Insecurity has been one of the many challenges implicated as the biggest developmental and growth obstacle facing Nigeria as a nation. Since the independent in 1960, the country developmental strides have been hampered by one form of insecurity or the other. The country over the decades has experienced high rate of poverty, youth unemployment, widening income disparity, clashes and conflict, and violence among others with over 70% of her population living below poverty line. Security is undoubtedly the pillar upon which every meaningful development could be achieved and sustained. Lend credence to this assertion, most advanced nations of the world place high premium on security. Whilst Nigeria is richly blessed with abundant natural resources and human capital, negligence to numerous challenges of insecurity of the environment appears to have created porous security condition that engendered violence and retards growth and development. This paper is designed to empirically establish the nexus between national security and wealth creation in Nigeria. It also estimates the effect of national security on sustainable growth in Nigeria. Noting that insecurity affect growth with time lag, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is built for the analysis. It is expected that security exacts positive time lag effects on growth, whilst insecurity negates sustainable growth.
{"title":"National Security and Wealth Creation: The Nigerian Sustainable Growth Nightmare","authors":"Benedict Azu, D. Uduh, Andrew I. Mobosi","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Insecurity has been one of the many challenges implicated as the biggest developmental and growth obstacle facing Nigeria as a nation. Since the independent in 1960, the country developmental strides have been hampered by one form of insecurity or the other. The country over the decades has experienced high rate of poverty, youth unemployment, widening income disparity, clashes and conflict, and violence among others with over 70% of her population living below poverty line. Security is undoubtedly the pillar upon which every meaningful development could be achieved and sustained. Lend credence to this assertion, most advanced nations of the world place high premium on security. Whilst Nigeria is richly blessed with abundant natural resources and human capital, negligence to numerous challenges of insecurity of the environment appears to have created porous security condition that engendered violence and retards growth and development. This paper is designed to empirically establish the nexus between national security and wealth creation in Nigeria. It also estimates the effect of national security on sustainable growth in Nigeria. Noting that insecurity affect growth with time lag, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is built for the analysis. It is expected that security exacts positive time lag effects on growth, whilst insecurity negates sustainable growth.","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128648328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria has been faced with many security challenges especially since her return to democracy in 1999. Since 1999, the nation witnessed serious security challenges that has not only threatened her existence as a nation but has defied all solutions for its eradication including the efforts of the security agencies to tackle the problem. This calls for an urgent attention and collaboration of the traditional rulers in checking the rising tide of insecurity in Nigeria. As the rulers of various communities, and the custodian of the people’s culture, they have a grip of the people at the grass root and therefore can mobilize the people for action against insecurity in their domain and by extension the nation. The paper is to examine not only the roles of the traditional rulers in the maintenance of security for an effective nation building but also how the institution to be restructured for it to perform better in the maintenance of national security for sustainable development in Nigeria. This demands that the traditional institution be restructured in a way and manner that it will operate optimally in the maintenance of national security. Introduction: Nigeria since independence in 1960 has witnessed various political crisis that brought about insecurity, destruction of lives and properties as well as disruption of socio-economic life of the people. However, the crisis assumed a different dimension, becoming more sophisticated, more deadly, more militarized with a wider UJAH Volume 21 No. 4, 2020 (Special Edition) 202 international terrorists connections. The development progressed from activism to agitators that adopted civil disobedience as a means to press for their demands to militancy, with sophisticated military weapons and now on the level of terrorism with weapons of mass destruction and having connections with international terrorist organizations such as the Al Quada, ISIS etc. As Mordi observed on the increased of crisis in Nigeria, he stated that “rather than abate with the dawn of democratic governance, violent agitation in Nigeria, including the Niger Delta reached a new height with separatist or selfdetermination goals. Nigeria became a huge guerrilla jungle and a source of nightmare to her citizens and the international community alike instead of a democratic eldorado, with the May 29, 1999 handover of power by the military president” (163). As a result of the inability of the political leaders and the elites to tackle the problem of insecurity in Nigeria, there is the need to turn to the traditional rulers for a possible solution to this monster, insecurity. The traditional rulers are traditionally, the head of their ethnic group, clan or community. They hold the highest executive authority in such communities and has been appointed to the position in accordance with the people’s culture, custom and tradition. Their office and power has been recognized by the government through the presentation of “staff of office”, which is an inst
