Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850961
M. Gaiceanu, R. Șolea, B. Codres, Cristinel Eni
In order to obtain a robust optimal control for a DC drive system a different solution from the existing technical literature is proposed in this paper. By using the linear quadratic control the optimal speed of the DC dive is obtained. This serves as a reference to the adaptive DC drive system. The model reference adaptive control (MRAC) ensures the robustness to parameters and load variations, to unmodelled uncertainties and high dynamic performances. Moreover, the MRAC provides on-line the controller parameters. The problem statement of the optimal control, model reference adaptive control mechanism and the validation of the new proposed control by numerical simulations are presented in this paper. The transient regimes (starting, reversing or braking) are dominant in electric drive systems, therefore the energetic optimization of the DC motor is proposed.
{"title":"Efficient DC drive system by using adaptive control","authors":"M. Gaiceanu, R. Șolea, B. Codres, Cristinel Eni","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850961","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain a robust optimal control for a DC drive system a different solution from the existing technical literature is proposed in this paper. By using the linear quadratic control the optimal speed of the DC dive is obtained. This serves as a reference to the adaptive DC drive system. The model reference adaptive control (MRAC) ensures the robustness to parameters and load variations, to unmodelled uncertainties and high dynamic performances. Moreover, the MRAC provides on-line the controller parameters. The problem statement of the optimal control, model reference adaptive control mechanism and the validation of the new proposed control by numerical simulations are presented in this paper. The transient regimes (starting, reversing or braking) are dominant in electric drive systems, therefore the energetic optimization of the DC motor is proposed.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114603252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851041
V. Fernão Pires, D. Foito, J. Martins
In this work a new multilevel structure for interfacing energy storage systems is presented. This structure is based on a dual T-type three level voltage source inverter. These two power converters are connected to the grid by a three-phase transformer. This transformer has an open winding configuration on the side that connects to the multilevel power converter. This structure will present multilevel characteristics. A controller for this multilevel structure is also presented. The proposed topology and control system has been verified by numerical simulations. From the results of these simulations it is possible to verify the characteristics of the proposed structure.
{"title":"Multilevel power converter with a dual T-type three level inverter for energy storage","authors":"V. Fernão Pires, D. Foito, J. Martins","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851041","url":null,"abstract":"In this work a new multilevel structure for interfacing energy storage systems is presented. This structure is based on a dual T-type three level voltage source inverter. These two power converters are connected to the grid by a three-phase transformer. This transformer has an open winding configuration on the side that connects to the multilevel power converter. This structure will present multilevel characteristics. A controller for this multilevel structure is also presented. The proposed topology and control system has been verified by numerical simulations. From the results of these simulations it is possible to verify the characteristics of the proposed structure.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131812682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850880
D. Ursu, P. Shamsi, B. Fahimi, I. Boldea
The present paper explores the design, numerical analysis, control and performance of a 5 phase, 6 poles BLDC Multiphase Reluctance Machine. For this work, both machine and power electronics were designed and built. A FEA model (VF - Opera 13.1) has been developed for inductance matrix identification, mandatory for Simulink implementation of machine phase coordinates model (used for control of the BLDC-MRM). Preliminary running experiments (at steady-state operation) are shown in comparison with simulated results (analytical-Simulink and numerical-FEA), for a 4:1 speed range.
