risks and immortality.
本文探讨了罗兰·巴特对体育作为一个当代神话的解读,随着消费社会的临近,体育成为一种符号学和交际媒介。特别地,这篇论文详述了赛车变成一个集体神话的转变,与马里内蒂对速度的庆祝相一致。巴特为奥伯特·阿奎因(Les sport et Les hommes, 1960-1961)导演的纪录片(Les sport et Les hommes, 1960-1961)整理的文本使人们能够分析体育的传播仅仅是一项集体事业。因此,本文围绕巴特的能力来阐述一个适合当代神话研究的理论框架,符合未来主义的“速度之美”。胡安·曼努埃尔·方吉奥体现了真正的社会神话,如今又被路易斯·汉密尔顿和塞巴斯蒂安·维特尔所强化。后者在吉尔斯·维伦纽夫获得第一场胜利40年后赢得了2018年版的F1加拿大大奖赛。维伦纽夫和塞纳的死亡以及舒马赫的严重受伤证明,速度已经成为一个有效的社会神话,悬在风险和不朽之间。
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引用次数: 0
” We are the Superhumans!” Sport e disabilità: gli eroi inabili “我们是超人!”体育与残疾:残疾英雄
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138120
Isabella Quatera
The social  representations of phenomena arise and develop through the processes of interaction and communication within a collectivity. The sport performance, moreover, is nothing more than a series of microstories whose protagonists are heroes that convey both the values of sports practice, connoted in the medial dimension of testimonial, and the maximum exaltation of the exceptionality of the act sports in itself, to become true icons in the social imagination. Based on the Foucauldian concept of bio power, the great sports movement of the Paralympics, developed in recent decades, has become a worldwide event. What has changed about the "deformed body"? Are we rediscovering a central figure, in social narratives: the disabled hero? Are they wounded heroes who do not give up, whose prostheses seem magical bows, such as that of Philoctetes (Sophocles) or superhumans cyborgs with exceptional talents?
现象的社会表征是通过集体内部的互动和交流过程产生和发展的。此外,体育表演只不过是一系列的微观故事,其主角是英雄,这些故事既传达了体育实践的价值,隐含在证明的媒介维度中,又最大限度地提高了体育行为本身的独特性,成为社会想象中的真正偶像。基于福柯的生物力概念,近几十年来发展起来的残奥会这一伟大的体育运动已经成为世界性的盛事。“变形的身体”发生了什么变化?我们是否在社会叙事中重新发现了一个中心人物:残疾英雄?他们是受伤的英雄,不放弃,他们的义肢像神奇的弓,如菲罗克忒忒斯(索福克勒斯)或具有特殊才能的超人类半机械人?
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引用次数: 1
Tra serve and volley: l’immaginario eroico di Stefan Edberg 在发球和排雷之间,斯蒂芬·埃德伯格想象中的英雄
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7413/22818138117
Vincenzo Del Gaudio, P. Diana
This work intends to investigate the figure of Stefan Edberg from two perspectives: on the one hand the icon of Edberg within the sporting imagery in relation with the hero mythology, and on the other, starting from the particular development of the Serve and volley, as it can make us understand tennis in a mediological key. This analysis must therefore take into account the technical-tactical characteristics of Edberg's game and the relationships that the Swedish tennis player has had with the media who have built the character (Marchesini 2016). The purpose of the article is to trace the particular heroic substance of Edberg suspended between the shine of the classical hero and the duplicity of the modern hero. This heroic substance is investigated also starting from the figure that the media have built of the Swedish tennis player.
