Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568702
G. Kunkel
A significant number of papers have been written with regard to the shielding of electromagnetic waves. These papers typically start with a simplified overview of the propogation of electromagnetic waves from a dipole antenna and then launch into a detailed mathe matical treatise associated with a specific problem related to shielding. More often than not, the problem is one of obtaining a specific level of shielding given specific barrier materials and/or configuration. The paper will outline the basic problem, de velops the mathematical model used to predict the shielding and then verifies the results with test data. The necessity of verifying the test results dictates that the assump tions used in the mathematical model can be reproduced exactly in the test configuration. This, in turn, necessitates the use of well definable mathematical models simulating the test configurations. The basic mathematical models used by industry to predict the level of shielding of a given barrier emulates the assumptions used by the authors presenting the papers on shielding. That is, they deal with radiated fields propogated from radiators in which the properties of the wave are known, and the shield is of a homogeneous material that can be considered infinite in size with regard to the specific design under consideration.
{"title":"An Overview of Problems Associated With the Design of Electromagnetic Shields","authors":"G. Kunkel","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568702","url":null,"abstract":"A significant number of papers have been written with regard to the shielding of electromagnetic waves. These papers typically start with a simplified overview of the propogation of electromagnetic waves from a dipole antenna and then launch into a detailed mathe matical treatise associated with a specific problem related to shielding. More often than not, the problem is one of obtaining a specific level of shielding given specific barrier materials and/or configuration. The paper will outline the basic problem, de velops the mathematical model used to predict the shielding and then verifies the results with test data. The necessity of verifying the test results dictates that the assump tions used in the mathematical model can be reproduced exactly in the test configuration. This, in turn, necessitates the use of well definable mathematical models simulating the test configurations. The basic mathematical models used by industry to predict the level of shielding of a given barrier emulates the assumptions used by the authors presenting the papers on shielding. That is, they deal with radiated fields propogated from radiators in which the properties of the wave are known, and the shield is of a homogeneous material that can be considered infinite in size with regard to the specific design under consideration.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"17 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113936383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568719
L. Allen, W. Walker, K. Siarkiewicz
{"title":"An Investigation of the Electromagnetic Properties of Advanced Composite Materials","authors":"L. Allen, W. Walker, K. Siarkiewicz","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127935649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568767
F. Mussino
Measurements of the r.f. impedance of the electrical network of cars - observed from several input. points - have been made. Using parameters that were averaged over the measurements, a normalized network - which is equivalent to the electrical system operating either as a disturbing source or as a disturbed load - has been determined. Though the measurements were performed in the frequency range 0.5 - 108.MHz with satisfactory results, the proposed normalized network should be used up to 30 MHz only: a more extensive investigation for frequencies above 30 MHz is necessary.
{"title":"R.F. Impedance of the Electrical Network of Cars","authors":"F. Mussino","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568767","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of the r.f. impedance of the electrical network of cars - observed from several input. points - have been made. Using parameters that were averaged over the measurements, a normalized network - which is equivalent to the electrical system operating either as a disturbing source or as a disturbed load - has been determined. Though the measurements were performed in the frequency range 0.5 - 108.MHz with satisfactory results, the proposed normalized network should be used up to 30 MHz only: a more extensive investigation for frequencies above 30 MHz is necessary.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114223035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568740
S. Cohn-Sfetcu
This communication intends to set the Walsh-Fourier transform and the concept of sequency in proper perspective with regard to the other Fourier transforms and the concept of generalized frequency. In doing this, it explains some peculiarities of the Walsh functions and the rather unpromising results, in spite of its computational advantages, achieved in many attempts to use the Walsh-Fourier transform in solving engineering problems.
{"title":"The Question of Sequency: A Spatial Interpretation of Walsh Analysis","authors":"S. Cohn-Sfetcu","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568740","url":null,"abstract":"This communication intends to set the Walsh-Fourier transform and the concept of sequency in proper perspective with regard to the other Fourier transforms and the concept of generalized frequency. In doing this, it explains some peculiarities of the Walsh functions and the rather unpromising results, in spite of its computational advantages, achieved in many attempts to use the Walsh-Fourier transform in solving engineering problems.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123537816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568754
R. Schulz, A. Baker
{"title":"Formalized Electromagnetic Support of Systems","authors":"R. Schulz, A. Baker","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127982782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568737
J. Chapman
Considered is the shape of the radiated electric field wavelet associated with a binary transition on an open transmission line. The field contribution from each differential element of the line is assumed to be propor tional to the time derivative of the line current at that point. The dependence of the wavelet shape upon the relative lengths of the transmission line and the transition is given for simple geometries.