本文研究了一种5相6极无刷直流多相磁阻电机的设计、数值分析、控制和性能。为了这项工作，设计和制造了机器和电力电子设备。开发了用于电感矩阵识别的FEA模型(VF - Opera 13.1)，这是Simulink实现机器相位坐标模型(用于BLDC-MRM控制)的必要条件。初步运行实验(稳态运行)与模拟结果(分析- simulink和数值- fea)进行了比较，速度范围为4:1。
{"title":"5 phase BLDC-MRM: Design, control, FEA and steady-state operation experiments","authors":"D. Ursu, P. Shamsi, B. Fahimi, I. Boldea","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850880","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper explores the design, numerical analysis, control and performance of a 5 phase, 6 poles BLDC Multiphase Reluctance Machine. For this work, both machine and power electronics were designed and built. A FEA model (VF - Opera 13.1) has been developed for inductance matrix identification, mandatory for Simulink implementation of machine phase coordinates model (used for control of the BLDC-MRM). Preliminary running experiments (at steady-state operation) are shown in comparison with simulated results (analytical-Simulink and numerical-FEA), for a 4:1 speed range.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128404781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850898
D. Neacşu
This paper considers the conventional three-phase matrix converter operated with PWM techniques making use of all possible commutation vectors. The output phase voltage can see multiple voltage levels - hence the multilevel matrix converter name. The hardware set-up to achieve the matrix converter operation can be built of three 3-phase Current-Source Inverter modules. Harmonic analysis of different SV-PWM techniques for AC/AC matrix converter is performed with a multi-million FFT within MATLAB so that a resolution below 1Hz is possible. The conventional SV-PWM based on a superposition of rectifier and inverter operation is compared with a technique based on all 27 available switching vectors. While coefficients like Total Harmonic Distortion of the input current or Harmonic Current Factor for the output voltage yield better for a method considering all available switching vectors, this is also introducing low-frequency harmonics.
{"title":"A simulation benchmark for selection of the PWM algorithms for a multilevel PWM matrix converter","authors":"D. Neacşu","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the conventional three-phase matrix converter operated with PWM techniques making use of all possible commutation vectors. The output phase voltage can see multiple voltage levels - hence the multilevel matrix converter name. The hardware set-up to achieve the matrix converter operation can be built of three 3-phase Current-Source Inverter modules. Harmonic analysis of different SV-PWM techniques for AC/AC matrix converter is performed with a multi-million FFT within MATLAB so that a resolution below 1Hz is possible. The conventional SV-PWM based on a superposition of rectifier and inverter operation is compared with a technique based on all 27 available switching vectors. While coefficients like Total Harmonic Distortion of the input current or Harmonic Current Factor for the output voltage yield better for a method considering all available switching vectors, this is also introducing low-frequency harmonics.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116777019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850893
A. S. Icfanuti, L. Tutelea, F. Kalluf, I. Boldea
The present paper introduces a novel two coil 1 phase stator Ferrite PM motor [1]. The main targets are reduced material and fabrication costs in a robust topology at 90% efficiency for a 35W, 1600 rpm case study. Due to complicated flux lines (with tapered airgap for self-starting) and magnetic saturation, direct FEM characterization (preliminary design) was applied. Matlab Simulink modeling for controlled dynamics which made use FEM imposed cogging torque, emf and inductance with rotor position waveforms proved smooth motor starting to rated speed for speed performance, full load in both open loop (V/f) and close loop control.
{"title":"A novel design of stator Ferrite PM single phase doubly salient small motor: FEM characterization and controlled dynamics","authors":"A. S. Icfanuti, L. Tutelea, F. Kalluf, I. Boldea","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850893","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper introduces a novel two coil 1 phase stator Ferrite PM motor [1]. The main targets are reduced material and fabrication costs in a robust topology at 90% efficiency for a 35W, 1600 rpm case study. Due to complicated flux lines (with tapered airgap for self-starting) and magnetic saturation, direct FEM characterization (preliminary design) was applied. Matlab Simulink modeling for controlled dynamics which made use FEM imposed cogging torque, emf and inductance with rotor position waveforms proved smooth motor starting to rated speed for speed performance, full load in both open loop (V/f) and close loop control.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127088237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850983
C. Mihai, E. Helerea, Livia Sangerzan
Currently, power quality problems are more and more acute due to the increasing number of voltage variation sensitive devices that are embedded in the electronic subsystems, and due to the presence of harmonics and unbalance. Non-quality in electrical networks translates into an increase of energy consumption and additional expenses for consumers. In this paper an analysis regarding the voltage variation characteristic parameters using descriptive statistics is done, and experimental data are processed applying statistical methods to a set of data obtained by monitoring the phase voltages for 11 days on the low voltage bus-bars. Using the Statistica software in analysis of the phase voltage data strings, the following integral statistical indices are obtained: arithmetic mean, module, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation. The analysis indicated that the actual means values of phase voltages are close to the upper regulated limit. However, the power quality level regarding the voltage variation is acceptable.
