The analysis presented shows that a variable frequency power supply can be used for speed control of single-phase induction motors which are equipped with auxiliary windings and capacitors. Using the standard scalar control technique for three-phase induction motors on the capacitor motor works best at relatively high frequencies, but the torque must be derated below about 50% of base frequency to yield a sufficient margin from breakdown torque and to prevent overheating the machine. The torque performance of the capacitor motors can be enhanced by altering the voltage-frequency control law. One method that provides good results is to control the voltage such that the internal power dissipation in the motor is held constant.<>
{"title":"Operating characteristics of single-phase capacitor motors driven from variable frequency supplies","authors":"E. R. Collins, R. Ashley","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178132","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis presented shows that a variable frequency power supply can be used for speed control of single-phase induction motors which are equipped with auxiliary windings and capacitors. Using the standard scalar control technique for three-phase induction motors on the capacitor motor works best at relatively high frequencies, but the torque must be derated below about 50% of base frequency to yield a sufficient margin from breakdown torque and to prevent overheating the machine. The torque performance of the capacitor motors can be enhanced by altering the voltage-frequency control law. One method that provides good results is to control the voltage such that the internal power dissipation in the motor is held constant.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114740840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high voltage source generating the fast rising square wave voltage has been developed for a high efficiency ozone generator. The voltage source incorporated a rotating spark gap switch. Lifetime of the voltage source is determined by erosion of the spark gap switch. In order to obtain a long life time, various electrode materials have been experimentally tested. Sintered tungsten with thorium dioxide has the smallest erosion rate among the materials tested in the experiment. Using this material as the switch, the high voltage source was constructed to operate an ozone generator with an ozone generating rate of 20 g/h.<>
{"title":"Pulsed high voltage source for ozone generator","authors":"Y. Kamase, M. Shimizu, T. Nagahama, A. Mizuno","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178312","url":null,"abstract":"A high voltage source generating the fast rising square wave voltage has been developed for a high efficiency ozone generator. The voltage source incorporated a rotating spark gap switch. Lifetime of the voltage source is determined by erosion of the spark gap switch. In order to obtain a long life time, various electrode materials have been experimentally tested. Sintered tungsten with thorium dioxide has the smallest erosion rate among the materials tested in the experiment. Using this material as the switch, the high voltage source was constructed to operate an ozone generator with an ozone generating rate of 20 g/h.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116742533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Chang, V. Lau, S. Howe, K. Jogan, P. Looy, T. Beuthe, T.G. Berezin, D. Galicki
High voltage DC electrohydrodynamic atomization characteristics of limestone-water slurries have been investigated experimentally using a hollow needle electrode nozzle. The results show that both the spray angle and the dispersion of the slurry droplets increases with increasing applied voltage. The mean diameter of the droplets decreases with increasing applied voltage. The results also seem to indicate that the applied voltage may also decrease the slurry flow rate from the nozzle in the present gravitationally fed system.<>
{"title":"Characterization of limestone-water slurry droplets generated by electrohydrodynamic atomization","authors":"J. Chang, V. Lau, S. Howe, K. Jogan, P. Looy, T. Beuthe, T.G. Berezin, D. Galicki","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178208","url":null,"abstract":"High voltage DC electrohydrodynamic atomization characteristics of limestone-water slurries have been investigated experimentally using a hollow needle electrode nozzle. The results show that both the spray angle and the dispersion of the slurry droplets increases with increasing applied voltage. The mean diameter of the droplets decreases with increasing applied voltage. The results also seem to indicate that the applied voltage may also decrease the slurry flow rate from the nozzle in the present gravitationally fed system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"55 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123138585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to high reliability, coverage, error latency, and retry time are important factors in the design of fault tolerant computer systems. In the proposed architecture, an error-reporting circuit and a faulty address latch are designed to detect the failure and to minimize the retry time, respectively. The MIL-HDBK-217E model is used to predict the failure rates of system module, processor module, memory module, and hard core. It is shown that the mission time improvement factor of the proposed system is almost independent of a given reliability. A Markov process model is used to evaluate the reliability and analyze the coverage, the error latency, and the retry time of the proposed system. The proposed architecture possesses short retry time, high reliability, high coverage, low error latency, and is well suited for real-time industry applications.<>
