Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ANDESCON.2014.7098548
M. J. Cadena, Omar Nova, A. Ávila
A permittivity detector based on a 2D metamaterial implemented as a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line is presented. The leaky wave radiation exhibited by the CRLH lines is used as the operational principle of permittivity detection. A CRLH line consisting of interdigital electrodes as capacitive elements and short-circuited stubs as inductive elements is designed and fabricated on FR4 substrate. S21 parameter measurements of the implemented CRLH line are performed in the presence of air and three gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). Differences in S21 measurements of the three gases with respect to air, are used as evidence of the occurrence of leaky wave radiation. Quantification of such differences allows detecting the presence of a particular gas. The S21 measurements are compared with those of an implemented conventional transmission line (right-handed or RH transmission line), used as reference. The permittivity sensing capacity of the CRLH line is demonstrated. It is shown that the two RH lines used as access lines to the detector do not contribute to this sensing property.
{"title":"Proof of concept for a permittivity detector based on the leaky wave radiation of a CRLH transmission line","authors":"M. J. Cadena, Omar Nova, A. Ávila","doi":"10.1109/ANDESCON.2014.7098548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANDESCON.2014.7098548","url":null,"abstract":"A permittivity detector based on a 2D metamaterial implemented as a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line is presented. The leaky wave radiation exhibited by the CRLH lines is used as the operational principle of permittivity detection. A CRLH line consisting of interdigital electrodes as capacitive elements and short-circuited stubs as inductive elements is designed and fabricated on FR4 substrate. S21 parameter measurements of the implemented CRLH line are performed in the presence of air and three gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). Differences in S21 measurements of the three gases with respect to air, are used as evidence of the occurrence of leaky wave radiation. Quantification of such differences allows detecting the presence of a particular gas. The S21 measurements are compared with those of an implemented conventional transmission line (right-handed or RH transmission line), used as reference. The permittivity sensing capacity of the CRLH line is demonstrated. It is shown that the two RH lines used as access lines to the detector do not contribute to this sensing property.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114561016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995545
J. Alarcon-Salazar, M. Aceves-Mijares, I. Zaldívar-Huerta, J. Pedraza
Nowadays, there is a need to integrate in a single silicon chip all the components to have an integrated optoelectronic circuit. In this paper, a design and computational simulation that demonstrate that feasibility of coupling a rib type optical waveguide with a photodiode on silicon substrate is carried out. The final goal is to have an integrated silicon circuit with a light source, an optical waveguide and a photodiode self-aligned. Also, details on the design and simulation of the sensor and some proposals of the fabrication process to integrate them are presented. The proposed optical waveguide is a rib type that uses silicon nitride as core and it is able to propagate an optical signal between 400 to 800 nm. The design and simulation of the photodiode considers two different topologies, position of the optical waveguide and different substrate resistivity. A transversal photodiode relative to the waveguide end appears the best configuration.
{"title":"Design and simulation of an integrated waveguide and sensor: Towards a complete optoelectronic circuit on silicon","authors":"J. Alarcon-Salazar, M. Aceves-Mijares, I. Zaldívar-Huerta, J. Pedraza","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995545","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there is a need to integrate in a single silicon chip all the components to have an integrated optoelectronic circuit. In this paper, a design and computational simulation that demonstrate that feasibility of coupling a rib type optical waveguide with a photodiode on silicon substrate is carried out. The final goal is to have an integrated silicon circuit with a light source, an optical waveguide and a photodiode self-aligned. Also, details on the design and simulation of the sensor and some proposals of the fabrication process to integrate them are presented. The proposed optical waveguide is a rib type that uses silicon nitride as core and it is able to propagate an optical signal between 400 to 800 nm. The design and simulation of the photodiode considers two different topologies, position of the optical waveguide and different substrate resistivity. A transversal photodiode relative to the waveguide end appears the best configuration.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116319732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995559
Jorge Mario Garzón Rey, A. Arza, J. Aguiló
This paper presents preliminary results of an experimental study that aims to find an objective measure of emotional stress by using physiological variables. Biochemical stress markers, psychometrics tests and physiological signals were recorded during two different session to 40 healthy young adults (17 men and 23 women). The first session seeks to measure stress baseline state of each subject and the state of deep relaxation that is achieved by autogenic techniques. The second session seeks to measure the state of stress generated by a memory test and an arithmetic task, based on the Trier Social Stress Test. Psychometrics tests show an increment of 40% of stress level at the second session in comparison with the first session. Cortisol levels in men have a significant increments. Physiological signal show significant response to stress stimulus applied in the second experimental session. It can be seen that face temperature increases during the session due to vasodilation; meanwhile the hand temperature decreases the effect on vasoconstriction.
