Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100479
Sarah-Jane Butler , Christine Ramsey-Wade
Background
Several studies of the intensive delivery of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have indicated it to be an effective treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), providing improved client experience, faster reduction in symptoms, greater symptom reduction, and reduced dropout rates as compared to non-intensive EMDR. However, there is a dearth of studies that describe this non-traditional approach to the delivery of EMDR psychotherapy from the patients’ perspective.
Procedure
This qualitative study explores the experiences of patients who undertook intensive EMDR for post-traumatic stress. Interviews were conducted with 10 participants and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).
Main findings
The data revealed two Personal Experiential Themes (PET) and four experiential statements. ‘The importance of psychological safety’ generated sub-themes of ‘A protected space’ and ‘The importance of a continued connection’. ‘The changing self’ generated two sub-themes of a ‘Wow! moment’, and ‘Living the way I always wanted’.
Conclusion
Results show that intensive EMDR can be experienced as safe, facilitating agency and engagement while affecting meaningful change.
{"title":"How do clients experience intensive EMDR for post-traumatic stress? An interpretative phenomenological analysis","authors":"Sarah-Jane Butler , Christine Ramsey-Wade","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several studies of the intensive delivery of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have indicated it to be an effective treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), providing improved client experience, faster reduction in symptoms, greater symptom reduction, and reduced dropout rates as compared to non-intensive EMDR. However, there is a dearth of studies that describe this non-traditional approach to the delivery of EMDR psychotherapy from the patients’ perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Procedure</h3><div>This qualitative study explores the experiences of patients who undertook intensive EMDR for post-traumatic stress. Interviews were conducted with 10 participants and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).</div></div><div><h3>Main findings</h3><div>The data revealed two Personal Experiential Themes (PET) and four experiential statements. ‘The importance of psychological safety’ generated sub-themes of ‘A protected space’ and ‘The importance of a continued connection’. ‘The changing self’ generated two sub-themes of a ‘Wow! moment’, and ‘Living the way I always wanted’.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Results show that intensive EMDR can be experienced as safe, facilitating agency and engagement while affecting meaningful change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100480
Gunjan Y Trivedi , Neha Pandya , Parishi Thakore , Hemalatha Ramani , Riri G Trivedi , Soundappan Kathirvel
Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD), based on ICD-11 guidelines, is differentiated from PTSD by several unique characteristics. Prolonged or frequent exposure to an event or series of events of extremely threatening or horrific nature increases the risk for CPTSD in adults. For PTSD, Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories (RTM) has emerged as an effective intervention. There are limited studies on how to address CPTSD. Hence, RTM's effectiveness for CPTSD has not yet been established. In India, there are very few studies on PTSD (focusing mainly on natural disasters and violence), none on CPTSD and none on the effectiveness of RTM. Unfortunately, India, with >400 million young individuals and with high prevalence and limited identification of mental health issues, has a major gap in this area. This quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the RTM intervention for individuals with CPTSD at a wellness centre in India.
The participants (>18 years, n = 107) who reached out to a wellness center for help were assessed by two trained therapists (including a psychologist) based on the presenting problems for CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Additional assessments included Major Depression Inventory and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Based on the index-trauma framework, RTM intervention was delivered. Post-measurements were done (a) after one month or at least after five sessions and (b) after three months.
After one month (or five sessions), the CPTSD status changed to “none” (no diagnosis) for 80 and “PTSD” for 2 individuals. The results were sustained post-three months (n = 30). The paired t-test confirmed the overall reduction in CPTSD score after one month compared to baseline and even after three months compared to after one month, based on statistical significance (p < .01). The findings confirmed the effectiveness of RTM intervention for individuals with CPTSD. The study's limitations (quasi-experimental design, urban, English-speaking Indians) could be addressed in future work.
