Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100359
Mordecai Opoku Ohemeng , Bernard Asamoah Afful , Joseph Ackora-Prah , Benedict Barnes , Ishmael Takyi
This paper develops a general Lyapunov-based framework for state-feedback control of nonlinear discrete-time systems, where the controller is designed to offer formal assurance of the monotonic decrease of a quadratic Lyapunov function while explicitly accounting for actuator saturation (input constraints). The framework is first presented in a general setting, emphasizing stability conditions under practical limits, and then applied to a case study in autonomous driving. The core difficulty lies in analytically deriving the feedback gains to satisfy both the Hurwitz stability criteria and desired transient (damping) specifications, while maintaining a low-complexity structure. Using a simplified vehicle model, two controllers are compared: a basic proportional feedback law and a Lyapunov-stable controller (LSC) that explicitly incorporates lateral deviation into the control policy. Both controllers are evaluated on real-world driving trajectories from the comma2k19 dataset. Simulation results demonstrate that the LSC significantly improves lane-keeping performance and accelerates convergence to the equilibrium compared to the baseline controller. The novelty of this work lies in bridging Lyapunov stability analysis with practical control evaluation on real driving data, offering a systematic approach to controller design.
{"title":"Enhancing autonomous vehicle control with lateral error feedback analysis","authors":"Mordecai Opoku Ohemeng , Bernard Asamoah Afful , Joseph Ackora-Prah , Benedict Barnes , Ishmael Takyi","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a general Lyapunov-based framework for state-feedback control of nonlinear discrete-time systems, where the controller is designed to offer formal assurance of the monotonic decrease of a quadratic Lyapunov function while explicitly accounting for actuator saturation (input constraints). The framework is first presented in a general setting, emphasizing stability conditions under practical limits, and then applied to a case study in autonomous driving. The core difficulty lies in analytically deriving the feedback gains to satisfy both the Hurwitz stability criteria and desired transient (damping) specifications, while maintaining a low-complexity structure. Using a simplified vehicle model, two controllers are compared: a basic proportional feedback law and a Lyapunov-stable controller (LSC) that explicitly incorporates lateral deviation into the control policy. Both controllers are evaluated on real-world driving trajectories from the comma2k19 dataset. Simulation results demonstrate that the LSC significantly improves lane-keeping performance and accelerates convergence to the equilibrium compared to the baseline controller. The novelty of this work lies in bridging Lyapunov stability analysis with practical control evaluation on real driving data, offering a systematic approach to controller design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cells play a crucial role in biomedical research, offering remarkable potential for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types makes them essential for tissue repair and regeneration. This note explores a basic model of the differentiation/proliferation mechanisms while accounting for the maximum population size the environment can sustainably support due to limiting resources — i.e., the carrying capacity. Regulatory mechanisms affecting the proliferation rate are investigated using both deterministic and stochastic approaches. The deterministic analysis identifies regions of the parameter space that ensure a stable balance between stem and differentiated cells, while the stochastic approach provides valuable insights suggesting that a positive feedback on the proliferation rate leads to lower fluctuations in the accumulation of differentiated cells.
{"title":"A model of stem cell dynamics with carrying capacity: The role of feedback on proliferation rate","authors":"Alessandro Borri , Pasquale Palumbo , Abhyudai Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem cells play a crucial role in biomedical research, offering remarkable potential for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types makes them essential for tissue repair and regeneration. This note explores a basic model of the differentiation/proliferation mechanisms while accounting for the maximum population size the environment can sustainably support due to limiting resources — i.e., the carrying capacity. Regulatory mechanisms affecting the proliferation rate are investigated using both deterministic and stochastic approaches. The deterministic analysis identifies regions of the parameter space that ensure a stable balance between stem and differentiated cells, while the stochastic approach provides valuable insights suggesting that a positive feedback on the proliferation rate leads to lower fluctuations in the accumulation of differentiated cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100357
Mohd Faizan, Mahdi Boukerdja, Anne Lise Gehin, Belkacem Ould Bouamama, Sumit Sood
Energy system resilience refers to the ability of systems to operate effectively during disruptive events. These disruptions occur when control mechanisms fail due to actuator saturation, triggered by faults or attacks with unpredictable behaviour. Maintaining system resilience relies on recovery control strategies. However, these strategies are often delayed, leading to severe system performance degradation. A novel indicator, Remaining Time to Recovery (RTTR), has been introduced in this work to address the delay in recovery control implementation. This indicator facilitates the implementation of the anticipatory recovery control strategies to address this delay. An innovative method for the online estimation of RTTR has been proposed, based on a hybrid approach that combines Bond Graph (BG) modelling and Machine Learning (ML). In the proposed work, the BG reference model interacts with system measurements and instantly estimates power losses caused by faults or attacks before the system’s