Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561232
S.T. Li, J. McGee, D. Tam, H. Wiesenfarth, M. Maiuzzo, D. Wheeler
This paper details the EMC study conducted for the installation of a frequency-hopping VHF transceiver on board a U.S. Navy amphibious ship. The computational tools used for this analysis are described, including a "hybrid technique" which combines method of moments and geometric theory of diffraction approaches to calculate VHF antenna-to-antenna coupling losses. Also, the compatibility evaluation of the RF system using the cosite analysis model (COSAM) program in the frequency hopping mode is examined. Finally, a link analysis program which calculates ground wave and sky wave propagation losses is used to predict the range of the VHF radios with and without cosite interference.
{"title":"EMC analysis of a shipboard frequency-hopping communication system","authors":"S.T. Li, J. McGee, D. Tam, H. Wiesenfarth, M. Maiuzzo, D. Wheeler","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561232","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the EMC study conducted for the installation of a frequency-hopping VHF transceiver on board a U.S. Navy amphibious ship. The computational tools used for this analysis are described, including a \"hybrid technique\" which combines method of moments and geometric theory of diffraction approaches to calculate VHF antenna-to-antenna coupling losses. Also, the compatibility evaluation of the RF system using the cosite analysis model (COSAM) program in the frequency hopping mode is examined. Finally, a link analysis program which calculates ground wave and sky wave propagation losses is used to predict the range of the VHF radios with and without cosite interference.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124337491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561198
Sigurd Bentz, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
The current work of the IEC on preparing a standard for the use of TEM cells for compliance testing of emissions and immunity is reviewed. The requirements of TEM cells are related to the established procedures: "open area test site" and "shielded enclosure with area of uniform field", respectively. The problems of incorporating new technology into standardization as well as the existence of parallel standardized test procedures are discussed.
{"title":"Use of the TEM cell for compliance testing of emissions and immunity, an IEC perspective","authors":"Sigurd Bentz, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561198","url":null,"abstract":"The current work of the IEC on preparing a standard for the use of TEM cells for compliance testing of emissions and immunity is reviewed. The requirements of TEM cells are related to the established procedures: \"open area test site\" and \"shielded enclosure with area of uniform field\", respectively. The problems of incorporating new technology into standardization as well as the existence of parallel standardized test procedures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121984783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561201
A. Lee
This paper proposes a new algorithm for radiated emission test correlation between a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell and a facility with a ground plane (GP) as open area test sites or semi-anechoic chambers. An unknown source object is regarded as equivalent electric and magnetic dipoles. The far field that is radiated from the dipoles over a GP, is evaluated and correlated with measured powers at the output port of a GTEM cell wherein the object exists. This algorithm considers the relative phases of dipole moments and requires fifteen orientations of a test object. The fields radiated from a notebook computer were measured and several theoretical simulations were performed to analyze accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"An algorithm for an advanced GTEM to ground plane correlation of radiated emission test","authors":"A. Lee","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new algorithm for radiated emission test correlation between a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell and a facility with a ground plane (GP) as open area test sites or semi-anechoic chambers. An unknown source object is regarded as equivalent electric and magnetic dipoles. The far field that is radiated from the dipoles over a GP, is evaluated and correlated with measured powers at the output port of a GTEM cell wherein the object exists. This algorithm considers the relative phases of dipole moments and requires fifteen orientations of a test object. The fields radiated from a notebook computer were measured and several theoretical simulations were performed to analyze accuracy of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561268
R. Haynes, P. J. Muniz, D.C. Smith
A technique for measuring the shielding effectiveness of an interconnection method, such as a gasket system, and an accompanying figure of merit using shielded magnetic probes have been developed. The technique and figure of merit have been applied to a cellular telephone gasket system in the frequency range of 50-6000 MHz. The frequency range can be extended to 8500 MHz with the same probe design. Other shielding interconnection systems in common use in the industry can be studied using these custom designed shielded magnetic probes.
