The energy balance equation of the induction motor model is used to establish some passivity properties. The properties are independent of the representation reference frame, and thus can be used to analyze in a unified manner the various control and observation strategies reported in the literature, a task which typically relies strongly on the chosen coordinates. It is shown that the slip frequency control variable does not affect the motor energy balance equation. This fact clarifies, to some extent, the stable behavior of field-oriented control schemes. A general framework is presented for observer design and the derivation of a globally exponentially stable nonlinear flux observer for an induction motor model that includes mechanical and electrical dynamics.<>
{"title":"Passivity properties of induction motors: application to flux observer design","authors":"R. Ortega, G. Espinosa","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178134","url":null,"abstract":"The energy balance equation of the induction motor model is used to establish some passivity properties. The properties are independent of the representation reference frame, and thus can be used to analyze in a unified manner the various control and observation strategies reported in the literature, a task which typically relies strongly on the chosen coordinates. It is shown that the slip frequency control variable does not affect the motor energy balance equation. This fact clarifies, to some extent, the stable behavior of field-oriented control schemes. A general framework is presented for observer design and the derivation of a globally exponentially stable nonlinear flux observer for an induction motor model that includes mechanical and electrical dynamics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124310378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two prototypes of two-degree-of motion freedom ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators as well as linear actuators were constructed. Their fundamental characteristics were measured. Several three-degree-of motion freedom actuators are proposed.<>
{"title":"Multi-degree-of motion freedom ultrasonic piezoelectric actuator","authors":"A. Kawamura, Y. Nagayama, T. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178148","url":null,"abstract":"Two prototypes of two-degree-of motion freedom ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators as well as linear actuators were constructed. Their fundamental characteristics were measured. Several three-degree-of motion freedom actuators are proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mori, Y. Wada, T. Hayashi, M. Kakizoe, F. Matsumoto, S. Masuda
A method was derived to suppress the blowoff of a hot gas from an arc chamber and to shorten arcing time in the interruption of overcurrents. The blowoff of the hot gas is suppressed by cooling with a porous metal plate attached in front of gas-exhausting holes of an arc chamber. From heat analysis, it is estimated that the temperature of the hot gas passing through the porous metal plate is lowered by about 95%. Arcing time is shortened by a unique commutation electrode and arc runner. In the interruption of a current of 6 kA at a 480 V circuit, the maximum arcing time is shortened by about 40%. From observation by a high-speed framing camera, it is concluded that the shortening of arcing time is due to an effective arc-drive by the commutation electrode and arc runner. This method has been applied to contactors of 600 A and 800 A frames having the maximum-rated operational voltage of 660 V.<>
{"title":"A new interruption method for low-voltage, high-capacity, air-break contactors suppressing the blowoff of a hot gas","authors":"T. Mori, Y. Wada, T. Hayashi, M. Kakizoe, F. Matsumoto, S. Masuda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178089","url":null,"abstract":"A method was derived to suppress the blowoff of a hot gas from an arc chamber and to shorten arcing time in the interruption of overcurrents. The blowoff of the hot gas is suppressed by cooling with a porous metal plate attached in front of gas-exhausting holes of an arc chamber. From heat analysis, it is estimated that the temperature of the hot gas passing through the porous metal plate is lowered by about 95%. Arcing time is shortened by a unique commutation electrode and arc runner. In the interruption of a current of 6 kA at a 480 V circuit, the maximum arcing time is shortened by about 40%. From observation by a high-speed framing camera, it is concluded that the shortening of arcing time is due to an effective arc-drive by the commutation electrode and arc runner. This method has been applied to contactors of 600 A and 800 A frames having the maximum-rated operational voltage of 660 V.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130175514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. E. Borges da Silva, K. Nakashima, G. Lambert Torres, V. Ferreira da Silva, G. Olivier, G. April
Conventional slip-recovery drives are plagued with a low overall power factor, due to the naturally commutated power convertor in the rotor circuit. One solution consists of adding two GTOs to the converter bridge, in order to transform it into a fully controllable inverter, which allows for independent control over voltage and displacement factor. When appropriately controlled, this converter is capable of producing reactive power in just the right amount to fully compensate the reactive power consumed by the power induction machine. Unity power displacement factor is then attainable over most of the operating range. A controller based on a fuzzy logic expert system is proposed.<>
