European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

Background

Narrative exposure therapy (NET) addresses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by recalling, exposing, and habituating traumatic memories. It organizes autobiographical memories by reconstructing one's entire life history, and facilitates cognitive restructuring. It is particularly effective in dealing with complicated trauma. NET's significant symptom relief is observed shortly after implementation, followed by sustained symptom reduction up to one year later, with the maximum effect being reached at that point.

Methods

NET was conducted in the outpatient department of a psychiatric hospital to treat a patient with PTSD and structural dissociation (structural dissociation was defined as van der Hart). Structural dissociation posed difficulties in maintaining the motivation to participate in psychotherapy and recall memories, as one's personality is split into multiple parts. Five techniques were used to address this problem: providing treatment for a prolonged period, devising ways to interact with multiple parts, making determinations related to NET, ensuring patient safety, and emphasizing developmental psychoeducation.

Results

In the current case, a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and depression was observed one year after NET, along with a reduction in eating disorder and dissociative identity disorder (DID) symptoms. Generally, NET takes approximately four to six months for patients in their forties. In the current case, NET took 19 months; however, it was ultimately safely performed, and maladaptation was reduced.

Conclusion

The potential adaptation of NET for DID has been suggested, and further accumulation of evidence is expected in the future.

Purpose

In understanding the profound and multifaceted impact of sexual violence, there is an emergent need to explore holistic therapeutic interventions. Massage therapy is being explored as a potential means of helping survivors heal, yet its effects are not thoroughly elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of massage therapy in the psychological support of survivors of sexual violence and rape.

Methods

For this purpose, a systematic review of studies in English and French was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Based on the PICOS approach, to be eligible, studies have to include a massage-based intervention and involve a population that had experienced at least one rape or form of sexual violence. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (Hong et al., 2018).

Results

Eleven quantitative, qualitative and mixed studies were included in this review. They all conclude that therapeutic massage has a positive effect on the care of people who have suffered sexual violence

Discussion

The results suggest a large number of positive effects of using massage in the treatment of survivors of sexual violence. However, the small sample size and the diversity of the research protocols and measurement instruments make it difficult to generalize those results.

Conclusion

This systematic review supports the psychological, physical and social benefits of using massage to treat survivors of sexual violence. The small sample size, lack of representativeness and diversity of study types, experimental protocols and measurement instruments mean that future research is needed to better investigate the issue.

The schema model's therapeutic process focuses on understanding, expressing and processing different sides of traumatic experiences to achieve a sense of order in the chaotic experiences. The object-relations model supported this and named this process as the ‘splitting’. Nevertheless, the object-relations model also emphasizes that after achieving a sufficient ‘split’, the next step would be to integrate the traumatic experiences to achieve a healthy and coherent self. When viewing both models together, there seems to be a sequence in the therapeutic process of treating traumatic experiences, in which splitting should be achieved sufficiently first, followed by the process of integrating the ‘split’. A case study of a young Malaysian female adult who suffered from multiple long-term interpersonal traumas is presented to illustrate the application of this splitting-and-integrating sequence. She suffered from developmental and sexual traumas in her past, and the COVID-19 pandemic has retriggered her traumatic memories, resulting in elevated levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Through 24 sessions of therapy, her PTSD symptoms, Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and schema modes have significantly reduced. In addition, she has demonstrated a more integrated personality.

Introduction

This research investigates the complex dynamics of political socialization, psychological resilience, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Palestinians who confronted Israeli military occupation forces on Sabih Mountain in Beita in Palestine.

Methods

This study utilized a descriptive correlational methodology with a sample size of 141 participants. Relevant data were collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.

Results

This study revealed a positive correlation between political socialization and psychological resilience in the Palestinian population. Higher exposure to political socialization leads to increased resilience but is inversely correlated with the likelihood of severe PTSD. Those with greater resilience are less susceptible, while those lacking resilience are more susceptible. A greater degree of political socialization reduces the likelihood of experiencing PTSD-related consequences.

Discussion

This study emphasizes the significance of political socialization in fostering psychological resilience and attenuating PTSD in Palestinians who are facing Israeli occupation forces. Age, detention by Zionist forces, and family size significantly impact resilience levels. Age is the most influential variable, with retention positively influencing resilience. Family size, income, and disability also affect resilience levels. These findings help in understanding the complex dynamics of political socialization, psychological resilience, and PTSD among Palestinians, enabling targeted interventions and support mechanisms to enhance resilience and mitigate the impact of psychological disorders.

Conclusion

This research highlights the connection between political socialization, psychological resilience, and PTSD in the Palestinian population, who faced PTSD during the Israeli occupation. It is crucial for stakeholders to support initiatives focused on political socialization, as it nurtures psychological resilience and mitigates PTSD susceptibility. By collaborating with governmental bodies and nongovernmental institutions, transformative and collaborative efforts can be initiated, providing unwavering support and safeguarding the psychological well-being of the Palestinian people amidst the arduous adversities they face.

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that cause a condition of chronic stress in the body and that are related to subsequent cognitive decline and the development of psychiatric disorders and chronic diseases.

Objective

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between ACEs, stress, and chronic diseases in older adults.

