The authors report the results of a study on the open-ended coaxial line method for measuring the complex permittivity of materials at microwave frequencies. The method is based on the quasi-static analysis of an open-ended coaxial line terminated by a semi-infinite medium. The complex permittivity of a 40% dioxane-water mixture at 25.1 degrees is evaluated for measured admittance over a frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz. The results obtained compare favorably with the available experimental and theoretical data. The sensitivity of the measurement to the standard used is shown by measurements of 20% dioxane-water mixture using two different sets of standards. The limitations of this technique are also discussed.<>
{"title":"A study on the open-ended coaxial line method for measuring the permittivity of materials at microwave frequencies","authors":"M. Chabbra, S. Fan, D. Misra","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36919","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report the results of a study on the open-ended coaxial line method for measuring the complex permittivity of materials at microwave frequencies. The method is based on the quasi-static analysis of an open-ended coaxial line terminated by a semi-infinite medium. The complex permittivity of a 40% dioxane-water mixture at 25.1 degrees is evaluated for measured admittance over a frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz. The results obtained compare favorably with the available experimental and theoretical data. The sensitivity of the measurement to the standard used is shown by measurements of 20% dioxane-water mixture using two different sets of standards. The limitations of this technique are also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114919072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Klinkhachorn, B. Huner, E. Overton, H. Dharmasena, D. A. Gustowski
The authors describe the implementation of a microprocessor-controlled piezoelectric quartz microbalance (PQM) system suitable for field deployment. The system has been designed to detect nanogram-level mass changes of sorbed compounds sensitive to the specific coating materials used. Miniaturized modular hybrid crystal clock oscillators were used as the sensing and reference elements. Five oscillator modules were used to construct a four-sensor array. The quartz crystals of four modules were exposed and coated with chemically specific compounds so that they would act as sorption detectors. These sensor elements were enclosed in a small flow-through gas chamber along with a fifth module used as a reference oscillator. The frequency of each sensor was separately mixed with that of the reference oscillator and multiplexed into the microprocessor, which is measured the difference frequencies. The temperature within a gas chamber was maintained constant by means of a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller. A Peltier device was used as the heating/cooling element of the gas chamber.<>
{"title":"A microprocessor-based piezoelectric quartz microbalance system for compound-specific detection","authors":"P. Klinkhachorn, B. Huner, E. Overton, H. Dharmasena, D. A. Gustowski","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36838","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the implementation of a microprocessor-controlled piezoelectric quartz microbalance (PQM) system suitable for field deployment. The system has been designed to detect nanogram-level mass changes of sorbed compounds sensitive to the specific coating materials used. Miniaturized modular hybrid crystal clock oscillators were used as the sensing and reference elements. Five oscillator modules were used to construct a four-sensor array. The quartz crystals of four modules were exposed and coated with chemically specific compounds so that they would act as sorption detectors. These sensor elements were enclosed in a small flow-through gas chamber along with a fifth module used as a reference oscillator. The frequency of each sensor was separately mixed with that of the reference oscillator and multiplexed into the microprocessor, which is measured the difference frequencies. The temperature within a gas chamber was maintained constant by means of a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller. A Peltier device was used as the heating/cooling element of the gas chamber.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125190513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes three different personal-computer-based approaches to the software support of measurement applications. The first approach is for skilled programmers who want very flexible tools in a wide variety of programming languages. The second adds programming productivity tools to eliminate much of the detailed programming. The third and most advanced software system attempts to eliminate instrumentation programming entirely with a highly graphical environment.<>
{"title":"Software technology for automated measurements","authors":"J.J. Truchard","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36865","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes three different personal-computer-based approaches to the software support of measurement applications. The first approach is for skilled programmers who want very flexible tools in a wide variety of programming languages. The second adds programming productivity tools to eliminate much of the detailed programming. The third and most advanced software system attempts to eliminate instrumentation programming entirely with a highly graphical environment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124331064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel 3-D vision system using a spatial filter for unmanned carriers such as a mobile robot or an automated vehicle is proposed. The authors present the fundamental principle of the system, its signal processing method, and experimental results. To confirm the applicability of the system, simulation experiments have been carried out showing that obstacles placed at 40 cm and 70 cm can be discriminated. Simultaneous measurements of their ranges, azimuth angles, and sizes were carried out successfully.<>
