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6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference最新文献

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A high-current, very-wide-band transconductance amplifier 一种大电流、极宽频带的跨导放大器
O.B. Laug
A novel design approach for a high-current, very-wide-band transconductance amplifier is described. The approach is based on paralleling the input and output of complementary unipolar current-mirror cells. Each cell has a fixed current gain determined by the ratio of two resistors. A differential input voltage-to-current circuit drives the cell array. The design avoids the need for a single low-resistance current-sensing resistor and the attendant problems inherent in such resistors. A prototype of the cell-based transconductance amplifier was implemented with ten positive and ten negative current cells to gain some experimental familiarity with the approach and provide verification of computer simulation results. The prototype transconductance amplifier is DC coupled, has a 3-dB bandwidth of about 750 kHz, and can deliver up to 35 A RMS (root mean square) at 100 kHz with an output voltage of 5 V RMS. Other important characteristics such as output-load regulation and DC offsets are discussed.<>
介绍了一种新型的大电流、超宽带跨导放大器的设计方法。该方法基于并联互补单极电流镜像单元的输入和输出。每个电池有一个固定的电流增益,由两个电阻的比值决定。差分输入电压-电流电路驱动单元阵列。该设计避免了对单个低阻电流感测电阻的需求以及此类电阻固有的随之而来的问题。为了对该方法有一定的实验了解,并对计算机仿真结果进行了验证,设计了具有10个正、负电流电池的跨导放大器原型。原型跨导放大器是直流耦合的,具有约750 kHz的3db带宽,并且可以在100 kHz时提供高达35 a的均方根(均方根),输出电压为5 V RMS。讨论了输出负载调节和直流偏置等其他重要特性。
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引用次数: 6
Efficient instrument design using IEEE 488.2 基于IEEE 488.2的高效仪器设计
J.E. Mueller
IEEE 488.2 defines standard formats, protocols, and common commands for IEEE 488 programmable instrumentation. Conventional software techniques can be used to write a parser that implements the formats and common commands. Such a parser requires a simple data stream interface, where data are simply gotten (commands) or placed (responses). The author describes a software driver for an IEEE 488 interface. This driver provides a simple data stream interface to the parser while conforming to the protocol requirements of IEEE 488.2. The crux of this implementation is the isolation of the message exchange control protocol, which is implemented with a simple state machine, from the parser. The protocol requirements of IEEE 488.2 have been converted to a state machine where each transition is the result of an external signal. In this process some anomalies in IEEE 488.2 have been identified and corrected.<>
IEEE 488.2定义了IEEE 488可编程仪器的标准格式、协议和通用命令。传统的软件技术可以用来编写实现格式和通用命令的解析器。这样的解析器需要一个简单的数据流接口,其中只需获取(命令)或放置(响应)数据。作者描述了一个IEEE 488接口的软件驱动程序。该驱动程序为解析器提供了一个简单的数据流接口,同时符合IEEE 488.2的协议要求。此实现的关键是将消息交换控制协议(使用简单的状态机实现)与解析器隔离开来。IEEE 488.2的协议需求已经转换为状态机,其中每个转换都是外部信号的结果。在此过程中,发现并纠正了IEEE 488.2中的一些异常。
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引用次数: 4
A real-time data acquisition system for the NASA Airborne Laser Polarimeter Sensor (ALPS) NASA机载激光偏振计传感器(ALPS)实时数据采集系统
G.C. Elman, J.E. Kalishoven, P. Dabney
An ASYST-based real-time data-acquisition system for measurement of the depolarization properties of various materials on the Earth's surface is described. The ALPS system is flown in a NASA P3 and uses an Nd:YAG laser pulsed at 20 Hz to irradiate the Earth's surface. The ALPS data-acquisition system measures the multispectral reflected energy of the laser with 12 photomultiplier tubes, whose outputs are digitized with a charge-integrating A/D (analog/digital) converter. An IBM PC/AT configured with an Intel Inboard 386 and a Kinetic Systems 2926 PC interface with direct memory access card serves as the system controller. Between each pair of laser pulses (50 ms) the software must read the reflected laser signal, the dark current background level, and various items of housekeeping information and these store this data in a RAM disk. The data are displayed for analysis and permanently stored in the AT's hard disk when the aircraft is turning for its next acquisition pass. The ALPS ASYST software is completely menu-driven and controls all data-acquisition, processing, analysis, and database functions.<>