本研究试图从两个角度来考察斯蒂芬·埃德伯格的形象:一方面,埃德伯格在与英雄神话相关的体育意象中的形象;另一方面,从发球和截击的特殊发展开始,因为它可以让我们以一种媒介的方式来理解网球。因此,这种分析必须考虑到Edberg比赛的技战术特征,以及这位瑞典网球运动员与塑造了这个角色的媒体之间的关系(Marchesini 2016)。本文的目的在于探究艾德伯格在古典英雄的光辉与现代英雄的两面派之间所具有的独特的英雄本质。这种英雄般的物质也从媒体建立的瑞典网球运动员的形象开始调查。
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引用次数: 0
Il re nascosto digitale. I media tra costruzione mediata del reale e mediazione radicale 数字隐藏之王。在现实的中介构建和激进的中介之间的媒介
Pub Date : 2018-02-19 DOI: 10.7413/22818138106
Mario Tirino
The Digital Hidden King. Media Among Mediatized Construction of Reality and Radical Mediation. The paper intends to explore Georg Simmel’s concept of “hidden king”, as central concept of a given era. Therefore, we analyze the concepts of “mediated construction of reality” (Couldry, Hepp 2016) and “radical mediation” (Grusin 2017), which, in our opinion, can be conceived as the “hidden king” of contemporary digital society. The massive digitization of contemporary society and culture has led to deep mediatization (Hepp, Hasebrink 2018). Therefore, digital media have helped to redefine the forms of knowledge, time and spaces of social life. In this context, Couldry and Hepp rethought the constructionism of Berger and Luckmann and the figurative sociology of Norbert Elias, in a new theoretical framework based on the centrality of the media in the construction of social symbols and collective interactions. Starting from similar bases, Richard Grusin (2015) elaborates the concept of radical mediation. Overcoming the separation between subject and object, Grusin defines mediation “as the process, action, or event that generates or provides the conditions for the emergence of subjects and objects, for the individuation of entities within the world”. Furthermore, mediation operates not by neutrally reproducing meaning or information, but “by actively transforming human and nonhuman actants, as well as their conceptual and affective states”. Mediation is thus conceived as the constitutive dimension of every relationship or contact between human and non-human actants, objects and subjects, technical media and forms of biological life. In the last part of the paper, we try to highlight the vitality of Simmel’s sociology, able to dialogue with the mediological theories of Grusin and Couldry and Hepp.
数字隐藏之王。媒介在中介化的现实建构与激进中介中的作用。本文旨在探讨乔治·西美尔的“隐王”概念作为一个特定时代的中心概念。因此,我们分析了“现实的中介建构”(Couldry, Hepp 2016)和“激进的中介”(Grusin 2017)这两个概念,我们认为这两个概念可以被认为是当代数字社会的“隐形之王”。当代社会和文化的大规模数字化导致了深度媒体化(Hepp, Hasebrink 2018)。因此,数字媒体有助于重新定义社会生活的知识形式、时间和空间。在这一背景下,库尔德里和赫普在基于媒介在社会符号和集体互动建构中的中心地位的新理论框架中,重新思考了伯杰和卢克曼的建构主义以及诺伯特·埃利亚斯的具象社会学。Richard Grusin(2015)从类似的基础出发,阐述了激进调解的概念。格鲁辛克服了主体与客体的分离,将中介定义为“为主体和客体的出现、为世界内实体的个性化产生或提供条件的过程、行动或事件”。此外,中介不是通过中立地再现意义或信息来运作的,而是“通过积极地改变人类和非人类行为体,以及他们的概念和情感状态”。因此,调解被认为是人类和非人类行为者、客体和主体、技术媒介和生物生活形式之间的每一种关系或接触的构成维度。在文章的最后一部分,我们试图突出齐美尔的社会学的生命力,能够与格鲁辛、库尔德里和赫普的媒介学理论进行对话。
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引用次数: 0
La bocca del male. Cannibalismo, estetizzazione e performatività nell'ecosistema narrativo di Hannibal Lecter 邪恶之口。汉尼拔·莱克特叙事生态系统中的同类相食、美学和变形
Pub Date : 2017-07-12 DOI: 10.7413/22818138088
Mario Tirino
The Mouth of Evil. Cannibalism, Aestheticization and Performativity in the Narrative Ecosystem of Hannibal Lecter. The paper explores from a socio-cultural perspective how the theme of cannibalism is used in the narrative ecosystem focused on Hannibal Lecter (four novels by Thomas Harris, five films, a television series). The imaginary related to food in this transmedial ecosystem illustrates the path that goes from procuring to preparation until consumption. In this key, the paper analyses the ways moral norms of a given era identify some relationships with food as normatively acceptable, while classifying others as "abnormal", referring to cannibal cultures (Kilgour 1990). Novels, films, and ABC series are analyzed according to two functions associated with the cannibalistic gesture (Arens 2001): the symbolic function associated with eating human flesh and the aestheticizing function. Finally, the paper debates the figure of the cannibalistic killer in ABC tv show, as a paradigmatic example of the transition from the classical hero to the postclassic hero (Cano-Gomez 2012) and the representation of evil in terms of identity performance, in the wider context of the post-seriality television (Brancato 2011).