{"title":"Transient Radiation from Digital Signals on Transmission Lines","authors":"J. Chapman","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568737","url":null,"abstract":"Considered is the shape of the radiated electric field wavelet associated with a binary transition on an open transmission line. The field contribution from each differential element of the line is assumed to be propor tional to the time derivative of the line current at that point. The dependence of the wavelet shape upon the relative lengths of the transmission line and the transition is given for simple geometries.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129626073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568765
R. Shepherd, J. Engles, G. Hagn
FIGURE 1 NOISE MEASUREMENTS ILLUSTRATING THE CONCEPT OF "SUPERNOISY" VEHICLES land mobile radio reception. Our measurements and those of others document the existence of these "super noisy" vehicles for various measurement parameters and frequencies. Figure lb provides another example--here the 2-GHz peak field strength measurements were made with a horizontally polarized antenna at 10 m from traffic on a California road. Of the six vehicles that passed in that several-second example, two were not observable above the receiver noise. In a larger sample at 2 GHz, about 807. of the vehicles were observable, and the noise from about 2% of the vehicles was 30 dB above the receiver noise.4
图1噪音测量说明了“超噪音”车辆陆地移动无线电接收的概念。我们的测量和其他人的测量记录了这些“超噪声”车辆在各种测量参数和频率下的存在。图lb提供了另一个例子——这里的2 ghz峰值场强测量是在距离加州道路交通10米的地方用水平极化天线进行的。在那几秒钟的例子中，经过的六辆车中，有两辆在接收器噪声以上没有被观察到。在2ghz的大样本中，大约807。约2%的车辆噪声比接收噪声高30 dB
{"title":"Automobile Ignition Noise and the Supernoisy Vehicle","authors":"R. Shepherd, J. Engles, G. Hagn","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568765","url":null,"abstract":"FIGURE 1 NOISE MEASUREMENTS ILLUSTRATING THE CONCEPT OF \"SUPERNOISY\" VEHICLES land mobile radio reception. Our measurements and those of others document the existence of these \"super noisy\" vehicles for various measurement parameters and frequencies. Figure lb provides another example--here the 2-GHz peak field strength measurements were made with a horizontally polarized antenna at 10 m from traffic on a California road. Of the six vehicles that passed in that several-second example, two were not observable above the receiver noise. In a larger sample at 2 GHz, about 807. of the vehicles were observable, and the noise from about 2% of the vehicles was 30 dB above the receiver noise.4","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120920927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568762
H. Garlan
Ignition interference has been a trou blesome problem from the very early days of broadcasting. Having solved the problem of interference to AM reception in the automo bile, the automobile industry faced a more serious challenge with the advent of tele vision broadcasting. This was largely solved by voluntary compliance with SAE Standard J551. Today, the automobile industry is fac ing even a greater challenge: The control of interference to land mobile communication.
{"title":"The Regulatory Situation With Respect to Automobile Ignition Interference","authors":"H. Garlan","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568762","url":null,"abstract":"Ignition interference has been a trou blesome problem from the very early days of broadcasting. Having solved the problem of interference to AM reception in the automo bile, the automobile industry faced a more serious challenge with the advent of tele vision broadcasting. This was largely solved by voluntary compliance with SAE Standard J551. Today, the automobile industry is fac ing even a greater challenge: The control of interference to land mobile communication.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568756
M. Lustgarten
An EMC Figure of Merit (FOM) for single-channel voice-communications systems, based on the channeldenial concept, was developed by using a buildingblock approach [1]. This approach assumes a co-site environment and involves the use of relatively simple scoring formulas for selected EMC parameters, which are linearly combined, with appropriate weighting factors, to calculate FOMs for transmitters, receiv ers, and systems (i.e., transmitter-receiver pairs). The parameters chosen for transmitters included spuri ous emissions, noise near the carrier (i.e., broad band emissions outside the band containing desired modulation components), and iritermodulation products. The parameters chosen for.receivers were spurious re sponses, adjacent-signal interactions, and inter modulation products. The parameter scoring formulas were developed to reflect the frequency spectrum de nied by each parameter. A channel was considered de nied if (S + N + I)/(N + I) < 10 dB in a moderately dense co-site environment. The weighting factors for the building-block approach were determined by run ning a computer program .that kept track of the number of channels denied by each parameter.
