American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献_第9页

Incorporating Evolutionary Theory Into Forensic Anthropology Methods and Practice: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Skeletal Sex Estimation 将进化论纳入法医人类学方法和实践：一项使用骨骼性别估计的概念验证研究。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70137

An-Di Yim, Michala K. Stock, Allysha P. Winburn

Objectives

This study provides a proof-of-concept for incorporating evolutionary theory into forensic anthropology practice. Specifically, we test whether innominate measurements used in the DSP 2 sex-estimation method reflect known patterns of morphological integration and whether variable redundancy can be reduced without compromising classification accuracy.

Materials and Methods

Innominate measurements were obtained from published datasets totaling 3045 individuals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify clusters of measurements. Relative standard deviation of eigenvalues was used to assess the degree of morphological integration. Posterior probabilities of sex classification were computed using one variable per cluster (cluster-based approach) and compared to a randomly selected four-variable approach, consistent with the minimum recommended by the original study. Simulations were used to generate posterior distributions of accuracy and the percentage of samples reaching a decision threshold.

Results

Three distinct clusters of innominate measurements were identified, broadly corresponding to known modules of the innominate. The degree of morphological integration was higher within clusters than in the full measurement set or nonintegrated matrices. The cluster-based classification approach showed comparable accuracy (mean = 96.38%) to the randomized approach (mean = 95.64%) despite using only three variables. While fewer individuals were assigned a sex under the cluster-based method, the results demonstrated higher consistency.

Discussion

Results suggest that accounting for morphological integration can streamline sex estimation by reducing variable redundancy without compromising accuracy. This study demonstrates how evolutionary principles can improve the theoretical foundation of forensic anthropology methods and offers a framework for future method development grounded in evolutionary theory.

目的：本研究为将进化论纳入法医人类学实践提供了概念证明。具体来说，我们测试了DSP 2性别估计方法中使用的无名测量是否反映了已知的形态整合模式，以及是否可以在不影响分类准确性的情况下减少变量冗余。材料和方法：从已发表的数据集中获得匿名测量数据，共计3045人。主成分分析（PCA）用于识别测量簇。特征值的相对标准偏差被用来评估形态整合的程度。性别分类的后验概率使用每个聚类一个变量（基于聚类的方法）计算，并与随机选择的四变量方法进行比较，与原始研究推荐的最小值一致。模拟用于生成准确性和达到决策阈值的样本百分比的后验分布。结果：确定了三个不同的无名测量簇，大致对应于已知的无名模块。簇内的形态整合程度高于完整测量集或非整合矩阵。尽管仅使用三个变量，基于聚类的分类方法的准确率（平均值= 96.38%）与随机方法（平均值= 95.64%）相当。虽然在基于聚类的方法下被分配性别的个体较少，但结果显示出更高的一致性。讨论：结果表明，考虑形态整合可以通过减少变量冗余而不影响准确性来简化性别估计。本研究展示了进化原理如何改善法医人类学方法的理论基础，并为基于进化理论的未来方法发展提供了框架。

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引用次数: 0

New Middle Pleistocene Hominin Dental Remains From Velika Balanica, Serbia 塞尔维亚Velika Balanica中更新世古人类牙齿化石。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70133

Predrag Radović, Joshua Lindal, Petar Milovanović, Dušan Mihailović, Mirjana Roksandic

Objective

The cave site of Velika Balanica in Sićevo Gorge, Serbia, has previously yielded early Neanderthal dental remains from Layer 3a, dated by thermoluminescence to 285 ± 34 and 295 ± 74 ka. We describe and compare four additional dental specimens recovered from the Middle Pleistocene Layers 3a and 3b of the cave: a right I¹ (BH-8), a right I₂ (BH-7), an incisor crown fragment (BH-16), and a left M₃ (BH-15).

Material and Methods

The fossil teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT), and the resulting digital models were used to record dimensions and assess internal morphology, including the enamel–dentine junction (EDJ). Morphological traits were analyzed on both outer and internal surfaces. Dental measurements were compared to those of relevant hominin samples.

Results

BH-8 and BH-7 show large, robust crowns and roots, consistent with Pleistocene Eurasian hominins. Linear enamel hypoplasia is present in BH-8 and BH-16. BH-15 displays a continuous middle trigonid crest—a trait considered diagnostic of the Neanderthal lineage. Notably, BH-15 also presents an extreme case of taurodontism, as well as a severe antemortem tooth fracture accompanied by multiple pulp stones, which are rarely recorded in the hominin fossil record.