{"title":"Traditional Institution and Nation Building: The Role of Traditional Rulers in the Maintenance of National Security for Sustainable Development","authors":"Joseph I. Igwubor","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has been faced with many security challenges especially since her return to democracy in 1999. Since 1999, the nation witnessed serious security challenges that has not only threatened her existence as a nation but has defied all solutions for its eradication including the efforts of the security agencies to tackle the problem. This calls for an urgent attention and collaboration of the traditional rulers in checking the rising tide of insecurity in Nigeria. As the rulers of various communities, and the custodian of the people’s culture, they have a grip of the people at the grass root and therefore can mobilize the people for action against insecurity in their domain and by extension the nation. The paper is to examine not only the roles of the traditional rulers in the maintenance of security for an effective nation building but also how the institution to be restructured for it to perform better in the maintenance of national security for sustainable development in Nigeria. This demands that the traditional institution be restructured in a way and manner that it will operate optimally in the maintenance of national security. Introduction: Nigeria since independence in 1960 has witnessed various political crisis that brought about insecurity, destruction of lives and properties as well as disruption of socio-economic life of the people. However, the crisis assumed a different dimension, becoming more sophisticated, more deadly, more militarized with a wider UJAH Volume 21 No. 4, 2020 (Special Edition) 202 international terrorists connections. The development progressed from activism to agitators that adopted civil disobedience as a means to press for their demands to militancy, with sophisticated military weapons and now on the level of terrorism with weapons of mass destruction and having connections with international terrorist organizations such as the Al Quada, ISIS etc. As Mordi observed on the increased of crisis in Nigeria, he stated that “rather than abate with the dawn of democratic governance, violent agitation in Nigeria, including the Niger Delta reached a new height with separatist or selfdetermination goals. Nigeria became a huge guerrilla jungle and a source of nightmare to her citizens and the international community alike instead of a democratic eldorado, with the May 29, 1999 handover of power by the military president” (163). As a result of the inability of the political leaders and the elites to tackle the problem of insecurity in Nigeria, there is the need to turn to the traditional rulers for a possible solution to this monster, insecurity. The traditional rulers are traditionally, the head of their ethnic group, clan or community. They hold the highest executive authority in such communities and has been appointed to the position in accordance with the people’s culture, custom and tradition. Their office and power has been recognized by the government through the presentation of “staff of office”, which is an inst","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131365489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niger Delta comprises of the South-South states, Ondo state from the South west, Imo and Abia States from the South East region of Nigeria. Despite the huge mineral resources that the region generates and the driving force to the national economy, the region remains in abject poverty, youth unemployment, poor infrastructure and high level insecurity. This paper investigates the role of NDDC, successes and challenges in the development of Niger Delta region. The Marxist instrumentalist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Documentary method was adopted as the method of data collection and content analysis was employed as the method of analysis. The paper found out that the federal government has created several interventionist bodies which include the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) (1958), the Oil Minerals Producing and Development Commission (OMPADEC) (1992), the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) (2000) and the most recent, Ministry of Niger Delta (2008). In spite of this various interventionist bodies, the region is still far underdeveloped with little or nothing on ground compared to what is being exploited from the region. As an oil producing region, it ought to enjoy massive infrastructural development, job creation, empowerment programs and peaceful society, among others. However, this paper is of the view that a lot still needs to be done, as the region is retrogressing speedily instead of progressing in regards to the core indices of development. This paper also found out that corruption has eaten deep into the affair of NDDC. There is also a report of a cabal who hijacks contracts and sells it to contractors that end up doing low standard jobs not in line with the bill of quantities or not doing at all. The paper recommends total restructuring of Ministry of Niger Delta and NDDC in area of staff posting and review of organogram of the board. There should be a think-tank team of individuals with reputable character both from government and representatives of the people, towards listing out the needs of the people according to preference. A review of projects done and the ones ongoing across the Niger Delta oil producing states with the contractors involved to see if it is in line with the bill of quantities, any contractor found wanting should face the full wrath of the law. Keywords: Restructuring, Development, Niger Delta, Corruption, Oil Politics
