D. Bühler, U. Grote, R. Hartje, Bopha Ker, D. T. Lam, L. Nguyen, Trung-Thanh Nguyen, Kimsun Tong
The overall objective of this discussion paper is to advance the knowledge on rural livelihoods in Stung Treng, Cambodia. In a cluster analysis, five clusters with very different livelihood strategies are identified based on a sample of 600 rural households. Despite the fact that nearly all households are engaged in some form of subsistence farming, especially by growing rice, the richer clusters build on self-employment and higher-skilled wage employment. In contrast the middle income cluster mainly depends on natural resources (fish and firewood). The poorer two clusters are engaged in lowerskilled wage employment. The incidence of poverty is widespread but differences between the clusters are clearly visible. Even the better-off households have consumption poverty headcount ratios of between 37 to 50% at PPP $1.25. For households from the poorest clusters the poverty headcount ratio amounts to even 70% for income and 80% for consumption. Especially the households largely depending on natural resource extraction are characterized by a high incidence of poverty and high vulnerability. In addition, there are a number of pressures which are expected to increase poverty problems in the future. Policies aimed at reducing poverty and improving rural livelihoods need to carefully consider the close linkages between rural livelihoods and natural resources. But also a diversification away from natural resource extraction into higher-skilled jobs is found to be a strategy opening up new opportunities to improve livelihood security and raise the living standards of the poor.
{"title":"Rural Livelihood Strategies in Cambodia: Evidence from a Household Survey in Stung Treng","authors":"D. Bühler, U. Grote, R. Hartje, Bopha Ker, D. T. Lam, L. Nguyen, Trung-Thanh Nguyen, Kimsun Tong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2583770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2583770","url":null,"abstract":"The overall objective of this discussion paper is to advance the knowledge on rural livelihoods in Stung Treng, Cambodia. In a cluster analysis, five clusters with very different livelihood strategies are identified based on a sample of 600 rural households. Despite the fact that nearly all households are engaged in some form of subsistence farming, especially by growing rice, the richer clusters build on self-employment and higher-skilled wage employment. In contrast the middle income cluster mainly depends on natural resources (fish and firewood). The poorer two clusters are engaged in lowerskilled wage employment. The incidence of poverty is widespread but differences between the clusters are clearly visible. Even the better-off households have consumption poverty headcount ratios of between 37 to 50% at PPP $1.25. For households from the poorest clusters the poverty headcount ratio amounts to even 70% for income and 80% for consumption. Especially the households largely depending on natural resource extraction are characterized by a high incidence of poverty and high vulnerability. In addition, there are a number of pressures which are expected to increase poverty problems in the future. Policies aimed at reducing poverty and improving rural livelihoods need to carefully consider the close linkages between rural livelihoods and natural resources. But also a diversification away from natural resource extraction into higher-skilled jobs is found to be a strategy opening up new opportunities to improve livelihood security and raise the living standards of the poor.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115412618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-RESOURCE-100814-125031
Katrin Millock
The concept of environmental migrants occurs frequently in the policy debate, in particular with regard to climate change and the incidence of such migration in low-income countries. This article reviews the economic studies of environmentally induced migration. It includes recent empirical analyses that try to link environmental change to migration flows and the spatial distribution of population. A consensus seems to emerge that there is little likelihood of large increases in international migration flows due to climate variability. The evidence to date shows that regional migration will be affected, however, either on the African continent or internally, within country borders. Theoretically, environmentally induced migration can be analyzed using different frameworks: the classical Harris-Todaro model of rural-urban migration, new economic geography models, models grounded in environmental economics of pollution externalities with free factor mobility, and the new economics of labor migration. I review some of the latest attempts to analyze environmentally induced migration theoretically and the policy-relevant conclusions that can be drawn.