Discussion

These findings align with earlier results, reinforcing evidence for early Neanderthal presence at Velika Balanica around 300 ka. While Neanderthals may have been present in the region earlier, this represents the earliest dated evidence of their spread into the Balkans.

目的：在塞尔维亚Sićevo峡谷的Velika Balanica洞穴遗址，先前已经发现了来自3a层的早期尼安德特人牙齿遗骸，通过热释光可以追溯到285±34和295±74 ka。我们描述并比较了从洞穴中更新世3a和3b层中发现的另外四个牙齿标本：右I1 (BH-8)，右I2 (BH-7)，门牙冠碎片（BH-16）和左M3 （BH-15）。材料与方法：采用微计算机断层扫描（μCT）对牙化石进行扫描，得到的数字模型用于记录尺寸和评估内部形态学，包括牙釉质-牙本质交界处（EDJ）。外表面和内表面形态特征分析。牙齿测量结果与相关古人类样本进行了比较。结果：BH-8和BH-7具有大而粗壮的冠和根，与更新世欧亚人族一致。BH-8和BH-16出现线状牙釉质发育不全。BH-15显示出一个连续的中间三角嵴，这被认为是尼安德特人谱系的诊断特征。值得注意的是，BH-15还呈现出极端的牛齿症，以及严重的死前牙齿断裂并伴有多处牙髓结石，这在古人类化石记录中很少有记录。讨论：这些发现与早期的结果一致，加强了大约300年前在Velika Balanica早期尼安德特人存在的证据。虽然尼安德特人可能更早出现在该地区，但这是他们传播到巴尔干半岛的最早证据。

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引用次数: 0

Modern Human Dentognathic Remains From MIS 3–2 of Jianshan Cave, Southern China 中国南方尖山洞MIS 3-2现代人类牙颌化石。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70138

Shengnan Yu, Clément Zanolli, Ping Lai, Qingfeng Shao, Yanyan Yao, Hua Liang, Jiemei Zhong, Jiazhi Li, Qizhi Jiang, Wei Liao, Zhongping Lai, Wei Wang

Objectives

The evolution of modern humans in southern China during the Late Pleistocene is still poorly known. Well-preserved human fossils are scarce, and their chronological framework is often unclear or debated. We report two human teeth (M₁ and M₂) embedded in mandibular fragments from two individuals, recovered from Jianshan Cave. An integrated approach based on a secured stratigraphic and chronological framework has been employed. We test the hypothesis that these teeth exhibit stronger affinities to those of modern humans than to other Late Pleistocene hominins by using morphological comparisons and 3D imaging-based analyses.

Materials and Methods

We applied AMS ¹⁴C dating of charcoals, OSL of sediments, and U-series dating of fossils for chronological constraints. Conventional morphological description and metric analysis were used. In addition, diffeomorphic surface matching analyses of the enamel-dentine junction shape were conducted.

Results

The Jianshan teeth were dated to 33.5–19.5 ka. All analyses indicate that they belong to Homo sapiens. They exhibit similarities and differences with teeth from other sites, highlighting the morphological diversity of Late Pleistocene humans in southern China. Given the significant differences in lithic assemblages between Jianshan Cave and Bailiandong, it is possible that multiple waves of modern human dispersal in the region occurred during MIS 3–2.

Discussion

With this study, Jianshan joins the short list of MIS 3–2 paleoanthropological sites in attesting to the evolution of modern humans in southern China. More evidence with precise dating is needed before more elaborate interpretations can be proposed.

目的：中国南方晚更新世时期现代人类的进化尚不清楚。保存完好的人类化石很少，而且它们的年代框架经常不清楚或有争议。我们报告了两颗人类牙齿（M1和M2）嵌在尖山洞穴中发现的两个人的下颌碎片中。采用了一种基于可靠的地层和年代框架的综合方法。我们通过形态学比较和基于3D成像的分析，验证了这些牙齿与现代人类的牙齿比与其他晚更新世古人类的牙齿更接近的假设。材料和方法：我们使用AMS 14C定年法测定木炭，OSL测定沉积物，u系列定年法测定化石的年代。采用常规形态描述和计量分析。此外，还对釉质-牙本质结合部形状进行了差胚表面匹配分析。结果：尖山齿年龄为33.5 ~ 19.5 ka。所有的分析都表明他们属于智人。它们与其他遗址的牙齿既有相似之处，又有不同之处，突出了中国南方晚更新世人类的形态多样性。鉴于尖山洞与白莲洞的岩石组合存在显著差异，推测该地区在MIS 3-2时期可能发生了多波现代人类迁移。讨论：通过此次研究，尖山加入了MIS 3-2古人类遗址的候选名单，以证明中国南方现代人类的进化。在提出更详细的解释之前，需要更多的精确年代的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Positive Cortisol–Testosterone Hormonal Coupling Among Adolescents in Argentina and Jordan 阿根廷和约旦青少年皮质醇-睾酮激素耦合阳性。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70134

