Iryna Protsak, Martin Stockhausen, Aaron Brewer, Martin Owton, Thilo Hofmann, Freddy Kleitz
The potential use of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) as nuclear fuels underscores the importance of developing materials for their sustainable recovery. The production of Th and U requires the separation of these elements from rare-earth elements (REEs) as they often coexist in various feedstocks. Equally crucial is efficiently isolating scandium (Sc) from REEs, considering its high-value status and pivotal role in advanced alloy technologies. This study introduces a new selective ligand-functionalized silica sorbent for extracting Sc, other REEs, Th, and U from solutions with varying pH and elemental compositions. The functionalized sorbent exhibits exceptional selectivity for Sc ions at pH 4 across solutions containing 3–20 elements. It also shows excellent selectivity for Th at pH 2 in 18- and 20-element solutions and substantial selectivity for U in 18- and 20-element solutions at pH 4. Additionally, it efficiently adsorbs neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and lanthanum (La) in Sc-free solutions with a given preference for Nd. The ligand-functionalized sorbent successfully undergoes ten cycles of reuse which along with its enhanced recovery performance toward targeted elements highlights its industrial application potential.
{"title":"Advancing Selective Extraction: A Novel Approach for Scandium, Thorium, and Uranium Ion Capture","authors":"Iryna Protsak, Martin Stockhausen, Aaron Brewer, Martin Owton, Thilo Hofmann, Freddy Kleitz","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400171","url":null,"abstract":"The potential use of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) as nuclear fuels underscores the importance of developing materials for their sustainable recovery. The production of Th and U requires the separation of these elements from rare-earth elements (REEs) as they often coexist in various feedstocks. Equally crucial is efficiently isolating scandium (Sc) from REEs, considering its high-value status and pivotal role in advanced alloy technologies. This study introduces a new selective ligand-functionalized silica sorbent for extracting Sc, other REEs, Th, and U from solutions with varying pH and elemental compositions. The functionalized sorbent exhibits exceptional selectivity for Sc ions at pH 4 across solutions containing 3–20 elements. It also shows excellent selectivity for Th at pH 2 in 18- and 20-element solutions and substantial selectivity for U in 18- and 20-element solutions at pH 4. Additionally, it efficiently adsorbs neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and lanthanum (La) in Sc-free solutions with a given preference for Nd. The ligand-functionalized sorbent successfully undergoes ten cycles of reuse which along with its enhanced recovery performance toward targeted elements highlights its industrial application potential.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Veciana, Sarah Steiner, Qiao Tang, Vitaly Pustovalov, Joaquin Llacer-Wintle, Jiang Wu, Xiang-Zhong Chen, Trust Manyiwa, Venecio U. Ultra, Beltzane Garcia-Cirera, Josep Puigmartí-Luis, Carlos Franco, David J. Janssen, Laura Nyström, Samy Boulos, Salvador Pané
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and health risks due to their ubiquitous presence and persistence in water systems. Herein, the efficacy of piezocatalysis using barium titanate nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation for the degradation and defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water is investigated. The research demonstrates a substantial 90.5% degradation and 29% defluorination of PFOS after 6 h of treatment, highlighting the potential of piezocatalysis as a promising approach for PFAS degradation. Additionally, the quantification of degradation products elucidates the transformation pathways of PFOS, suggesting a stepwise chain-shortening mechanism. The findings underscore the importance of continued research in optimizing piezocatalytic processes and exploring synergistic approaches with other advanced oxidation methods to effectively address PFAS contamination challenges. These efforts are essential for advancing sustainable water treatment strategies and mitigating the environmental and health hazards associated with PFAS contamination.
