Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Governing the Horn’s External Linkages: Agency, Domestic Politics and Local Power in the Horn of Africa – Gulf Relations","authors":"Aleksi Ylönen","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2299077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2299077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Late-comer Friend: Iranian Interests on the Horn of Africa","authors":"Viktor Marsai, Erzsébet N. Rózsa","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2300582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2300582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cooperation between China and the Gulf Arab States in the Horn of Africa: From the Perspective of the Global South","authors":"Chang Liu","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2295678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2295678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hajj Factor in Saudi Arabia and Somaliland Relations","authors":"Song Niu","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2289778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2289778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s Views on Solving the Yemeni Issue Within the Framework of Global Security Initiative","authors":"Zhang Yuan, Zhang Zhiyuan","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2279843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2279843","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractYemen is a traditional friendly country of China and an important partner of China in the Arabian Peninsula. As a result of the recurring conflicts in Yemen, its economic situation has been deteriorating. China’s bilateral trade volume and direct investment with Yemen have been directly affected by the war in Yemen and have fluctuated significantly. The security and happiness of the Yemeni people and the effective protection of people’s rights cannot be achieved without stable internal social relations and a peaceful external environment. In 2022, President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Security Initiative (GSI), calling on countries to adapt to the profoundly changing international landscape in the spirit of solidarity, and to address security challenges with a win-win mindset. In 2023, China releases the Global Security Initiative Concept Paper. China’s idea for solving the Yemen issue is a theoretical and institutional reflection on war, peace and development based on a reflexion of the unequal world hegemonic order, centreing on equality and the care for humanity.Keywords: Yemen IssueGlobal Security Initiative Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 ‘Director-General of the Department of International Organizations and Conferences of the Foreign Ministry Shen Bo Meets with Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Yemen Hans Grundberg’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, (26 May 2023), available at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202305/t20230527_11084714.html; ‘Envoy of the Chinese Government on the Middle East Issues Zhai Jun Meets with Ambassador of Yemen to China Dr. Mohammed Al-Maitami’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, (13 April 2023), available at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202304/t20230417_11060201.html.2 Su Ying and Huang Minxing, ‘Political Islamic Movement and the Nation-State Rebuilding in Yemen’, Arab World Studies 3, (2016), p. 16; Su Ying and Huang Minxing, ‘An Analysis of Regionalism in Yemen form the Perspective of State Governance’, West Asia and Africa 2, (2017), p. 130.3 Liu Zhongmin and Ren Hua, ‘The Evolution, Cause and Impacts of Extremist Organizations in Yemen’, Arab World Studies 2, (2017), p. 3.4 Zhu Quangang, ‘The Rise of Multiple Armed Forces in Yemen and Its Governance Predicament’, Arab World Studies 4, (2019), p. 36.5 Pu Yao and Tang Binjun, ‘Tribal Factors in Yemen’s Political Crisis’, Arab World Studies 6, (2016), p. 77; Wu Tianyu and Wu Bingbing, ‘The Rise and Decline of Zaydis in Yemen and Political Struggle of Houthis’, Arab World Studies 3, (2018), p. 48; Su Ying and Huang Minxing, ‘The Tribe-State Relationship in Yemen from the Perspective of Social Anomie Theory’, Arab World Studies 4, (2019), p. 70.6 Dong Manyuan, ‘The Yemen Crisis: Impacts and Prospects’, China International Studies 5, (2012), p. 67; LIU Xinlu, ‘Development Trend of Yemen Crisis’, Journal of Internatio","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Israel’s Domestic Policy on Islam-Related Issues: A Preliminary Appraisal","authors":"Li Haipeng","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2273575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2273575","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSince its independence in 1948, Israel’s policy