The US Bureau of Mines is completing development of a diagnostic maintenance system as part of its investigation into using expert system techniques to diagnose and predict hydraulic problems on a continuous mining machine. The Bureau has developed an expert knowledge base to diagnose hydraulic problems on a Joy 16CM continuous mining machine. This diagnostic system is interfaced to machine-based sensors which monitor various hydraulic system parameters, such as pressures, flows, temperatures, fluid level, and ferrous debris present in the oil. The status of these parameters is updated periodically and transmitted via a distributed interface to the diagnostic knowledge base. All diagnostic decisions are made based upon the available sensor information. The testing and evaluation plans for this system on the 16CM are outlined.<>
{"title":"Research into a sensor-based diagnostic maintenance expert system for the hydraulics of a continuous mining machine","authors":"J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178014","url":null,"abstract":"The US Bureau of Mines is completing development of a diagnostic maintenance system as part of its investigation into using expert system techniques to diagnose and predict hydraulic problems on a continuous mining machine. The Bureau has developed an expert knowledge base to diagnose hydraulic problems on a Joy 16CM continuous mining machine. This diagnostic system is interfaced to machine-based sensors which monitor various hydraulic system parameters, such as pressures, flows, temperatures, fluid level, and ferrous debris present in the oil. The status of these parameters is updated periodically and transmitted via a distributed interface to the diagnostic knowledge base. All diagnostic decisions are made based upon the available sensor information. The testing and evaluation plans for this system on the 16CM are outlined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131101030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vibration was once a damaging problem to the fans for the coke emission control system at the Ashland, Kentucky plant of Armco Inc. After evaluation of several ways to correct the problem, Armco elected to install an adjustable speed AC drive system which used the existing motor to control the air flow and to remove the damper, which was the cause of the flow instability and the resultant vibration. The adjustable speed drive system not only corrected the vibration problem, but also increased the operating efficiency of the system and reduced the annual power costs by several thousand dollars in the first year. The authors present the problem, the alternate corrective actions which were evaluated, the system performance after the retrofit, and the design considerations for the adjustable speed drive system. They also address current fan application considerations at Armco and the state-of-the-art technology and hardware for adjustable speed AC drive systems.<>
{"title":"Adjustable speed AC drive for fan vibration control","authors":"J. de Graaff, H. W. Weiss","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178010","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration was once a damaging problem to the fans for the coke emission control system at the Ashland, Kentucky plant of Armco Inc. After evaluation of several ways to correct the problem, Armco elected to install an adjustable speed AC drive system which used the existing motor to control the air flow and to remove the damper, which was the cause of the flow instability and the resultant vibration. The adjustable speed drive system not only corrected the vibration problem, but also increased the operating efficiency of the system and reduced the annual power costs by several thousand dollars in the first year. The authors present the problem, the alternate corrective actions which were evaluated, the system performance after the retrofit, and the design considerations for the adjustable speed drive system. They also address current fan application considerations at Armco and the state-of-the-art technology and hardware for adjustable speed AC drive systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120905832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field investigation of the dynamic roadways and in-vehicle lighting conditions was performed. The variation in ambient lighting levels for drivers in-vehicle while driving was measured. Typical values and variability of lighting levels over time for nine sites in Ann Arbor, Michigan (e.g. rural, suburban, city streets, expressways, etc.) on a cluster near the radio within a 1986 Honda Civic, and the driver's view locations were determined. A sampling rate of 3 to 10 Hz was established for automatically adjusting the control panel lighting level for dynamic lighting conditions during the day and at night. The data obtained from this study are intended to provide photometric information to engineers to design the interior display panels within vehicles equipped with the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System.<>
{"title":"Human factors and dynamic roadways and in-vehicle lighting conditions","authors":"M. Nevvab","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178122","url":null,"abstract":"A field investigation of the dynamic roadways and in-vehicle lighting conditions was performed. The variation in ambient lighting levels for drivers in-vehicle while driving was measured. Typical values and variability of lighting levels over time for nine sites in Ann Arbor, Michigan (e.g. rural, suburban, city streets, expressways, etc.) on a cluster near the radio within a 1986 Honda Civic, and the driver's view locations were determined. A sampling rate of 3 to 10 Hz was established for automatically adjusting the control panel lighting level for dynamic lighting conditions during the day and at night. The data obtained from this study are intended to provide photometric information to engineers to design the interior display panels within vehicles equipped with the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121281052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kubo, Y. Ozawa, R. Nakatsuka, A. Shimizu, H. Akagi