{"title":"On designing and evaluating a high reliability microcomputer system for real-time industry applications","authors":"Yen-Tseng Hsu, Chen-Fa Hsu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178096","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to high reliability, coverage, error latency, and retry time are important factors in the design of fault tolerant computer systems. In the proposed architecture, an error-reporting circuit and a faulty address latch are designed to detect the failure and to minimize the retry time, respectively. The MIL-HDBK-217E model is used to predict the failure rates of system module, processor module, memory module, and hard core. It is shown that the mission time improvement factor of the proposed system is almost independent of a given reliability. A Markov process model is used to evaluate the reliability and analyze the coverage, the error latency, and the retry time of the proposed system. The proposed architecture possesses short retry time, high reliability, high coverage, low error latency, and is well suited for real-time industry applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study has been made of the voltage-current characteristics of a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator geometry under clean air conditions. Helical wires have been used as corona electrodes. The studies were conducted with DC and DC superposed on nanosecond pulse. The repetitive pulses with a rise time of the order of nanoseconds were generated from a MARX type impulsive voltage generator. A comparative study of effect of pulse repetition rate, pulse width, and effect of DC bias has been made on the voltage-current characteristics. The obtained results were discussed and compared with previous investigations.<>
{"title":"Voltage-current characteristics of plate type precipitator geometry under combined DC/pulse energizations","authors":"B. Rajanikanth, B. Prabhakar","doi":"10.1109/ias.1991.178318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.1991.178318","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been made of the voltage-current characteristics of a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator geometry under clean air conditions. Helical wires have been used as corona electrodes. The studies were conducted with DC and DC superposed on nanosecond pulse. The repetitive pulses with a rise time of the order of nanoseconds were generated from a MARX type impulsive voltage generator. A comparative study of effect of pulse repetition rate, pulse width, and effect of DC bias has been made on the voltage-current characteristics. The obtained results were discussed and compared with previous investigations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121711696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes a simple gate-controlled circuit for a MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) in which the frequency, duty cycle, and pulse width are all controllable. The gate pulses generated are used to study the switching characteristics of an MCT connected in a DC chopper. Several experimental waveforms and a study of the variation of switching losses with gate pulse width are presented. It is shown that there is an increase in the switching losses with pulse width. There are also considerable oscillations both in the gate voltage and in the device voltage at higher frequencies, indicating the need for modifications in the drive circuit.<>
{"title":"Gate control circuit and switching characteristics of a MOS controll thyristor (MCT)","authors":"S. Yuvarajan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178067","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes a simple gate-controlled circuit for a MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) in which the frequency, duty cycle, and pulse width are all controllable. The gate pulses generated are used to study the switching characteristics of an MCT connected in a DC chopper. Several experimental waveforms and a study of the variation of switching losses with gate pulse width are presented. It is shown that there is an increase in the switching losses with pulse width. There are also considerable oscillations both in the gate voltage and in the device voltage at higher frequencies, indicating the need for modifications in the drive circuit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121430730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A design strategy for the combined power filter for a three-phase twelve-pulse thyristor rectifier is proposed. The shunt passive filter, which can minimize the output voltage of the series active filter, is designed and tested in a prototype model. A specially designed shunt passive filter makes it possible to reduce the required rating of the series active filter to 60% compared with a conventional shunt passive filter.<>