{"title":"Migration and Environment","authors":"Katrin Millock","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-RESOURCE-100814-125031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-RESOURCE-100814-125031","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of environmental migrants occurs frequently in the policy debate, in particular with regard to climate change and the incidence of such migration in low-income countries. This article reviews the economic studies of environmentally induced migration. It includes recent empirical analyses that try to link environmental change to migration flows and the spatial distribution of population. A consensus seems to emerge that there is little likelihood of large increases in international migration flows due to climate variability. The evidence to date shows that regional migration will be affected, however, either on the African continent or internally, within country borders. Theoretically, environmentally induced migration can be analyzed using different frameworks: the classical Harris-Todaro model of rural-urban migration, new economic geography models, models grounded in environmental economics of pollution externalities with free factor mobility, and the new economics of labor migration. I review some of the latest attempts to analyze environmentally induced migration theoretically and the policy-relevant conclusions that can be drawn.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127324613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the increasing currency of benefit-sharing in the climate regime and its potential to contribute to engendering greater equity in climate governance. Though benefit-sharing is not explicitly mentioned in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change or in the Kyoto Protocol, the international climate regime raises a host of equity questions that have been at least in part addressed by making explicit or implicit reference to the notion of benefit-sharing. This paper maps the use of the benefit-sharing notion in the climate regime, with the objective of developing a research agenda towards ascertaining whether there is any overall coherence in the way it has been termed and interpreted, as well as its potential to better integrate human rights and environmental objectives in climate governance. In order to achieve this, the paper first introduces the main equity questions arising in the climate regime at the inter- and the intra-State levels, to then analyze them through a benefit-sharing lens. The conclusions articulate a series of research questions for further investigation, as well as a preliminary reflection on the implications of investigating equity in the climate regime from a benefit-sharing perspective.
{"title":"The Emergence of Benefit-Sharing Under the Climate Regime: A Preliminary Exploration and Research Agenda","authors":"A. Savaresi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2524335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2524335","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the increasing currency of benefit-sharing in the climate regime and its potential to contribute to engendering greater equity in climate governance. Though benefit-sharing is not explicitly mentioned in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change or in the Kyoto Protocol, the international climate regime raises a host of equity questions that have been at least in part addressed by making explicit or implicit reference to the notion of benefit-sharing. This paper maps the use of the benefit-sharing notion in the climate regime, with the objective of developing a research agenda towards ascertaining whether there is any overall coherence in the way it has been termed and interpreted, as well as its potential to better integrate human rights and environmental objectives in climate governance. In order to achieve this, the paper first introduces the main equity questions arising in the climate regime at the inter- and the intra-State levels, to then analyze them through a benefit-sharing lens. The conclusions articulate a series of research questions for further investigation, as well as a preliminary reflection on the implications of investigating equity in the climate regime from a benefit-sharing perspective.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128224977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Escobar-Toledo, B. Mareschal, Jose Tejera Oliver
On February 2011, the European Commission adopted a new strategy to improve measures and access to raw materials, considering that EU is high dependence of imports of them. The new strategy considers three pillars to improving raw materials access. One of them is boosting resource efficiency and promotes recycling. This paper contains a valuable methodology applicable to some materials substitution based on Life Cycle Analysis. We consider that substitution is a multidisciplinary problem in nature dealing with Multicriteria decision making aid. The problem considers the role of energy use in sustainable development and the potential sources to increase energy efficiency during life cycle use of some materials used in a day to day basis. A set of criteria to make decisions for choosing alternative materials in the substitution process will be among other: Exergy loss, Green House Gases emissions, real energy flows and material balances needed to the chain of manufacturing processes in the production chain and the whole added value. Nevertheless, thinking in alternative materials to substitute the actual ones, it is necessary to look forward. That’s why we will also use some other tools in order of complain a set of alternative materials for a long term use, as the prospective & systems dynamics techniques.
