European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

Objectives

Lifespan Integration (LI) therapy is a relatively recent mind-body psychotherapy, primarily developed to help survivors in the treatment of trauma. The therapy resets integration, a high-level process promoting mental health, well-being, and flexible adaptation to the environment. This study aims to explore the perception of LI outcomes and “integration feeling” through LI patients’ perspectives.

Method

Twelve patients were recruited via LI-certified therapists and took part in an interview (50 % men; mean age 45.1 years; with therapies lasting 1–5 years). Each interview was conducted using a guide, and discourse was analyzed using a general inductive approach (interjudge fidelity = 0.750).

Results

The analysis revealed six salient themes: relation to oneself (including well-being, self-acceptance, self-consciousness, self-knowledge, self-care, self-image, and self-sufficiency), skills (emotional regulation, self-determination, and parenting skills), relation to others (involving relational openness, authenticity, independence, acceptance of others, and social connections readjustment), relation to reality (change in perspective and acceptance of reality), integration feeling (unification, appeasement, strength, reconnection and focusing), process (effectiveness perception, sensations, disorganization, non-linear evolution, commitment to therapy, trust with therapist, and difficulty of observing changes), and symptomatic improvement (depression, anxiety, substance use, and other symptoms).

Conclusion

This study highlights the processes that improve LI therapy efficacy according to patients. More generally, it sheds some light on the integration process and its consequences underlying the unity of identity and consciousness.

Trauma is a mental state of distress and pain resulting from memories of an unexpected, terrifying experience that threatens the survivor's sense of security, especially in children. The present research aimed to examine the Psychological Implications of man-made trauma and the efficacy of Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) to children and adolescents exposed to trauma.

The Study comprises two parts. First, it aimed to find out the relationship between Child trauma (ChT) and Post-Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms (PSTD) in children and adolescents who were exposed to fire incidents and terrorist attacks. Non-probability Purposive sampling was used in which 80 participants (45 boys and 35 girls) aged 8—17 years were selected from Joseph Colony and Yohanabad Christian Community of Lahore, and the second aimed to assess the TRT on the children and adolescents exposed to terrorist attacks. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between ChT and PTSD in children and adolescents exposed to fire incidents and terrorist attacks. Significant differences were found between the two groups in PTSD symptoms experienced by the participants. Furthermore, participants exposed to terror attacks experienced more PTSD symptoms than fire attacks. Age and proximity to the traumatic incident were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms. The intervention was given in five sessions at the Sunday school of Christ Church Yohanabad Lahore, and the results were promising. It concludes that significant improvement in post-intervention reduces PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents. The study findings can be applied to other such man-made and natural traumas in the future.

Objective

Acceptance of chronic pain is one factor affecting veterans' quality of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between chronic pain acceptance of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and pain catastrophizing.

Methods

In this descriptive research, 250 veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, who were admitted and treated at the Isar Psychiatric Hospital in Ardabil, Iran in 2022, were selected and investigated as a targeted sample. To collect data, the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire (McCracken et al., 2004), the post-traumatic growth questionnaire (Tedeschi and Kallon, 1996), the pain catastrophizing questionnaire (Sullivan et al., 1995), and the mindfulness questionnaire (Brown and Ryan, 2003) were taken advantage of. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results

The results confirmed the causal relationship between post-traumatic growth, pain catastrophizing, mindfulness, and acceptance of chronic pain in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder based on various fit indices. Posttraumatic growth, pain catastrophizing, and mindfulness had a direct effect on the acceptance of chronic pain in veterans with PTSD. Also, post-traumatic growth and pain catastrophizing through mindfulness indirectly affected the acceptance of chronic pain in veterans with traumatic stress disorder (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

It is suggested to hold educational workshops to reduce the catastrophizing effect of pain and increase post-injury growth, and mindfulness and inform veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder about the effects of accepting chronic pain on their quality of life.

