Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0433.PUB2
N. Schmitt, Suhad Sonbul, Laura Vilkaitė‐Lozdienė, Marijana Macis
It is now clear that vocabulary typically behaves not as single words which are held together by syntax, but rather has a strong tendency to occur in multiword phraseological units. Keywords: first language acquisition; second language acquisition; vocabulary
{"title":"Formulaic Language and Collocation","authors":"N. Schmitt, Suhad Sonbul, Laura Vilkaitė‐Lozdienė, Marijana Macis","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0433.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0433.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"It is now clear that vocabulary typically behaves not as single words which are held together by syntax, but rather has a strong tendency to occur in multiword phraseological units. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000first language acquisition; \u0000second language acquisition; \u0000vocabulary","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0802.PUB2
C. Sanz
Metalinguistic awareness or explicit, conscious knowledge of form/meaning relationships in a language, usually manifested as the ability to verbalize thoughts about language, is one of the best documented differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. Keywords: applied psychology; cognitive development; language maintenance; language in the classroom; heritage languages; multilingualism
{"title":"Multilingualism and Metalinguistic Awareness","authors":"C. Sanz","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0802.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0802.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Metalinguistic awareness or explicit, conscious knowledge of form/meaning relationships in a language, usually manifested as the ability to verbalize thoughts about language, is one of the best documented differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000applied psychology; \u0000cognitive development; \u0000language maintenance; \u0000language in the classroom; \u0000heritage languages; \u0000multilingualism","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129341950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0404.PUB2
R. Erlam
Explicit knowledge is knowledge that a learner has about a language and that he or she is conscious of and able to report in some way (Ellis, 2008). Keywords: esl/efl; language teaching; second language acquisition; grammar
{"title":"Explicit Knowledge and Grammar Explanation in Second Language Instruction","authors":"R. Erlam","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0404.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0404.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Explicit knowledge is knowledge that a learner has about a language and that he or she is conscious of and able to report in some way (Ellis, 2008). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000esl/efl; \u0000language teaching; \u0000second language acquisition; \u0000grammar","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124123459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0512.PUB2
J. Wakabayashi
Translation historiography explores changes in the practice and conceptualization of translation over time and space, as well as the causes of these changes. Keywords: descriptive translation studies; history; translation
{"title":"History of Translation","authors":"J. Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0512.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0512.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Translation historiography explores changes in the practice and conceptualization of translation over time and space, as well as the causes of these changes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000descriptive translation studies; \u0000history; \u0000translation","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133046360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0059
D. Lasagabaster
Languages play a paramount role in any society in general and in education in particular. A student enrolled in a bilingual school in which different languages are in contact soon realizes that society, family, peers, and school all place importance on these languages. The students' own assessment, together with the context, the information, and the knowledge they acquire will shape their attitudes toward these languages and their motivation for learning them. Keywords: bilingualism; language teaching; teaching methods in applied linguistics
{"title":"Attitudes and Motivation in Bilingual Education","authors":"D. Lasagabaster","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0059","url":null,"abstract":"Languages play a paramount role in any society in general and in education in particular. A student enrolled in a bilingual school in which different languages are in contact soon realizes that society, family, peers, and school all place importance on these languages. The students' own assessment, together with the context, the information, and the knowledge they acquire will shape their attitudes toward these languages and their motivation for learning them. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000bilingualism; \u0000language teaching; \u0000teaching methods in applied linguistics","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123720383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1289
A. Kirkpatrick
The earliest contacts between English speakers and Asians led to the emergence of pidgins, as in China (Bolton, 2003). Keywords: Central Asia; Eastern Asia; Southern Asia; Western Asia; World Englishes; lingua francas
{"title":"Varieties of English in Asia","authors":"A. Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1289","url":null,"abstract":"The earliest contacts between English speakers and Asians led to the emergence of pidgins, as in China (Bolton, 2003). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000Central Asia; \u0000Eastern Asia; \u0000Southern Asia; \u0000Western Asia; \u0000World Englishes; \u0000lingua francas","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129238332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0390
G. Crookes
Since the 19th century, central concepts related to knowledge, of interest to philosophers, educators, and scientists, have been analyzed using a small group of primary categories; the core three are metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology. Keywords: 18th century; 19th century; research methods in applied linguistics
{"title":"Epistemology and Ontology","authors":"G. Crookes","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0390","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 19th century, central concepts related to knowledge, of interest to philosophers, educators, and scientists, have been analyzed using a small group of primary categories; the core three are metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u000018th century; \u000019th century; \u0000research methods in applied linguistics","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121086969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0871
G. Braine
Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) is the largest international organization in the world for teachers of English as an additional language. Keywords: TOFEL; movements; non-native
{"title":"Non‐Native‐Speaker English Teachers","authors":"G. Braine","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0871","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) is the largest international organization in the world for teachers of English as an additional language. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000TOFEL; \u0000movements; \u0000non-native","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121220088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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