{"title":"Characterization of voltage variations through the application of experimental statistics","authors":"C. Mihai, E. Helerea, Livia Sangerzan","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850983","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, power quality problems are more and more acute due to the increasing number of voltage variation sensitive devices that are embedded in the electronic subsystems, and due to the presence of harmonics and unbalance. Non-quality in electrical networks translates into an increase of energy consumption and additional expenses for consumers. In this paper an analysis regarding the voltage variation characteristic parameters using descriptive statistics is done, and experimental data are processed applying statistical methods to a set of data obtained by monitoring the phase voltages for 11 days on the low voltage bus-bars. Using the Statistica software in analysis of the phase voltage data strings, the following integral statistical indices are obtained: arithmetic mean, module, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation. The analysis indicated that the actual means values of phase voltages are close to the upper regulated limit. However, the power quality level regarding the voltage variation is acceptable.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127769839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850994
D. Stănescu, P. Nicolae, I. Bojoi
The paper deals with a modality to perform indirect vector control while considering the iron loss resistance. The control algorithm was conceived starting from the induction motor's mathematic model. Its implementation improves the drive system efficiency. Two cases are presented. In both of them the iron loss resistance is considered, but the first one considers the same value for the rotor time constant, whilst for the second one the rotor time constant is modified. A comparative analysis is made for the mechanic torque, when the speed is lower than the rated value. Through this control algorithm a reduction of the difference between estimated and measured torques while considering the iron loss resistance and a variation of the rotor time constant were realized. dSPACE DS 1104 was used to perform the experimental tests. In the end, tests were performed considering the variation of the magnetizing inductance in the range of speeds higher than the rated one.
{"title":"Indirect vector control of induction motors drive systems considering the iron loss resistance","authors":"D. Stănescu, P. Nicolae, I. Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850994","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a modality to perform indirect vector control while considering the iron loss resistance. The control algorithm was conceived starting from the induction motor's mathematic model. Its implementation improves the drive system efficiency. Two cases are presented. In both of them the iron loss resistance is considered, but the first one considers the same value for the rotor time constant, whilst for the second one the rotor time constant is modified. A comparative analysis is made for the mechanic torque, when the speed is lower than the rated value. Through this control algorithm a reduction of the difference between estimated and measured torques while considering the iron loss resistance and a variation of the rotor time constant were realized. dSPACE DS 1104 was used to perform the experimental tests. In the end, tests were performed considering the variation of the magnetizing inductance in the range of speeds higher than the rated one.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129895111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850997
P. Bartoš, J. Ptacnik, P. Kríž, P. Špatenka, Z. Havelka, P. Olšan, Bedrich Veselý
Gliding Arc discharges are recently used in many environmental, biomedical and industrial applications. The discharge is generated between two diverging electrodes at atmospheric pressure. In this paper we present the computational study of the influence of I. The geometry shape of electrodes, II. Distance of the gap between electrodes and III. The bias on the powered electrode on electric field distribution between the electrodes. We focused our attention especially on the influence of these parameters on the breakdown voltage needed for the discharge ignition. The mathematical model is based on standard equations of electrostatics, the numerical realization and data processing was performed in the program COMSOL Multiphysics. It was found that the geometry shape of electrodes significantly influences the value of the breakdown voltage.