{"title":"Restructuring NDDC: Pathway to Development in the Niger Delta Region","authors":"Kingsley Ubiebi, I. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Niger Delta comprises of the South-South states, Ondo state from the South west, Imo and Abia States from the South East region of Nigeria. Despite the huge mineral resources that the region generates and the driving force to the national economy, the region remains in abject poverty, youth unemployment, poor infrastructure and high level insecurity. This paper investigates the role of NDDC, successes and challenges in the development of Niger Delta region. The Marxist instrumentalist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Documentary method was adopted as the method of data collection and content analysis was employed as the method of analysis. The paper found out that the federal government has created several interventionist bodies which include the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) (1958), the Oil Minerals Producing and Development Commission (OMPADEC) (1992), the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) (2000) and the most recent, Ministry of Niger Delta (2008). In spite of this various interventionist bodies, the region is still far underdeveloped with little or nothing on ground compared to what is being exploited from the region. As an oil producing region, it ought to enjoy massive infrastructural development, job creation, empowerment programs and peaceful society, among others. However, this paper is of the view that a lot still needs to be done, as the region is retrogressing speedily instead of progressing in regards to the core indices of development. This paper also found out that corruption has eaten deep into the affair of NDDC. There is also a report of a cabal who hijacks contracts and sells it to contractors that end up doing low standard jobs not in line with the bill of quantities or not doing at all. The paper recommends total restructuring of Ministry of Niger Delta and NDDC in area of staff posting and review of organogram of the board. There should be a think-tank team of individuals with reputable character both from government and representatives of the people, towards listing out the needs of the people according to preference. A review of projects done and the ones ongoing across the Niger Delta oil producing states with the contractors involved to see if it is in line with the bill of quantities, any contractor found wanting should face the full wrath of the law. \u0000Keywords: Restructuring, Development, Niger Delta, Corruption, Oil Politics","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131609531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge, research and intellectual input are veritable instruments for the advancement of any state. Intellectuals help to shape and formulate policies that can stimulate development. This paper examined the various intellectual contributions by scholars and researchers towards unlocking and enhancing development in Nigeria. It further discussed how intellectual discourse can help to unravel opportunities for socio-political and economic development of Nigeria.
{"title":"Intellectualism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development in Nigeria","authors":"Aaron Onyemaechi Nwokolo","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge, research and intellectual input are veritable instruments for the advancement of any state. Intellectuals help to shape and formulate policies that can stimulate development. This paper examined the various intellectual contributions by scholars and researchers towards unlocking and enhancing development in Nigeria. It further discussed how intellectual discourse can help to unravel opportunities for socio-political and economic development of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125136960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigerian military history is an aspect of Nigerian history that reconstructs the philosophies, beliefs, life and times of military personnel in relation to time and place. On the other hand, strategic studies involve a study of the security policies and political conduct of states in their interaction within the international system. Since it is the military institution that implements these security policies, itself central to the objectives of states in international politics, it is logical to view military history and strategic studies as pivotal to the security development of the Nigerian nation as it is for every other nation. Given this understanding, this study attempts to situate Nigerian military history and strategic studies as imperatives for national security development in Nigeria. To achieve its goal, the paper employs mostly secondary and but a few primary sources subjected to content historical analysis from which it was deduced that military history and strategic studies are important for the advancement of security development in Nigeria.
