Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568755
T. J. Jenkins, N. Olohan
Trials are conducted at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, Boscombe Down, England to assess the susceptibility of military systems incor porating Electro-Explosive Devices. The paper describes some of the test facilities currently available at A&AEE and outlines some general trials requirements and problem areas. Some instrumentation techniques, developed by EMI Electronics Ltd, in direct support of A&AEE trials are described, including an improved tester for assessing susceptibility to switching transients, and improved EED sensors using hot carrier diodes and thin film thermocouples for measuring susceptibility of systems to external RF environments. Work proceeding at EMI to determine EED firing sensitivities at EF is also accounted.
{"title":"Some UK Techniques for Assessing RF Susceptibility of Electro-Explosive Devices in Aircraft Systems","authors":"T. J. Jenkins, N. Olohan","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568755","url":null,"abstract":"Trials are conducted at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, Boscombe Down, England to assess the susceptibility of military systems incor porating Electro-Explosive Devices. The paper describes some of the test facilities currently available at A&AEE and outlines some general trials requirements and problem areas. Some instrumentation techniques, developed by EMI Electronics Ltd, in direct support of A&AEE trials are described, including an improved tester for assessing susceptibility to switching transients, and improved EED sensors using hot carrier diodes and thin film thermocouples for measuring susceptibility of systems to external RF environments. Work proceeding at EMI to determine EED firing sensitivities at EF is also accounted.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116804722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568766
E. Bronaugh, D. R. Kerns
This paper describes the methodology and results of measurements performed to characterize the radiated emissions from a modern automobile V-8 ignition system. The overall radiated pulse shape and frequency distribution are described. Sample calculations are performed to determine the effect of these emissions on a 500 MHz communi cations channel in the 3.7 to 4.2 GHz frequency band. The overall pulse shape can be best described by a decaying exponential. For frequencies greater than 1 kHz the pulse produced a continuous monotonically decreasing frequency distribution which has a slope of 6 dB per octave. The resultant spectral amplitude distribution in the 500 MHz band between 3.7 and 4.2 GHz is nearly flat. The time domain representation of the signal present in the 500 MHz bandwidth between 3.7 and 4.2 GHz is a critically damped exponential pulse with a rise time of 0.37 ns and a fall time on the order of 2.1 ns. Measurements to determine the coupling effects of ignition emissions to a satellite earth station 42-foot full performance antenna are described. The results of these measurements show that the antenna, in its near field, has a very small effective area.
{"title":"Characterization of Single Vehicle Ignition Noise at 4 GHz and Related Susceptibility Analysis of a Satellite Receiving System","authors":"E. Bronaugh, D. R. Kerns","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568766","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the methodology and results of measurements performed to characterize the radiated emissions from a modern automobile V-8 ignition system. The overall radiated pulse shape and frequency distribution are described. Sample calculations are performed to determine the effect of these emissions on a 500 MHz communi cations channel in the 3.7 to 4.2 GHz frequency band. The overall pulse shape can be best described by a decaying exponential. For frequencies greater than 1 kHz the pulse produced a continuous monotonically decreasing frequency distribution which has a slope of 6 dB per octave. The resultant spectral amplitude distribution in the 500 MHz band between 3.7 and 4.2 GHz is nearly flat. The time domain representation of the signal present in the 500 MHz bandwidth between 3.7 and 4.2 GHz is a critically damped exponential pulse with a rise time of 0.37 ns and a fall time on the order of 2.1 ns. Measurements to determine the coupling effects of ignition emissions to a satellite earth station 42-foot full performance antenna are described. The results of these measurements show that the antenna, in its near field, has a very small effective area.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"557 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132939959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1976.7072934
S. Bloom, R. Massey
Radiated and conducted emission standards are derived for each converter in a multiple DC-DC converter system, allocated as a function of power rating. Analytical methods of predicting the emission and design techniques for achieving the standards are described. Recommended procedures and test equipment used to determine the actual emission level of each converter are also described.
{"title":"Emission Standards and Design Techniques for EMI Control of Multiple DC-DC Converter Systems","authors":"S. Bloom, R. Massey","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1976.7072934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1976.7072934","url":null,"abstract":"Radiated and conducted emission standards are derived for each converter in a multiple DC-DC converter system, allocated as a function of power rating. Analytical methods of predicting the emission and design techniques for achieving the standards are described. Recommended procedures and test equipment used to determine the actual emission level of each converter are also described.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124144432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-02-10DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568723
R. Burns
Electrical noise interference in low-level (approximately 50 ..mu..V), wide band (approximately 15 MHz) flux monitoring systems applied to nuclear reactor control causes safety and reliability problems. Others have shown that one predominant source of noise interference is conduction of currents in instrument cable shields and building conduits. Since these currents produce noise that is similar to signals produced by nuclear detectors, such noise interference reduces the ability of a reactor instrumentation system to determine the condition of a reactor. Model equations of ground noise interference were derived for a system model consisting of a sensor, coaxial cable, and an amplifier. These equations describe the effect of ground impedance, sensor impedance, transfer impedance, and connector resistance on both low-frequency (less than 100 kHz) and high-frequency (greater than 100 kHz) ground noise interference. Other model equations were derived for a system with a coaxial balun (a flexible coaxial cable wound around a ferrite core) added between the sensor and the sensor amplifier input. Analysis of the model equations reveals the effects of ground noise currents on instrumentation systems and the conditions for minimizing ground interference.