performance is impacted. The ML layer, using linear regression (LR), processes the estimated power loss data to derive a prediction model of power loss evolution that is updated in real-time. RTTR is then predicted based on the initiation of power loss and the predicted evolution of that loss over time. The proposed methodology has been validated on a two-tank system using real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation with a Speedgoat target machine. The HIL simulations in different scenarios have been presented to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Online estimation of remaining time to recovery to enhance resilience using bond graph based power loss estimation","authors":"Mohd Faizan, Mahdi Boukerdja, Anne Lise Gehin, Belkacem Ould Bouamama, Sumit Sood","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy system resilience refers to the ability of systems to operate effectively during disruptive events. These disruptions occur when control mechanisms fail due to actuator saturation, triggered by faults or attacks with unpredictable behaviour. Maintaining system resilience relies on recovery control strategies. However, these strategies are often delayed, leading to severe system performance degradation. A novel indicator, Remaining Time to Recovery (RTTR), has been introduced in this work to address the delay in recovery control implementation. This indicator facilitates the implementation of the anticipatory recovery control strategies to address this delay. An innovative method for the online estimation of RTTR has been proposed, based on a hybrid approach that combines Bond Graph (BG) modelling and Machine Learning (ML). In the proposed work, the BG reference model interacts with system measurements and instantly estimates power losses caused by faults or attacks before the system’s performance is impacted. The ML layer, using linear regression (LR), processes the estimated power loss data to derive a prediction model of power loss evolution that is updated in real-time. RTTR is then predicted based on the initiation of power loss and the predicted evolution of that loss over time. The proposed methodology has been validated on a two-tank system using real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation with a Speedgoat target machine. The HIL simulations in different scenarios have been presented to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A central challenge in direct data-driven control design is to ensure constraint satisfaction and safe operation of the closed-loop system while maintaining certain performance. To address this, we propose a hierarchical data-driven control architecture for constrained linear time-invariant systems to track a given setpoint reference. The inner-loop consists of a model reference controller (MRC) synthesized directly from the noisy data, which ensures performance by attempting to match a user-specified reference model. The outer-loop is a robust model predictive control (RMPC), acting as a safety pre-filter which optimally modifies the reference signal given to the inner loop MRC, ensuring constraint satisfaction and improving overall tracking performance. Additionally, the RMPC scheme accounts for a potential mismatch between the achieved closed-loop and the desired reference model, in the case of imperfect matching by the inner loop controller. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via a numerical example.
{"title":"Direct data-driven model-reference control for constrained systems","authors":"Manas Mejari, Milad Banitalebi Dehkordi, Dario Piga","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central challenge in direct data-driven control design is to ensure constraint satisfaction and safe operation of the closed-loop system while maintaining certain performance. To address this, we propose a hierarchical data-driven control architecture for constrained linear time-invariant systems to track a given setpoint reference. The inner-loop consists of a model reference controller (MRC) synthesized directly from the noisy data, which ensures performance by attempting to match a user-specified reference model. The outer-loop is a robust model predictive control (RMPC), acting as a safety pre-filter which optimally modifies the reference signal given to the inner loop MRC, ensuring constraint satisfaction and improving overall tracking performance. Additionally, the RMPC scheme accounts for a potential mismatch between the achieved closed-loop and the desired reference model, in the case of imperfect matching by the inner loop controller. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via a numerical example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100353
Sohaib Ahmad Sirwal , Babar Ahmad , Majid Hameed Koul
Haptic feedback is essential for intuitive teleoperation, yet designing systems that improve performance without increasing cognitive load remains a critical challenge. This study investigates how the quality of vibrotactile feedback within a multimodal framework influences operator performance and control strategy. A vision-assisted haptic teleoperation system that combines position-error-based force feedback with vibrotactile cues derived from real-time contour detection is proposed. Using a low-cost dual Novint Falcon setup, a user study compared binary vibration with a graded mode employing PWM-based signals to encode proximity. The results demonstrated that graded feedback allowed participants to complete tasks 17% faster with approximately 5% lower RMSE while applying a comparable force. Subjective evaluations also revealed a 32% reduction in mental demand and a 35% reduction in frustration at NASA-TLX, in addition to significantly greater confidence and perceived performance. These findings show that proportional anticipatory feedback allows operators to shift from reactive error correction to more fluid and efficient predictive control strategies. The results infer that the quality and intuitiveness of haptic information is decisive in developing effective telepresence systems, with graded multimodal cues providing clear advantages over binary feedback in the surgical, industrial, and assistive domains.