{"title":"Military History and Strategic Studies as Imperatives for National Security Development in Nigeria","authors":"Chiemela Godwin Wambu, Amaechi Ehimatie","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nigerian military history is an aspect of Nigerian history that reconstructs the philosophies, beliefs, life and times of military personnel in relation to time and place. On the other hand, strategic studies involve a study of the security policies and political conduct of states in their interaction within the international system. Since it is the military institution that implements these security policies, itself central to the objectives of states in international politics, it is logical to view military history and strategic studies as pivotal to the security development of the Nigerian nation as it is for every other nation. Given this understanding, this study attempts to situate Nigerian military history and strategic studies as imperatives for national security development in Nigeria. To achieve its goal, the paper employs mostly secondary and but a few primary sources subjected to content historical analysis from which it was deduced that military history and strategic studies are important for the advancement of security development in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115261397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kingsley Chukwuemeka Anyira, Divine Sheriff Uchenna Joe
The art of video film directing is all encompassing as the director deals with virtually all aspects of film production. This comes with herculean challenges that tend to mar the efforts of directors if not properly addressed. Film scholars cum critics have done a lot of work investing the challenges of the Nigerian Video Film industry with little or no effort to directly ascertain the peculiar challenges of each sector of the industry. To this effect, the paper seeks to source from the directors what these challenges have been over the decade in view and as well through the affected, proffer plausible suppositions as measure to ameliorate the identified challenges. In doing so, this paper adopts the view point that the director is the author of the film and thus engages the Survey research method wherein Personal interviews are employed as data collation tool and later analyzed with inferences made from the responses. Conclusively, it anchors on the directors’ views of possible ways to improve/enhance the director’s art in future productions. Introduction Today, the place of Nigerian video film as a means of entertainment, education and social enlightenment cannot be denied. Nigerian video films especially those produced in English have continued to enjoy considerable patronage in and beyond the shores of Nigeria. Along with this growing acceptance are questions as regards the challenges of video film production in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this research intends to reflect from the directors’ perspective on what UJAH Volume 21 No. 4, 2020 (Special Edition) 101 these challenges are and also explore ways through which they can be alleviated; if possible totally expunged from the video film industry. The reason for this is that any film is a result of the director’s effort, his point of view and his feeling which is why films are firstly presented by the name of their director(s), and not the producers or the stars (Sedat Cereci, 1). In some cases, efforts have been made to unravel these challenges as a whole without much work done to identify these challenges from the specific views of select professionals who make up Nollywood as it directly affects them. In particular, this research intends to focus on drawing out to the full glare of both video film practitioners and film scholars, what these problems are; based on the perspective of the film director(s). Who is a Film Director? The director, whether he explicitly controls all the subordinate work of a film or merely creates a certain context through his very presence, is the only participant in a film’s creation whose moment of self-expression is wide enough and thus whose artistic vision may come to characterize the film as a whole. The director’s very role in the film making process forces him to attendexplicitly or implicitly to the entire film (Filmmakers). He shapes it and directs its creativity. Ken Dancyger submits that: In each case, the consciousness of the director’s idea is wh