{"title":"A new method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of interconnections in shielding technologies: application to cellular phone gaskets for the housing","authors":"R. Haynes, P. J. Muniz, D.C. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561268","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for measuring the shielding effectiveness of an interconnection method, such as a gasket system, and an accompanying figure of merit using shielded magnetic probes have been developed. The technique and figure of merit have been applied to a cellular telephone gasket system in the frequency range of 50-6000 MHz. The frequency range can be extended to 8500 MHz with the same probe design. Other shielding interconnection systems in common use in the industry can be studied using these custom designed shielded magnetic probes.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561238
G. Freyer, M. Hatfield, D.M. Johnson, M. Slocum
Reverberation chambers have grown in popularity for radiated immunity testing. Unlike most other types of immunity tests, a reverberation chamber provides a randomized electromagnetic environment and is a statistical test. In a properly operated reverberation chamber the electromagnetic environment is isotropic and randomly polarized. These characteristics provide a robust, all aspect angle test. A number of the statistical characteristics of the electromagnetic environment in a reverberation chamber can be predicted from theory. This paper compares theoretical and measured values of selected statistical parameters from seven reverberation chambers in the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division Database. Also presented are the same parameters from measurements in five, low quality factor, aircraft cavities.
{"title":"Comparison of measured and theoretical statistical parameters of complex cavities","authors":"G. Freyer, M. Hatfield, D.M. Johnson, M. Slocum","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561238","url":null,"abstract":"Reverberation chambers have grown in popularity for radiated immunity testing. Unlike most other types of immunity tests, a reverberation chamber provides a randomized electromagnetic environment and is a statistical test. In a properly operated reverberation chamber the electromagnetic environment is isotropic and randomly polarized. These characteristics provide a robust, all aspect angle test. A number of the statistical characteristics of the electromagnetic environment in a reverberation chamber can be predicted from theory. This paper compares theoretical and measured values of selected statistical parameters from seven reverberation chambers in the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division Database. Also presented are the same parameters from measurements in five, low quality factor, aircraft cavities.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128336730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561426
K.L. Ravo
This paper is intended to provide a historical perspective of the current bi-national (USA/Canada) standard for information technology equipment (ITE)-UL 1950/CSA 950 third edition (BINAT). Discussed is the development process of the BINAT, leading ultimately to a tri-national standard (USA/Canada/Mexico) or a truly North American standard. Additionally, the maintenance process for the standard is explained, including information regarding how individuals or organizations may influence the content of the standard, (the BINAT or IEC 950). Specifically covered in the paper are: a discussion of the nature of ITE industry including identification of two differing industry perspectives with respect to safety; a brief history of the safety requirements for the ITE industry; a brief overview of the current safety requirements; a discussion of the ongoing maintenance process for the standard; future activities intended to keep the safety requirements relevant and current; and finally, a call to action to continue the development process of safety requirements to keep pace with the evolving industries.
{"title":"The ITE safety standard for North America, a development and maintenance process","authors":"K.L. Ravo","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561426","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended to provide a historical perspective of the current bi-national (USA/Canada) standard for information technology equipment (ITE)-UL 1950/CSA 950 third edition (BINAT). Discussed is the development process of the BINAT, leading ultimately to a tri-national standard (USA/Canada/Mexico) or a truly North American standard. Additionally, the maintenance process for the standard is explained, including information regarding how individuals or organizations may influence the content of the standard, (the BINAT or IEC 950). Specifically covered in the paper are: a discussion of the nature of ITE industry including identification of two differing industry perspectives with respect to safety; a brief history of the safety requirements for the ITE industry; a brief overview of the current safety requirements; a discussion of the ongoing maintenance process for the standard; future activities intended to keep the safety requirements relevant and current; and finally, a call to action to continue the development process of safety requirements to keep pace with the evolving industries.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128277604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561240
Xin Xu, S. Nitta, A. Mutoh, S. Jayaram
A simple calculation method considering both the inductive and capacitive coupling between various loops in a multiconductor twisted-pair wire(TPW) circuit (n=2) has been proposed. The calculated results are in good agreement with those measured.
