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Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12064
Daishiro Nomiya
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引用次数: 0
Social Mentality in Contemporary Japan: Quantitative Social Consciousness Studies, by Toru Kikkawa. Osaka: Osaka University Press, 2016, 186 pp., ¥3,200 (pbk ISBN 978-4-87259-546-8) 《当代日本的社会心态:定量社会意识研究》,菊川彻著。大阪:大阪大学出版社,2016年,186页,¥3,200 (pbk ISBN 978-4-87259-546-8)
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12059
Tatsuo Komorida
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Lumber Networks in Forest Devastation: Economic Sociology of Rural Forest Household Business in Japan 木材网络在森林破坏中的作用:日本农村森林家庭经营的经济社会学:木材网络在森林破坏中的作用
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12068
Suehisa Ohkura

In this article, I utilize the perspectives of economic sociology to examine the structural background of forest devastation in Japan. First, I explore the factors behind cited problems for the forestry industry and demonstrate that expanded imports of inexpensively priced foreign-sourced logs do not sufficiently explain those issues. On that basis, I then demonstrate that the concepts and analytical tools offered by economic sociology are essential to a full understanding of relevant problems. Next, to understand how the current crisis differs from that experienced by forestry households in the 1980s, I turn my focus to changes in the social networks that supported the trade in wood products. The crisis witnessed a transformation that involved disembedding sawmills from the traditional wood trading networks that had relied on cooperative ties with forestry households. Eventually, social relationships between forestry households and sawmills were severed and these households became unable to address their economic difficulties through their existing practices. Given that context, I then examine the contrasting economic behavior of sawmills and forestry households and demonstrate that exposure to global price competition forced forestry households into uncontrolled over-cutting. Finally, I assert that economic sociology is better able to provide a more precise understanding of the true nature of the problems facing forestry in modern-day Japan than conventional economics with its adherence to the useful but insufficient principles of market competition and economic efficiency.

在这篇文章中,我运用经济社会学的视角来考察日本森林破坏的结构背景。首先,我探讨了所提到的林业问题背后的因素,并证明扩大进口价格低廉的外国原木并不能充分解释这些问题。在此基础上,我论证了经济社会学提供的概念和分析工具对于充分理解相关问题至关重要。接下来,为了了解当前的危机与20世纪80年代林业家庭所经历的危机有何不同,我将重点转向支持木材产品贸易的社会网络的变化。这场危机见证了一种转变,包括将锯木厂从依赖与林业家庭合作关系的传统木材贸易网络中剥离出来。最终,林业家庭和锯木厂之间的社会关系被切断,这些家庭无法通过现有的做法解决他们的经济困难。在这种背景下,我接着研究了锯木厂和林业家庭的对比经济行为,并证明了全球价格竞争迫使林业家庭进行不受控制的过度砍伐。最后,我断言,经济社会学比传统经济学更能准确地理解现代日本林业面临的问题的本质,因为它坚持有用但不充分的市场竞争和经济效率原则。
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引用次数: 1
Better Must Come: Exiting Homelessness in Two Global Cities, by Matthew Marr. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015, pp. 223, $75.00 (hardback ISBN-13 9780801453380, paperback ISBN-13 978–0–8014–7970–0) 《更好的未来:走出两个全球城市的无家可归者》,作者马修·马尔。纽约州伊萨卡:康奈尔大学出版社,2015年,第223页,75.00美元(精装本ISBN‐13 9780801453380,平装本ISBN‐13 978-0-8014-7970-0)
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12060
Kahoruko Yamamoto
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Living in Two Places on Conjugal Relations: “Instrumental” Characteristic of Norm of Love in China 两地生活对夫妻关系的影响——中国爱情规范的“工具性”特征
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12061
Jianming Yu

This research focuses on dual residences (living in two places) on Chinese married couples, a phenomenon with a unique Chinese social background, based on the analysis of 15 cases sampled in the form of interviews, exploring the influence of having dual residences on husband-wife relations and then further exploring its influence of the norm of love and how it works in China. There are three main conclusions. First, compulsory dual residence is closely connected to the rigorous systems of household registration and job allocation during the planned economy period. Voluntary dual residence is related to utilitarian values, including the pursuit of social status and income, against the background of the market economy. Second, at a time when to be working was the first and foremost goal for both men and women, compulsory dual residence was influenced by mainstream social norms that gave priority to work over relationships. Such recognition weakens the influence of dual residences on husband-wife relations. The influence of voluntarily having dual residences on husband-wife relations is mainly connected with how this situation comes to an end. Third, in China, the norm of love in coexistence with multiple values has not been shown to have a decisive influence no matter how the spouses were selected selection or how husband-wife relations are maintained.