on Islam-related issues has long been subordinated to its Arab minority policy. Policy priorities that focused on land resource deprivation and security risk avoidance and its multiple mechanisms for policy implementation highlighted a strategy of securitisation and pragmatism. Since the 1990s, the ascendance of right-wing forces drove Israel’s Islam-related policy towards a tougher line, with its concerns shifting from material and security to cultural and ideological ones and resorting more frequently to coercive measures. In this process, the Islamic Movement in Israel became the main opposition force among the Arab community to respond to and challenge the government’s policy changes. The bilateral mobilisation of Jewish right-wing and hardline Islamist forces amplified the impact of religious issues on the interethnic relations in Israel, which further accelerated the trend of radicalisation, Palestinization, and Islamization among the Israeli Arab community.Keywords: IsraelIslam-related policyIslamArabsIsraeli-Palestinian conflict Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 At the end of 2020, the population of Israel stood at 9,289,760, including 1,957,270 Arabs, representing 21.1% of the total. This figure includes almost 362,000 Arab residents of East Jerusalem who hold ‘permanent resident’ status, but not full citizenship. Thus, the number of Arab citizens of Israel was 1,595,300 at the end of 2020, constituting some 17.2% of the total population. The large majority of Arab citizens of Israel are Muslim (82.9%), and the remainder are either Druze (9.2%) or Christian (7.9%). See Nasreen Haddad Haj-Yahya, Muhammad Khalaily, Arik Rudnitzky, Ben Fargeon, ‘Statistical Report on Arab Society in Israel: Executive Summary 2021’, Ministry for Social Equality & The Israel Democracy Institute (2021), pp. 6–9.2 Sammy Smooha, Israel, Pluralism and Conflict (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978), pp. 13–15.3 Ian Lustick, Arabs in a Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority, Austin (London: University of Texas Press, 1980), pp. 24–27.4 Elia Zureik, The Palestinian in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonialism (London: Routledge & K.Paul, 1979), pp. 10–20, 26–28.5 Nadim N. Rouhana, Palestinian Citizens in an Ethnic Jewish State: Identities in Conflict (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 14–23; As‘ad Ghanem, The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel, 1948–2000: A Political Study (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001), pp. 7–9; Oren Yiftachel, Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), pp. 11–20.6 Alisa Rubin Peled, Debating Islam in the Jewish State: The Development of Policy toward Islamic Institutions in Israel (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001), pp. 10–14.7 Ahmad Natour, ‘Israel’s Seizure of Islamic Endowments (Awqaf)’, in Nadim N","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Producing Knowledge in the War Zones: Challenges and Risks of Academia in Rojava","authors":"Seevan Saeed","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2273702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2273702","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper is based on the ongoing studies that examines the notion of producing knowledge and pursuing academic activities under exceptional circumstances. It is argued that academia and scientific institutions are under scrutiny in terms of their independence, neutrality and quality of producing knowledge and scientific achievements. In the countries that have lesser chance for freedom of expression and dialogue atmosphere, scientific institutions are naturally under less advantage academic conditions. Arguably, they are directly connected to the interests and the will of the state or powerful groups in society. Thus, this paper tries to shed light on the conditions within which universities and academic institutions in war zones and areas besieged by chaos and state failure. The paper is written with a focus on Syria and particularly on North Eastern Self Administration entity of Rojava. The paper tries to look at the challenges that these institutions are facing, in terms frameworks and recognition, freedom of works and limitations, risk of life and safety, and most importantly, the quality of producing knowledge and their academic staff. Another aspect that this paper tries to highlight is the claim of providing new and different style of knowledge productions out of the frame of mainstream style of academia in the world. How alternative and radical modes and methods of teaching and learning can develop in such an environment? What forms of relations between academia and society are developed, and what are the main obstacles in front of these relations? For this purpose, the focus will be on