{"title":"Multicriteria Assessment of Short Life-Cycle Materials within the Context of Sustainable Development and Energy Efficiency","authors":"C. Escobar-Toledo, B. Mareschal, Jose Tejera Oliver","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2524181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2524181","url":null,"abstract":"On February 2011, the European Commission adopted a new strategy to improve measures and access to raw materials, considering that EU is high dependence of imports of them. The new strategy considers three pillars to improving raw materials access. One of them is boosting resource efficiency and promotes recycling. This paper contains a valuable methodology applicable to some materials substitution based on Life Cycle Analysis. We consider that substitution is a multidisciplinary problem in nature dealing with Multicriteria decision making aid. The problem considers the role of energy use in sustainable development and the potential sources to increase energy efficiency during life cycle use of some materials used in a day to day basis. A set of criteria to make decisions for choosing alternative materials in the substitution process will be among other: Exergy loss, Green House Gases emissions, real energy flows and material balances needed to the chain of manufacturing processes in the production chain and the whole added value. Nevertheless, thinking in alternative materials to substitute the actual ones, it is necessary to look forward. That’s why we will also use some other tools in order of complain a set of alternative materials for a long term use, as the prospective & systems dynamics techniques.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Tunnel vision" is a double-edged sword. It can be a positive force, focusing attention and creating momentum to act. Vice President Gore shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the IPCC when he helped focus the world’s attention on climate change and the urgent need to bring people and resources to bear on addressing the crisis. Nearly a decade later, we struggle to make Gore’s message heard: the enormity and complexity of the climate challenges facing us — facing our planet, our cultural and political systems, our legal regimes, our moral constructs — demand attention and action now. However, there exists a tension between the pressing need for action and the importance of making well-considered choices. Tunnel vision is a dangerous lens through which to view potential solutions to climate change. It is a form of selective attention which can lead to inadequate problem-formulation, partial solutions to complex problems, and unintended side effects. Tunnel vision as an approach to the multifaceted problem of climate change limits our strategies for mitigating and adapting to the warming of the planet and, ultimately, fosters additional problems.This paper speaks to the need to identify and consider the co-benefits and co-detriments (the side effects) of the climate change policies and projects we consider, particularly given the magnified impact of climate change and climate change policies on vulnerable populations.
{"title":"The Dangers of Carbon Reduction Tunnel Vision","authors":"Maria Savasta-Kennedy","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2518613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2518613","url":null,"abstract":"\"Tunnel vision\" is a double-edged sword. It can be a positive force, focusing attention and creating momentum to act. Vice President Gore shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the IPCC when he helped focus the world’s attention on climate change and the urgent need to bring people and resources to bear on addressing the crisis. Nearly a decade later, we struggle to make Gore’s message heard: the enormity and complexity of the climate challenges facing us — facing our planet, our cultural and political systems, our legal regimes, our moral constructs — demand attention and action now. However, there exists a tension between the pressing need for action and the importance of making well-considered choices. Tunnel vision is a dangerous lens through which to view potential solutions to climate change. It is a form of selective attention which can lead to inadequate problem-formulation, partial solutions to complex problems, and unintended side effects. Tunnel vision as an approach to the multifaceted problem of climate change limits our strategies for mitigating and adapting to the warming of the planet and, ultimately, fosters additional problems.This paper speaks to the need to identify and consider the co-benefits and co-detriments (the side effects) of the climate change policies and projects we consider, particularly given the magnified impact of climate change and climate change policies on vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132273909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Cecchini, Fernando Filgueira, Claudia Robles
This report pursues three complementary aims. Firstly, it presents the first generation of country case studies on social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean, published in the ECLAC Project Documents collection; and it provides justifications for developing such systems. Secondly, it sets out a classificatory approach to social protection system in the region, which aims to provide a comparative basis for interpreting national cases. Lastly, using standardized data and case studies, it identifies major trends in the changes the region is undergoing in terms of social protection.
{"title":"Social Protection Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comparative View","authors":"Simone Cecchini, Fernando Filgueira, Claudia Robles","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2532622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2532622","url":null,"abstract":"This report pursues three complementary aims. Firstly, it presents the first generation of country case studies on social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean, published in the ECLAC Project Documents collection; and it provides justifications for developing such systems. Secondly, it sets out a classificatory approach to social protection system in the region, which aims to provide a comparative basis for interpreting national cases. Lastly, using standardized data and case studies, it identifies major trends in the changes the region is undergoing in terms of social protection.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132636454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro finance plays a vital role in reducing poverty since it paves way for employment and empowerment which leads to economic development. Empowerment, poverty reduction and development are interrelated and interdependent. Empowerment leads to economic development which results in poverty reduction and sustainable development and micro finance through SHG is considered as a tool for empowerment. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the real impact of microfinance on the changes in income, expenditure and consumption pattern in rural households, empowerment of women and constraints. The study reported that there is a significant increase in income, expenditure and consumption pattern and there is an appreciable empowerment in political space than economic empowerment and negligible social empowerment of women as result of participating in micro finance through SHG programme. Delay in sanction of loan and inadequacy of the loan amount are the major challenge.