{"title":"Multimodal haptic feedback guidance and discrimination in vision-assisted teleoperation","authors":"Sohaib Ahmad Sirwal , Babar Ahmad , Majid Hameed Koul","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haptic feedback is essential for intuitive teleoperation, yet designing systems that improve performance without increasing cognitive load remains a critical challenge. This study investigates how the quality of vibrotactile feedback within a multimodal framework influences operator performance and control strategy. A vision-assisted haptic teleoperation system that combines position-error-based force feedback with vibrotactile cues derived from real-time contour detection is proposed. Using a low-cost dual Novint Falcon setup, a user study compared binary vibration with a graded mode employing PWM-based signals to encode proximity. The results demonstrated that graded feedback allowed participants to complete tasks 17% faster with approximately 5% lower RMSE while applying a comparable force. Subjective evaluations also revealed a 32% reduction in mental demand and a 35% reduction in frustration at NASA-TLX, in addition to significantly greater confidence and perceived performance. These findings show that proportional anticipatory feedback allows operators to shift from reactive error correction to more fluid and efficient predictive control strategies. The results infer that the quality and intuitiveness of haptic information is decisive in developing effective telepresence systems, with graded multimodal cues providing clear advantages over binary feedback in the surgical, industrial, and assistive domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100354
Shuvo Dev , Mehedi Hassan , Naruttam Kumar Roy , Rabiul Islam
This study examines the design of a resilient control strategy for an IEEE 8-bus power system with renewable integration. It makes use of sophisticated control techniques such as Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG), Sector-Bounded LQG (SBLQG), and Norm-Bounded LQG (NBLQG). By correcting model errors, the major goal of this study is to increase the power system’s resilience while preserving respectable performance indicators. To evaluate the efficacy of each control strategy, a thorough comparison is carried out using pole-zero plots, Bode plots, time-domain specifications, robust analysis, and statistical analysis. According to the pole-zero analysis, all control strategies have poles that are located in the left half-plane; the SBLQG and NBLQG strategies have the most leftward pole placements, which is a sign of better stability. The gain margin and phase margin consistently rise with each approach, according to Bode plot research, while the gain crossover and phase crossover frequencies also slightly increase. The controller’s enhanced robustness is evident in the 9.63% gain margin increases for LQG, 55.29% for SBLQG, and 86.79% for NBLQG when compared to LQR. In terms of time-domain performance, a decrease in rise time, peak time, and settling time is noted, while the percentage overshoot progressively diminishes in the sequence of LQR, LQG, SBLQG, and NBLQG. The percentage decrement in settling time for the controllers compared to LQR is 24.73% for LQG, 93.23% for SBLQG, and 98.06% for NBLQG, further highlighting their enhanced performance. The largest negative Cohen’s d values are observed in the comparison between LQR and NBLQG, with −24.4618 for GM and −18.9984 for PM, indicating a significant performance disparity. The results show that NBLQG is the most robust control strategy, exhibiting a modest settling time decrement. This research contributes to the field by illustrating how robust control methods, particularly NBLQG, effectively mitigate the impact of model uncertainties, thereby enhancing power system stability and performance in the presence of inaccuracies.