{"title":"Breaking the Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Chain: Piezocatalytic Decomposition of PFOS Using BaTiO3 Nanoparticles","authors":"Andrea Veciana, Sarah Steiner, Qiao Tang, Vitaly Pustovalov, Joaquin Llacer-Wintle, Jiang Wu, Xiang-Zhong Chen, Trust Manyiwa, Venecio U. Ultra, Beltzane Garcia-Cirera, Josep Puigmartí-Luis, Carlos Franco, David J. Janssen, Laura Nyström, Samy Boulos, Salvador Pané","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400337","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and health risks due to their ubiquitous presence and persistence in water systems. Herein, the efficacy of piezocatalysis using barium titanate nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation for the degradation and defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water is investigated. The research demonstrates a substantial 90.5% degradation and 29% defluorination of PFOS after 6 h of treatment, highlighting the potential of piezocatalysis as a promising approach for PFAS degradation. Additionally, the quantification of degradation products elucidates the transformation pathways of PFOS, suggesting a stepwise chain-shortening mechanism. The findings underscore the importance of continued research in optimizing piezocatalytic processes and exploring synergistic approaches with other advanced oxidation methods to effectively address PFAS contamination challenges. These efforts are essential for advancing sustainable water treatment strategies and mitigating the environmental and health hazards associated with PFAS contamination.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose I. Garcia-Peiro, Paula Guerrero-López, Felipe Hornos, Jose L. Hueso, J. Manuel Garcia-Aznar, Jesus Santamaria
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major challenge in oncology due to its highly invasive nature and limited treatment options. GBM's aggressive migration beyond tumor margins and rapid tumor growth hinders success in patient treatment. Localized therapeutic delivery, such as the use of transition metals like copper, is highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent for many potential biomedical applications. Herein, it is aimed to study the effects of Cu release on the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. To this end, novel copper-based nanostructures with different release patterns are designed. Using a complex 3D cell culture model to mimic the tumor microenvironment, it is shown that different patterns of copper ion release have a strong impact on GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing localized copper release patterns to tailor different tumor treatment strategies. They also show the potential and suitability of 3D microchips as instruments to study the behavior of tumor spheroids. In spite of their limitations, these 3D microdevices enable a controlled and close monitoring of the influence of environmental factors (such as the presence of Cu ions) on the proliferation and invasiveness of the cells, with a better approach to reality compared to 2D models and with a more controlled environment, compared to an in vivo model.
{"title":"The Pattern of Copper Release in Copper-Based Nanoparticles Regulates Tumor Proliferation and Invasiveness in 3D Culture Models","authors":"Jose I. Garcia-Peiro, Paula Guerrero-López, Felipe Hornos, Jose L. Hueso, J. Manuel Garcia-Aznar, Jesus Santamaria","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400206","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major challenge in oncology due to its highly invasive nature and limited treatment options. GBM's aggressive migration beyond tumor margins and rapid tumor growth hinders success in patient treatment. Localized therapeutic delivery, such as the use of transition metals like copper, is highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent for many potential biomedical applications. Herein, it is aimed to study the effects of Cu release on the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. To this end, novel copper-based nanostructures with different release patterns are designed. Using a complex 3D cell culture model to mimic the tumor microenvironment, it is shown that different patterns of copper ion release have a strong impact on GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing localized copper release patterns to tailor different tumor treatment strategies. They also show the potential and suitability of 3D microchips as instruments to study the behavior of tumor spheroids. In spite of their limitations, these 3D microdevices enable a controlled and close monitoring of the influence of environmental factors (such as the presence of Cu ions) on the proliferation and invasiveness of the cells, with a better approach to reality compared to 2D models and with a more controlled environment, compared to an in vivo model.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a novel multimodal cancer theranostic platform developed using tumor cell-coated biomimetic carbon nanohorn (CNH) complexes that encapsulate the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX). This platform combines photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to fight against malignant colorectal cancer. These engineered nanocomplexes are designed to deliver sufficient PTX molecules into a targeted solid tumor in a light-controllable manner while inducing significant photothermal and antitumor immune responses. The outstanding photothermal conversion property of the CNHs under near-infrared light enables effective cancer cell ablation and awakening of cytotoxic immune responses. Tumor cell membrane-coated CNHs show improved water dispersibility, immune evasion, and targeting capabilities alongside enhanced immune activation against tumors. The efficacy of the biomimetic functional CNH nanocomplexes is demonstrated through excellent tumor-targeting, controlled drug-releasing behavior, and induction of cancer cell death, contributing to a robust antitumor response. This study provides a promising approach to cancer treatment by integrating multiple therapeutic modalities into a single platform, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy to combat intractable cancer.
