The authors describe the development of the basics for the determination of the maximum obtainable switching frequencies of a 20 kW, 820 V/50 V full-bridge DC-DC converter designed with (second-generation) 1200 V/50 A IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors). Because the turn-on losses can be almost completely avoided by phase-shift PWM (pulse-width modulation), emphasis is placed on the determination of the turn-off losses. The dependencies of the switching power losses per switching cycle on the load condition and on the junction temperature are investigated for the following cases: simple PWM (switching without snubber), switching with capacitive parallel branch (turn-off snubber network), and force commutation of the power electronic switches using a commutation circuit (zero-current switching). The results obtained indicate the possibility of rating the overall effort linked to a given operating mode of the power electronic devices. The limits of the operating region of the converter system can also be determined.<>
作者描述了用(第二代)1200 V/50 a igbt(绝缘栅双极晶体管)设计的20 kW, 820 V/50 V全桥DC-DC转换器的最大可获得开关频率的基本原理的发展。由于相移PWM(脉宽调制)几乎可以完全避免导通损耗，因此重点放在关断损耗的确定上。研究了简单PWM(无缓冲器开关)、容性并联支路开关(关断缓冲器网络)和使用整流电路强制整流的电力电子开关(零电流开关)三种情况下，每个开关周期的开关功率损耗与负载条件和结温的关系。所获得的结果表明，评定与电力电子设备的给定工作模式有关的总努力的可能性。还可以确定变流器系统工作区域的极限。
{"title":"Analysis of turn-off behavior and switching losses of a 1200 V/50 A zero-voltage or zero-current switched IGBT","authors":"J. Kolar, H. Ertl, L. L. Erhartt, F. Zach","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178060","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the development of the basics for the determination of the maximum obtainable switching frequencies of a 20 kW, 820 V/50 V full-bridge DC-DC converter designed with (second-generation) 1200 V/50 A IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors). Because the turn-on losses can be almost completely avoided by phase-shift PWM (pulse-width modulation), emphasis is placed on the determination of the turn-off losses. The dependencies of the switching power losses per switching cycle on the load condition and on the junction temperature are investigated for the following cases: simple PWM (switching without snubber), switching with capacitive parallel branch (turn-off snubber network), and force commutation of the power electronic switches using a commutation circuit (zero-current switching). The results obtained indicate the possibility of rating the overall effort linked to a given operating mode of the power electronic devices. The limits of the operating region of the converter system can also be determined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"312 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132340933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hirano, M. Yokoyama, M. Tomiku, T. Kuno, S. Ogata, Y. Kawashima
A coil feeder has been developed which permits the use of coiled bar stocks for hot-forging facilities to manufacture nuts and other parts of automobiles. This coil-feeder for hot-formers was developed with a high-accuracy frequency control system. It consists of an uncoiler, a straightener, and a pair of pinch rollers. This system improves the product yield rate dramatically compared with conventional feeders while maintaining high product quality. The control equipment is described, and test results are presented.<>
{"title":"Controls and drives of coil feeder for hot formers","authors":"M. Hirano, M. Yokoyama, M. Tomiku, T. Kuno, S. Ogata, Y. Kawashima","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178008","url":null,"abstract":"A coil feeder has been developed which permits the use of coiled bar stocks for hot-forging facilities to manufacture nuts and other parts of automobiles. This coil-feeder for hot-formers was developed with a high-accuracy frequency control system. It consists of an uncoiler, a straightener, and a pair of pinch rollers. This system improves the product yield rate dramatically compared with conventional feeders while maintaining high product quality. The control equipment is described, and test results are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134274460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to store fresh fruits or vegetables, exhaled ethylene gas should be removed. Pulsed streamer corona discharge has been applied for this purpose. Ethylene of 20 ppm concentration diluted in the air can be effectively removed with more than 99.5% efficiency with a treatment period of 0.3 s. It was experimentally confirmed that the energy efficiency of the ethylene removal with pulsed streamer corona discharge generated by the fast-rising square wave voltage was four times higher than that with the DC corona discharge, and eight times higher than that with the AC corona discharge.<>
{"title":"Removal of ethylene by steamer corona discharge","authors":"Y. Kamase, T. Nagahama, A. Mizuno","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178322","url":null,"abstract":"In order to store fresh fruits or vegetables, exhaled ethylene gas should be removed. Pulsed streamer corona discharge has been applied for this purpose. Ethylene of 20 ppm concentration diluted in the air can be effectively removed with more than 99.5% efficiency with a treatment period of 0.3 s. It was experimentally confirmed that the energy efficiency of the ethylene removal with pulsed streamer corona discharge generated by the fast-rising square wave voltage was four times higher than that with the DC corona discharge, and eight times higher than that with the AC corona discharge.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127575960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors explore the possibility of the application of high temperature superconductors (HTSC) along with microprocessors in the field of monitoring, control, and protection of a separately excited control, and protection of a separately excited DC machine. In this system, the microprocessor receives the signal for the measurement of current and eventual control and protection against overcurrent from a single sensor realized using an HTSC. The proposed scheme will have very little power loss compared to the existing scheme, the signal is free from noise contamination, and the speed of response and reliability are improved. The only disadvantage is that the sensor must be immersed in liquid nitrogen and the current should not exceed the critical current of the HTSC sensor used.<>