{"title":"Optimal and robust control techniques for stability enhancement in a renewable integrated power system","authors":"Shuvo Dev , Mehedi Hassan , Naruttam Kumar Roy , Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the design of a resilient control strategy for an IEEE 8-bus power system with renewable integration. It makes use of sophisticated control techniques such as Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG), Sector-Bounded LQG (SBLQG), and Norm-Bounded LQG (NBLQG). By correcting model errors, the major goal of this study is to increase the power system’s resilience while preserving respectable performance indicators. To evaluate the efficacy of each control strategy, a thorough comparison is carried out using pole-zero plots, Bode plots, time-domain specifications, robust analysis, and statistical analysis. According to the pole-zero analysis, all control strategies have poles that are located in the left half-plane; the SBLQG and NBLQG strategies have the most leftward pole placements, which is a sign of better stability. The gain margin and phase margin consistently rise with each approach, according to Bode plot research, while the gain crossover and phase crossover frequencies also slightly increase. The controller’s enhanced robustness is evident in the 9.63% gain margin increases for LQG, 55.29% for SBLQG, and 86.79% for NBLQG when compared to LQR. In terms of time-domain performance, a decrease in rise time, peak time, and settling time is noted, while the percentage overshoot progressively diminishes in the sequence of LQR, LQG, SBLQG, and NBLQG. The percentage decrement in settling time for the controllers compared to LQR is 24.73% for LQG, 93.23% for SBLQG, and 98.06% for NBLQG, further highlighting their enhanced performance. The largest negative Cohen’s d values are observed in the comparison between LQR and NBLQG, with −24.4618 for GM and −18.9984 for PM, indicating a significant performance disparity. The results show that NBLQG is the most robust control strategy, exhibiting a modest settling time decrement. This research contributes to the field by illustrating how robust control methods, particularly NBLQG, effectively mitigate the impact of model uncertainties, thereby enhancing power system stability and performance in the presence of inaccuracies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100356
Mingda Yue , Jingyu Zhang , Yuhu Wu , Xun Shen
This paper investigates a duopoly marketing competition over multiple interconnected market systems (MSs). In each MS, consumers are divided into three groups: loyalists of Firm 1, loyalists of Firm 2, and undecided switchers. Firms employ targeted marketing strategies to influence consumer loyalty, leading to instantaneous shifts in the MS composition. Additionally, consumers across different MSs interact through a fixed social network, modeled as a directed graph, which drives continuous consensus-based opinion dynamics. We first establish that the consumer loyalty dynamics are well-posed over time. Then, we prove that the competition between the two firms always admits a unique Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we analytically characterize the firms’ optimal advertising strategies at equilibrium by explicitly deriving the closed-form structure of their best responses. The results offer practical insights for managers on how to leverage social network interactions across MSs to optimize marketing resource allocation and competitive positioning.
{"title":"Optimal targeted marketing strategy in multiple market systems based on social network","authors":"Mingda Yue , Jingyu Zhang , Yuhu Wu , Xun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a duopoly marketing competition over multiple interconnected market systems (MSs). In each MS, consumers are divided into three groups: loyalists of Firm 1, loyalists of Firm 2, and undecided switchers. Firms employ targeted marketing strategies to influence consumer loyalty, leading to instantaneous shifts in the MS composition. Additionally, consumers across different MSs interact through a fixed social network, modeled as a directed graph, which drives continuous consensus-based opinion dynamics. We first establish that the consumer loyalty dynamics are well-posed over time. Then, we prove that the competition between the two firms always admits a unique Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we analytically characterize the firms’ optimal advertising strategies at equilibrium by explicitly deriving the closed-form structure of their best responses. The results offer practical insights for managers on how to leverage social network interactions across MSs to optimize marketing resource allocation and competitive positioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100352
Chris Verhoek , Ivan Markovsky , Roland Tóth
We consider the problem of estimating missing values in trajectories of linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. We solve this interpolation problem for the class of shifted-affine LPV systems. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions are given and a direct data-driven algorithm for its computation is presented, i.e., the data-generating system is not given by a parametric model but is implicitly specified by data. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed solution on illustrative examples of a mass–spring-damper system with exogenous and endogenous parameter variation.
{"title":"Direct data-driven interpolation and approximation of linear parameter-varying system trajectories","authors":"Chris Verhoek , Ivan Markovsky , Roland Tóth","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the problem of estimating missing values in trajectories of <em>linear parameter-varying</em> (LPV) systems. We solve this <em>interpolation</em> problem for the class of shifted-affine LPV systems. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions are given and a direct data-driven algorithm for its computation is presented, i.e., the data-generating system is not given by a parametric model but is implicitly specified by data. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed solution on illustrative examples of a mass–spring-damper system with exogenous and endogenous parameter variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100351
Lui Holder-Pearson , J. Geoffrey Chase , Yeong Shiong Chiew , Geoffrey Shaw , Bernard Lambermont , Thomas Desaive
Acute respiratory distress and respiratory disease often require patients be treated with mechanical ventilation (MV) and thus place extreme demand on intensive care units (ICUs). This burden can be unsustainably high in some periods, and particularly during pandemics, such as Covid-19. In low resource regions and countries, the result can be inequity, a problem addressable via simple technological innovation. Ventilator sharing over two or more patients has been proposed but strongly discouraged because it could not treat different patient needs and hindered individual patient monitoring. However, all these approaches ventilated patients in-parallel, each breathing at the same time.
A simple switching valve enables series breathing, one patient after the other. External, low-cost, and reusable sensor arrays enable individual monitoring, while low-cost adjustable pressure reducing valves allow pressure to be fully customised across two patients. This study uses an experimental test lung to experimentally demonstrate and validate the ability of such a system to balance ventilation across 2 simulated patients with very different lung compliances.