{"title":"The effectiveness of Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories for Complex PTSD – A pilot quasi-experimental study from a wellness centre in India","authors":"Gunjan Y Trivedi , Neha Pandya , Parishi Thakore , Hemalatha Ramani , Riri G Trivedi , Soundappan Kathirvel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD), based on ICD-11 guidelines, is differentiated from PTSD by several unique characteristics. Prolonged or frequent exposure to an event or series of events of extremely threatening or horrific nature increases the risk for CPTSD in adults. For PTSD, Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories (RTM) has emerged as an effective intervention. There are limited studies on how to address CPTSD. Hence, RTM's effectiveness for CPTSD has not yet been established. In India, there are very few studies on PTSD (focusing mainly on natural disasters and violence), none on CPTSD and none on the effectiveness of RTM. Unfortunately, India, with >400 million young individuals and with high prevalence and limited identification of mental health issues, has a major gap in this area. This quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the RTM intervention for individuals with CPTSD at a wellness centre in India.</div><div>The participants (>18 years, <em>n</em> = 107) who reached out to a wellness center for help were assessed by two trained therapists (including a psychologist) based on the presenting problems for CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Additional assessments included Major Depression Inventory and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Based on the index-trauma framework, RTM intervention was delivered. Post-measurements were done (a) after one month or at least after five sessions and (b) after three months.</div><div>After one month (or five sessions), the CPTSD status changed to “none” (no diagnosis) for 80 and “PTSD” for 2 individuals. The results were sustained post-three months (<em>n</em> = 30). The paired <em>t</em>-test confirmed the overall reduction in CPTSD score after one month compared to baseline and even after three months compared to after one month, based on statistical significance (<em>p</em> < .01). The findings confirmed the effectiveness of RTM intervention for individuals with CPTSD. The study's limitations (quasi-experimental design, urban, English-speaking Indians) could be addressed in future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100482
Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur , Véronique Héroin , Marion Fareng
Context
Several reports have shed light on the potentially traumatic filming conditions, and violence experienced by women featured in pornography (WP). However, there is a scarcity of research on the mental health of these women, as well as the perceived consequences of participation in Video-based Pornography (VbP).
Methods
Thirty-six women, recruited through collaboration with WP support groups, completed an online questionnaire covering socio-demographics, pre-VbP violence experiences, and perceived consequences of their participation in VbP. Additionally, participants completed the French versions of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13).
Results
The participants had a mean age of 31.2 years (SD = 7), and the median age at first participation in VbP was 21. A majority (77.8 %) reported a lifetime experience of sexual violence before featuring in VbP. All participants reported at least one negative effect of participating in VbP, with three in four women citing cyberbullying following VbP dissemination. Additionally, participants reported a range of physical consequences such as vaginal lesions and sexually transmitted diseases. Thirty women (83 %) had a PCL-5 score over 33, indicative of probable PTSD, and 28 women (78 %) had a DES-II score of 30 or more, indicating high levels of dissociative symptoms. Furthermore, 19 women (53 %) reported a BDI-13 score over 13, suggesting potential severe depression.
Conclusion
This study underscores psychosocial vulnerabilities and the presence of severe psychopathology among WP. It also documents their perceptions of negative consequences of participation in VbP, such as cyberbullying, physical injuries, and emotional distress. Further, large-scale studies are needed to substantiate these results and better understand the scale of the problem, as well as to optimize care interventions.
{"title":"Mental health and perceived consequences in a clinical sample of women featured in video-based pornography","authors":"Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur , Véronique Héroin , Marion Fareng","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Several reports have shed light on the potentially traumatic filming conditions, and violence experienced by women featured in pornography (WP). However, there is a scarcity of research on the mental health of these women, as well as the perceived consequences of participation in Video-based Pornography (VbP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six women, recruited through collaboration with WP support groups, completed an online questionnaire covering socio-demographics, pre-VbP violence experiences, and perceived consequences of their participation in VbP. Additionally, participants completed the French versions of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants had a mean age of 31.2 years (SD = 7), and the median age at first participation in VbP was 21. A majority (77.8 %) reported a lifetime experience of sexual violence before featuring in VbP. All participants reported at least one negative effect of participating in VbP, with three in four women citing cyberbullying following VbP dissemination. Additionally, participants reported a range of physical consequences such as vaginal lesions and sexually transmitted diseases. Thirty women (83 %) had a PCL-5 score over 33, indicative of probable PTSD, and 28 women (78 %) had a DES-II score of 30 or more, indicating high levels of dissociative symptoms. Furthermore, 19 women (53 %) reported a BDI-13 score over 13, suggesting potential severe depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores psychosocial vulnerabilities and the presence of severe psychopathology among WP. It also documents their perceptions of negative consequences of participation in VbP, such as cyberbullying, physical injuries, and emotional distress. Further, large-scale studies are needed to substantiate these results and better understand the scale of the problem, as well as to optimize care interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477
Jean-Michel DARVES-BORNOZ MD, PhD
Resilience is implicitly thought as a capacity that some have, but that no one has done much to obtain, so that the notion of resistance to narcissistic and traumatic wounds, remains necessary. Resistance evokes an unconscious obstruction in metapsychology, or martial in history. The meaning in our case is different: resisting trauma is an emotional and intellectual effort to move beyond a stupefying awareness. This includes that: perception is not neutral; existence fragments the psyche; both intergenerational and adversity determine distinct self-states. The article presents five theses upon which existential analysis can rely. The latter re-founds existences where usual therapies renounces to do so: persistent traumatic states. Symptoms may disappear in course of analysis, including excessive dissociative archaic defences, physical or mental, although it aims elsewhere. Existential analysis seeks to reveal to subjects that they are abdicating their freedom if they consider received ideas about the world as free choices.