An uninterruptible power system (UPS) which consists of a pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier and inverter with fully digital control is presented. The rating of the UPS is single phase 10 kVA of 200 V input and 200 V/100 V output. The power switching devices of the UPS are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in the PWM rectifier and inverter working at a switching frequency of 14.7 kHz. The instantaneous feedback control of input current and output voltage results in sinusoidal input current and output voltage. Full digital control is achieved in the control circuit of the rectifier and inverter.<>
{"title":"A fully digital controlled UPS using IGBT's","authors":"I. Kubo, Y. Ozawa, R. Nakatsuka, A. Shimizu, H. Akagi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178364","url":null,"abstract":"An uninterruptible power system (UPS) which consists of a pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier and inverter with fully digital control is presented. The rating of the UPS is single phase 10 kVA of 200 V input and 200 V/100 V output. The power switching devices of the UPS are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in the PWM rectifier and inverter working at a switching frequency of 14.7 kHz. The instantaneous feedback control of input current and output voltage results in sinusoidal input current and output voltage. Full digital control is achieved in the control circuit of the rectifier and inverter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124103274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new resonant DC/DC converter topology which operates at a constant frequency and exhibits near zero switching losses is presented. The resonant circuit employed in the converter consists of a series branch and a parallel branch. The components of the series branch are tuned at the operating frequency of the converter. The components of the parallel branch are, however, tuned at a frequency much higher than the operating frequency of the converter. Four capacitors are placed across the switches of the full-bridge. The proposed resonant components shapes the current and voltage waveforms in the converter circuit in such a way that near zero turn-on, turn-off, and snubber losses are obtained while maintaining low voltage stresses across the inverter switches and rectifier diodes. A detailed description of the converter circuit, explaining the operating principle is given.<>
{"title":"A constant frequency resonant DC/DC converter with zero switching losses","authors":"P. Jain","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178368","url":null,"abstract":"A new resonant DC/DC converter topology which operates at a constant frequency and exhibits near zero switching losses is presented. The resonant circuit employed in the converter consists of a series branch and a parallel branch. The components of the series branch are tuned at the operating frequency of the converter. The components of the parallel branch are, however, tuned at a frequency much higher than the operating frequency of the converter. Four capacitors are placed across the switches of the full-bridge. The proposed resonant components shapes the current and voltage waveforms in the converter circuit in such a way that near zero turn-on, turn-off, and snubber losses are obtained while maintaining low voltage stresses across the inverter switches and rectifier diodes. A detailed description of the converter circuit, explaining the operating principle is given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126616500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective destruction of living cells in liquid by high-voltage pulse application has been confirmed. The survivability of the cells, and the energy efficiency of the cell destruction for various kinds of cells have been measured using different electrode geometries. Using an electrode system of the converged electric field type, reliable energy efficient cell destruction can be realized even for a high conductivity liquid. It is shown that using an intense underwater arc discharge in the rod-rod electrode system, even B. sibtilis (spores), which could never be destroyed by electric field method, can easily be inactivated and P markedly decreased less than 5 cal/cm/sub 3/.<>
{"title":"Inactivation of microorganisms by pulsed high voltage application","authors":"Y. Matsumoto, N. Shioji, T. Satake, A. Sakuma","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178248","url":null,"abstract":"Effective destruction of living cells in liquid by high-voltage pulse application has been confirmed. The survivability of the cells, and the energy efficiency of the cell destruction for various kinds of cells have been measured using different electrode geometries. Using an electrode system of the converged electric field type, reliable energy efficient cell destruction can be realized even for a high conductivity liquid. It is shown that using an intense underwater arc discharge in the rod-rod electrode system, even B. sibtilis (spores), which could never be destroyed by electric field method, can easily be inactivated and P markedly decreased less than 5 cal/cm/sub 3/.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics and effects of nonlinear loads in the commercial office environment are discussed. The interaction of distorted currents drawn by these loads with the power system are described. An approximate approach for evaluating potential problems within a given facility is discussed, which, while not rigorous, can be used as a screening tool by building designers and engineers to make assessments of the potential for harmonic problems. Effects of high relative levels of harmonic current generation in commercial buildings include harmonic voltage distortion, transformer and motor overheating, and neutral conductor overloading. Reasonable estimates of the impacts of nonlinear loads can be made from generalized harmonic current source characteristics of three basic nonlinear types. Interactions with the electric power system can be predicted with simplified representations of the building electrical system.<>