{"title":"Effects of Shield Impedance, Connector Resistance, and Coaxial Baluns on Ground Noise Interference in Nuclear Reactor Instrumentation Systems","authors":"R. Burns","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568723","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical noise interference in low-level (approximately 50 ..mu..V), wide band (approximately 15 MHz) flux monitoring systems applied to nuclear reactor control causes safety and reliability problems. Others have shown that one predominant source of noise interference is conduction of currents in instrument cable shields and building conduits. Since these currents produce noise that is similar to signals produced by nuclear detectors, such noise interference reduces the ability of a reactor instrumentation system to determine the condition of a reactor. Model equations of ground noise interference were derived for a system model consisting of a sensor, coaxial cable, and an amplifier. These equations describe the effect of ground impedance, sensor impedance, transfer impedance, and connector resistance on both low-frequency (less than 100 kHz) and high-frequency (greater than 100 kHz) ground noise interference. Other model equations were derived for a system with a coaxial balun (a flexible coaxial cable wound around a ferrite core) added between the sensor and the sensor amplifier input. Analysis of the model equations reveals the effects of ground noise currents on instrumentation systems and the conditions for minimizing ground interference.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116395013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/isemc.1976.7568770
{"title":"Co-Sponsors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/isemc.1976.7568770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isemc.1976.7568770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126242660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568715
A. J. Siegmeth
The paper presents an overview of solar system exploration, basic functions of the Deep Space Network (DSN), deep space microwave links, space research compatibility problems, and DSN's interference susceptibility. To maintain the operational integrity of competing radio systems using the microwave spectrum, the technology must extend to make possible the shared use of the spectral ranges without the ill effects of interferences. Suggestions are given which are only examples of many possible techniques that can eliminate or reduce interferences.
{"title":"Microwave Spectrum Compatibility in Planetary Research","authors":"A. J. Siegmeth","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568715","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an overview of solar system exploration, basic functions of the Deep Space Network (DSN), deep space microwave links, space research compatibility problems, and DSN's interference susceptibility. To maintain the operational integrity of competing radio systems using the microwave spectrum, the technology must extend to make possible the shared use of the spectral ranges without the ill effects of interferences. Suggestions are given which are only examples of many possible techniques that can eliminate or reduce interferences.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126880624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568696
R. Taylor, James S. Hill
An airborne electromagnetic-environment survey of some U.S. metropolitan areas measured terrestrial emissions within the broad-frequency spectrum from 0.4 to 10 GHz. A Cessna 402 commercial aircraft was fitted with both nadir-viewing and horizon-viewing antennas and instrumentation, including a spectrum analyzer, a 35-mm continuous-film camera, and a magnetic-tape recorder. Most of the flights were made at a nominal altitude of 10,000 ft, and Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Chicago were surveyed. The 450- to 470-MHz land-mobile UHF band is especially crowded, and the 400- to 406-MHz space bands are less active. Test measurements obtained up to 10 GHz are discussed. Sample spectrum-analyzer photographs were selected from a total of 5750 frames representing 38 hours of data.
{"title":"0.4- to 10-GHz Airborne Electromagnetic-Environment Survey of United States Urban Areas","authors":"R. Taylor, James S. Hill","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568696","url":null,"abstract":"An airborne electromagnetic-environment survey of some U.S. metropolitan areas measured terrestrial emissions within the broad-frequency spectrum from 0.4 to 10 GHz. A Cessna 402 commercial aircraft was fitted with both nadir-viewing and horizon-viewing antennas and instrumentation, including a spectrum analyzer, a 35-mm continuous-film camera, and a magnetic-tape recorder. Most of the flights were made at a nominal altitude of 10,000 ft, and Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Chicago were surveyed. The 450- to 470-MHz land-mobile UHF band is especially crowded, and the 400- to 406-MHz space bands are less active. Test measurements obtained up to 10 GHz are discussed. Sample spectrum-analyzer photographs were selected from a total of 5750 frames representing 38 hours of data.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116600214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568746
W. Burnside
The geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) is -a high frequency ray optical solution to electromagnetic problems. Using the ray optical approach the radiation from an arbitrary radiator can be described in terms of an astigmatic bundle of rays. By enforcing the conservation of energy, Fermat's principle, and using the velocity of light, one can write an expression for the field at S in terms of the field at 0. Using this concept, one can describe the reflected field from a general curved surface. These two solutions encompass traditional geometrical optics (GO). However, GO lacks generality in solving complex electromagnetic problems in that it does not take into account the diffractions which occur at edges, vertices, and various other discontinuities. Thus, Keller1,2,3 developed in the early 1950s the concept of GTD, which adds these significant diffraction terms to the GO solution. These additional diffraction mechanisms are briefly presented and applied to several practical problems in this paper.
{"title":"Computer Modeling of Electromagnetic Problems Using the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction1","authors":"W. Burnside","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568746","url":null,"abstract":"The geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) is -a high frequency ray optical solution to electromagnetic problems. Using the ray optical approach the radiation from an arbitrary radiator can be described in terms of an astigmatic bundle of rays. By enforcing the conservation of energy, Fermat's principle, and using the velocity of light, one can write an expression for the field at S in terms of the field at 0. Using this concept, one can describe the reflected field from a general curved surface. These two solutions encompass traditional geometrical optics (GO). However, GO lacks generality in solving complex electromagnetic problems in that it does not take into account the diffractions which occur at edges, vertices, and various other discontinuities. Thus, Keller1,2,3 developed in the early 1950s the concept of GTD, which adds these significant diffraction terms to the GO solution. These additional diffraction mechanisms are briefly presented and applied to several practical problems in this paper.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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