视频电影导演的艺术包罗万象，因为导演几乎要处理电影制作的所有方面。这带来了巨大的挑战，如果处理不当，往往会损害董事们的努力。电影学者和评论家已经做了大量的工作来投资尼日利亚视频电影行业的挑战，很少或根本没有努力直接确定该行业每个部门的特殊挑战。为此，本文试图从董事那里了解这些挑战在过去十年中是什么，并通过受影响的人，提出合理的假设，作为改善已确定挑战的措施。在此过程中，本文采用了导演是电影作者的观点，因此采用了Survey研究方法，即采用个人访谈作为数据整理工具，然后根据回答进行推理分析。最后，它依赖于导演对在未来制作中改进/提高导演艺术的可能方法的看法。今天，尼日利亚视频电影作为娱乐、教育和社会启蒙手段的地位是不可否认的。尼日利亚的视频电影，特别是那些用英语制作的电影，继续在尼日利亚海岸内外享有相当大的赞助。随着这种接受程度的提高，人们对尼日利亚视频电影制作所面临的挑战提出了疑问。在此背景下，本研究旨在从导演的角度反思UJAH 2020年第21卷第4期(特别版)101这些挑战是什么，并探索缓解这些挑战的方法;如果可能的话，完全从视频电影行业中抹去。这样做的原因是,任何电影是导演的努力的结果,他的观点和他的感觉这就是为什么电影首先由他们导演的名字,而不是生产商或星星(塞达特Cereci, 1)。在某些情况下,一直努力解决这些挑战作为一个整体,没有多少工作来识别这些挑战从特定的视图选择的专业人士组成尼莱坞,因为它直接影响他们。特别是，本研究的重点是让录像电影从业者和电影学者都能充分看到这些问题是什么;基于电影导演的视角。谁是电影导演?导演，无论他是明确地控制电影的所有从属工作，还是仅仅通过他的存在创造一定的语境，都是电影创作中唯一的参与者，他的自我表达时刻足够宽，因此他的艺术视野可能会成为电影整体的特征。导演在电影制作过程中的角色迫使他或明或暗地参与整部电影(电影人)。他塑造它并指导它的创造力。Ken Dancyger认为:在每一种情况下，意识到导演的想法是进步的开始。有能力的导演对剧本表现出一种独特的态度，无论是浪漫的、暴力的还是胜利的。好的导演会传达出一种更复杂、层次更分明的叙事视角。这位伟大的导演把叙述变成了令人惊讶和启示性的东西。这些选项都存在。只有导演的野心才能提升观众的体验(13)。同样的道理，Cereci观察到:Anyira和Joe:聚焦瑙莱坞导演的挑战和前景:十年研究(2006-2016)102导演是负责电影中电影制作的创意方面，包括解释和技术方面的人。除了在镜头前协调动作，指导表演和对话，电影导演还控制摄像机的位置和运动，声音，灯光和所有其他因素，这些因素有助于电影的最终外观(3)。在电影制作中贡献导演的角色，Kim Jong Li在电影和导演中指出，“导演是创意团队的指挥官。”他应该全面负责艺术创作、生产组织和思想教育，并指导创作团队的所有成员进行电影制作”(2)。这是在暗示导演在电影制作中的作用是统一的、包罗万象的。但是他扮演这个角色的方式可以由他/她所在的社会决定。在这一点上，Kim进一步指出:社会主义电影制作制度中的导演与资本主义社会中的“导演”有着根本的区别…… 在资本主义的电影制作制度中，导演被称为“导演”，但事实上，他是电影制作工业大亨的代理人，而在社会主义的电影制作制度中，导演不仅仅是一个制作电影的工人，而是一个指挥官，一个对从电影本身到参与电影制作的人的政治和思想生活等一切事情承担全部责任的首领(2-3)。综上所述，社会是决定导演角色、艺术表现和电影制作最终产品的决定性因素，这也意味着，由于社会的不同，视频电影导演所面临的挑战也不同。UJAH 2020年第21卷第4期(特别版)103对电影导演和制片人之间的合同协议的研究表明，电影导演的权利和工作描述包括许多内容，但仅举几项:监督和批准手稿的最终版本;与制片人一起委任艺术执行人员、选角及选择拍摄地点;会同制片方批准生产计划、生产进度、预算和营销计划;监察后期制作工作;图像和声音编辑，音乐选择，混音，色彩规格，图像后期处理的监控和最终电影形式的批准;导演应在协议规定的框架内，根据制片人的指示决定影片的最终电影形式(电影导演协议，2-4)。仔细考虑上述所有因素，他/她将面临哪些挑战来成功完成电影导演的任务。因为所有的工作都进入了他的工作，电影导演得到了他完成的作品的大部分荣誉。这在很大程度上是因为他如此密切地参与了电影发展的各个方面(弗兰斯沃思)。基于此，导演的观点可以被认为在很大程度上代表了电影制作的所有方面以及其中固有的挑战。关于在任何气候或社会中谁可以成为导演的性别问题，答案是两性都可以成为导演，但男性导演多于女性仍然是一个事实。这不仅是在诺莱坞，在世界各地的其他视频电影行业也很明显。一项关于英国电影行业电影导演性别差异的研究表明:“在过去十年中，只有13.6%的在职电影导演是女性。只有14.0%的英国电影至少有一位女导演。英国电影由男性导演的可能性是由女性导演的六倍多”(Follows, Kreager and Gomes, 14)。此外，Follows、Kreager和Gomes指出，造成这种性别差异的原因Anyira & Joe:聚焦诺莱坞导演的挑战和前景:十年研究(2006-2016)104被追溯到更多的系统性问题，而不是无意识的个人偏见，列出了这四个主要的系统性问题:没有有效的监管体系来监督或执行性别平等。普遍存在的不确定性创造了一种不安全的氛围，导致了不合逻辑和仪式性的行为，导致行业的运作基于原型导演的先入为主的动作，而不是基于他们的个人能力和才能。电影业的长期短视主义。个人偏见的恶性循环导致系统问题，反之亦然，因此系统是自我维持的(79)。上面提到的这些系统性问题往往是诺莱坞的日常事务，因为这个行业中只有少数几位著名的女性导演，因此限制了女性在电影导演挑战中的发言权。无论是男性还是女性，电影导演的训练在很大程度上决定了他/她在电影表达方面的哲学方法，这在很大程度上有助于电影制作中可能遇到的挑战。罗莎琳德·纽金特-威廉姆斯在她的《澳大利亚电影导演和电影表演》一书中证明了这一点:在克龙比的例子中，他最初在剧院的训练，在那里他沉浸在表演的技巧中，确实影响了他作为导演的方法。他以演员为中心，他的方法包括与演员合作来塑造角色。据他自己承认，他使用了斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基的方法，这是他在NIDA学到的。至少在他与演员的关键工作中，他的NIDA培训对他后来的工作产生了显著的影响(59)。考虑到尼日利亚人口众多，对奈莱坞的巨大需求，该行业多年来见证了UJAH第21卷。 2020年(特别版)105位导演的数量增加，他们以某种方式为近年来诺莱坞不断增加的电影制作做出了贡献。海伦娜·巴纳德和克里斯塔·图米观察到“它的年产量估计在500到1000部电影之间，经济学家估计它的年产量多达2000部”(14)。正是在这种背景下，本研究工作打算直接从导演那里获取有关视频f挑战的信息
{"title":"Spotlight on Challenges and Prospect of Directing in Nollywood: A Decade’s Study (2006-2016)","authors":"Kingsley Chukwuemeka Anyira, Divine Sheriff Uchenna Joe","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The art of video film directing is all encompassing as the director deals with virtually all aspects of film production. This comes with herculean challenges that tend to mar the efforts of directors if not properly addressed. Film scholars cum critics have done a lot of work investing the challenges of the Nigerian Video Film industry with little or no effort to directly ascertain the peculiar challenges of