{"title":"Design strategy for the combined system of shunt passive and series active filters","authors":"Hideaki Fujita, Hirofumi Akagi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178344","url":null,"abstract":"A design strategy for the combined power filter for a three-phase twelve-pulse thyristor rectifier is proposed. The shunt passive filter, which can minimize the output voltage of the series active filter, is designed and tested in a prototype model. A specially designed shunt passive filter makes it possible to reduce the required rating of the series active filter to 60% compared with a conventional shunt passive filter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123994209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taguchi loss function methodology is used to evaluate process improvement economics relating to a minivan rear wheel alignment problem that is presumed to be correctable on the assembly line by application of automation. A customer perspective is presented wherein principal data are obtained from an actual case study. Pertinent factory costs are estimated for illustrative purposes to allow the consideration of a capital expenditure that is justified to minimize loss to society, i.e. the manufacturer and customers. Loss for both is calculated for three alternatives: do nothing; implement 100% product inspection and rework defectives; and implement process improvement automation. A case is made for a new category of justification for capital investments in factory equipment, namely, to increase measured value to customers.<>
{"title":"Factory automation economic justification by Taguchi method: automotive example","authors":"R. L. Horst","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178038","url":null,"abstract":"Taguchi loss function methodology is used to evaluate process improvement economics relating to a minivan rear wheel alignment problem that is presumed to be correctable on the assembly line by application of automation. A customer perspective is presented wherein principal data are obtained from an actual case study. Pertinent factory costs are estimated for illustrative purposes to allow the consideration of a capital expenditure that is justified to minimize loss to society, i.e. the manufacturer and customers. Loss for both is calculated for three alternatives: do nothing; implement 100% product inspection and rework defectives; and implement process improvement automation. A case is made for a new category of justification for capital investments in factory equipment, namely, to increase measured value to customers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125867836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe an application program, known as E FATALS, which was developed to facilitate analysis of the Mine Safety and Health Administration database of electrical fatalities in mining. E FATALS in a menu-driven and user-friendly program than can be executed on DOS-based personal computers. The advantages of using E FATALS for performing safety analyses are stated, and some examples of such usage are given.<>
{"title":"E FATALS-a computer program for the analysis of electrocutions in the mining industry","authors":"J. Kohler, A. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178022","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe an application program, known as E FATALS, which was developed to facilitate analysis of the Mine Safety and Health Administration database of electrical fatalities in mining. E FATALS in a menu-driven and user-friendly program than can be executed on DOS-based personal computers. The advantages of using E FATALS for performing safety analyses are stated, and some examples of such usage are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The US Bureau of Mines Pittsburgh Research Center has completed an investigation of the degree to which various disk materials affect the probability of igniting a methane-air atmosphere using the breakflash machine. Data were generated for estimating currents (resistor or inductor circuits) and voltages (capacitor circuits) associated with a particular ignition level. Further analysis of these data was used to assign hazard levels for each material, with cadmium used as a reference material. From this, a safety factor was associated with each material. Presently, there are no construction requirements with regard to materials of construction. The worst case is always assumed (i.e., cadmium). Laboratory test results confirmed cadmium as the worst-case material among those tested for resistor and inductor circuits but not for capacitor circuits. In fact, aluminum testing illustrated lower ignition voltages than cadmium at 107 and 1310 mu F. For capacitor circuits, little, if any, safety was gained by using certain materials other than cadmium.<>
{"title":"An investigation of the ignition hazards associated with various materials in the breakflash apparatus","authors":"J. Peterson","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178023","url":null,"abstract":"The US Bureau of Mines Pittsburgh Research Center has completed an investigation of the degree to which various disk materials affect the probability of igniting a methane-air atmosphere using the breakflash machine. Data were generated for estimating currents (resistor or inductor circuits) and voltages (capacitor circuits) associated with a particular ignition level. Further analysis of these data was used to assign hazard levels for each material, with cadmium used as a reference material. From this, a safety factor was associated with each material. Presently, there are no construction requirements with regard to materials of construction. The worst case is always assumed (i.e., cadmium). Laboratory test results confirmed cadmium as the worst-case material among those tested for resistor and inductor circuits but not for capacitor circuits. In fact, aluminum testing illustrated lower ignition voltages than cadmium at 107 and 1310 mu F. For capacitor circuits, little, if any, safety was gained by using certain materials other than cadmium.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130947600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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