Delaney J. Glass, Jessica Godwin, Josefin Koehn, Eleanna Bez, Margaret Corley, Rana Dajani, Kristin Hadfield, Catherine Panter-Brick, Claudia Valeggia, Melanie Martin

Objectives

Puberty is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and gonadal (HPG) axes. It has been proposed that if HPA and HPG coactivate during pubertal development, the hormones cortisol and testosterone would be positively coupled during puberty and decoupled postpuberty. Our objective was to test for hormonal coupling in less-studied, non-Western populations.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed longitudinal and cross-sectional data from marginalized populations: Indigenous Qom/Toba females in Argentina (n = 46, 777 urine samples) and Syrian/Jordanian youth (n = 768, dried blood spots). We used Bayesian hierarchical models to assess the hypothesis that cortisol and testosterone are positively coupled during puberty but decouple at later stages.

Results

We found positive, age-specific cortisol–testosterone coupling among adolescents in both populations, with patterns varying by age and sex. Coupling increased across pubertal ages but did not decline at older ages, contradicting the expectation that there is hormonal de-coupling.

Discussion

This is the first study to demonstrate positive cortisol–testosterone coupling across adolescence in two socio-ecologically distinct, non-Western populations. While hormonal decoupling was not observed, coupling patterns suggest population-level differences in pubertal timing. These findings challenge assumptions derived from Western-based research and underscore the need for global, context-sensitive models of adolescent development.

目的：青春期是由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）和性腺（HPG）轴调控的。如果HPA和HPG在青春期发育过程中共同激活，那么皮质醇和睾酮在青春期期间是正偶联的，而在青春期后是解耦的。我们的目的是在研究较少的非西方人群中测试激素偶联。材料和方法：我们分析了来自边缘人群的纵向和横断面数据：阿根廷土著库姆/多巴族女性（n = 46, 777份尿液样本）和叙利亚/约旦青年（n = 768，干血斑）。我们使用贝叶斯层次模型来评估皮质醇和睾酮在青春期正耦合但在后期分离的假设。结果：我们在两种人群中都发现了阳性的、年龄特异性的皮质醇-睾酮偶联，其模式因年龄和性别而异。在青春期，偶联性增加，但随着年龄的增长，偶联性并没有下降，这与激素脱钩的预期相矛盾。讨论：这是第一个在两个社会生态学不同的非西方人群中证明青春期皮质醇-睾酮正耦合的研究。虽然没有观察到激素脱钩，但耦合模式表明青春期时间在人口水平上存在差异。这些发现挑战了基于西方研究的假设，并强调了对青少年发展的全球、情境敏感模型的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Non-Carious Cervical Lesions in Wild Primates: Implications for Understanding Toothpick Grooves and Abfraction Lesions 野生灵长类非龋齿性宫颈病变：对理解牙签凹槽和抽脱病变的意义。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70132

Ian Towle, Kristin L. Krueger, Kazuha Hirata, Mugino O. Kubo, Anderson T. Hara, Joel D. Irish, Carolina Loch, Matthew R. Borths, Luca Fiorenza

Objectives

In clinical settings, non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are often linked to abrasion, erosion, abfraction, or a combination of these factors. In archaeological and paleontological remains, the most common NCCL is the “toothpick groove,” yet little is known about the occurrence of these and other NCCLs in wild non-human primates.

Materials and Methods

Here, we examine 531 individuals from 27 wild extant and extinct anthropoid primate taxa for NCCLs. Macroscopic examinations were followed by microwear and tissue-loss analyses using multiple imaging techniques, including stereoscopic microscopy, confocal laser, handheld digital microscopy, and 3D tissue loss analysis.

Results

NCCLs were identified in 21 individuals, indicating a prevalence of 4% within the sample. The distribution of NCCLs was uneven, with multiple cases concentrated in certain taxa and populations, but they are identified in all major groupings (e.g., Platyrrhini, Cercopithecidae, Hominoidea). Two distinct lesion types were identified: (1) localized U-shaped lesions with internal parallel striations, indicative of regular contact with abrasive materials (i.e., attrition or abrasion); and (2) smooth, shallow lesions characterized by tissue loss along the recessed gum line, indicative of a multifactorial process that may involve acid erosion.