{"title":"Résistance et trauma: introduire l'existence","authors":"Jean-Michel DARVES-BORNOZ MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilience is implicitly thought as a capacity that some have, but that no one has done much to obtain, so that the notion of resistance to narcissistic and traumatic wounds, remains necessary. Resistance evokes an unconscious obstruction in metapsychology, or martial in history. The meaning in our case is different: resisting trauma is an emotional and intellectual effort to move beyond a stupefying awareness. This includes that: perception is not neutral; existence fragments the psyche; both intergenerational and adversity determine distinct self-states. The article presents five theses upon which existential analysis can rely. The latter re-founds existences where usual therapies renounces to do so: <em>persistent traumatic states</em>. Symptoms may disappear in course of analysis, including excessive dissociative archaic defences, physical or mental, although it aims elsewhere. Existential analysis seeks to reveal to subjects that they are abdicating their freedom if they consider received ideas about the world as free choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476
Giuseppe Scimeca, Marianna Ardito, Rosario D'Avenia
Different studies have provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems as a function of racial and ethnic diversity. The aim of the present study was thus to study the association between ACEs and dissociation in a sample of Southern Italian public psychology service (PPS) users. A sample of 183 adults who requested psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was recruited. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q). Dissociative symptoms were assessed via the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Dissociative syndromes were assessed via two scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III): the Somatoform Syndrome (H) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome (R) scales. The most common types of ACEs in our sample were emotional neglect and emotional abuse. The number of ACEs showed a significant association with all the different measures of dissociation administered. Logistic regression analysis for the DES-II resulted in a solution made up of sexual abuse and parental separation or divorce. The regression analysis for the SDQ-20 resulted in a solution made up of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and parental separation or divorce. Sexual abuse positively predicted PTSD scale scores, while no solution was found for somatoform disorder. ACEs and dissociation were strongly associated in this study, but the nature of this association depended on the aspect of dissociation under investigation, particularly when we considered the distinction between dissociative symptoms versus syndromes. Cultural characteristics and clinical implications for public services are discussed.
{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and dissociation among Italian public psychology service users","authors":"Giuseppe Scimeca, Marianna Ardito, Rosario D'Avenia","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different studies have provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems as a function of racial and ethnic diversity. The aim of the present study was thus to study the association between ACEs and dissociation in a sample of Southern Italian public psychology service (PPS) users. A sample of 183 adults who requested psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was recruited. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q). Dissociative symptoms were assessed via the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Dissociative syndromes were assessed via two scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III): the Somatoform Syndrome (H) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome (R) scales. The most common types of ACEs in our sample were emotional neglect and emotional abuse. The number of ACEs showed a significant association with all the different measures of dissociation administered. Logistic regression analysis for the DES-II resulted in a solution made up of sexual abuse and parental separation or divorce. The regression analysis for the SDQ-20 resulted in a solution made up of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and parental separation or divorce. Sexual abuse positively predicted PTSD scale scores, while no solution was found for somatoform disorder. ACEs and dissociation were strongly associated in this study, but the nature of this association depended on the aspect of dissociation under investigation, particularly when we considered the distinction between dissociative symptoms versus syndromes. Cultural characteristics and clinical implications for public services are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478
Jin Chien Gan, Shubashini Mathialagan, Amos En Zhe Lian
The demanding parenting style is a dysfunctional parenting behaviour which involves strict rules, overprotectiveness, high standards, and little affection or emotional support. It is commonly found in the Asian community. Extensive studies have suggested that this parenting style would contribute to various severe impacts, which include the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Interestingly, EMS has been found to represent itself in dreams through themes and symbols. With this, the current study employed qualitative interviews to analyse the relationship between EMS and dreams in eight Malaysian young adults who experienced demanding parenting styles. The current study found that a demanding parenting style is associated with six EMS, which are (1) abuse/mistrust, (2) failure, (3) pessimism/negativity, (4) unrelenting standard/hypercriticalness, (5) approval seeking/recognition seeking, and (6) social isolation/alienation. These EMS manifested themselves in dreams. Based on these findings, the use of EMS in dream analysis has the potential to be an effective mediator to understand and explore the individuals’ past history.