each sector of the industry. To this effect, the paper seeks to source from the directors what these challenges have been over the decade in view and as well through the affected, proffer plausible suppositions as measure to ameliorate the identified challenges. In doing so, this paper adopts the view point that the director is the author of the film and thus engages the Survey research method wherein Personal interviews are employed as data collation tool and later analyzed with inferences made from the responses. Conclusively, it anchors on the directors’ views of possible ways to improve/enhance the director’s art in future productions. Introduction Today, the place of Nigerian video film as a means of entertainment, education and social enlightenment cannot be denied. Nigerian video films especially those produced in English have continued to enjoy considerable patronage in and beyond the shores of Nigeria. Along with this growing acceptance are questions as regards the challenges of video film production in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this research intends to reflect from the directors’ perspective on what UJAH Volume 21 No. 4, 2020 (Special Edition) 101 these challenges are and also explore ways through which they can be alleviated; if possible totally expunged from the video film industry. The reason for this is that any film is a result of the director’s effort, his point of view and his feeling which is why films are firstly presented by the name of their director(s), and not the producers or the stars (Sedat Cereci, 1). In some cases, efforts have been made to unravel these challenges as a whole without much work done to identify these challenges from the specific views of select professionals who make up Nollywood as it directly affects them. In particular, this research intends to focus on drawing out to the full glare of both video film practitioners and film scholars, what these problems are; based on the perspective of the film director(s). Who is a Film Director? The director, whether he explicitly controls all the subordinate work of a film or merely creates a certain context through his very presence, is the only participant in a film’s creation whose moment of self-expression is wide enough and thus whose artistic vision may come to characterize the film as a whole. The director’s very role in the film making process forces him to attendexplicitly or implicitly to the entire film (Filmmakers). He shapes it and directs its creativity. Ken Dancyger submits that: In each case, the consciousness of the director’s idea is wh","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129655771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seji D.O. Omoroje, Philip Onyekachukwu Egbule, J. E. Emuebie
This paper discusses how Nigeria as a nation can achieve national security through, not just education, but qualitative education. National security has been described in this paper, as freedom from or resilience against potential harm caused by others. For easy comprehension and assimilation, the paper was strategically broken down into six, (6) distinct sections, to wit; conceptualization of key words, causes of insecurity in Nigeria, effects of insecurity in Nigeria, role of education in checkmating insecurity, previous efforts by governments to address insecurity issues and; conclusion and recommendations. The paper was able to establish the fact that quality education can reduce incidences of insecurity, even if not totally eradicated. Education, this paper revealed is a major weapon of progressive social change. The paper concludes that sound education anchored on good educational policies and implementation can reduce, to a manageable extent, insecurity in Nigeria. Therefore some recommendations, such as declaring a state of emergency in the educational sector to reduce illiteracy, were proffered. This, the paper suggested, among others will provide a panacea for the problem of insecurity in Nigeria.