Discussion

Several attrition/abrasion NCCLs resembled or have characteristic features of “toothpick grooves” known from hominin samples, suggesting the need for further comparative analyses between human and non-human primates. The absence of abfraction lesions supports the view that abfraction may be related to contemporary human behaviors. These findings emphasize the value of non-human primate data for interpreting NCCLs in both contemporary and ancient human populations.

目的：在临床环境中，非龋齿宫颈病变（ncls）通常与磨损、糜烂、剥离或这些因素的组合有关。在考古和古生物遗迹中，最常见的NCCL是“牙签沟”，但对这些和其他NCCL在野生非人类灵长类动物中的发生知之甚少。材料和方法：本研究对27个野生现存和已灭绝类人猿灵长类类群的531个个体进行了nccl检测。宏观检查后进行显微磨损和组织损失分析，使用多种成像技术，包括立体显微镜、共聚焦激光、手持式数字显微镜和3D组织损失分析。结果：在21个个体中发现了ncls，表明样本中患病率为4%。NCCLs分布不均匀，多个病例集中在某些分类群和种群中，但在所有主要类群（如Platyrrhini， Cercopithecidae, Hominoidea）中均有发现。确定了两种不同的病变类型：(1)局部u形病变，内部平行条纹，表明与磨料物质经常接触（即磨损或磨损）；(2)光滑、浅的病变，其特征是沿牙龈凹陷线的组织丢失，表明可能涉及酸侵蚀的多因素过程。讨论：一些磨损/磨损nccl类似或具有人族样本中已知的“牙签凹槽”特征，表明需要进一步对人类和非人类灵长类动物进行比较分析。抽离损伤的缺失支持抽离可能与当代人类行为有关的观点。这些发现强调了非人灵长类动物数据在解释当代和古代人类群体中nccl的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Hominoid Hallucal Metatarsal Divergence and Tarsometatarsal Joint Morphology 类人猿幻觉跖骨分化与跗跖骨关节形态。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70129

Thomas C. Prang

Objectives

The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that variation in hallucal metatarsal divergence and tarsometatarsal joint morphology reflects mobility and stability across hominoids using a comparative morphological approach.

Methods

The comparative sample includes 896 3D models of extant hominoid first metatarsals, second metatarsals, intermediate cuneiforms, and medial cuneiforms representing 224 individuals across 10 taxa. The variables include the hallucal metatarsal divergence angle, articular surface areas, curvatures, and joint congruence indices. Linear modeling and information criteria were used to evaluate taxon, locomotor frequency, and ecology and locomotion effects.

Results

Extant hominoids vary in a predictable manner based on their ecological and locomotor differences. Humans and eastern gorillas have morphologies suggestive of a less divergent, less mobile hallux, whereas orangutans and hylobatids fall on the opposite end of the morphological spectrum. The models using a graded ecology and locomotion predictor variable substantially outperform those using binary locomotor predictors based on frequencies of arboreality and terrestriality.

Conclusions

The morphology of the hominoid hallucal tarsometatarsal joint reflects variation in ecology and locomotion. A large-bodied, forest-living ecological niche may select for hallucal grasping features in taxa that spend a large proportion of their locomotor budget on the ground because foraging for preferred foods and avoiding predators relies on vertical climbing, which is a relatively infrequent but potentially selectively advantageous locomotor behavior of African apes.

目的：本研究的目的是通过比较形态学方法检验幻觉跖骨分化和跗跖骨关节形态的变化反映人科动物的移动性和稳定性的假设。方法：比较样本包括10个类群224个个体的896个现存古人类第一跖骨、第二跖骨、中间楔形骨和中间楔形骨的三维模型。变量包括幻觉跖骨发散角、关节表面积、曲率和关节同余指数。采用线性建模和信息准则对分类群、运动频率、生态和运动效应进行评价。结果：现存的类人猿以可预测的方式根据其生态和运动的差异而变化。人类和东部大猩猩的足趾形态分化程度较低，活动能力较弱，而猩猩和足跖动物的足趾形态则处于相反的一端。使用分级生态和运动预测变量的模型大大优于基于树栖和陆地频率的二元运动预测模型。结论：类人猿幻觉跗跖关节的形态反映了生态和运动的变化。一个体型庞大、生活在森林中的生态位可能会选择那些将大部分运动预算花在地面上的类群的幻觉抓取特征，因为觅食喜欢的食物和躲避捕食者依赖于垂直攀登，这是一种相对少见的、但可能具有选择性优势的非洲猿运动行为。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of Mobility in Iranian Central Plateau at the Transition From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age: Research on Strontium Isotope Ratios in Human Remains From Estark-Joshaqan 伊朗中部高原青铜器时代向铁器时代过渡时期的人口流动模式：Estark-Joshaqan人类遗骸中锶同位素比值的研究