{"title":"Exploring the interplay between dreams, Early Maladaptive Schemas and demanding parenting style in Malaysia: A qualitative study","authors":"Jin Chien Gan, Shubashini Mathialagan, Amos En Zhe Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demanding parenting style is a dysfunctional parenting behaviour which involves strict rules, overprotectiveness, high standards, and little affection or emotional support. It is commonly found in the Asian community. Extensive studies have suggested that this parenting style would contribute to various severe impacts, which include the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Interestingly, EMS has been found to represent itself in dreams through themes and symbols. With this, the current study employed qualitative interviews to analyse the relationship between EMS and dreams in eight Malaysian young adults who experienced demanding parenting styles. The current study found that a demanding parenting style is associated with six EMS, which are (1) abuse/mistrust, (2) failure, (3) pessimism/negativity, (4) unrelenting standard/hypercriticalness, (5) approval seeking/recognition seeking, and (6) social isolation/alienation. These EMS manifested themselves in dreams. Based on these findings, the use of EMS in dream analysis has the potential to be an effective mediator to understand and explore the individuals’ past history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475
Marianne Went , Arianne Struik , Eline Möller , Bonne J.H. Zijlstra , Anja Dumoulin , Gerinda van Haaften , Roos Rodenburg
This article describes the Parent-Child EMDR protocol for children (0–4 years) and provides a summary of treatment data of an explorative pilot study with 18 children aged 0–4 years, illustrated with a case study. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol follows the EMDR standard protocol with adaptations only where imperative due to the age of the child and integrating research in the field of infant mental health, attachment, memory, and EMDR and its working mechanisms. As such, it provides an alternative to Storytelling (Lovett, 1999, 2015), which uses a preconstructed narrative predominantly focusing on resourcing and cognitive information. The brief customized treatment consists of a combination of the following components: preparation, EMDR with child and parents, EMDR for the parent, if necessary, parent-child interaction sessions, and parental guidance sessions. Focus lays on the child and parents’ internal associative processes after maximum activation of the child and parent's traumatic material, to allow the child's and parent's inherent capacity to integrate, through associations and by using the adaptive information experienced in their interaction during the session. Through this process, the parent-child interaction and attachment relationships improve, as well as the parent's mentalizing ability and confidence.
In an explorative pilot study, treatment data of 18 children between 0 and 4 years were gathered to obtain insight into the Parent-Child EMDR protocol and its effect on PTSD symptoms. Therapists scored PTSD symptom clusters of the DC 0–5 criteria. All children lost their PTSD diagnosis after treatment. A case example illustrates the use of this protocol in more detail. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol is a promising short and customized treatment to help child and parents overcome their trauma symptoms, resume normal development, and build healthy attachment relationships.