{"title":"Achieving National Security in Nigeria through Education","authors":"Seji D.O. Omoroje, Philip Onyekachukwu Egbule, J. E. Emuebie","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses how Nigeria as a nation can achieve national security through, not just education, but qualitative education. National security has been described in this paper, as freedom from or resilience against potential harm caused by others. For easy comprehension and assimilation, the paper was strategically broken down into six, (6) distinct sections, to wit; conceptualization of key words, causes of insecurity in Nigeria, effects of insecurity in Nigeria, role of education in checkmating insecurity, previous efforts by governments to address insecurity issues and; conclusion and recommendations. The paper was able to establish the fact that quality education can reduce incidences of insecurity, even if not totally eradicated. Education, this paper revealed is a major weapon of progressive social change. The paper concludes that sound education anchored on good educational policies and implementation can reduce, to a manageable extent, insecurity in Nigeria. Therefore some recommendations, such as declaring a state of emergency in the educational sector to reduce illiteracy, were proffered. This, the paper suggested, among others will provide a panacea for the problem of insecurity in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122216476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria’s political elites have toyed with the pathway to Nigeria’s national security, and therefore, placed Nigeria and her people on a perpetual developmental backwardness. Sadly, Nigeria, the supposed giant of Africa has been weighed down by the challenge of corruption, as well as insecurity. The deficiency in human capital development in Nigeria today is exerting untold pressure on her national development plans, policies and programmes. The development of human resources is indispensable for the developmental strive of any continent or nation. Hence, the inability of the Nigerian state to fully actualize her human capital development drive calls for concern. The aim of this article, therefore, is to investigate into the indispensability of investing human capital development in fostering national security in Nigeria. Social studies education is an instrument for renewal of some societal practices that constitute obstacles to national security and development. Consequently, this paper will examine the place of social studies education in the context of Nigeria for national security. The roles social studies education could play in producing good citizens, who could assist in no small measure in tackling this complex problem of national insecurity in Nigeria were discussed. In conclusion, the paper has logically established the fact that, there is significant correlation between social studies education and human capital development. Finally, workable recommendations are given, among them is that government should lay more emphasis on the teaching of social studies at all levels of its educational system to foster moral development in
{"title":"Investing in Human Resources as a Platform for National Security in Nigeria: The Role of Social Studies Education","authors":"Okobia Ayodele Onyeatoelu","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria’s political elites have toyed with the pathway to Nigeria’s national security, and therefore, placed Nigeria and her people on a perpetual developmental backwardness. Sadly, Nigeria, the supposed giant of Africa has been weighed down by the challenge of corruption, as well as insecurity. The deficiency in human capital development in Nigeria today is exerting untold pressure on her national development plans, policies and programmes. The development of human resources is indispensable for the developmental strive of any continent or nation. Hence, the inability of the Nigerian state to fully actualize her human capital development drive calls for concern. The aim of this article, therefore, is to investigate into the indispensability of investing human capital development in fostering national security in Nigeria. Social studies education is an instrument for renewal of some societal practices that constitute obstacles to national security and development. Consequently, this paper will examine the place of social studies education in the context of Nigeria for national security. The roles social studies education could play in producing good citizens, who could assist in no small measure in tackling this complex problem of national insecurity in Nigeria were discussed. In conclusion, the paper has logically established the fact that, there is significant correlation between social studies education and human capital development. Finally, workable recommendations are given, among them is that government should lay more emphasis on the teaching of social studies at all levels of its educational system to foster moral development in","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"376 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122347700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and Delta State in particular has reached a seemingly high level, which has contributed to the crumbling economy of Nigeria as these series of attacks on oil facilities have reduced the barrel production of crude oil per day in the region. This has posed an imminent threat with the ongoing economic meltdown in the country. The identified reasons have been the cutbacks on the amnesty arrangements, the environmental degradation and continuous deprivation of the oil rich regions from the proceeds of the oil derived from their region and demand for ownership of the region by residents which has affected sustainable development in Delta state. This work however, through the means of empirical study, pinpoints the several reasons for the resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region and its effect on sustainable development in Delta state and the viability of the group’s bluff in crippling the Nigerian economy. The Study is anchored on the frustration Aggression theory and adopted the primary method of data collection. The study recommends some viable solutions amongst which are; giving more credence to the importance of Niger Delta region, developmental projects that are supervised by stakeholders and disinterested organizations in the region and Delta state in