{"title":"Improving performance of slip-recovery drive: An approach using fuzzy techniques","authors":"L. E. Borges da Silva, K. Nakashima, G. Lambert Torres, V. Ferreira da Silva, G. Olivier, G. April","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178168","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional slip-recovery drives are plagued with a low overall power factor, due to the naturally commutated power convertor in the rotor circuit. One solution consists of adding two GTOs to the converter bridge, in order to transform it into a fully controllable inverter, which allows for independent control over voltage and displacement factor. When appropriately controlled, this converter is capable of producing reactive power in just the right amount to fully compensate the reactive power consumed by the power induction machine. Unity power displacement factor is then attainable over most of the operating range. A controller based on a fuzzy logic expert system is proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124503650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The generation of DC power by a capacitor self-excited induction generator is considered. The isolated phases of the induction generator feed the load through single-phase force-commutated rectifiers, which are connected in series. By controlling the ON-OFF instants of the switching devices the fundamental component of the rectifier input current is made to lag or lead the corresponding voltage, thereby producing reactive power, which either assists or opposes the VArs supplied by the existing capacitors. This is to maintain good DC voltage regulation under varying speed or load condition. Procedures are laid down to determine the capacitance requirement to maintain desired terminal voltage of the generator and the firing instants of the converter devices to meet the required output characteristics. Computed results are presented indicating the performance of the system. Limited experimental observations are also indicated.<>
{"title":"Controllable DC power from self-excited induction generator through series connected single phase force-commutated rectifiers","authors":"C. Chakraborty, S. Bhadra, A. K. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178078","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of DC power by a capacitor self-excited induction generator is considered. The isolated phases of the induction generator feed the load through single-phase force-commutated rectifiers, which are connected in series. By controlling the ON-OFF instants of the switching devices the fundamental component of the rectifier input current is made to lag or lead the corresponding voltage, thereby producing reactive power, which either assists or opposes the VArs supplied by the existing capacitors. This is to maintain good DC voltage regulation under varying speed or load condition. Procedures are laid down to determine the capacitance requirement to maintain desired terminal voltage of the generator and the firing instants of the converter devices to meet the required output characteristics. Computed results are presented indicating the performance of the system. Limited experimental observations are also indicated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116701005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Convective venting studies done on three different compact fluorescent fixtures indicate that the reduction in light output and efficacy caused by a highly constricted thermal environment can be nearly eliminated with a proper venting configuration. Experiments conducted on an open, recessed ceiling fixture housing two 26 W, quad-tube, compact fluorescent bulbs indicate a light output loss of 15% for an unvented fixture; with an aperture area of approximately 1.5 square inches (a 0.5 in*3.25 in vent) placed in the top of the fixture, thermally-induced light output losses are reduced to about 3%, while optical losses due the aperture's size are only about 4%. In an enclosed recessed fixture, housing two 13 W, twin-tube bulbs, light output and efficacy losses are noted at 18%; both of these decrease to only 2% losses with two small, lower vents and a larger, upper vent introduced to the fixture. In a smaller, enclosed, recessed downlight, housing two 7 W bulbs, losses for both the light output and efficacy of the fixture are originally noted at 10%; with three vents introduced to the fixture (in the same configuration as the other enclosed fixture), light output reached at 98% of maximum, and lamp efficiency reached 96% of maximum.<>
{"title":"Convective venting in compact fluorescent fixtures","authors":"M. Siminovitch, N. Kleinsmith","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178118","url":null,"abstract":"Convective venting studies done on three different compact fluorescent fixtures indicate that the reduction in light output and efficacy caused by a highly constricted thermal environment can be nearly eliminated with a proper venting configuration. Experiments conducted on an open, recessed ceiling fixture housing two 26 W, quad-tube, compact fluorescent bulbs indicate a light output loss of 15% for an unvented fixture; with an aperture area of approximately 1.5 square inches (a 0.5 in*3.25 in vent) placed in the top of the fixture, thermally-induced light output losses are reduced to about 3%, while optical losses due the aperture's size are only about 4%. In an enclosed recessed fixture, housing two 13 W, twin-tube bulbs, light output and efficacy losses are noted at 18%; both of these decrease to only 2% losses with two small, lower vents and a larger, upper vent introduced to the fixture. In a smaller, enclosed, recessed downlight, housing two 7 W bulbs, losses for both the light output and efficacy of the fixture are originally noted at 10%; with three vents introduced to the fixture (in the same configuration as the other enclosed fixture), light output reached at 98% of maximum, and lamp efficiency reached 96% of maximum.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126527603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nonlinear electrical characteristics of corona motors are modeled through suitable transformation of the stator voltage waveform. This in effect produces an equivalent gap conductivity to serve as a linearized model. The analysis shows how a corona motor is able to generate very high speeds with DC excitation, and points out the basis for its asynchronous operation. Experimental tests of a macroscopic motor confirm that the analysis models the basic behavior of a corona machine. Operation of a small (100 mu m) cylindrical motor is considered. The device expected to be capable of very high speeds with DC input and no special control.<>