{"title":"Biomimetic Functional Nanocomplexes for Photothermal Cancer Chemoimmunotheranostics","authors":"Nina Sang, Yun Qi, Shun Nishimura, Eijiro Miyako","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400324","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel multimodal cancer theranostic platform developed using tumor cell-coated biomimetic carbon nanohorn (CNH) complexes that encapsulate the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX). This platform combines photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to fight against malignant colorectal cancer. These engineered nanocomplexes are designed to deliver sufficient PTX molecules into a targeted solid tumor in a light-controllable manner while inducing significant photothermal and antitumor immune responses. The outstanding photothermal conversion property of the CNHs under near-infrared light enables effective cancer cell ablation and awakening of cytotoxic immune responses. Tumor cell membrane-coated CNHs show improved water dispersibility, immune evasion, and targeting capabilities alongside enhanced immune activation against tumors. The efficacy of the biomimetic functional CNH nanocomplexes is demonstrated through excellent tumor-targeting, controlled drug-releasing behavior, and induction of cancer cell death, contributing to a robust antitumor response. This study provides a promising approach to cancer treatment by integrating multiple therapeutic modalities into a single platform, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy to combat intractable cancer.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"232 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco G. Moscoso, Juan J. Romero-Guerrero, David Rodriguez-Lucena, José María Pedrosa, Carolina Carrillo-Carrión
The well-known and excellent colorimetric sensing capacity of porphyrins, along with the exceptional structural properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), make porphyrin-based MOFs, such as PCN-222, ideal candidates for the construction of a chemical sensor based on absorbance. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no high-quality porphyrin-based MOF gas sensors have been developed to date, most likely due to the difficulties in: 1) preparing nanosized porphyrin-MOFs to minimize scattering in absorbance measurements; and 2) incorporating MOFs into transparent membranes for practical use. Herein, a simple and fast microwave-assisted method for preparing high-quality nanosized PCN-222 crystals and their metalated derivatives PCN-222(M) is reported to finely tune the sensing response. Next, the successful dispersion of these PCN-222(M) nanoparticles into poly(dimethylsiloxane) to create flexible and transparent membranes is demonstrated. This integration yields a multiresponsive optical gas sensor exhibiting excellent sensitivity and the ability to discriminate between various volatile organic compounds via pattern recognition identification.
{"title":"Nanosized Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Construction of Transparent Membranes as a Multiresponsive Optical Gas Sensor","authors":"Francisco G. Moscoso, Juan J. Romero-Guerrero, David Rodriguez-Lucena, José María Pedrosa, Carolina Carrillo-Carrión","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400210","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known and excellent colorimetric sensing capacity of porphyrins, along with the exceptional structural properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), make porphyrin-based MOFs, such as PCN-222, ideal candidates for the construction of a chemical sensor based on absorbance. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no high-quality porphyrin-based MOF gas sensors have been developed to date, most likely due to the difficulties in: 1) preparing nanosized porphyrin-MOFs to minimize scattering in absorbance measurements; and 2) incorporating MOFs into transparent membranes for practical use. Herein, a simple and fast microwave-assisted method for preparing high-quality nanosized PCN-222 crystals and their metalated derivatives PCN-222(M) is reported to finely tune the sensing response. Next, the successful dispersion of these PCN-222(M) nanoparticles into poly(dimethylsiloxane) to create flexible and transparent membranes is demonstrated. This integration yields a multiresponsive optical gas sensor exhibiting excellent sensitivity and the ability to discriminate between various volatile organic compounds via pattern recognition identification.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"393 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Pei, Yongsen Zhou, Yu Yang, Jiaxiang Ma, Rangli Cao, Wen Huang, Liliang Ouyang, Shengli Mi, Zhuo Xiong
DNA has emerged as a promising storage medium to meet the soaring need for archival data storage because of its exceptional storage density and stability. However, current DNA-based data storage systems are incompetent of achieving high-quality random multiplexed access and frequently accessed data storage, which impedes its practical applications. Here, a dual-mode storage system is proposed that combines DNA-based archival data and nanodot-based active data. This novel data-storage system is constructed by writing the active and archival data on the same substrate through a facile two-step process involving scanning probe lithography (SPL), DNA synthesis, and chemical immobilization. The data files are categorized and stored orderly in different microregions of the substrate to achieve efficient random access. On each microregion, the nanodot array stores not only the concise information for the archival DNA data but also contains the corresponding primer sequence. Such interrelation between active and archival data allows for facilely data reading by efficient microscopic modalities and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Facilitated by the integration of nanodot and DNA, this novel dual-mode storage system demonstrates efficient data access and the potential of excellent storing capacity, paving the way for the advancement of DNA-based data storage.