{"title":"Micro Finance: Achievements, Challenges and Future in India. (An Empirical Study in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu)","authors":"R. Karuppannan, R. Raya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2513717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2513717","url":null,"abstract":"Micro finance plays a vital role in reducing poverty since it paves way for employment and empowerment which leads to economic development. Empowerment, poverty reduction and development are interrelated and interdependent. Empowerment leads to economic development which results in poverty reduction and sustainable development and micro finance through SHG is considered as a tool for empowerment. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the real impact of microfinance on the changes in income, expenditure and consumption pattern in rural households, empowerment of women and constraints. The study reported that there is a significant increase in income, expenditure and consumption pattern and there is an appreciable empowerment in political space than economic empowerment and negligible social empowerment of women as result of participating in micro finance through SHG programme. Delay in sanction of loan and inadequacy of the loan amount are the major challenge.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129293992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What are the conditions under which private, voluntary certification programs like the Rainforest Alliance or Fairtrade can successfully promote environmental and social standards? We propose that the efficacy of a certification program depends on three variables: its sustainability standards, enforcement mechanisms and its market proliferation. The stricter the standards, the better the enforcement systems and the bigger the market share, the higher will be the factual impact of a particular certification program. We develop an index to systematically compare the strengths of norms and enforcement systems across a selection of important certification schemes in the global coffee industry and collect data about their market shares. We use a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to analyze these data. Our results show: certification schemes with strict standards and enforcement systems possess only insignificant market shares. Certification schemes with more significant market shares have either loose standards and/or ineffective enforcement systems. We develop a governance costs approach to explain these findings. Stricter standards and enforcement systems lead to an increase of production costs. The extents to which these costs can be shifted to the market are limited. Certification schemes therefore have incentives to reduce these costs in order to increase their market shares. The results confirm that the capacity of voluntary governance schemes is systematically restricted.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Private Voluntary Certification Schemes: A Governance Costs Approach","authors":"Thomas Dietz, Jennie Auffenberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2513254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2513254","url":null,"abstract":"What are the conditions under which private, voluntary certification programs like the Rainforest Alliance or Fairtrade can successfully promote environmental and social standards? We propose that the efficacy of a certification program depends on three variables: its sustainability standards, enforcement mechanisms and its market proliferation. The stricter the standards, the better the enforcement systems and the bigger the market share, the higher will be the factual impact of a particular certification program. We develop an index to systematically compare the strengths of norms and enforcement systems across a selection of important certification schemes in the global coffee industry and collect data about their market shares. We use a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to analyze these data. Our results show: certification schemes with strict standards and enforcement systems possess only insignificant market shares. Certification schemes with more significant market shares have either loose standards and/or ineffective enforcement systems. We develop a governance costs approach to explain these findings. Stricter standards and enforcement systems lead to an increase of production costs. The extents to which these costs can be shifted to the market are limited. Certification schemes therefore have incentives to reduce these costs in order to increase their market shares. The results confirm that the capacity of voluntary governance schemes is systematically restricted.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122799162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080614-115430
M. Burke, S. Hsiang, E. Miguel
We review the emerging literature on climate and conflict. We consider multiple types of human conflict, including both interpersonal conflict, such as assault and murder, and intergroup conflict, including riots and civil war. We discuss key methodological issues in estimating causal relationships and largely focus on natural experiments that exploit variation in climate over time. Using a hierarchical meta-analysis that allows us to both estimate the mean effect and quantify the degree of variability across 55 studies, we find that deviations from moderate temperatures and precipitation patterns systematically increase conflict risk. Contemporaneous temperature has the largest average impact, with each 1σ increase in temperature increasing interpersonal conflict by 2.4% and intergroup conflict by 11.3%. We conclude by highlighting research priorities, including a better understanding of the mechanisms linking climate to conflict, societies’ ability to adapt to climatic changes, and the likely impacts of future global warming.