{"title":"HTSC controlled DC motor with protection using microprocessor","authors":"S. C. Kar, G. Sarkar, S. Basu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178094","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explore the possibility of the application of high temperature superconductors (HTSC) along with microprocessors in the field of monitoring, control, and protection of a separately excited control, and protection of a separately excited DC machine. In this system, the microprocessor receives the signal for the measurement of current and eventual control and protection against overcurrent from a single sensor realized using an HTSC. The proposed scheme will have very little power loss compared to the existing scheme, the signal is free from noise contamination, and the speed of response and reliability are improved. The only disadvantage is that the sensor must be immersed in liquid nitrogen and the current should not exceed the critical current of the HTSC sensor used.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130766562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general technique is presented for the piecewise linearization of optimal pulse width modulation strategies, from which a near-optimal switching strategy, able to be computed online in real-time by relatively low performance microprocessors, can be developed. The linearization technique replaces the switching patterns of an optimal PWM strategy with a series of piecewise linear segments, selected using a sensitivity analysis to minimize the generated harmonics, and these linear segments are used to create the online switching algorithm. The linearization technique is presented, along with experimental results which show the application of the technique to a particular optimal PWM switching strategy, applied to a SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage system) system.<>
{"title":"A method for linearising optimal PWM switching strategies to enable their computation on-line in real-time","authors":"Q. Jiang, D. G. Holmes, D. Giesner","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178333","url":null,"abstract":"A general technique is presented for the piecewise linearization of optimal pulse width modulation strategies, from which a near-optimal switching strategy, able to be computed online in real-time by relatively low performance microprocessors, can be developed. The linearization technique replaces the switching patterns of an optimal PWM strategy with a series of piecewise linear segments, selected using a sensitivity analysis to minimize the generated harmonics, and these linear segments are used to create the online switching algorithm. The linearization technique is presented, along with experimental results which show the application of the technique to a particular optimal PWM switching strategy, applied to a SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage system) system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130843547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A torque control system for DDM (direct drive motor) with a permanent magnet rotor equipped with a torque observer implemented by software of a digital signal processor is proposed. The speed fluctuation against a disturbance can be fully removed with a torque feedforward loop. It is shown that the direct motor control system with a torque observer gives a superior speed control characteristics. Furthermore, the system has a robustness against disturbing torque and a variation of mechanical parameters.<>
{"title":"Auto-compensation of torque ripple of DD motor by torque observer","authors":"Nobuyuki Matsui, T. Makino, H. Satoh","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178171","url":null,"abstract":"A torque control system for DDM (direct drive motor) with a permanent magnet rotor equipped with a torque observer implemented by software of a digital signal processor is proposed. The speed fluctuation against a disturbance can be fully removed with a torque feedforward loop. It is shown that the direct motor control system with a torque observer gives a superior speed control characteristics. Furthermore, the system has a robustness against disturbing torque and a variation of mechanical parameters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130929232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experimental study of an observer-based closed-loop speed control scheme sensitivity to load torque disturbances, drive parameter variations, and observer pole location is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. These results demonstrate the observer-controller separation principle as well. The effect of observer design on estimation convergence from zero initial conditions is shown. The effectiveness of computing the position of the shaft from the observed speed is also tested by comparing the computed signal with the output of a shaft position sensor.<>