{"title":"Assessing the impacts of nonlinear loads on power quality in commercial buildings-An overview","authors":"K. Johnson, R. Zavadil","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178115","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics and effects of nonlinear loads in the commercial office environment are discussed. The interaction of distorted currents drawn by these loads with the power system are described. An approximate approach for evaluating potential problems within a given facility is discussed, which, while not rigorous, can be used as a screening tool by building designers and engineers to make assessments of the potential for harmonic problems. Effects of high relative levels of harmonic current generation in commercial buildings include harmonic voltage distortion, transformer and motor overheating, and neutral conductor overloading. Reasonable estimates of the impacts of nonlinear loads can be made from generalized harmonic current source characteristics of three basic nonlinear types. Interactions with the electric power system can be predicted with simplified representations of the building electrical system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133690786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors propose the robust force and control of a DD motor based on a novel model following acceleration control. The model following acceleration control system has the ability to suppress the state error caused by not only force disturbance but also system structure variations. The DD motor controlled by the proposed acceleration control system is treated as a structure of two integral elements, which has no mechanical system parameter. Therefore, each joint of a DD robot manipulator is regulated by an acceleration command. The proposed acceleration control system is designed using H/sup infinity / control theory, and it is realized by a DSP (digital signal processor) software algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method is valid for the robust force and compliance control system of a DD robot manipulator.<>
{"title":"DSP-based robust force and compliance control of DD motor","authors":"K. Ohishi, S. Matsuda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178093","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose the robust force and control of a DD motor based on a novel model following acceleration control. The model following acceleration control system has the ability to suppress the state error caused by not only force disturbance but also system structure variations. The DD motor controlled by the proposed acceleration control system is treated as a structure of two integral elements, which has no mechanical system parameter. Therefore, each joint of a DD robot manipulator is regulated by an acceleration command. The proposed acceleration control system is designed using H/sup infinity / control theory, and it is realized by a DSP (digital signal processor) software algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method is valid for the robust force and compliance control system of a DD robot manipulator.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to produce a comfortable luminous environment, 1/f fluctuation control of illuminance is proposed. It is shown that natural light which is comfortable to humans, such as sunlight streaming through leaves toward the ground, has 1/f fluctuation characteristics. On the other hand, artificial lights such as fluorescent lamps have near white-noise characteristics at frequencies below 10 Hz. It is also shown that the same fluctuation of natural light can be easily reproduced artificially by fluctuating the pulse width of the inverter output voltage. It is expected that 1/f fluctuation control of light can be applied to relaxation rooms in offices, hospitals, or schools to produce comfortable and relaxing environments for humans.<>
{"title":"1/f fluctuation control of illuminance for comfortable luminous environments","authors":"K. Oguchi, H. Tsukamoto, H. Seki, M. Agu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178116","url":null,"abstract":"In order to produce a comfortable luminous environment, 1/f fluctuation control of illuminance is proposed. It is shown that natural light which is comfortable to humans, such as sunlight streaming through leaves toward the ground, has 1/f fluctuation characteristics. On the other hand, artificial lights such as fluorescent lamps have near white-noise characteristics at frequencies below 10 Hz. It is also shown that the same fluctuation of natural light can be easily reproduced artificially by fluctuating the pulse width of the inverter output voltage. It is expected that 1/f fluctuation control of light can be applied to relaxation rooms in offices, hospitals, or schools to produce comfortable and relaxing environments for humans.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electric curtain consisting of a parallel cylindrical electrodes was constructed. An electric field of standing wave type was produced with superposition of both single-phase AC and DC voltage. Although each particle showed a stationary up-and-down motion within a confined region, as a whole fan-like pattern of particle motion was observed over electrodes. The shape of the pattern was changed with the applied voltage of either AC or DC, or both. The measurement of the amount of charge of suspended particles showed that the particles over grounded electrodes have a positive polarity and the particles over high voltage electrodes have a negative one.<>
{"title":"Fundamental study of the motion of charged powder particles by using electric curtain","authors":"K. Asano, Y. Banno, K. Yatsuzuka, Y. Higashiyama","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1991.178203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1991.178203","url":null,"abstract":"The electric curtain consisting of a parallel cylindrical electrodes was constructed. An electric field of standing wave type was produced with superposition of both single-phase AC and DC voltage. Although each particle showed a stationary up-and-down motion within a confined region, as a whole fan-like pattern of particle motion was observed over electrodes. The shape of the pattern was changed with the applied voltage of either AC or DC, or both. The measurement of the amount of charge of suspended particles showed that the particles over grounded electrodes have a positive polarity and the particles over high voltage electrodes have a negative one.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":294244,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116553337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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