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70130

Joanna Trębicka, Javad Hosseinzadeh, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak

Objectives

There is a paradigm in Iranian archeology that a mass migration of nomads from the steppe north of the Caspian Sea to the Central Iranian Plateau occurred around the beginning of the Iron Age, leading to the domination of a mobile pastoral economy in the region. Such a hypothesis was tested through strontium isotope analysis of recently excavated human remains from the cemetery of Estark-Joshaqan, dated from the Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (c. 1800–800 BCE).

Materials and Methods

We measured the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in human dental enamel of 23 individuals from Estark and six individuals from nearby sites: Tepe Sialk (Parthian period) and Bidgol (Early Islamic period), all located near Kashan, Iran, and compared them to the local strontium isoscape based on 39 modern plant samples collected in the region.

Results

Available evidence does not support the hypothesis of permanent long-distance migration from a region with a different strontium isotope signature. Mobility was similarly low in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, although the local resource exploitation pattern may have shifted slightly between these periods.

Discussion

There is no clear indication of nomadism, and most likely, people from Estark were agropastoralists, using a relatively limited area for grazing their livestock. Our results open a new perspective in the research of the ‘dark age’ in the Central Iranian Plateau preceding the formation of the Median state.

伊朗考古学中有一种范式，即在铁器时代开始前后，游牧民族从里海北部的草原大规模迁移到伊朗中部高原，导致该地区的流动游牧经济占主导地位。通过对最近从Estark-Joshaqan墓地出土的人类遗骸的锶同位素分析，这种假设得到了验证，这些遗骸的年代从青铜时代晚期到铁器时代早期（公元前1800-800年）。研究人员测量了23名来自埃斯塔克的人类牙釉质中87Sr/86Sr的比例，以及6名来自伊朗卡尚附近的Tepe Sialk（帕提亚时期）和Bidgol（早期伊斯兰时期）的人类牙釉质中87Sr/86Sr的比例，并将其与当地采集的39份现代植物样本进行了比较。结果现有证据不支持从具有不同锶同位素特征的区域永久长距离迁移的假设。在青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期，流动性同样很低，尽管当地的资源开发模式在这两个时期之间可能略有变化。没有明确的游牧迹象，最有可能的是，来自爱沙尼亚的人是农牧民，使用相对有限的区域放牧他们的牲畜。我们的研究结果为研究伊朗中部高原在中位数国家形成之前的“黑暗时代”开辟了一个新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Cover & Editorial Board 封面及编委

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24973

引用次数: 0

Dental Microwear and Diets of Late Miocene Primates From Rudabánya, Hungary 来自匈牙利Rudabánya的晚中新世灵长类动物的牙齿微磨损和饮食。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70131

Peter S. Ungar, Anna K. Wilcox, David R. Begun

Objectives

This study focuses on a dental microwear texture analysis of European pliopithecids and dryopithecins from the Miocene primate site of Rudabánya, Hungary. The goal is to determine whether these taxa, found in part together in the same deposits, differed in their food preferences, or at least consumed, on a daily basis, in a manner that might have facilitated sympatry.

Materials and Methods

Here we report on a molar surface texture analysis of all available fossil primates from Rudabánya that preserve antemortem microwear. This includes both Anapithecus hernyaki (n = 14) and Rudapithecus hungaricus (n = 5, including one from Alsótelekes). Scanning confocal profilometry was used to generate point clouds, and texture complexity and anisotropy values were compared between the fossil taxa and contextualized with published data for an extant baseline series.

Results

Texture complexity and anisotropy values for both samples fall within the range of extant frugivorous primates. Further, while anisotropy does not differ between the fossil taxa, Rudapithecus has a significantly higher complexity average than Anapithecus.

Discussion

The difference in microwear texture complexity suggests that Rudapithecus individuals studied here consumed harder foods on average than did Anapithecus individuals did. This is consistent with the notion that dietary differences may have played a role in the niche separation of these taxa.