邪恶之口。《汉尼拔》叙事生态系统中的食人、审美化与表演性。本文从社会文化的角度探讨了以汉尼拔为中心的叙事生态系统(托马斯·哈里斯的四本小说,五部电影,一部电视剧)中食人主题的运用。在这个跨媒介生态系统中,与食物有关的想象说明了从采购到准备再到消费的过程。在这个关键中,本文分析了特定时代的道德规范如何将某些与食物的关系确定为规范可接受的,而将其他关系归类为“不正常”,指的是食人文化(Kilgour 1990)。小说、电影和ABC电视剧都是根据食人手势的两种功能来分析的(阿伦斯2001):吃人肉的象征功能和审美功能。最后,本文讨论了ABC电视节目中食人杀手的形象,作为一个典型的例子,从古典英雄到后经典英雄的过渡(Cano-Gomez 2012)和邪恶在身份表现方面的表现,在后连续剧电视的更广泛背景下(Brancato 2011)。
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引用次数: 1
Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Discourse Analysis: In Conversation with Gerlinde Mautner and Alan Partington 话语分析的定性与定量结合:与格林德·莫特纳和艾伦·帕廷顿对话
Pub Date : 2017-07-12 DOI: 10.7413/22818138095
Antonio Fruttaldo, M. Cambria
The essay contains an interview to Gerlinde Mautner (WU − Vienna University) and Alan Partington (University of Bologna) given during the 2016 Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines (CADAAD) International Conference. The aim of the contribution is to critically discuss contemporary issues linked to the qualitative and quantitative approaches divide in linguistic research. These two notions are strickly connected and related to the broader category of the social imaginary since they are both a construct but also help shape academic research. Therefore, the following interview will tackle these issues in linguistic research and raise several questions concerning what both Corpus Linguistics and Discourse Analysis are but also about the nature of language analysis itself and, more specifically, the role of quantitative and qualitative analyses in linguistics.
这篇文章包含了对Gerlinde Mautner(维也纳大学)和Alan Partington(博洛尼亚大学)在2016年跨学科话语分析批判方法(CADAAD)国际会议上的采访。贡献的目的是批判性地讨论与语言学研究中定性和定量方法分歧相关的当代问题。这两个概念紧密相连,与更广泛的社会想象范畴相关,因为它们都是一种建构,但也有助于塑造学术研究。因此,下面的访谈将解决语言学研究中的这些问题,并提出几个问题,包括语料库语言学和话语分析是什么,以及语言分析本身的本质,更具体地说,定量和定性分析在语言学中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Sovereign Violence and the Power of Acting – (Imagining the Unsovereign Law) 主权暴力与行为人的权力——(对非主权法律的想象)
Pub Date : 2016-09-20 DOI: 10.7413/22818138069
B. Gullì
Starting from Kant’s distinction between private and public reason, the idea is to challenge the meaning of political intervention today, political discourse. What is to be a scholar in the digital age? What are the limits of the law, and how can one speak of an alternative, unsovereign law? What is to resist subjection and build the new? True maturity and freedom cannot be reconciled with blind obedience and docility in the private sphere. Only lives guided by reason in Spinoza’s sense can overcome the logics of coercion and consent, both leading into subjection and servitude. Yet, for this, it is necessary to think about the role of contingency and the desire for freedom.
从康德对私人理性和公共理性的区分出发,这个想法是要挑战今天政治干预的意义,政治话语。在数字时代,怎样才能成为一名学者?法律的限制是什么,人们怎么能谈论另一种非主权的法律?什么是抵制奴役,建立新的?真正的成熟和自由不能与私人领域的盲目服从和温顺相调和。只有在斯宾诺莎意义上的理性指导下的生活,才能克服强制和同意的逻辑,这两者都会导致臣服和奴役。然而,为此,有必要考虑偶然性的作用和对自由的渴望。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Im@go. A Journal of the Social Imaginary
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