Background and objectives

People report of both, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) after experiencing traumatic events. This study's aim in Sierra Leone was to explore the applicability of the expanded Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory (PTGDI-X) and to examine the relationship between PTG and PTD, alongside predictive theory-driven variables. We also investigated communal and societal PTG, using the Individual and Collective Posttraumatic Growth Scale (ICPTGS).

Method

The PTGDI-X factorial structure was evaluated by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of data of 280 students who met DSM-5 trauma criteria. 219 participants, indicating that the event affected their community, and 113 participants, reporting it to have transformed the Sierra Leonean society, answered to the ICPTGS.

Results

The PTGDI-X factor structure, proposed as cross-culturally invariant, was not applicable to the Sierra Leonean sample, but the use of the instrument's total scores was. PTG and PTD were found to co-exist, with predictive variables showing significant impacts on both constructs (e.g., disclosure, core beliefs disruption). Collective PTG outcomes in Sierra Leone were confirmed.

Conclusion

The findings indicated to measure PTG and PTD together, however top-down approaches to reveal only limited culture-specific insights. A broader conceptualization of growth, beyond the personal level was recommended.

Objective

This study aims to assess the validity of the Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas Revisada del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (EGS-R) among adults in Ecuador within the post-pandemic context of Covid-19.

Methods

Descriptive and instrumental design.

Participants

537 participants from Ambato, Ecuador, comprising 44.1% men and 55.9% women, aged 18 to 65 years (M = 24.36; SD = 8.87). Among the participants, 64.6% had experienced Covid-19, while 35.4% had not.

Results

The EGS-R exhibits a hierarchical factorial structure, demonstrating measurement equivalence between participants who experienced Covid-19 and those who did not. Significant differences emerged between the groups, with individuals who had contracted Covid-19 displaying a higher symptom burden, thereby establishing the discriminant validity of the measure. The scale also exhibits validity concerning other variables, such as stress perception, and demonstrates satisfactory internal consistency among its scores.

Conclusions

The EGS-R proves to be a valuable tool for assessing adults in Ecuador for potential indicators of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) given the robust evidence of validity and reliability, affirming its utility and evaluative capacity in this population.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the experience and impact of participating in psychoeducative group therapy based on an explanatory model for dissociative symptoms. We further explored the potential significance this may have for the participants healing process.

Methods

A total of 26 participants with Complex Dissociative Disorder (CDD) were interviewed 6 months after finishing a 20-week psychoeducative group therapy that included skills training. The research team analyzed the data with an interpretative interview-based qualitative research method.

Results

The analysis resulted in two main categories with 12 subcategories. The first main category was “Developing a more coherent self”, describing an initial change in the participants' self-experience from confused and fragmented to increased coherency. The second main category “Increased sense of agency” represented a new way of relating to and helping oneself. The results are presented in a model which points towards some possible connections between the categories.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the psychoeducative group therapy contributed to a movement towards increased self-awareness which permits a sense of coherence among various parts of the self and an increased sense of agency. The model resulting from this work identifies crucial elements of change that can be applied to improving treatment.

Background

Effects of Intergenerational transmission of a major trauma from one remains unclear. The present case-control study aims to clarifying the mechanisms of transmission among families of Holocaust Survivors (HS). We hypothesized that the high level of depressive and anxiety disorders (DAD) among HS impairs family system, which results in damaging resilience of their children (CHS) yielding a higher level of DAD

Methods

49 CHS and 28 control subjects complete the Resilience Scale for Adults, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale. We test a mediation model with Family types as the predictor; resilience as the mediator;and DAD as the outcome variable.

Results

Results confirm that CHS'family types are more often dysfunctional than in the control group. Moreover, growing in a dysfunctional family seems to impede development of resilience and, therefore, enhance the occurrence of DAD.

Limitations

The present investigation is correlational and should be confirmed by other prospective investigations. Moreover, our entire set of measures is based on self-report questionnaires.

Conclusions

We propose a mechanism of transmission of the noxious effects of a major trauma from one generation to the next. It appears that it is not the trauma per se that affects the levels of DAD but its effects on family dynamics, altering the development of resilience skills and the risk of DAD. We discuss both theoretical and clinical implications of our findings.