{"title":"Plasma jet for environmental applications: Computational study of the electric field distribution between electrodes","authors":"P. Bartoš, J. Ptacnik, P. Kríž, P. Špatenka, Z. Havelka, P. Olšan, Bedrich Veselý","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850997","url":null,"abstract":"Gliding Arc discharges are recently used in many environmental, biomedical and industrial applications. The discharge is generated between two diverging electrodes at atmospheric pressure. In this paper we present the computational study of the influence of I. The geometry shape of electrodes, II. Distance of the gap between electrodes and III. The bias on the powered electrode on electric field distribution between the electrodes. We focused our attention especially on the influence of these parameters on the breakdown voltage needed for the discharge ignition. The mathematical model is based on standard equations of electrostatics, the numerical realization and data processing was performed in the program COMSOL Multiphysics. It was found that the geometry shape of electrodes significantly influences the value of the breakdown voltage.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851032
O. T. Altinoz, A. Yılmaz, A. Duca, G. Ciuprina
The behavior of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a population based optimization algorithm, depends on the movements of the particles and the attractions among them. This behavior was extracted from the observations of the swarms in nature. Every swarm desires to remain powerful in order to survive in nature and to protect its descendants. Therefore, the weakest members in the swarm are isolated, and generally abandoned to live on their own resources. This act is known as social exclusion. In this research, this phenomenon is incorporated to PSO. At the early phase of time-line, the swarm is divided into two groups based on their cost/fitness values. Each group proceeds their own journey without the knowledge of other group. This new algorithm is named as Social Exclusion-PSO (SEPSO). First, the performance of this new algorithm was evaluated/compared with an inertia weight PSO via unimodal, multimodal, expended benchmark functions, and then, it is applied to the circular antenna array design problem. For each implementation, the performance of two sub-populations and the undivided population are presented to demonstrate and compare the behaviour of the socially excluded swarm. The results show that excluding the members with the worst cost values from the population increases the performance of the algorithm in terms of global best solution with approximately 20% smaller number of function evaluations.
{"title":"Particle Swarm Optimization with social exclusion and its application in electromagnetics","authors":"O. T. Altinoz, A. Yılmaz, A. Duca, G. Ciuprina","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6851032","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a population based optimization algorithm, depends on the movements of the particles and the attractions among them. This behavior was extracted from the observations of the swarms in nature. Every swarm desires to remain powerful in order to survive in nature and to protect its descendants. Therefore, the weakest members in the swarm are isolated, and generally abandoned to live on their own resources. This act is known as social exclusion. In this research, this phenomenon is incorporated to PSO. At the early phase of time-line, the swarm is divided into two groups based on their cost/fitness values. Each group proceeds their own journey without the knowledge of other group. This new algorithm is named as Social Exclusion-PSO (SEPSO). First, the performance of this new algorithm was evaluated/compared with an inertia weight PSO via unimodal, multimodal, expended benchmark functions, and then, it is applied to the circular antenna array design problem. For each implementation, the performance of two sub-populations and the undivided population are presented to demonstrate and compare the behaviour of the socially excluded swarm. The results show that excluding the members with the worst cost values from the population increases the performance of the algorithm in terms of global best solution with approximately 20% smaller number of function evaluations.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-22DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850896
S. Kostadinova, Rozalina Dimova, G. Stoyanov
This paper presents an analytical model for studying the average packet delay in optical access network based on GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) technology. Packet delay is calculated by the use of queuing theory. At the stage of network planning, mathematical modeling techniques based on analytical models and methods of queuing theory may be used to predict the quality of service of the designed network. The indicators of quality of service are the average network packet delay and its variation (jitter). This paper proposes bounded Pareto distribution for traffic flow modeling, and a method for delay analysis based on the Kramer and Langenbach-Belz approximation. The results show that the propagation delay exceeds the queuing delay and it is the main component of the delay.
{"title":"Performance parameters evaluation in broadband access network","authors":"S. Kostadinova, Rozalina Dimova, G. Stoyanov","doi":"10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2014.6850896","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical model for studying the average packet delay in optical access network based on GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) technology. Packet delay is calculated by the use of queuing theory. At the stage of network planning, mathematical modeling techniques based on analytical models and methods of queuing theory may be used to predict the quality of service of the designed network. The indicators of quality of service are the average network packet delay and its variation (jitter). This paper proposes bounded Pareto distribution for traffic flow modeling, and a method for delay analysis based on the Kramer and Langenbach-Belz approximation. The results show that the propagation delay exceeds the queuing delay and it is the main component of the delay.","PeriodicalId":298237,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121055421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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