Methods

This work was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed 450 participants aged 65 and older. To measure ACE, we used the ACE questionnaire that is a 10-item scale to measure the occurrence of a set of experiences during childhood and adolescence. In addition, the perceived stress scale was used as screening tool for stress. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between overall ACE score and individual ACE component scores and risk stress/comorbidities in adulthood after controlling for potential confounders.

Results

The overall prevalence of perceived stress among older adults was 79.1%. Almost 76% of the sample reported being diagnosed with four or more chronic diseases. We found that the risk of stress increased in case of exposure to one-three ACEs (OR = 1.42, CI = [1.19–1.93]) and in case of experiencing at least four or more ACEs (OR = 1.43, CI = [1.23–1.82]). There was a statistical non-significant association between ACE exposure and the presence of chronic diseases.

Conclusion

Together our findings demonstrate clear links between ACEs and negative mental health outcomes. Future work will assess these issues in longitudinal studies to examine the long-term impact of ACEs on health outcomes. Physicians should be able to provide clinical interventions for trauma-focused care.

Anhedonia describes the inability or difficulty of experiencing or seeking pleasure. Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or experiencing trauma and anhedonia symptoms; however, little to no work has been done to understand the evolution of anhedonia symptoms after trauma. We aimed to identify anhedonia trajectories following traumatic injury. One hundred ninety-five participants were recruited from the emergency department of a Level-1 Trauma Center after experiencing a traumatic injury. To measure anhedonia symptoms, participants completed the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) at 2-weeks, 3-months, and 6-months post-injury. Using latent class mixture modeling, we ran a trajectory analysis with three timepoints of SHAPS scores and compared mental and physical health outcomes across trajectories. Most of the sample fell in the resilient trajectory (85 %), while the remainder were in a remitting trajectory (7 %) where symptoms decreased over time, and a delayed (6 %) trajectory where symptoms did not emerge until 3-months after injury. In the resilient trajectory, there was consistently low levels of PTSD, pain, depression, and anxiety relative to the other trajectories. In the delayed trajectory, depression and PTSD were chronically elevated and pain levels were consistent but mild. In the remitting trajectory, PTSD and depression symptoms decreased over time. Identified anhedonia trajectories mirrored trajectories commonly reported for PTSD symptoms after injury. Evaluating anhedonia trajectories and how they relate to mental health outcomes may inform targeted interventions for traumatic injury patients.

The topics "retractor" and "recovered memories" are almost always associated with each other, often in the sense that retracting a told story of sexual abuse means that the original story was based on so-called false memories. Usually, these would have been created by an overly suggestive or controlling treatment (Ost, 2017).

That this connection is less simple than usually suggested is clarified in this article.

The article will focus on the person of the retractor, what drives her or him, and on influences from outside the person on the process of retraction. The focus will be on victims of organized sadistic abuse.

First responders to emergencies are exposed to various risks, including psychosocial risk factors. Caring for patients in critical situations, experiencing traumatic events, and working under highly complex conditions increase their probability of developing mental disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between PTSD and psychosocial risk factors and to understand the experiences of the disorder in this population. An explanatory sequential mixed method research design was used. The quantitative phase was an analytical cross-sectional observational study (n = 193), and the qualitative phase was phenomenological (n = 5). The psychosocial risk factors that best explained the presence of PTSD symptoms were the influence of non-work conditions on work, religion, emotional avoidance, and professional support as individual factors related to coping strategies. Individual factors such as coping strategies were determining factors that explained the symptoms of PTSD, and the influence of non-work conditions on work. It was identified that the demands of the job and the organizational factors, such as leadership style and lack of institutional support, generate anguish in workers and affect their ability to regulate their emotions when exposed to critical incidents.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Persian ITQ maintained the same factor structure as the original version. The internal reliability become great, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 for the overall scale, and good reliability for the PTSD (alpha = 0.83) and DSO (alpha = 0.88) subscales. Take a look at test-retest reliability over a one-month duration was turned into also excellent for both total scores (ICC = 0.868) and subscale scores (ICC = 0.847 to 0.854). Positive correlations were discovered between ITQ scores and measures of anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation difficulties; however, avoidance did not correlate with impulsivity. The strongest correlation was found between PTSD scores and PTSD severity. Overall, the Persian ITQ demonstrated a sound factorial structure, excellent internal reliability, good test-retest reliability, and showed convergent and discriminant validity, supporting its suitability for Persian-speaking populations.

Psychotrauma during the antenatal period seems to have consequences for children's physical and mental health. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of traumatic exposure during pregnancy on the child's socio-emotional, psychopathological and behavioural development and to identify its consequences, including the effect of the exposure period. This review was conducted according to PRISMA requirements and using Pubmed, Proquest and Scopus databases between January 1, 2000 and February 9, 2023. Out of 3,991 articles identified, 33 articles met our eligibility criteria.

The main findings of this review support the existing literature since most studies have reported that traumatic exposure during pregnancy has an effect on the child's socio-emotional, psychopathological and behavioural development. Furthermore, the results identify differential consequences for the child based on the trimester of exposure. Future studies should explore variables likely to have a mediating effect.