Introduction

Psychotraumatic syndrome is a complex psychological disorder combining anxiety symptoms and memory disturbances, organised around symptoms of reliving traumatic memories. It occurs after an individual is confronted with a stressful event, usually involving a threat to life. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychotraumatic disorders and to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of PTSD in the psychiatric department in a country faced with the issue of terrorism.

Methodology

This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study based on the files of DFS staff seen in the psychiatry department (N = 257) between 1st January 2010 and 1st January 2020. All DFS staff seen during the study period with a usable medical record were included in this survey. We did not include civilian patients, security guards or volunteers for the defence of the homeland in this study. Psychotraumatic disorders were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Results

The study population was made up of more military than paramilitary personnel (52.91 % versus 47.08 %). The mean age of the population was 34.89 ± 11.98 years, with a male predominance (93.39 %) and a sex ratio of 14.11. In this study, at least one traumatic event was identified by 71.98 % of respondents, with terrorist attacks (33.46 %) being the most common. The study found a gradual increase in the frequency of consultations and in the prevalence of PTSD among FSD officers. The prevalence of psychotraumatic disorders was 34.24 %, including 28.40 % PTSD and 5.84 % ASD. Psychotraumatic disorders were associated with variables such as age≤ 30 years, rural area of assignment, being a police officer, having a length of service < 5 years, suffering a mine explosion, witnessing a fatal incident involving a colleague, suffering a terrorist attack, being a victim or a witness.

Conclusion

psychotraumatic disorders are on the rise in occurrence with terrorist attacks since 2015 requiring special attention among defence and security forces personnel in Burkina Faso.

Recognizing trauma and its impacts is crucial for correct diagnosis and proper interventions and for researching mental health. However, there are ongoing concerns about the safety of asking about trauma in research and clinical settings. This study investigated the levels of distress related to trauma screening. We analyzed survey data from two samples of young adults (N = 781 Chinese speakers and N = 283 English speakers) in which most participants (82.2 % to 90.1 %) were exposed to childhood trauma. Most participants reported either no distress or only a minimal level of distress (60.7 % to 68 %) after answering standardized questions about childhood trauma; 3.5 % to 4 % reported a considerable or great level of distress. Childhood trauma (β = 0.276 to 0.368, p < .001) and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.228 to 0.255, p < .001) were associated with the levels of distress. The findings are consistent across two samples with different cultural and language backgrounds. Although most participants were comfortable with trauma screening, 53.7 % of participants in Sample 1 reported that it would be difficult for them if they needed to recount their traumatic experiences. We provide preliminary yet up-to-date data showing that screening for childhood trauma is rarely associated with considerable levels of immediate distress. Researchers and service providers can have confidence in screening for childhood trauma, although it is still essential to implement measures that minimize potential risks. We discuss the need for future studies and the importance of developing interventions that can serve as alternatives to trauma-focused therapies.

The phenomenon of domestic violence, also sometimes referred to more broadly as family violence, affects all spheres of society, all ages and all cultures. In recent years, there has been a major upsurge in acts of violence and associated consequences for both perpetrators and victims. Improving the quality of care through innovative clinical research should continue to be a priority; while the issue of trauma suffered by victims of domestic violence is well known, symptoms of trauma in perpetrators of violence has been less studied and merits further investigation. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether a typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) exists that includes the following characteristics: dissociative and traumatic symptoms, suicidal risk and attachment. Method: 38 male perpetrators of intimate partner violence who completed a court-ordered responsibility training course were recruited as study participants. Results: The results of typological analysis identified four sub-groups of perpetrators. Three specific characteristics emerged: the presence of dissociation with traumatic symptoms (profile 1), the presence of dissociation without traumatic symptoms (profile 2) and the absence of dissociative and traumatic symptoms (profiles 3 and 4). In addition, suicidal issues and attachment levels are presented and vary according to profiles. The clinical impact is discussed based on our findings.