{"title":"Analysis of high-speed corona micromotors by means of effective gap conductivity","authors":"P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178224","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear electrical characteristics of corona motors are modeled through suitable transformation of the stator voltage waveform. This in effect produces an equivalent gap conductivity to serve as a linearized model. The analysis shows how a corona motor is able to generate very high speeds with DC excitation, and points out the basis for its asynchronous operation. Experimental tests of a macroscopic motor confirm that the analysis models the basic behavior of a corona machine. Operation of a small (100 mu m) cylindrical motor is considered. The device expected to be capable of very high speeds with DC input and no special control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127125972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A drive system featuring three-level inverter (also known as neutral-point-clamped inverter) and offering novel features is introduced. The circuit concept not only makes it possible to expand the power range without connecting GTOs directly in series or parallel, but also greatly improves the voltage and current waveforms, enhances control properties and reduces losses. This drive system also features a self-commutated GTO converter on the line side. It permits free energy exchange in both directions without reactive power and with a low harmonic content of the line current.<>
{"title":"High-power drive system with advanced power circuitry and improved digital control","authors":"T. Salzmann, G. Kratz, C. Daubler","doi":"10.1109/28.195903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/28.195903","url":null,"abstract":"A drive system featuring three-level inverter (also known as neutral-point-clamped inverter) and offering novel features is introduced. The circuit concept not only makes it possible to expand the power range without connecting GTOs directly in series or parallel, but also greatly improves the voltage and current waveforms, enhances control properties and reduces losses. This drive system also features a self-commutated GTO converter on the line side. It permits free energy exchange in both directions without reactive power and with a low harmonic content of the line current.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125459767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigational results are reported of the behavior of one section of a prototype electrostatic precipitator subjected to DC and repetitive pulse voltages under clean air conditions. the basic wire-plate precipitator geometry consisting of a helical wire was energized with DC, repetitive pulse, and DC superposed on repetitive pulse voltage. The results provide basic data on the behavior of the geometry under these energizations. these results are of practical importance in the design of electrode systems of industrial electrostatic precipitators.<>
{"title":"Sparkover characteristics of prototype precipitator subjected to DC/pulse energization","authors":"B. Rajanikanth, B. Prabhakar","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178319","url":null,"abstract":"Investigational results are reported of the behavior of one section of a prototype electrostatic precipitator subjected to DC and repetitive pulse voltages under clean air conditions. the basic wire-plate precipitator geometry consisting of a helical wire was energized with DC, repetitive pulse, and DC superposed on repetitive pulse voltage. The results provide basic data on the behavior of the geometry under these energizations. these results are of practical importance in the design of electrode systems of industrial electrostatic precipitators.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1996 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A small electrostatic induction motor has been built, and its construction is described. an analysis of the working of the machine is presented and its torque-speed characteristic is derived. Experimental results compare satisfactorily with predictions. A method of torque optimization is proposed, derived from the results of the analysis.<>
{"title":"A dielectric induction motor employing a rotating electric field","authors":"E. Mognaschi, J. Calderwood","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178225","url":null,"abstract":"A small electrostatic induction motor has been built, and its construction is described. an analysis of the working of the machine is presented and its torque-speed characteristic is derived. Experimental results compare satisfactorily with predictions. A method of torque optimization is proposed, derived from the results of the analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128127627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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