DNA 因其出色的存储密度和稳定性，已成为一种很有前途的存储介质，可满足日益增长的档案数据存储需求。然而，目前基于 DNA 的数据存储系统无法实现高质量的随机多路访问和频繁访问数据存储，这阻碍了其实际应用。本文提出了一种双模式存储系统，将基于 DNA 的档案数据和基于纳米点的活动数据结合起来。这种新颖的数据存储系统是通过扫描探针光刻（SPL）、DNA 合成和化学固定两个简单步骤在同一基底上写入活动数据和档案数据而构建的。数据文件被分类并有序地存储在基底的不同微区，以实现高效的随机存取。在每个微区，纳米点阵列不仅存储了存档 DNA 数据的简明信息，还包含相应的引物序列。活性数据和存档数据之间的这种相互关系，可以方便地通过高效显微模式和原位聚合酶链反应（PCR）读取数据。这种新型双模式存储系统通过纳米点和 DNA 的整合，展示了高效的数据访问能力和出色的存储容量潜力，为推动基于 DNA 的数据存储铺平了道路。
{"title":"A Novel DNA-Based Dual-Mode Data Storage System with Interrelated Concise and Detailed Data","authors":"Ben Pei, Yongsen Zhou, Yu Yang, Jiaxiang Ma, Rangli Cao, Wen Huang, Liliang Ouyang, Shengli Mi, Zhuo Xiong","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400094","url":null,"abstract":"DNA has emerged as a promising storage medium to meet the soaring need for archival data storage because of its exceptional storage density and stability. However, current DNA-based data storage systems are incompetent of achieving high-quality random multiplexed access and frequently accessed data storage, which impedes its practical applications. Here, a dual-mode storage system is proposed that combines DNA-based archival data and nanodot-based active data. This novel data-storage system is constructed by writing the active and archival data on the same substrate through a facile two-step process involving scanning probe lithography (SPL), DNA synthesis, and chemical immobilization. The data files are categorized and stored orderly in different microregions of the substrate to achieve efficient random access. On each microregion, the nanodot array stores not only the concise information for the archival DNA data but also contains the corresponding primer sequence. Such interrelation between active and archival data allows for facilely data reading by efficient microscopic modalities and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Facilitated by the integration of nanodot and DNA, this novel dual-mode storage system demonstrates efficient data access and the potential of excellent storing capacity, paving the way for the advancement of DNA-based data storage.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silke Notter, Dolma Choezom, Titus Griebel, Fernanda Ramos-Gomes, Wiebke Möbius, Tiago De Oliveira, Lena-Christin Conradi, Frauke Alves, Claus Feldmann
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, requiring novel drug-delivery concepts. ITC@ZrO(TocP)/ZrO(FdUMP) core@shell nanocarriers (designated ITC-FdUMP-NC) with the clinically relevant chemotherapeutics irinotecan (ITC) and fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-phosphate (FdUMP) (active derivative of 5′-fluorouracil/5-FU) are a new type of nanocarrier with high drug payload (22 wt% of lipophilic ITC: particle core; 10 wt% of hydrophilic FdUMP: particle shell). The nanocarriers are tested in different CRC cell lines, a normal cell line, and rectal cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Fluorescence-labeled nanocarriers show efficient uptake by all CRC cells and allow to distinctly track the intracellular trafficking toward endolysosomal compartments. Although free chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit a greater potency in 2D cell cultures, ITC-FdUMP-NC demonstrate equivalent cytotoxic efficacies as the freely dissolved drugs in the more complex 3D rectal cancer PDOs. The sustained drug-release profile of the nanocarriers contrasts favorably with conventional free drugs, potentially enhancing the therapeutic outcome in vivo. With a chemotherapeutic cocktail comparable to the clinically applied FOLFIRI (ITC + 5-FU), the ITC-FdUMP-NC represent a novel type of nanocarrier with high anti-tumor effect and high drug payload, offering a promising strategy to circumvent chemoresistance and to improve therapy efficacy in vivo with less side effects.