{"title":"Climate and Conflict","authors":"M. Burke, S. Hsiang, E. Miguel","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080614-115430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080614-115430","url":null,"abstract":"We review the emerging literature on climate and conflict. We consider multiple types of human conflict, including both interpersonal conflict, such as assault and murder, and intergroup conflict, including riots and civil war. We discuss key methodological issues in estimating causal relationships and largely focus on natural experiments that exploit variation in climate over time. Using a hierarchical meta-analysis that allows us to both estimate the mean effect and quantify the degree of variability across 55 studies, we find that deviations from moderate temperatures and precipitation patterns systematically increase conflict risk. Contemporaneous temperature has the largest average impact, with each 1σ increase in temperature increasing interpersonal conflict by 2.4% and intergroup conflict by 11.3%. We conclude by highlighting research priorities, including a better understanding of the mechanisms linking climate to conflict, societies’ ability to adapt to climatic changes, and the likely impacts of future global warming.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134428679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic climate change is a fundamental challenge. Of the various responses to this “super wicked problem”, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one that has been mooted in Australia during recent years. While many commentators continue to question the technological and economic feasibility of CCS, a number of Australian governments have adopted a proactive stance to CCS by amending or enacting legislation to regulate CCS activities in their respective jurisdictions. To date, there has been little critical examination of these legislative regimes and their implications for the future role of CCS in Australia. Accordingly, this article will focus upon one central area of CCS regulation that has not been comprehensively addressed by the existing literature – that is, the extent to which emerging legislative regimes for regulating CCS activities in Australia facilitate access to procedural justice. Access to procedural justice will generally be facilitated in circumstances where the law gives procedural rights to members of the community of justice to: have access to information, participate in decision-making processes, and have access to review procedures before a court or tribunal to challenge decision-making or impairment of substantive or procedural rights. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the laws that have been enacted or amended to regulate CCS activities in Australian jurisdictions in order to identify standards of best practice for facilitating access to procedural justice. It finds that while many of the laws regulating CCS activities in Australia reflect clear attempts by government to facilitate access to procedural justice, some of these laws fall short of facilitating access to procedural justice in an adequate or sufficient manner. Recommendations for law reform are made with the aim of providing guidance as to how Australian CCS laws can better facilitate access to procedural justice in the future.
{"title":"Emerging Legislative Regimes for Regulating Carbon Capture and Storage Activities in Australia: To What Extent Do They Facilitate Access to Procedural Justice?","authors":"G. Dwyer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2555123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2555123","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic climate change is a fundamental challenge. Of the various responses to this “super wicked problem”, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one that has been mooted in Australia during recent years. While many commentators continue to question the technological and economic feasibility of CCS, a number of Australian governments have adopted a proactive stance to CCS by amending or enacting legislation to regulate CCS activities in their respective jurisdictions. To date, there has been little critical examination of these legislative regimes and their implications for the future role of CCS in Australia. Accordingly, this article will focus upon one central area of CCS regulation that has not been comprehensively addressed by the existing literature – that is, the extent to which emerging legislative regimes for regulating CCS activities in Australia facilitate access to procedural justice. Access to procedural justice will generally be facilitated in circumstances where the law gives procedural rights to members of the community of justice to: have access to information, participate in decision-making processes, and have access to review procedures before a court or tribunal to challenge decision-making or impairment of substantive or procedural rights. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the laws that have been enacted or amended to regulate CCS activities in Australian jurisdictions in order to identify standards of best practice for facilitating access to procedural justice. It finds that while many of the laws regulating CCS activities in Australia reflect clear attempts by government to facilitate access to procedural justice, some of these laws fall short of facilitating access to procedural justice in an adequate or sufficient manner. Recommendations for law reform are made with the aim of providing guidance as to how Australian CCS laws can better facilitate access to procedural justice in the future.","PeriodicalId":296234,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134461792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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