本文介绍了一项实验研究的初步结果，旨在利用生理变量寻找一种客观测量情绪压力的方法。对40名健康年轻人(17名男性和23名女性)进行了两次不同时段的生化压力标记、心理测量测试和生理信号记录。第一阶段旨在测量每个受试者的压力基线状态和通过自体技术达到的深度放松状态。第二部分是根据特里尔社会压力测试(Trier Social stress test)来衡量记忆力测试和算术任务所产生的压力状态。心理测量测试显示，与第一阶段相比，第二阶段的压力水平增加了40%。男性的皮质醇水平显著增加。在第二阶段的实验中，生理信号对应激刺激有明显的反应。可以看出，在会话期间，由于血管舒张，面部温度升高;同时，手部温度降低了对血管收缩的影响。
{"title":"Towards an objective measurement of emotional stress","authors":"Jorge Mario Garzón Rey, A. Arza, J. Aguiló","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preliminary results of an experimental study that aims to find an objective measure of emotional stress by using physiological variables. Biochemical stress markers, psychometrics tests and physiological signals were recorded during two different session to 40 healthy young adults (17 men and 23 women). The first session seeks to measure stress baseline state of each subject and the state of deep relaxation that is achieved by autogenic techniques. The second session seeks to measure the state of stress generated by a memory test and an arithmetic task, based on the Trier Social Stress Test. Psychometrics tests show an increment of 40% of stress level at the second session in comparison with the first session. Cortisol levels in men have a significant increments. Physiological signal show significant response to stress stimulus applied in the second experimental session. It can be seen that face temperature increases during the session due to vasodilation; meanwhile the hand temperature decreases the effect on vasoconstriction.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134224668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995544
L. E. Ribeiro, F. Fruett
Microfluidic devices depend on the miniaturization of some components such as sensors, actuators and reactors to enable its applications and expand the possibilities. In this context, we fabricated an actuator capable of pumping fluids through microchannels and ensure the portability of the microfluidic device. The actuator uses the magnetic field generated by a coil to move a neodymium magnet over a PDMS diaphragm. Thus, the pressure variation within the microchannel and its geometry “nozzle-diffuser” causes the fluid to move preferentially in one direction. Finally, the influence of the diaphragm geometry and the electromagnetic force were analyzed to improve the efficiency of the actuator.
{"title":"Simulation and fabrication of a magnetic actuator for pumping fluids in microchannels","authors":"L. E. Ribeiro, F. Fruett","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995544","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic devices depend on the miniaturization of some components such as sensors, actuators and reactors to enable its applications and expand the possibilities. In this context, we fabricated an actuator capable of pumping fluids through microchannels and ensure the portability of the microfluidic device. The actuator uses the magnetic field generated by a coil to move a neodymium magnet over a PDMS diaphragm. Thus, the pressure variation within the microchannel and its geometry “nozzle-diffuser” causes the fluid to move preferentially in one direction. Finally, the influence of the diaphragm geometry and the electromagnetic force were analyzed to improve the efficiency of the actuator.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995557
Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán, A. Baldi, C. Jiménez-Jorquera, C. Fernández-Sánchez, Raquel Gomez, V. Garcia
The sensitive and simultaneous detection of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at gold ultramicroelectrode arrays (UMEAs) is reported. The device performance was based on the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric technique. This consisted of the co-deposition of a layer of bismuth (Bi) together with the heavy metal target analytes onto the UMEA surface by applying a constant negative potential of -1.3 V for 360 s, followed by the stripping of the heavy metal alloy deposited by an anodic potential scan in a suitable potential window. Peaks at potentials ca. -1.0, -0.75 and -0.5 V were recorded and could be ascribed to the Zn, Cd and Pb stripping processes, respectively. Measurements were carried out in standard 0.1 M acetate buffer solutions pH 4.5, containing increasing concentrations of the three analytes. By using the peak areas, the corresponding calibration curves were constructed. The results showed a good sensitivity with a linear range from 10 to 70 ppb and a limit of detection of 7.5 ppb Pb, 5.3 ppb Cd and 9.2 ppb Zn, respectively.
{"title":"Stripping voltammetric detection of trace heavy metals using gold ultramicroelectrode arrays","authors":"Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán, A. Baldi, C. Jiménez-Jorquera, C. Fernández-Sánchez, Raquel Gomez, V. Garcia","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995557","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitive and simultaneous detection of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at gold ultramicroelectrode arrays (UMEAs) is reported. The device performance was based on the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric technique. This consisted of the co-deposition of a layer of bismuth (Bi) together with the heavy metal target analytes onto the UMEA surface by applying a constant negative potential of -1.3 V for 360 s, followed by the stripping of the heavy metal alloy deposited by an anodic potential scan in a suitable potential window. Peaks at potentials ca. -1.0, -0.75 and -0.5 V were recorded and could be ascribed to the Zn, Cd and Pb stripping processes, respectively. Measurements were carried out in standard 0.1 M acetate buffer solutions pH 4.5, containing increasing concentrations of the three analytes. By using the peak areas, the corresponding calibration curves were constructed. The results showed a good sensitivity with a linear range from 10 to 70 ppb and a limit of detection of 7.5 ppb Pb, 5.3 ppb Cd and 9.2 ppb Zn, respectively.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132459991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995538
Fernando Pastrana Rendon, F. Muñoz, A. Ávila
Over the last decades, nanomaterials have been incorporated on several products, from creams to space suits. The incorporation of nanomaterials into products has blow up the potential applications of nanotechnology for which revenues reached 1 trillion dollars. Carbon nanotubes represent a third of all nanomaterials in those products. Development of new products involves a life cycle. This cycle starts from the research lab to the production line, market and finally the landfills. Labs are scenarios where researchers are in contact with cutting edge materials with unknown side effects. The present document explores the requirements to safety handling of carbon nanotubes at research labs, limiting the exposure and avoiding the side effects from an occupational health view. It is the result of the development and implementation of safety protocols for carbon nanotubes handling at the engineering laboratories of the Universidad de los Andes. This protocol can be adapted to other institutions and companies.