{"title":"A new 3-D vision system with spatial filters","authors":"M. Tsudagawa, H. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36816","url":null,"abstract":"A novel 3-D vision system using a spatial filter for unmanned carriers such as a mobile robot or an automated vehicle is proposed. The authors present the fundamental principle of the system, its signal processing method, and experimental results. To confirm the applicability of the system, simulation experiments have been carried out showing that obstacles placed at 40 cm and 70 cm can be discriminated. Simultaneous measurements of their ranges, azimuth angles, and sizes were carried out successfully.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125031636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Filicori, G. Iuculano, A. Menchetti, D. Mirri, M. Catelani
A method for the performance evaluation of digital measurement instruments based on asynchronous sampling and nonlinear signal conversion is proposed. The authors propose a performance index for the comparison of different asynchronous strategies and develop the analytical form of that index for two sampling techniques, equally spaced and random. The idea is to interpret the instantaneous output of the instrument as a discrete random variable with a uniform distribution over the successive occasions of measurement. Thus, the asymptotic variance of the reading can be a sum of contributions, each of which is obtained by weighting the contributions relative to each spectral component of the signal according to a frequency-dependent coefficient which is assumed to the performance index.<>
{"title":"New performance function for the comparison of different sampling strategies in non-linear conversion instruments","authors":"F. Filicori, G. Iuculano, A. Menchetti, D. Mirri, M. Catelani","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36876","url":null,"abstract":"A method for the performance evaluation of digital measurement instruments based on asynchronous sampling and nonlinear signal conversion is proposed. The authors propose a performance index for the comparison of different asynchronous strategies and develop the analytical form of that index for two sampling techniques, equally spaced and random. The idea is to interpret the instantaneous output of the instrument as a discrete random variable with a uniform distribution over the successive occasions of measurement. Thus, the asymptotic variance of the reading can be a sum of contributions, each of which is obtained by weighting the contributions relative to each spectral component of the signal according to a frequency-dependent coefficient which is assumed to the performance index.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128255746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present concepts and show simulation results for a number of situations where the ISAR (inverse synthetic aperture radar) image is degraded by errors introduced by the signal acquisition and data processing. These errors result in degradation of resolution, false targets in the image, geometric distortion of the image, incorrect values for the scattering center RCS (radar cross section) and a raising of the background noise floor. Results from the proposed model are useful in describing the degradation due to the following: errors in measuring rotation angles or frequency steps; phase errors in the incident illumination that are dependent on frequency or rotation angle; variation of the response of target scattering elements over rotational angle; linear or vibrational translation during target resolution; and the geometric distortion arising from the 3-D-to-2-D transformation in the imaging process.<>
{"title":"Simulation of ISAR image errors","authors":"A. Jain, I. Patel","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36883","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present concepts and show simulation results for a number of situations where the ISAR (inverse synthetic aperture radar) image is degraded by errors introduced by the signal acquisition and data processing. These errors result in degradation of resolution, false targets in the image, geometric distortion of the image, incorrect values for the scattering center RCS (radar cross section) and a raising of the background noise floor. Results from the proposed model are useful in describing the degradation due to the following: errors in measuring rotation angles or frequency steps; phase errors in the incident illumination that are dependent on frequency or rotation angle; variation of the response of target scattering elements over rotational angle; linear or vibrational translation during target resolution; and the geometric distortion arising from the 3-D-to-2-D transformation in the imaging process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122266768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general method of analysis for predicting the harmonic and intermodulation performance of B-H loops is presented. The magnetization curve is modeled by a sine series. The amplitudes of the harmonics and intermodulation products are expressed in terms of Bessel functions with arguments proportional to the amplitudes of the exciting multisinusoidal input. It is shown that the amplitude of the third-order intermodulation type omega /sub p/+ omega /sub s/- omega /sub q/ resulting from exciting the magnetic material by three sinusoids at frequencies omega /sub p/, omega /sub s/, and omega /sub q/ is the most reliable parameter for characterizing magnetic materials. Algebraic equations are also presented for computer-aided characterization of the magnetization curves.<>
