Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1120.pub2
Jane Jackson
ABRD:3011 Iowa at Oxford arr. Unique opportunity to spend an academic year fully matriculated at the University of Oxford; students enroll in a wide range of courses at Mansfield College, one of 38 colleges that make up the University of Oxford; as an Oxford student, participants take part in Oxford's personalized tutorial system, attend lectures, share accommodations with local students, and become fully immersed in the social and academic culture of one of the mostly highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Requirements: 3.70 g.p.a., sophomore standing, and good academic and disciplinary standing.
{"title":"Study Abroad","authors":"Jane Jackson","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1120.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1120.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"ABRD:3011 Iowa at Oxford arr. Unique opportunity to spend an academic year fully matriculated at the University of Oxford; students enroll in a wide range of courses at Mansfield College, one of 38 colleges that make up the University of Oxford; as an Oxford student, participants take part in Oxford's personalized tutorial system, attend lectures, share accommodations with local students, and become fully immersed in the social and academic culture of one of the mostly highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Requirements: 3.70 g.p.a., sophomore standing, and good academic and disciplinary standing.","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114665812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1028
R. Lyster
The multifaceted roles of corrective feedback in second language instruction continue to attract the attention of both researchers and practitioners interested in how it can most effectively be integrated into classroom interaction in ways that benefit second language development. In contrast to theoretical arguments that a learner's underlying interlanguage system is affected only by positive evidence and not by negative evidence, other theoretical perspectives that run the gamut from cognitively to socially oriented suggest that corrective feedback is not only beneficial but may also be necessary for moving learners forward in their second language development. For example, a cognitive-interactionist perspective of second language acquisition attributes a role not only to positive evidence but also to negative evidence in the form of feedback that triggers noticing of nontarget output; skill acquisition theory attributes a pivotal role to feedback in tandem with practice that leads learners from effortful to more automatic use of the second language; and sociocultural theory views feedback as other-regulation that provides learners with dialogically negotiated assistance as they move toward more self-regulated use of the second language. Keywords: language teaching; language in the classroom; second language acquisition; teaching methods in applied linguistics
{"title":"Roles for Corrective Feedback in Second Language Instruction","authors":"R. Lyster","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1028","url":null,"abstract":"The multifaceted roles of corrective feedback in second language instruction continue to attract the attention of both researchers and practitioners interested in how it can most effectively be integrated into classroom interaction in ways that benefit second language development. In contrast to theoretical arguments that a learner's underlying interlanguage system is affected only by positive evidence and not by negative evidence, other theoretical perspectives that run the gamut from cognitively to socially oriented suggest that corrective feedback is not only beneficial but may also be necessary for moving learners forward in their second language development. For example, a cognitive-interactionist perspective of second language acquisition attributes a role not only to positive evidence but also to negative evidence in the form of feedback that triggers noticing of nontarget output; skill acquisition theory attributes a pivotal role to feedback in tandem with practice that leads learners from effortful to more automatic use of the second language; and sociocultural theory views feedback as other-regulation that provides learners with dialogically negotiated assistance as they move toward more self-regulated use of the second language. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000language teaching; \u0000language in the classroom; \u0000second language acquisition; \u0000teaching methods in applied linguistics","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116107339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0920.PUB2
A. Weideman
Positivist and postpositivist influences in applied linguistics are discernible both directly and obliquely, as has been the case in other fields. Those influences provide evidence of how closely applied linguistic concept formation relates to developments in scientific thinking in general, as well as to specific discussions in the philosophy of science. Keywords: applied linguistics; history; paradigms
{"title":"Positivism and Postpositivism","authors":"A. Weideman","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0920.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0920.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Positivist and postpositivist influences in applied linguistics are discernible both directly and obliquely, as has been the case in other fields. Those influences provide evidence of how closely applied linguistic concept formation relates to developments in scientific thinking in general, as well as to specific discussions in the philosophy of science. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000applied linguistics; \u0000history; \u0000paradigms","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121883400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0414.PUB2
E. Clark
Children produce their first words anywhere between 12 months and 24 months of age. And they add steadily to their vocabulary from then on, at a rate estimated at around nine words a day up to age six (Clark, 2009). Keywords: first language acquisition; pragmatics; interactionist language studies; vocabulary
{"title":"First Language Vocabulary Acquisition","authors":"E. Clark","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0414.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0414.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Children produce their first words anywhere between 12 months and 24 months of age. And they add steadily to their vocabulary from then on, at a rate estimated at around nine words a day up to age six (Clark, 2009). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000first language acquisition; \u0000pragmatics; \u0000interactionist language studies; \u0000vocabulary","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122829498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0500.PUB2
K. King, Johanna Ennser-Kananen
The term heritage language (HL) was first used in the Canadian context to refer to any “language other than English and French,” and intended to reference the languages spoken by indigenous (First Nation) people or by immigrants (Cummins, 1991, pp. 601–2). Clyne (1991) modified the definition for the Australian context to include any language other than English (LOTE). US researchers and policy-makers adopted this version in subsequent years. Keywords: language maintenance; language planning; language policy; heritage languages
{"title":"Heritage Languages and Language Policy","authors":"K. King, Johanna Ennser-Kananen","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0500.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0500.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"The term heritage language (HL) was first used in the Canadian context to refer to any “language other than English and French,” and intended to reference the languages spoken by indigenous (First Nation) people or by immigrants (Cummins, 1991, pp. 601–2). Clyne (1991) modified the definition for the Australian context to include any language other than English (LOTE). US researchers and policy-makers adopted this version in subsequent years. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000language maintenance; \u0000language planning; \u0000language policy; \u0000heritage languages","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125505638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0289
S. Stadler
“Pragmatics” refers to the study of language in action. Keywords: acquisition of pragmatic knowledge; conversational inference; culture; politeness; pragmatics; speech acts
“语用学”指的是对语言行为的研究。关键词:语用知识习得;对话式的推理;文化;礼貌;语用学;言语行为
{"title":"Cross‐Cultural Pragmatics","authors":"S. Stadler","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0289","url":null,"abstract":"“Pragmatics” refers to the study of language in action. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000acquisition of pragmatic knowledge; \u0000conversational inference; \u0000culture; \u0000politeness; \u0000pragmatics; \u0000speech acts","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116118565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0572.PUB2
K. Roulston
Interviews are social interactions in which researchers ask questions of people for the purpose of collecting data for social research. Keywords: methods; research methods in applied linguistics; field methods
{"title":"Interviews in Qualitative Research","authors":"K. Roulston","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0572.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0572.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Interviews are social interactions in which researchers ask questions of people for the purpose of collecting data for social research. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000methods; \u0000research methods in applied linguistics; \u0000field methods","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123811977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0861.PUB2
Helen Basturkmen
Language for specific purposes (LSP) courses are designed to meet the specific needs of learners (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998, p. 4). Keywords: language teaching; language for academic purposes; language for specific purposes
特定目的语言(LSP)课程是为满足学习者的特定需求而设计的(Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998, p. 4)。关键词:语言教学;学术用语;特定用途的语言
{"title":"Needs Analysis and Syllabus Design for Language for Specific Purposes","authors":"Helen Basturkmen","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0861.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0861.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Language for specific purposes (LSP) courses are designed to meet the specific needs of learners (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998, p. 4). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000language teaching; \u0000language for academic purposes; \u0000language for specific purposes","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125252588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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