Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1026.PUB2
T. Skutnabb-Kangas,
Linguistic human rights (LHR) can be defined as “only those language rights . . . which are so basic for a dignified life that everybody has them because of being human; therefore, in principle no state (or individual) is allowed to violate them” (e.g., Skutnabb-Kangas, 2008, p. 109; see Skutnabb-Kangas, in press-a, for a discussion of definitions). For basic presentations of LHR, including Web sites for all human rights (HR) instruments below, see Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000, in press-a, in press-b). Keywords: educational linguistics; endangered languages; language policy; discrimination; identity politics; multilingualism
语言人权(LHR)可以定义为“只有那些语言的权利……这些对于有尊严的生活来说是非常基本的，每个人都拥有它们，因为他们是人类;因此，原则上不允许任何国家(或个人)违反它们”(例如，Skutnabb-Kangas, 2008, p. 109;见Skutnabb-Kangas, in press-a，关于定义的讨论)。关于人权的基本介绍，包括以下所有人权文书的网站，见Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000年，按a，按b)。关键词:教育语言学;濒危语言;语言政策;歧视;身份政治;多种语言
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Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0198.PUB2
Aki Siegel, P. Seedhouse
This entry discusses how conversation analysis (CA) has been employed to investigate interaction which occurs in second/foreign-language (L2) classrooms. Keywords: language in the classroom; applied linguistics; classroom interaction; conversation analysis; interactionist language studies
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Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0035.PUB2
P. Robinson
Like height, intelligence quotient (IQ), or working-memory capacity, aptitude is measurable, and differs in degree between learners in any population. Unlike height, aptitude cannot be directly observed, but must be inferred from performance on psychological tests designed to measure it. Higher aptitude for second or foreign-language learning predicts more successful adaptation to instructed, or naturalistic exposure to the second language (L2), as measured by demonstrably faster progress in learning, and in higher levels of ultimate attainment in proficiency at the end of a course of instruction, or following a period of naturalistic exposure to the L2. Aptitude is therefore a theoretical construct (see Jordan, 2004), operationalized in the form of a test, which aims to predict phenomena that characterize second language acquisition (SLA) (such as incidental learning, metalinguistic awareness, fossilization, and others), and the extent to which successful SLA occurs as a result. Although little was known about these SLA phenomena during the period when aptitude tests were first developed (the 1930s to the 1950s), recent attempts to conceptualize and measure aptitude are addressing the extent to which tests of aptitude predict them— including for example, the extent of successful incidental L2 learning (Robinson, 2005a), metalinguistic awareness of the L2 (Roehr, 2008), and the influence of each on levels of ultimate L2 attainment (Abrahamsson & Hyltenstam, 2008). Some of these issues are described below, following a discussion of early developed conceptualizations, and measurement of aptitude for language learning. Keywords: cognitive development; language teaching; second language acquisition; assessment
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Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL1266
Averil Coxhead
Language for specific purposes (LSP) can be defined as “the teaching and research of language in relation to the communicative needs of speakers of a second language in facing a particular workplace, academic, or professional context” (Basturkmen & Elder, 2004, p. 672). Keywords: corpus; language for specific purposes; vocabulary
特定目的语言(LSP)可以定义为“与第二语言使用者在面对特定工作场所、学术或专业背景时的交际需求相关的语言教学和研究”(Basturkmen & Elder, 2004, p. 672)。关键词:语料库;用于特定目的的语言;词汇表
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Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0196.PUB2
J. Steensig
When people respond in interaction they will invariably indicate whether they cooperate with aspects of the utterances they respond to. Keywords: language and social interaction; methods; pragmatics; research methods in applied linguistics
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Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0984.PUB2
Paige Ware, M. Warschauer
Qualitative research on information and communication technology (ICT) covers a wide terrain, from studies examining online text comprehension Keywords: CALL; computer mediated communication; research methods in applied linguistics; language learning technology; literacy
{"title":"Qualitative Research on Information and Communication Technology","authors":"Paige Ware, M. Warschauer","doi":"10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0984.PUB2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0984.PUB2","url":null,"abstract":"Qualitative research on information and communication technology (ICT) covers a wide terrain, from studies examining online text comprehension \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000CALL; \u0000computer mediated communication; \u0000research methods in applied linguistics; \u0000language learning technology; \u0000literacy","PeriodicalId":298589,"journal":{"name":"The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1492
D. Malinowski, S. Dubreil
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