基于信道拒止概念，通过使用构建块方法开发了单通道语音通信系统的EMC性能图(FOM)[1]。这种方法假设一个共同的场地环境，并涉及对选定的EMC参数使用相对简单的评分公式，这些参数与适当的加权因子线性组合，以计算发射机、接收机和系统(即发射机-接收机对)的fom。为发射机选择的参数包括杂散发射、载波附近的噪声(即，包含所需调制成分的频带外的宽带发射)和红外调制产物。选择的参数。接收器是伪响应、邻接信号相互作用和互调制的产物。建立了参数评分公式，以反映各参数所否定的频谱。在中等密度的共址环境中，如果(S + N + I)/(N + I) < 10 dB，则认为信道不存在。通过运行计算机程序确定构建块方法的权重因子，该程序跟踪每个参数拒绝的通道数量。
{"title":"An Electromagnetic Compatibility Figure of Merit (EMC FOM) for Single-Channel, Voice-Communications Equipment (A Status Report)","authors":"M. Lustgarten","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568756","url":null,"abstract":"An EMC Figure of Merit (FOM) for single-channel voice-communications systems, based on the channeldenial concept, was developed by using a buildingblock approach [1]. This approach assumes a co-site environment and involves the use of relatively simple scoring formulas for selected EMC parameters, which are linearly combined, with appropriate weighting factors, to calculate FOMs for transmitters, receiv ers, and systems (i.e., transmitter-receiver pairs). The parameters chosen for transmitters included spuri ous emissions, noise near the carrier (i.e., broad band emissions outside the band containing desired modulation components), and iritermodulation products. The parameters chosen for.receivers were spurious re sponses, adjacent-signal interactions, and inter modulation products. The parameter scoring formulas were developed to reflect the frequency spectrum de nied by each parameter. A channel was considered de nied if (S + N + I)/(N + I) < 10 dB in a moderately dense co-site environment. The weighting factors for the building-block approach were determined by run ning a computer program .that kept track of the number of channels denied by each parameter.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131993349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568697
W. Duff, L. E. Polisky, R. E. Whitehouse
This paper describes a measurement task and the related data collection techniques performed by the Atlantic Research Corpora tion, Alexandria, Virginia, under contract to the Interstate Electron ics Corporation, Anaheim, California. The purpose o f the measure ments was to determine the RF environment at an altitude in excess of 5000 feet, over the state o f Florida and some o f the eastern offshore islands at four distinct frequency bands. The bands were: 39CM10, 1200-1300, 1500-1600 and 1800-1900 MHz. The data obtained were to be used to determine the best frequency band for a missile range tracking system from an EMC standpoint. The measurements were performed over a three-day period in November of 1974. A description of the measurement techniques and instru mentation, the aircraft used, the installation of test instruments and antennas, the flight paths flown, and the data collection techniques are presented.
{"title":"Airborne Electromagnetic Environment Survey","authors":"W. Duff, L. E. Polisky, R. E. Whitehouse","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a measurement task and the related data collection techniques performed by the Atlantic Research Corpora tion, Alexandria, Virginia, under contract to the Interstate Electron ics Corporation, Anaheim, California. The purpose o f the measure ments was to determine the RF environment at an altitude in excess of 5000 feet, over the state o f Florida and some o f the eastern offshore islands at four distinct frequency bands. The bands were: 39CM10, 1200-1300, 1500-1600 and 1800-1900 MHz. The data obtained were to be used to determine the best frequency band for a missile range tracking system from an EMC standpoint. The measurements were performed over a three-day period in November of 1974. A description of the measurement techniques and instru mentation, the aircraft used, the installation of test instruments and antennas, the flight paths flown, and the data collection techniques are presented.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"105 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133480988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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