描述了一种基于asyst的实时数据采集系统,用于测量地球表面各种材料的退极化特性。ALPS系统搭载在NASA的P3飞机上,使用脉冲频率为20赫兹的Nd:YAG激光照射地球表面。ALPS数据采集系统使用12个光电倍增管测量激光器的多光谱反射能量,其输出通过电荷积分a /D(模拟/数字)转换器进行数字化。配置了Intel Inboard 386和带直接存储器访问卡的Kinetic Systems 2926 PC接口的IBM PC/AT作为系统控制器。在每对激光脉冲之间(50毫秒),软件必须读取反射的激光信号、暗电流背景电平和各种管家信息,并将这些数据存储在RAM磁盘中。当飞机转向下一个采集通道时,这些数据将被显示供分析,并永久存储在空中交通管制处的硬盘中。ALPS ASYST软件完全由菜单驱动,控制所有数据采集、处理、分析和数据库功能
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引用次数: 1
An extensible digital-signal-processing interpreter for use with computer-assisted instrumentation 用于计算机辅助仪器的可扩展数字信号处理解释器
T. A. Hull, S. Dyer
The authors describe iRALPH, an interpreter for stack-oriented DSP (digital signal processing) programs that provides both a batch-processing language and a command-driven user interface. Using either of these two modes, the user can read and write data files, generate sample data, perform arithmetic functions on the data, generate digital filters, filter the sampled data, and create presentation-quality plots of the results of the analysis. Other operations that can be performed on data include finding the discrete Fourier transform, estimating the power spectral density, and the correlation, and obtaining the histogram. To minimize its complexity, the interpreter was written using yacc and lex, and the primitives have been carefully structured to allow extensions. The extensions can be made by writing procedures in the interpreted language or by writing primitives in the C programming language.<>
作者描述了iRALPH,一个面向堆栈的DSP(数字信号处理)程序的解释器,它提供了批处理语言和命令驱动的用户界面。使用这两种模式中的任何一种,用户都可以读写数据文件,生成样本数据,对数据执行算术函数,生成数字滤波器,过滤采样数据,并创建分析结果的表示质量图。可以对数据执行的其他操作包括查找离散傅里叶变换,估计功率谱密度,以及相关性,并获得直方图。为了尽量减少其复杂性,使用yacc和lex编写解释器,并且对原语进行了仔细的结构以允许扩展。扩展可以通过用解释语言编写过程或用C编程语言编写原语来实现。
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引用次数: 1
Integrated software: the use of the Asyst programming environment in science and engineering 集成软件:在科学和工程中使用asp编程环境
R.W. Kreilick
The Asyst programming environment for the IBM PC, which greatly simplifies software development for both data acquisition and data analysis, is described. Asyst communicates with numerous data acquisition and GPIB cards, making data acquisition and control of laboratory instruments a straightforward and easy task. Asyst contains a wide variety of analytical routines for data manipulation and theoretical modeling. Data acquisition, graphics, and advanced mathematical routines are integrated into a single programming environment to facilitate development of user-specific software. An automatic code generator has been added to the latest available version of Asyst to provide a novice user with easy access to advanced acquisition, graphics, and analysis routines. A menu generator allows easy development of menu-driven programs. A language interface can be used to incorporate routines written in other languages directly into Asyst programs.<>
描述了用于IBM PC的Asyst编程环境,它极大地简化了数据采集和数据分析的软件开发。Asyst与众多数据采集和GPIB卡通信,使实验室仪器的数据采集和控制成为一项简单易用的任务。Asyst包含各种各样的数据操作和理论建模的分析例程。数据采集、图形和高级数学例程被集成到一个单一的编程环境中,以促进用户特定软件的开发。自动代码生成器已添加到最新可用版本的Asyst中,为新手用户提供了轻松访问高级采集、图形和分析例程的方法。菜单生成器允许轻松开发菜单驱动程序。语言接口可用于将用其他语言编写的例程直接合并到assist程序中。
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引用次数: 0
A 30 Ms/s 12-bit analog-to-digital converter 一个30毫秒/秒的12位模数转换器
M. Imamura, N. Kusayanagi
The authors describe a 30-megasamples/s 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a subranging conversion technique. The key circuits for obtaining high accuracy at a 30-MHz conversion rate are a pipelined track-and-hold circuit and a high-speed 5-bit digital-to-analog converter. These circuit design features are presented. The ADC was fabricated on a printed-circuit board with about 500 surface mounting devices, and utilized for a precision digital oscilloscope. In a curve-fit test, effective bits of better than 10.0 were obtained with up to a 10-MHz input frequency.<>
作者描述了一种使用分位转换技术的30兆样本/秒12位模数转换器(ADC)。在30mhz转换速率下获得高精度的关键电路是流水线跟踪保持电路和高速5位数模转换器。介绍了这些电路的设计特点。该ADC是在印刷电路板上制造的,有大约500个表面安装器件,并用于精密数字示波器。在曲线拟合测试中,在高达10mhz的输入频率下,获得了优于10.0的有效比特。
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引用次数: 1
A new method of measuring standing wave distributions on electromagnetic waveguiding structures 一种测量电磁波导结构驻波分布的新方法
D. Griffin