{"title":"Experimental study of an observer-based shaft sensorless variable speed drive","authors":"P. Nandam, G. F. Cummings, W. Dunford","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178185","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study of an observer-based closed-loop speed control scheme sensitivity to load torque disturbances, drive parameter variations, and observer pole location is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. These results demonstrate the observer-controller separation principle as well. The effect of observer design on estimation convergence from zero initial conditions is shown. The effectiveness of computing the position of the shaft from the observed speed is also tested by comparing the computed signal with the output of a shaft position sensor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128831324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of an additional field winding on the quadrature axis of the rotor of a synchronous generator in suppressing undesirable sustained oscillations experienced in multimachine power system is investigated. A small-perturbation model for interconnected power systems with dually excited synchronous machines is developed. A two-level optimal control strategy incorporating controls both on the direct and quadrature axes field windings is developed. A 3-machine, 9-bus power system was selected for studying the dynamic behavior of multimachine systems when stabilizing signals both on the direct and quadrature axes of the various machines are used. From a number of case studies it has been observed that an appropriate additional control in the quadrature axis enhances the stability of the system substantially.<>
{"title":"Dual-axis supplementary controllers for multi-machine power systems","authors":"Y. Abdel-Magid, A. Rahim, M. Al-Yadoumi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178081","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of an additional field winding on the quadrature axis of the rotor of a synchronous generator in suppressing undesirable sustained oscillations experienced in multimachine power system is investigated. A small-perturbation model for interconnected power systems with dually excited synchronous machines is developed. A two-level optimal control strategy incorporating controls both on the direct and quadrature axes field windings is developed. A 3-machine, 9-bus power system was selected for studying the dynamic behavior of multimachine systems when stabilizing signals both on the direct and quadrature axes of the various machines are used. From a number of case studies it has been observed that an appropriate additional control in the quadrature axis enhances the stability of the system substantially.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124109444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present the practical issues and design limits found by rigorous implementation of acceleration feedback in a DSP (digital signal processor)-based controller for a 5-axis industrial robot. They identify and quantify the effects of the feedback transducer and their interfaces in implementing acceleration feedback as part of a digital motion controller. Extensive experimental results document the performance issues which are fundamental to proper application of acceleration feedback in robot motion control.<>
{"title":"Implementation of a DSP-based, acceleration feedback robot controller: practical issues and design limits","authors":"M.H. Moatemri, P. Schmidt, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178047","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the practical issues and design limits found by rigorous implementation of acceleration feedback in a DSP (digital signal processor)-based controller for a 5-axis industrial robot. They identify and quantify the effects of the feedback transducer and their interfaces in implementing acceleration feedback as part of a digital motion controller. Extensive experimental results document the performance issues which are fundamental to proper application of acceleration feedback in robot motion control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124386597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of the development of an expert system software to assist motor and generator users in assessing the insulation condition of their machines. The machine insulation condition assessment advisor (MICAA) is a user-friendly PC-based software package designed for use by rotating machine maintenance personnel. The expert system leads the engineer through an assessment of a particular machine and provides diagnostic advice about necessary repairs or replacement of components. In addition, the expert system maintains a database of machine diagnosis and repairs for use in subsequent analyses.<>
{"title":"Development of an expert system to diagnose motor insulation condition","authors":"B. Lloyd, G. Stone, J. Stein","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178137","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the development of an expert system software to assist motor and generator users in assessing the insulation condition of their machines. The machine insulation condition assessment advisor (MICAA) is a user-friendly PC-based software package designed for use by rotating machine maintenance personnel. The expert system leads the engineer through an assessment of a particular machine and provides diagnostic advice about necessary repairs or replacement of components. In addition, the expert system maintains a database of machine diagnosis and repairs for use in subsequent analyses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124643202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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