目的：对来自匈牙利Rudabánya中新世灵长类遗址的欧洲猿类（pliopithecids）和dryopithecins进行牙齿微磨损结构分析。研究的目的是确定这些部分在同一沉积物中发现的分类群是否在食物偏好上有所不同，或者至少在日常生活中以一种可能促进共生的方式消费。材料和方法：在这里，我们报告了来自Rudabánya的所有现存灵长类化石的臼齿表面纹理分析，这些化石保存了死前微磨损。这包括hernyaki Anapithecus （n = 14）和hungaricus Rudapithecus （n = 5，其中一个来自Alsótelekes）。使用扫描共聚焦轮廓术生成点云，并将化石分类群的纹理复杂性和各向异性值与现有基线系列的已发表数据进行比较。结果：两个样本的纹理复杂性和各向异性值都在现存食果灵长类动物的范围内。此外，尽管各向异性在化石类群之间没有差异，但鲁达古猿的平均复杂性明显高于无猿。讨论：微磨损纹理复杂性的差异表明，这里研究的鲁达古猿个体比无猿个体平均消耗更硬的食物。这与饮食差异可能在这些分类群的生态位分离中起作用的观点是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking Molar Wear in Captive Baboons: Sex and Age Effects Using a Modified Scott Scoring System 跟踪在圈养狒狒磨牙磨损：性别和年龄的影响使用修改斯科特评分系统。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70126

Kristin L. Krueger, Ian Towle, Gregory J. Matthews, Ana Álvarez Fernández, Leslea J. Hlusko

Objectives

This study evaluates molar wear progression in a captive baboon population under controlled dietary and environmental conditions. By comparing the dentin exposure ratio (DER) with a newly developed quadrant-based modification of Scott's dental wear scoring system (Krueger-Scott method), we evaluate how wear patterns vary by age, sex, and occlusal region.

Materials and Methods

Mandibular second molars (M₂) were assessed at two timepoints, during life and postmortem, in 201 captive baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. Krueger-Scott and DER data were collected from 3D intraoral scans processed in MEDIT Link software. The Krueger-Scott scores assigned ordinal scores (1–10) to four equal quadrants of each M₂ based on enamel facet development and dentin exposure. Statistical analyses tested relationships between wear progression, quadrant location, sex, and age.

Results

Krueger-Scott scores and DER values increased significantly between timepoints, indicating wear progression. However, Krueger-Scott scores revealed strong functional patterning: buccal and lingual cusps showed high within-group correlations and weaker cross-group correlations. Males showed significantly higher wear than females, despite being younger on average. The relationship between age and wear progression differed by sex.

Discussion

The Krueger-Scott method provided a more anatomically informative and efficient approach to tracking occlusal wear than DER. It captured regional wear variation and functional asymmetries that DER could not detect. Even under controlled conditions, sex-based differences in wear emerged, likely reflecting behavioral, morphological, or enamel structural variation. These findings offer a comparative baseline and demonstrate the utility of quadrant-level scoring for interpreting wear in extant and extinct taxa.

目的：本研究评估在控制饮食和环境条件下圈养狒狒种群的磨牙磨损进展。通过比较牙本质暴露比（DER）和新开发的基于象限的斯科特牙齿磨损评分系统（Krueger-Scott方法），我们评估了磨损模式如何随年龄、性别和咬合区域而变化。材料与方法：选取西南国家灵长类动物研究中心的201只圈养狒狒，在生时和死后两个时间点对其下颌第二磨牙（M2）进行了评估。Krueger-Scott和DER数据由MEDIT Link软件处理的三维口内扫描收集。Krueger-Scott评分根据牙釉质小面发育和牙本质暴露情况对每个M2的四个相等象限进行序号评分（1-10）。统计分析测试了磨损程度、象限位置、性别和年龄之间的关系。结果：Krueger-Scott评分和DER值在时间点之间显著升高，表明磨损进展。然而，克鲁格-斯科特得分显示出强大的功能模式：颊尖和舌尖在组内表现出较高的相关性，而在组间表现出较弱的相关性。尽管男性平均年龄更年轻，但他们的磨损程度明显高于女性。年龄和磨损程度之间的关系因性别而异。讨论：Krueger-Scott方法提供了比DER更解剖学信息和更有效的方法来跟踪咬合磨损。它捕获了DER无法检测到的区域磨损变化和功能不对称。即使在受控条件下，磨损的性别差异也会出现，这可能反映了行为、形态或牙釉质结构的差异。这些发现提供了一个比较基线，并证明了象限水平评分在解释现存和灭绝分类群的磨损方面的效用。

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