本研究以具有中国独特社会背景的中国已婚夫妇双居现象为研究对象,通过对15个个案的访谈分析,探究双居对夫妻关系的影响,进而探究爱情规范及其在中国的作用。主要有三个结论。首先,强制性双重居住与计划经济时期严格的户籍和工作分配制度密切相关。自愿双重居住与市场经济背景下的功利价值观有关,包括对社会地位和收入的追求。其次,在工作是男性和女性的首要目标的时候,强制性双重居住受到主流社会规范的影响,主流社会规范将工作置于关系之上。这种承认削弱了双重居所对夫妻关系的影响。自愿拥有双重住所对夫妻关系的影响主要与这种情况如何结束有关。第三,在中国,无论配偶的选择方式如何,夫妻关系的维持方式如何,多元价值观共存的爱情规范都没有显示出决定性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Discourses on Non-conforming Marriages: Love in Taiwan 非婚配论:台湾的爱情
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12063
Hong-Zen Wang, Mei-Hua Chen

In contemporary Taiwan, arranged marriage seems a remote legend. However, the mainstream ideology of romantic love and marriage is a recent phenomenon that started only half a century ago. The debate on love and marriage that took place a hundred years ago has been reopened in current Taiwanese society on transnational marriage and same-sex marriage debates, which are regarded as non-conforming marriages in a specific historical period. We argue that the hegemonic ideology of romantic love has produced a powerful exclusionary effect on cross-border marriages based on ethnic and class discrimination, but also an inclusive effect on same-sex marriage in present Taiwan society, which underscores the power of the discourse of love in modern Taiwanese social life. The love discourse can be progressive in a specific historical conjuncture, but it can also be regressive by excluding other forms of intimacy.

在当代台湾,包办婚姻似乎是一个遥远的传说。然而,浪漫爱情和婚姻的主流意识形态是半个世纪前才开始出现的现象。发生在一百年前的关于爱情与婚姻的辩论,在当下的台湾社会重新开启了跨国婚姻和同性婚姻的辩论,这在特定的历史时期被视为不符合婚姻。我们认为,浪漫爱情的霸权意识形态对基于种族和阶级歧视的跨国婚姻产生了强大的排他性作用,但对当代台湾社会的同性婚姻也产生了包容性作用,这凸显了现代台湾社会生活中爱情话语的力量。爱情话语在特定的历史时刻可以是进步的,但它也可以通过排除其他形式的亲密关系而倒退。
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引用次数: 7
Power in Contemporary Japan, Ed. by Gill Steel. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 263, £86.00 (hbk ISBN-10 1137601663) 《当代日本的力量》,Gill Steel主编。纽约:Palgrave Macmillan,2016,第263页,86.00英镑(hbk ISBN‐10 113760163)
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12058
Christopher Bondy
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Love in Asia 简介:爱在亚洲
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12065
Jun Kobayashi, Masayuki Kanai, Saeko Kikuzawa
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship between High School Sector and Educational Success: Focusing on the Social Background of Private High School Students 高中部门与教育成功的关系:以私立高中学生的社会背景为中心
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12057
Ryoichi Nishimaru

This study investigates the influence of high school sector on educational success in Japan. A range of previous research on disparities among high schools has revealed that high school rank (based on the academic ability of pupils, etc.) originated from the democratization of high school. However, given that the democratization of high school is supported by private high schools, high school sector may become a factor for high school ranking. The data used for the analysis are the 2005 National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) in Japan. The results indicate that students who enter private high schools have lower academic ability than students who enter public high schools. By contrast, private high school students have greater educational success than public high school students. Moreover, this study reveals that private high school students are generally from a higher social class than public high school students. Given that the use of entrance examinations for private junior high schools has been increasing since the 1990s, in the future, the effect of private schools on educational success may become stronger in not only high schools but also junior high schools. This study thus emphasizes the importance of paying greater attention to the relationship between educational success and the private and public school sectors.

本研究调查了日本高中部门对教育成功的影响。先前对高中之间差异的一系列研究表明,高中排名(基于学生的学术能力等)源于高中的民主化。然而,鉴于私立高中支持高中的民主化,高中部门可能会成为高中排名的一个因素。用于分析的数据是2005年日本社会分层和社会流动性全国调查(SSM)。结果表明,进入私立高中的学生的学习能力低于进入公立高中的学生。相比之下,私立高中的学生比公立高中的学生在教育上取得了更大的成功。此外,这项研究表明,私立高中的学生通常比公立高中的学生来自更高的社会阶层。鉴于自20世纪90年代以来,私立初中入学考试的使用一直在增加,未来私立学校对教育成功的影响可能不仅在高中,而且在初中都会更强。因此,本研究强调了更加关注教育成功与私立和公立学校部门之间关系的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Have Japanese People Become Asexual? Love in Japan 日本人变得无性恋了吗?爱在日本
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12067
Jun Kobayashi

This article examines changing romantic relationships in contemporary Japanese society. It specifically investigates whether Japanese people in their twenties and thirties have become asexual; that is, whether they tend to have few sexual experiences or interests. Data were collected through an internet survey; this article uses a subsample of 9,940 respondents. The dependent variables were the number of lovers respondents had during and after junior high school; the independent variable was the respondents’ age. Regression analyses found a clear trend toward asexual behavior among young men (in their twenties and thirties). However, young women are not as asexual as the previous generation. This asexualization of men may have contributed to Japan’s sharply declining marriage and birth rates. If so, other Asian societies may learn lessons from Japan’s experiences in the future.

本文探讨了当代日本社会中不断变化的浪漫关系。它专门调查二三十岁的日本人是否已经无性恋;也就是说,他们是否倾向于很少有性经验或性兴趣。数据是通过互联网调查收集的;本文使用了9940名受访者的子样本。因变量是被调查者在初中期间和初中后有情人的数量;自变量是受访者的年龄。回归分析发现,年轻男性(二三十岁)有明显的无性行为趋势。然而,年轻女性并不像上一代那样无性恋。这种男性无性繁殖可能是日本结婚率和出生率急剧下降的原因之一。如果是这样的话,其他亚洲社会将来可能会从日本的经验中吸取教训。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Japanese Journal of Sociology
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