{"title":"Study on noise characteristics of multiconductor twisted-pair wire circuit -the case of n=2","authors":"Xin Xu, S. Nitta, A. Mutoh, S. Jayaram","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561240","url":null,"abstract":"A simple calculation method considering both the inductive and capacitive coupling between various loops in a multiconductor twisted-pair wire(TPW) circuit (n=2) has been proposed. The calculated results are in good agreement with those measured.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129545259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561207
M. Kimmel, H. Singer
The method of moments is applied for the calculation of anisotropic composites. Composite materials consist of separate layers with different electrical parameters. The model treats each layer as dielectric, reinforced by conductive fibers with defined orientation. With the help of wave-transmission matrices the layers can be cascaded in the computation. Composite materials only provide a marginal conductivity; for this reason the study of their shielding effectiveness is an important issue in EMC.
{"title":"Numerical computation of anisotropic shielding materials based on the method of moments","authors":"M. Kimmel, H. Singer","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561207","url":null,"abstract":"The method of moments is applied for the calculation of anisotropic composites. Composite materials consist of separate layers with different electrical parameters. The model treats each layer as dielectric, reinforced by conductive fibers with defined orientation. With the help of wave-transmission matrices the layers can be cascaded in the computation. Composite materials only provide a marginal conductivity; for this reason the study of their shielding effectiveness is an important issue in EMC.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561212
S. Gedney
The paper provides a tutorial of the FDTD method and its application to the full-wave analysis of practical EMC problems. The FDTD method is a versatile technique and a powerful tool that can allow for the efficient and accurate simulation of electromagnetic interaction and radiation for EMC analysis. The paper begins with an introduction to the FDTD method based on the traditional Yee-algorithm. For the analysis of radiating structures, various absorbing boundary conditions, including the novel perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition, and their relative performances are described. Techniques of computing radiated fields from the time-dependent fields are also be discussed. Included in this discussion are the limitations of modeling complex structures using regular lattice grids, as well as the benefits of advanced FDTD algorithms that utilize irregular and unstructured grids. Acceleration techniques and the efficient implementation of the FDTD method on high performance computers are also of concern. Finally, a number of practical EMC problems analyzed using the FDTD method are presented.
{"title":"The application of the finite-difference time-domain method to EMC analysis","authors":"S. Gedney","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561212","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides a tutorial of the FDTD method and its application to the full-wave analysis of practical EMC problems. The FDTD method is a versatile technique and a powerful tool that can allow for the efficient and accurate simulation of electromagnetic interaction and radiation for EMC analysis. The paper begins with an introduction to the FDTD method based on the traditional Yee-algorithm. For the analysis of radiating structures, various absorbing boundary conditions, including the novel perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition, and their relative performances are described. Techniques of computing radiated fields from the time-dependent fields are also be discussed. Included in this discussion are the limitations of modeling complex structures using regular lattice grids, as well as the benefits of advanced FDTD algorithms that utilize irregular and unstructured grids. Acceleration techniques and the efficient implementation of the FDTD method on high performance computers are also of concern. Finally, a number of practical EMC problems analyzed using the FDTD method are presented.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125502218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561196
R. Garrett
Community and industry based EMC standards in Australia, China and New Zealand are now generally in line with international standards. As in Europe, the application of many of these standards is becoming compulsory. Other major trading countries within the Asian region are also contemplating the adoption of international standards. This paper gives the current status of this development and draws comparisons between the progress of Australia, China, Japan and New Zealand towards internationalisation and the difficulties being encountered particularly in Australia and New Zealand. The current position of other countries in the region is also noted.
{"title":"The EMC specifications of Australia, China, Japan and New Zealand","authors":"R. Garrett","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561196","url":null,"abstract":"Community and industry based EMC standards in Australia, China and New Zealand are now generally in line with international standards. As in Europe, the application of many of these standards is becoming compulsory. Other major trading countries within the Asian region are also contemplating the adoption of international standards. This paper gives the current status of this development and draws comparisons between the progress of Australia, China, Japan and New Zealand towards internationalisation and the difficulties being encountered particularly in Australia and New Zealand. The current position of other countries in the region is also noted.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126395976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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