{"title":"High-Load Core@Shell Nanocarriers with Irinotecan and 5-Fluorouracil for Combination Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Silke Notter, Dolma Choezom, Titus Griebel, Fernanda Ramos-Gomes, Wiebke Möbius, Tiago De Oliveira, Lena-Christin Conradi, Frauke Alves, Claus Feldmann","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400196","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer type and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, requiring novel drug-delivery concepts. ITC@ZrO(TocP)/ZrO(FdUMP) core@shell nanocarriers (designated ITC-FdUMP-NC) with the clinically relevant chemotherapeutics irinotecan (ITC) and fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-phosphate (FdUMP) (active derivative of 5′-fluorouracil/5-FU) are a new type of nanocarrier with high drug payload (22 wt% of lipophilic ITC: particle core; 10 wt% of hydrophilic FdUMP: particle shell). The nanocarriers are tested in different CRC cell lines, a normal cell line, and rectal cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Fluorescence-labeled nanocarriers show efficient uptake by all CRC cells and allow to distinctly track the intracellular trafficking toward endolysosomal compartments. Although free chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit a greater potency in 2D cell cultures, ITC-FdUMP-NC demonstrate equivalent cytotoxic efficacies as the freely dissolved drugs in the more complex 3D rectal cancer PDOs. The sustained drug-release profile of the nanocarriers contrasts favorably with conventional free drugs, potentially enhancing the therapeutic outcome in vivo. With a chemotherapeutic cocktail comparable to the clinically applied FOLFIRI (ITC + 5-FU), the ITC-FdUMP-NC represent a novel type of nanocarrier with high anti-tumor effect and high drug payload, offering a promising strategy to circumvent chemoresistance and to improve therapy efficacy in vivo with less side effects.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanan Cui, Seung Hun Park, Wesley R. Stiles, Atsushi Yamashita, Jason Dihn, Richard S. Kim, Yadong Zhang, Xiaoran Yin, Yoonji Baek, Haoran Wang, Kai Bao, Homan Kang, Hak Soo Choi
The use of ligand conjugation onto nanoparticle surfaces as an active targeting strategy has gained significant attention in the pursuit of improving tumor-specific delivery and retention. However, the chemical conjugation of targeting moieties often induces alterations in the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, conformation, charge-to-mass ratio, and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, resulting in unexpected biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles. Here, the enhanced active targeting efficiency achieved by integrating cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides onto ultrasmall nanocarrier H-dot while preserving its essential physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes is investigated. The resulting cRGD/H-dots demonstrate improved cellular uptake via integrin αvβ3 receptors, accompanied by negligible cytotoxicity. Notably, the active targeting efficacy of cRGD/H-dots compared to unmodified H-dots (1.2%ID/g, two-fold increase) is quantitatively evaluated, validated through fluorescence imaging and histological analysis. The findings highlight that cRGD/H-dots offer enhanced tumor targetability and prolonged tumoral retention while maintaining active renal clearance of unbound molecules.
{"title":"Renal Clearable H-Dots Leveraging Ligand Complexation for Enhanced Active Tumor Targeting","authors":"Yanan Cui, Seung Hun Park, Wesley R. Stiles, Atsushi Yamashita, Jason Dihn, Richard S. Kim, Yadong Zhang, Xiaoran Yin, Yoonji Baek, Haoran Wang, Kai Bao, Homan Kang, Hak Soo Choi","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400246","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ligand conjugation onto nanoparticle surfaces as an active targeting strategy has gained significant attention in the pursuit of improving tumor-specific delivery and retention. However, the chemical conjugation of targeting moieties often induces alterations in the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, conformation, charge-to-mass ratio, and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, resulting in unexpected biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles. Here, the enhanced active targeting efficiency achieved by integrating cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides onto ultrasmall nanocarrier H-dot while preserving its essential physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes is investigated. The resulting cRGD/H-dots demonstrate improved cellular uptake via integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> receptors, accompanied by negligible cytotoxicity. Notably, the active targeting efficacy of cRGD/H-dots compared to unmodified H-dots (1.2%ID/g, two-fold increase) is quantitatively evaluated, validated through fluorescence imaging and histological analysis. The findings highlight that cRGD/H-dots offer enhanced tumor targetability and prolonged tumoral retention while maintaining active renal clearance of unbound molecules.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Vasquez-Muñoz, Fabian Rohne, Isabel Meier, Cevin Braksch, Nino Lomadze, Anahita Heraji Esfahani, Anne Nitschke, Andreas Taubert, Svetlana Santer, Matthias Hartlieb, Marek Bekir
Separation of equally sized particles distinguished solely by interfacial properties remains a highly challenging task. Herein, a particle fractioning method is proposed, which is suitable to differentiate between polymer-grafted microparticles that are equal in size. The separation relies on the combination of a pressure driven microfluidic flow, together with simultaneous light illumination and temperature control. Heating the solution forces thermo-responsive surface grafts to undergo a volume phase transition and therefore locally changing the interfacial properties of the microparticles. Light illumination induces the phoretic/osmotic activity of the microparticles and lifts them into a higher plane, where hovering particles experience a different shear stress proportional to the height. The light-induced hovering height depends on the interfacial properties, and this complex interaction leads to different movements of the microparticles as a function of their surface grafting. The concepts are visualized in experimental studies, where the complex physical principle provides a simple method for fractioning a binary mixture with at least one thermo-responsive polymer graft.