A method is presented to achieve equal tidal volumes in two lungs with differing compliances of 0.10 L cmH 2O−1 and 0.05 L cmH 2O−1. This goal requires driving and end-expiratory pressures of at least 20 cmH 2O, which are clinically relatively high. The approach prioritises safety, ensuring more compliant lung is not over-ventilated during the process, reducing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The system is compatible with different ventilators, and cost-effectively fabricated in low-resource settings. Strategies addressing key safety concerns, such as cross-contamination, sterilisation, and ventilator configuration, are also presented.
急性呼吸窘迫和呼吸系统疾病通常需要患者进行机械通气（MV）治疗，因此对重症监护病房（icu）提出了极高的要求。在某些时期，特别是在Covid-19等大流行期间，这种负担可能高得不可持续。在资源匮乏的地区和国家，结果可能是不平等，这个问题可以通过简单的技术创新来解决。两名或两名以上患者共用呼吸机已被提议，但强烈反对，因为它不能满足不同患者的需求，并阻碍了患者的个体监测。然而，所有这些方法都是平行的，每次呼吸都是同时进行的。一个简单的开关阀可以实现病人一个接一个的连续呼吸。外部、低成本和可重复使用的传感器阵列可以实现个人监测，而低成本的可调减压阀可以完全定制两个患者的压力。本研究通过实验测试肺，实验证明并验证了该系统在两个肺顺应性差异很大的模拟患者中平衡通气的能力。提出了一种方法，以实现相等的潮汐体积在两个肺不同的顺应性0.10 L cmh2o−1和0.05 L cmh2o−1。这一目标要求驱动和呼气末压力至少为20 cmh2o，这在临床上是相对较高的。该方法优先考虑安全性，确保更适应的肺在通气过程中不会过度通气，降低呼吸机诱导肺损伤（VILI）的风险。该系统与不同的呼吸机兼容，并且在低资源环境下具有成本效益。还提出了解决关键安全问题的策略，例如交叉污染，灭菌和呼吸机配置。
{"title":"Experimental Validation of the ACTIV Multi-Patient Mechanical Ventilation System","authors":"Lui Holder-Pearson , J. Geoffrey Chase , Yeong Shiong Chiew , Geoffrey Shaw , Bernard Lambermont , Thomas Desaive","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute respiratory distress and respiratory disease often require patients be treated with mechanical ventilation (MV) and thus place extreme demand on intensive care units (ICUs). This burden can be unsustainably high in some periods, and particularly during pandemics, such as Covid-19. In low resource regions and countries, the result can be inequity, a problem addressable via simple technological innovation. Ventilator sharing over two or more patients has been proposed but strongly discouraged because it could not treat different patient needs and hindered individual patient monitoring. However, all these approaches ventilated patients in-parallel, each breathing at the same time.</div><div>A simple switching valve enables series breathing, one patient after the other. External, low-cost, and reusable sensor arrays enable individual monitoring, while low-cost adjustable pressure reducing valves allow pressure to be fully customised across two patients. This study uses an experimental test lung to experimentally demonstrate and validate the ability of such a system to balance ventilation across 2 simulated patients with very different lung compliances.</div><div>A method is presented to achieve equal tidal volumes in two lungs with differing compliances of 0.10 L cmH <sub>2</sub>O<sup>−1</sup> and 0.05 L cmH <sub>2</sub>O<sup>−1</sup>. This goal requires driving and end-expiratory pressures of at least 20 cmH <sub>2</sub>O, which are clinically relatively high. The approach prioritises safety, ensuring more compliant lung is not over-ventilated during the process, reducing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The system is compatible with different ventilators, and cost-effectively fabricated in low-resource settings. Strategies addressing key safety concerns, such as cross-contamination, sterilisation, and ventilator configuration, are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100350
Rami Katz , Giulia Giordano , Dmitry Batenkov
Given a reaction–diffusion equation with unknown right-hand side, we consider the nonlinear inverse problem of estimating the associated leading eigenvalues and initial condition Fourier coefficients from a finite number of non-local noisy measurements. We define a reconstruction (i.e., estimation) criterion and, for small enough noise, we prove existence and uniqueness of the desired estimates. We derive closed-form expressions for the first-order condition numbers and bounds for their asymptotic behavior in a regime when the number of measured samples is fixed and the inter-sampling interval length is arbitrarily large. When computing the sought estimates numerically, our simulations show that the exponential fitting algorithm ESPRIT is first-order optimal, since its first-order condition numbers have the same asymptotic behavior as the analytic condition numbers in the considered regime.
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