two recently established universities in Rojava, ‘University of Rojava and Kobane University’. My contribution is based on my experiences of working as an instructor of social and political thoughts at the Institute of Social Sciences at the University of Rojava as well as my multiple visits to the actual Area of Syria and Rojava and conducting interviews with students, staff, and education policy makers in this region.Keywords: Universityproducing knowledgewar zoneRojavachallenges Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 Sansom and Milton, ‘Syrian Higher Education during Conflict: Survival, Protection, and Regime Security’, International Journal of Educational Development 64, (2019), pp. 38–47.2 Moaz Alsherfawi and Sulaiman Mouselli, ‘NGO Education at Syrian Higher Education Institutions: A Tale of Two Universities’, Journal of Service, Innovation and Sustainable Development 3(2), (2022), pp. 98–112.3 UNICEF, ‘Whole of Syria Humanitarian Situation Report: End of Year 2021’, (9 February 2022), available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Whole%20of%20Syria%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20-%20January%20-%20.4 United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), ‘SDG 4 QualityEducation: 2021 Report’, (2021), available at: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/goal-04/","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict in Yemen and its impacts on China’s interests in the region","authors":"Yahya Koshaimah, Xiaolong Zou","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2269787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2269787","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe conflict in Yemen, which has been going on for 8 years, has great repercussions for Yemen and the entire region. Yemen’s strategic position has made it a key player in a crucial area that influences energy supplies, and international shipping routes, as well as a point of contact between Asia, Africa, and Europe. China, the area’s greatest economic partner and largest importer of oil, was one of those affected, particularly with the announcement of the Chinese BRI and its massive projects in the region. The prolonged conflict in Yemen has hampered Chinese investments and the construction of several key and strategic BRI projects in Yemen, as well as jeopardising many of its mega projects in the region. It also posed a new threat to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden’s sea routes, as well as the establishment of new military bases in strategic areas capable of controlling international trade routes and intensifying military rivalry in the region.Keywords: ChinaYemen conflictBRIRed SeaGulf of Aden Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 UNDP, ‘Assessing the Impact of War in Yemen: Pathways for Recovery’, United Nations Development Programme, (2021), available at: https://www.undp.org/publications/assessing-impact-war-yemen-pathways-recovery.2 Mordechai Chaziza, ‘The belt and road initiative : new driving force for Sino-Yemen relationship’, China Report 2, no. June (2021), pp. 229–246.3 Lillian Craig Harris, China Considers the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993), pp. 90–91.4 Mohamed Bin Huwaidin, China’s Relations with Arabia and the Gulf 1949–1999 (New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 173.5 Lillian Craig Harris, China Considers the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993), pp. 90–91.6 Lillian Craig Harris, China Considers the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993), pp. 90–91.7 ‘CHINA PRIORITIZES GULF ECONOMIC, OIL RELATIONSHIPS’, Hisham Al-khawlani, Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies, (25, 01 , 2021), pp. 1–21.8 Wolfgang Bartke, The Economic Aid of the PR China to Developing and Socialist Countries, (London: K.G. Saur, 1989), pp. 139–145.9 Mohamed Bin Huwaidin, China’s Relations with Arabia and the Gulf 1949–1999 (New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 180.10 Mohamed Bin Huwaidin, China’s Relations with Arabia and the Gulf 1949–1999 (New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 181.11 Mohamed Bin Huwaidin, China’s Relations with Arabia and the Gulf 1949–1999 (New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 184–185.12 Alawd, Othman and Ismail, ‘The political relations between Yemen and the People’s Republic of China During Ali Abdullah Saleh’s administration from 1990 to 2012’, International Journal of Management and Applied Science 3(3), (2017), pp. 16–44.13 Leung, Li and Low, ‘Transitions in China’s oil economy, 1990-2010’, Eurasian Geography and Economics 52(4), (2011), pp. 483–500.14 Robert D’A Henderson, ‘First Batch of China’s Emergency Humanitarian Aid Arrives in Yemen - Xinhua | English.News.Cn’, (2017), available a","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation between Regional Power Policies of Turkey and the Media Strategy of President Erdoğan","authors":"Melih Dinçer","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2267292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2267292","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis research investigates the relation between regional power policies of Turkey and the media strategy of President Erdoğan. After the coup attempt on July 15, 2016, the Justice and Development Party started to implement regional power policies, which are focusing on security affairs. The political power fell into the hands of the President. Regional power policies are used as a legitimised as a tool for the transition to authoritarianism. The main purpose of this transition is to suppress dissident voices by controlling the media. In this article, I argue that President Erdoğan uses regional power policies as a tool to control the national media. The President is trying to create the image of a world leader for himself by using the pro-government media companies. Turkey’s of natural gas, the Libya issue and the NATO Summit in Madrid will be discussed in terms of media’s perspectives.Keywords: Turkish foreign policyregional powerthe discourse of powerful Turkeydomestic politicsnational media Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Oliver Stuenkel, Post-Western World: How Emerging Powers Are Remaking Global Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2016), p. 8.2 Francis A. Kornegay and Sanusha Naidu, ‘BRICS in the post-liberal world order: A new agenda for cooperation? Perspectives from South Africa’, Strategic Analysis 43(6), (2019), pp. 632–635.3 Enes Bayraklı and Aslıhan Alkanat, ‘An analysis of European actors policies towards operation peace spring’, The Journal of Defence and War Studies 32(1), (2022), pp. 1–5.4 Ihsan Yilmaz, Mehmet Efe Caman and Galib Bashirov, ‘How an Islamist party managed to legitimate its authoritarianization in the eyes of the secularist opposition: the case of Turkey’, Democratization 27(2), (2020), p. 274.5 Duygu Karatas and Erkan Saka, ‘Online political trolling in the context of post-Gezi social media in Turkey’, International Journal of Digital Television 8(3), (2017), p. 393.6 Murat Akser and Banu Baybars, ‘Repressed media and illiberal politics in Turkey: the persistence of fear’, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 23(1), (2023), pp. 159–163.7 Mustafa Kutlay and Ziya Öniş, ‘Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence?’, International Affairs 97(4), (2021), pp. 1099–1100.8 Edward Wastnidge, ‘Imperial grandeur and selective memory: Re-assessing neo-Ottomanism in Turkish foreign and domestic politics’, Middle East Critique 28(1), (2019), pp. 12–24.9 Ibid., p. 20.10 Ibid., pp. 20–21.11 Kutlay and Öniş, ‘Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order’, pp. 1096–1099.12 Kutlay and Öniş, ‘Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order’, p. 1088.13 ‘Turkey’, Human Rights Watch, (10 February 2023).14 Ihsan Yilmaz and Galib Bashirov, ‘The AKP after 15 years: emergence of Erdoganism in Turkey’, Third World Quarterly 39(9), (2018), p. 1819.15 M. Hakan Yavuz and Ahmet Erdi Öztürk, ‘Turkish secularism and Islam under the re","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Health Security of Drinking Water in Sacred City: the Hydraulic and Zam Zam Projects in Mecca as Cases","authors":"Cheng Zhen, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2023.2279842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2023.2279842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the first Islamic sacred city, the health security of drinking water in Mecca has been highly concerned since ancient time. As a unique potable water resource of Mecca, the health security of Bir Zam Zam has aroused the high attention of Muslims and related countries all over the world, which is closely related to the special status generated by the origin of the role in the sa’y ceremony of the hajj. Because of this, Zam Zam water is widely regarded as ‘sacred water’ and appears the phenomenon of religious alienation in its health function. In 2013, Saudi Arabia launched a new Bir Zam Zam project to improve water quality by more scientific and technological means. Relevant tests found that its water quality could meet the potable water standards of the World Health Organisation and the American Public Health Association, but there were also voices of doubt from abroad, and Saudi Arabia also responded to this. With the advent of the post-pandemic era and the resumption of the hajj for Muslims outside Saudi Arabia in 2022, the consumption of Bir Zam Zam by pilgrims and Muslims will rise to high levels, inevitably leading to an upward risk to international health security.","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}