{"title":"Separation of Surface Grafted Microparticles via Light and Temperature","authors":"Daniela Vasquez-Muñoz, Fabian Rohne, Isabel Meier, Cevin Braksch, Nino Lomadze, Anahita Heraji Esfahani, Anne Nitschke, Andreas Taubert, Svetlana Santer, Matthias Hartlieb, Marek Bekir","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400146","url":null,"abstract":"Separation of equally sized particles distinguished solely by interfacial properties remains a highly challenging task. Herein, a particle fractioning method is proposed, which is suitable to differentiate between polymer-grafted microparticles that are equal in size. The separation relies on the combination of a pressure driven microfluidic flow, together with simultaneous light illumination and temperature control. Heating the solution forces thermo-responsive surface grafts to undergo a volume phase transition and therefore locally changing the interfacial properties of the microparticles. Light illumination induces the phoretic/osmotic activity of the microparticles and lifts them into a higher plane, where hovering particles experience a different shear stress proportional to the height. The light-induced hovering height depends on the interfacial properties, and this complex interaction leads to different movements of the microparticles as a function of their surface grafting. The concepts are visualized in experimental studies, where the complex physical principle provides a simple method for fractioning a binary mixture with at least one thermo-responsive polymer graft.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao Yu, Sampa Sarkar, Z. L. Shaw, Brendan Dyett, Xudong Cai, Sue Lyn Yap, Charlotte E. Conn, Aaron Elbourne, Calum J. Drummond, Jiali Zhai
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health crisis demanding innovative solutions. Traditional antibiotics, though pivotal over the past century in combating bacterial infections, face diminished efficacy against evolving bacterial defense mechanisms, especially in Gram-negative strains. This study explores self-assembled ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with the incorporation of two ionizable lipid components (one cationic, one anionic) in nanocarriers for advanced antimicrobial drug delivery of the broad-spectrum antibiotic Piperacillin (Pip). Incorporating cationic ionizable lipid ALC-0315, recognized as a functional lipid in the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, into LNPs allowed mesophase transition, pH responsiveness, and ionization behavior in acidic environments found in sites of bacterial infections, to be studied using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and a 2-(p-toluidino)-6-naphthalene sulfonic acid assay. Incorporating another anionic ionizable lipid, oleic acid not only modulates the LNPs’ physicochemical properties, such as size, internal phase nanostructure, and surface charge but also synergistically enhances the antimicrobial potency together with ALC-0315 with a benefit enhancing permeability and fusion with bacterial membranes. This study introduces a strategy for tailoring ionizable lipid compositions in LNPs, providing a new approach to antimicrobial treatment contributing to the fight against AMR.
{"title":"Ionizable Lipid Containing Nanocarriers for Antimicrobial Agent Delivery","authors":"Haitao Yu, Sampa Sarkar, Z. L. Shaw, Brendan Dyett, Xudong Cai, Sue Lyn Yap, Charlotte E. Conn, Aaron Elbourne, Calum J. Drummond, Jiali Zhai","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400145","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health crisis demanding innovative solutions. Traditional antibiotics, though pivotal over the past century in combating bacterial infections, face diminished efficacy against evolving bacterial defense mechanisms, especially in Gram-negative strains. This study explores self-assembled ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with the incorporation of two ionizable lipid components (one cationic, one anionic) in nanocarriers for advanced antimicrobial drug delivery of the broad-spectrum antibiotic Piperacillin (Pip). Incorporating cationic ionizable lipid ALC-0315, recognized as a functional lipid in the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, into LNPs allowed mesophase transition, pH responsiveness, and ionization behavior in acidic environments found in sites of bacterial infections, to be studied using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and a 2-(p-toluidino)-6-naphthalene sulfonic acid assay. Incorporating another anionic ionizable lipid, oleic acid not only modulates the LNPs’ physicochemical properties, such as size, internal phase nanostructure, and surface charge but also synergistically enhances the antimicrobial potency together with ALC-0315 with a benefit enhancing permeability and fusion with bacterial membranes. This study introduces a strategy for tailoring ionizable lipid compositions in LNPs, providing a new approach to antimicrobial treatment contributing to the fight against AMR.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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