{"title":"A new method for automatic characterization of the magnetisation curves of magnetic materials","authors":"M. Abuelma'atti","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36921","url":null,"abstract":"A general method of analysis for predicting the harmonic and intermodulation performance of B-H loops is presented. The magnetization curve is modeled by a sine series. The amplitudes of the harmonics and intermodulation products are expressed in terms of Bessel functions with arguments proportional to the amplitudes of the exciting multisinusoidal input. It is shown that the amplitude of the third-order intermodulation type omega /sub p/+ omega /sub s/- omega /sub q/ resulting from exciting the magnetic material by three sinusoids at frequencies omega /sub p/, omega /sub s/, and omega /sub q/ is the most reliable parameter for characterizing magnetic materials. Algebraic equations are also presented for computer-aided characterization of the magnetization curves.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129755399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distinctive features of an electronic measuring system as an object of design are pointed out. The essential requirements for an expert system for computer-aided design (CAD) of measuring systems are formulated. Their analysis reveals a growing demand for algorithmization and formalization of the engineering knowledge in the field of metrology and instrumentation. This knowledge is necessary for making CAD systems more autonomous and efficient.<>
{"title":"Requirements for tools of computer-aided design of measuring systems","authors":"A. Barwicz, R. Morawski","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36839","url":null,"abstract":"The distinctive features of an electronic measuring system as an object of design are pointed out. The essential requirements for an expert system for computer-aided design (CAD) of measuring systems are formulated. Their analysis reveals a growing demand for algorithmization and formalization of the engineering knowledge in the field of metrology and instrumentation. This knowledge is necessary for making CAD systems more autonomous and efficient.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need and operational criteria for an instrument capable of performing time-domain electrical power analysis are investigated and justified. The instrument is linked to a host personal computer, which performs the signal processing and mathematical analysis. This time-domain correlation technique can be used to analyze the different power components in power networks and calculate the effects of distortion. Effective compensation of polluted power systems can be designed using this instrument. Practical results have shown the excellent online operational characteristics of this measurement system, with excellent accuracy being obtained in both the time and the frequency domains.<>
{"title":"Power measurements in power systems using a personal computer","authors":"G. van Harmelen, P.D. Prinsloo, J. Enslin","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36830","url":null,"abstract":"The need and operational criteria for an instrument capable of performing time-domain electrical power analysis are investigated and justified. The instrument is linked to a host personal computer, which performs the signal processing and mathematical analysis. This time-domain correlation technique can be used to analyze the different power components in power networks and calculate the effects of distortion. Effective compensation of polluted power systems can be designed using this instrument. Practical results have shown the excellent online operational characteristics of this measurement system, with excellent accuracy being obtained in both the time and the frequency domains.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133733523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a natural-language approach to the problem of the user-instrument interface. The goal of this approach is to give the final user not only full control over the available resources of a measurement system, but also the ability to create new resources without being compelled to know a programming language or take a training course. The authors have developed an interface with learning features and implemented a first version of it on a general-purpose personal computer. The interface has been designed not only to receive the user's messages expressed in the nonrigorous form that is typical of human language and to execute them by means of the measurement routines available in the system, but also to learn new user ways of expressing commands, new measurement procedures, and new definitions of electrical quantities or mathematical functions. Three different types of learning which open a wide range of possible applications have been proposed.<>
{"title":"Innovative learning capabilities in a natural language user interface for computer based measurement systems","authors":"C. Mangiavacchi, F. Russo","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1989.36817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1989.36817","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a natural-language approach to the problem of the user-instrument interface. The goal of this approach is to give the final user not only full control over the available resources of a measurement system, but also the ability to create new resources without being compelled to know a programming language or take a training course. The authors have developed an interface with learning features and implemented a first version of it on a general-purpose personal computer. The interface has been designed not only to receive the user's messages expressed in the nonrigorous form that is typical of human language and to execute them by means of the measurement routines available in the system, but also to learn new user ways of expressing commands, new measurement procedures, and new definitions of electrical quantities or mathematical functions. Three different types of learning which open a wide range of possible applications have been proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":298343,"journal":{"name":"6th IEEE Conference Record., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130109693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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