{"title":"Carbon nanotubes risks, safety and occupational health at research laboratories","authors":"Fernando Pastrana Rendon, F. Muñoz, A. Ávila","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995538","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, nanomaterials have been incorporated on several products, from creams to space suits. The incorporation of nanomaterials into products has blow up the potential applications of nanotechnology for which revenues reached 1 trillion dollars. Carbon nanotubes represent a third of all nanomaterials in those products. Development of new products involves a life cycle. This cycle starts from the research lab to the production line, market and finally the landfills. Labs are scenarios where researchers are in contact with cutting edge materials with unknown side effects. The present document explores the requirements to safety handling of carbon nanotubes at research labs, limiting the exposure and avoiding the side effects from an occupational health view. It is the result of the development and implementation of safety protocols for carbon nanotubes handling at the engineering laboratories of the Universidad de los Andes. This protocol can be adapted to other institutions and companies.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128057197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995532
Maria Camila Guacheta, Adriana P. Ascencio, J. Osma, Jorge D. Gamarra
This document shows the development of a portable infrared sensor for the detection of sulfur components. The sulfur component usually are found in gas effluents of the tire pyrolysis process. This method is typically used like a mecanism for recycling tires, that is a huge environmental problem generated by the automotive growth. The pyrolysis process also generates greenhouse gases that cause phenomena such as acid rain [I] by the presence of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). So this is the target gas that in this proyect is going to be detected. This proyect has a implementation phase of the optical detection technology and test exposures of the sensor to the target gas. The sensor that was developed is a portable infra-red sensor for the detecction of the H2S, and satisfactory results were found at the detecction of the target gas.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a portable infra-red sensor for hydrogen sulfide (H2S)","authors":"Maria Camila Guacheta, Adriana P. Ascencio, J. Osma, Jorge D. Gamarra","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995532","url":null,"abstract":"This document shows the development of a portable infrared sensor for the detection of sulfur components. The sulfur component usually are found in gas effluents of the tire pyrolysis process. This method is typically used like a mecanism for recycling tires, that is a huge environmental problem generated by the automotive growth. The pyrolysis process also generates greenhouse gases that cause phenomena such as acid rain [I] by the presence of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). So this is the target gas that in this proyect is going to be detected. This proyect has a implementation phase of the optical detection technology and test exposures of the sensor to the target gas. The sensor that was developed is a portable infra-red sensor for the detecction of the H2S, and satisfactory results were found at the detecction of the target gas.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115893735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995534
M. A. Alvarado, M. I. Alayo
In this work, Aluminum Nitride (AIN) pedestal-type optical waveguides were fabricated and characterized. For the fabrication of these devices, a 0.6 μm-thick AIN film and a 1.5 μm-thick thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) film were used as core and cladding layer, respectively. AlN films were deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering using parameter conditions studied previously. The pedestal profile was defined using conventional photolithography, followed by plasma etching of the cladding layer. The pedestal height was varied in 0.6, 1 and 1.2 μm. Optical losses characterization were measured in these devices using the top-view technique at a wavelength of 633 nm for all three pedestal heights and with widths varying from 1 to 100 μm.
{"title":"Pedestal height influence on AlN pedestal-type optical waveguides","authors":"M. A. Alvarado, M. I. Alayo","doi":"10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBERSENSOR.2014.6995534","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Aluminum Nitride (AIN) pedestal-type optical waveguides were fabricated and characterized. For the fabrication of these devices, a 0.6 μm-thick AIN film and a 1.5 μm-thick thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) film were used as core and cladding layer, respectively. AlN films were deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering using parameter conditions studied previously. The pedestal profile was defined using conventional photolithography, followed by plasma etching of the cladding layer. The pedestal height was varied in 0.6, 1 and 1.2 μm. Optical losses characterization were measured in these devices using the top-view technique at a wavelength of 633 nm for all three pedestal heights and with widths varying from 1 to 100 μm.","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copyright page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/pdcat.2011.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pdcat.2011.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296271,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 9th IberoAmerican Congress on Sensors","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115703218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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