{"title":"Militancy and Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta: Excerpts from the Fourth Republic","authors":"Voke Charles Mgbonyenbi, Frank C. A. Emeni","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and Delta State in particular has reached a seemingly high level, which has contributed to the crumbling economy of Nigeria as these series of attacks on oil facilities have reduced the barrel production of crude oil per day in the region. This has posed an imminent threat with the ongoing economic meltdown in the country. The identified reasons have been the cutbacks on the amnesty arrangements, the environmental degradation and continuous deprivation of the oil rich regions from the proceeds of the oil derived from their region and demand for ownership of the region by residents which has affected sustainable development in Delta state. This work however, through the means of empirical study, pinpoints the several reasons for the resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region and its effect on sustainable development in Delta state and the viability of the group’s bluff in crippling the Nigerian economy. The Study is anchored on the frustration Aggression theory and adopted the primary method of data collection. The study recommends some viable solutions amongst which are; giving more credence to the importance of Niger Delta region, developmental projects that are supervised by stakeholders and disinterested organizations in the region and Delta state in","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Right from the time of independence, Nigeria has adopted different restructuring methods in order to create wealth that will improve her economy, ensure security and enhance sustainable development. In doing this, different aspects of human and natural resources have been explored. But it appears that ceramics which is a branch of industrial art and an aspect of the people’s culture has not been considered even when the major raw material (clay) required is abundantly available as the oil. Perhaps, its non-consideration could be due to the crude tools used which do not give room for mass production of ceramic wares that could generate wealth to the nation and her citizens, ensure security and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper explores restructuring ceramic production for wealth creation, security and enhancement of sustainable development in Nigeria through the construction of kick wheel. In carrying out the construction, materials were sourced and constructed into parts. Thereafter, assemblage was done through welding and screwing of parts. In a trial test, the kickwheel worked effectively in mass production of ceramic wares that could create wealth and make ceramics interesting for people to take up as job, thus reduce idleness and crime and ensure peace and security. The paper recommended among others that our country should establish centres for local constructions and fabrications as it will help in turning out our own Nigerian made tools and equipment, give room for apprenticeship, facilitate establishment of cottage industries, help revamp and restructure moribund industries, create wealth, and enhance security and sustainable development in Nigeria. Keywords: Restructure, National Development, Construction, Kick- Wheel, Ceramics, Wares, Wealth Creation
{"title":"Restructuring Ceramic Production for Wealth Creation, Security and Sustainable Development through the Construction of Kick Wheel","authors":"Sunday Esosuakpo","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V21I4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Right from the time of independence, Nigeria has adopted different restructuring methods in order to create wealth that will improve her economy, ensure security and enhance sustainable development. In doing this, different aspects of human and natural resources have been explored. But it appears that ceramics which is a branch of industrial art and an aspect of the people’s culture has not been considered even when the major raw material (clay) required is abundantly available as the oil. Perhaps, its non-consideration could be due to the crude tools used which do not give room for mass production of ceramic wares that could generate wealth to the nation and her citizens, ensure security and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper explores restructuring ceramic production for wealth creation, security and enhancement of sustainable development in Nigeria through the construction of kick wheel. In carrying out the construction, materials were sourced and constructed into parts. Thereafter, assemblage was done through welding and screwing of parts. In a trial test, the kickwheel worked effectively in mass production of ceramic wares that could create wealth and make ceramics interesting for people to take up as job, thus reduce idleness and crime and ensure peace and security. The paper recommended among others that our country should establish centres for local constructions and fabrications as it will help in turning out our own Nigerian made tools and equipment, give room for apprenticeship, facilitate establishment of cottage industries, help revamp and restructure moribund industries, create wealth, and enhance security and sustainable development in Nigeria. \u0000Keywords: Restructure, National Development, Construction, Kick- Wheel, Ceramics, Wares, Wealth Creation","PeriodicalId":298106,"journal":{"name":"UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124195602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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