A novel method of measuring standing-wave distributions, using a modulated scatterer and a microwave homodyne receiver, has been developed, analyzed, tested, and shown to yield accurate results. Because the modulated scatterer can take the form of a small photoconductive dipole on the end of an optical fiber, access to the field to be measured from a contiguous shielded region, as in slotted transmission line instruments, is not necessary. With the availability of relatively inexpensive computer-controlled micropositioners, the mechanical translation of such a scatterer along a microstrip transmission line designed for operation at millimeter wavelengths can be readily automated and combined with scatterer microwave signal measurements. Analysis shows that the modulated scattered microwave signal is proportional to the cube of the standing-wave pattern of microwave signal variation on the microwave guiding structure, assuming that a single mode of propagation is involved. This has been verified experimentally.<>
一种测量驻波分布的新方法,使用调制散射器和微波零差接收机,已经开发,分析,测试,并显示出产生准确的结果。由于调制散射体可以采用光纤末端的小光导偶极子的形式,因此无需从相邻的屏蔽区域进入要测量的场,如在开槽传输线仪器中。有了相对便宜的计算机控制的微定位器,沿着微带传输线设计用于毫米波操作的这种散射体的机械平移可以很容易地自动化,并与散射体微波信号测量相结合。分析表明,在单一传播模式下,调制后的散射微波信号与微波波导结构上的微波信号变化驻波方向图的立方成正比。这已经被实验证实了
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引用次数: 1
New in-situ calibration of diode detectors used in six-port network analyzers 六端口网络分析仪中二极管检测器的原位标定
G. Colef, P. Karmel, M. Ettenberg
The authors present a novel method of calibrating the diode detectors used in six-port network analyzers, without disconnecting the diodes. The method uses only a precision variable attenuator or a power meter with no additional directional coupler. The important feature of this method is that no actual measurement of power is required to calibrate the diode detectors for six-port operation. It is very well suited to in-situ calibration of the diode detection circuits for operation of the six-port with pulse signals when the average power detected by the power meter drops to very low levels for low duty cycles. In these cases, the precision variable attenuator method is required. Measurement results are presented.<>
作者提出了一种新的方法,在不断开二极管的情况下校准六端口网络分析仪中使用的二极管检测器。该方法仅使用精密可变衰减器或功率计,没有额外的定向耦合器。该方法的重要特点是不需要实际测量功率来校准二极管检测器的六端口操作。它非常适合于当功率计检测到的平均功率下降到非常低的占空比时,对二极管检测电路进行现场校准,以用于具有脉冲信号的六端口工作。在这种情况下,需要采用精密可变衰减器方法。给出了测量结果
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引用次数: 23
An optical alarm for vacuum traps 真空阱光报警器
M. G. Duncan, J. J. Henry
An optical alarm for large industrial vacuum systems has been developed to prevent overflow of vacuum filters and traps. The alarm prevents two problems: (1) nuclear reactions when the dirt contains both radioactive materials and water and (2) overload of the vacuum system. The level of dirt in the trap is detected by the attenuation of light across the trap. Water in the trap is detected by light refraction at large angles of incidence to the water surface. To minimize sensitivity to dirty trap walls, a second detector measures light attenuation across the empty section of the trap, and the results are used to normalize the first detector output. Logic circuits minimize sensitivity to large chunks of dirt moving in the trap.<>
为防止真空过滤器和疏水阀溢出,研制了一种适用于大型工业真空系统的光学报警器。警报防止了两个问题:(1)当污垢同时含有放射性物质和水时发生核反应;(2)真空系统过载。捕集器中的污垢水平是通过捕集器上光的衰减来检测的。捕集器中的水是通过光与水面的大入射角折射来探测的。为了尽量减少对脏阱壁的灵敏度,第二个检测器测量阱空部分的光衰减,结果用于标准化第一个检测器输出。逻辑电路将对在捕集器中移动的大块污垢的灵敏度降到最低。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental studies of the RF-DC differences of voltage standards RF-DC电压标准差异的实验研究
D. Huang, Shui-Zhi He
The RF-DC differences (d) of primary voltage standards were determined by experimental and theoretical procedures. The voltage standards, with different operating principles and designs, have been compared with CTVCs (coaxial thermal voltage converters) at frequencies from 1 to 100 MHz. The method recommended for determining the d values is to derive an empirical formula and then to correct if from measured data. The uncertainty of primary voltage standards established by this method is +or-0.007% at 1 MHz, +or-0.01% at 3 MHz, +or-0.02% at 10 MHz, 0.07% at 30 MHz, +or-0.15% at 50 MHz, and +or-0.2% at 100 MHz. This specification is shown to be reliable while leaving sufficient margin for error.<>
主要电压标准的RF-DC差(d)通过实验和理论方法确定。在1到100mhz的频率范围内,将具有不同工作原理和设计的电压标准与ctvc(同轴热电压转换器)进行了比较。推荐的确定d值的方法是推导一个经验公式,然后根据测量数据对其进行修正。该方法建立的初级电压标准的不确定度在1 MHz时为+or-0.007%,在3 MHz时为+or-0.01%,在10 MHz时为+or-0.02%,在30 MHz时为0.07%,在50 MHz时为+or-0.15%,在100 MHz时为+or-0.2%。本规范被证明是可靠的,同时留有足够的误差余地。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference
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