{"title":"Parent-Child EMDR therapy for children aged 0–4 years: Protocol, pilot-data, and case study","authors":"Marianne Went , Arianne Struik , Eline Möller , Bonne J.H. Zijlstra , Anja Dumoulin , Gerinda van Haaften , Roos Rodenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes the Parent-Child EMDR protocol for children (0–4 years) and provides a summary of treatment data of an explorative pilot study with 18 children aged 0–4 years, illustrated with a case study. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol follows the EMDR standard protocol with adaptations only where imperative due to the age of the child and integrating research in the field of infant mental health, attachment, memory, and EMDR and its working mechanisms. As such, it provides an alternative to Storytelling (Lovett, 1999, 2015), which uses a preconstructed narrative predominantly focusing on resourcing and cognitive information. The brief customized treatment consists of a combination of the following components: preparation, EMDR with child and parents, EMDR for the parent, if necessary, parent-child interaction sessions, and parental guidance sessions. Focus lays on the child and parents’ internal associative processes after maximum activation of the child and parent's traumatic material, to allow the child's and parent's inherent capacity to integrate, through associations and by using the adaptive information experienced in their interaction during the session. Through this process, the parent-child interaction and attachment relationships improve, as well as the parent's mentalizing ability and confidence.</div><div>In an explorative pilot study, treatment data of 18 children between 0 and 4 years were gathered to obtain insight into the Parent-Child EMDR protocol and its effect on PTSD symptoms. Therapists scored PTSD symptom clusters of the DC 0–5 criteria. All children lost their PTSD diagnosis after treatment. A case example illustrates the use of this protocol in more detail. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol is a promising short and customized treatment to help child and parents overcome their trauma symptoms, resume normal development, and build healthy attachment relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472
Olivier Didier , Miguel M. Terradas , Rosalie Guillemette , Ana Carolina Rengel
Introduction
Abused children, especially those in residential care, show more externalized behaviors than children from the general population. These externalized behaviors may be a developmental consequence of different forms of abuse perpetrated by the parent, whose role is to support the child. Child maltreatment can also result in emerging borderline personality features (EBPT) related to socio-cognitive, emotional, relational, behavioral, and identity deficits.
Objective
The main objective of this research is to explore the links between the child's representations of maternal support and the presence of EBPF and externalized behaviors.
Method
Thirty-three foster care children and 40 children from the general population (7 to 12 years old) participated in the study. A semi-structured play activity measuring the child's representations of maternal support and a questionnaire assessing EBPF were administered to the children. The adult responsible for the child completed a questionnaire evaluating externalized behaviors.
Results
Mean comparisons confirm an increased presence of externalized behaviors and EBPF among the children in residential care. Representations of the mother as being unsupportive are associated with more EBPF. The increased presence of EBPF is linked to more externalized behaviors. Regression analysis attests to the mediating role of EBPF in the relationship between children's representations of maternal support and externalized behaviors.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the role of the mother-child relationship in personality development. An altered mother-child relationship appears to lead to deficits, particularly in the child's ability to manage situations that arouse aggression.
{"title":"Représentations d'attachement, traits de personnalité limite en émergence et comportements extériorisés d'enfants maltraités et issus de la population générale","authors":"Olivier Didier , Miguel M. Terradas , Rosalie Guillemette , Ana Carolina Rengel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Abused children, especially those in residential care, show more externalized behaviors than children from the general population. These externalized behaviors may be a developmental consequence of different forms of abuse perpetrated by the parent, whose role is to support the child. Child maltreatment can also result in emerging borderline personality features (EBPT) related to socio-cognitive, emotional, relational, behavioral, and identity deficits.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective of this research is to explore the links between the child's representations of maternal support and the presence of EBPF and externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty-three foster care children and 40 children from the general population (7 to 12 years old) participated in the study. A semi-structured play activity measuring the child's representations of maternal support and a questionnaire assessing EBPF were administered to the children. The adult responsible for the child completed a questionnaire evaluating externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean comparisons confirm an increased presence of externalized behaviors and EBPF among the children in residential care. Representations of the mother as being unsupportive are associated with more EBPF. The increased presence of EBPF is linked to more externalized behaviors. Regression analysis attests to the mediating role of EBPF in the relationship between children's representations of maternal support and externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the role of the mother-child relationship in personality development. An altered mother-child relationship appears to lead to deficits, particularly in the child's ability to manage situations that arouse aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limb amputation represents an ultimate therapeutic option in certain severe or progressive pathologies. We conducted this study to describe anxio- depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees, as well as factors associated with their occurrence.
Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional and prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a two-year period from October 2020 to October 2022, at the following departments of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda: Traumatological and Orthopedic Surgery departements A and B, and Peripheral Vascular Surgery departement, involving 122 patients.
Results
The average age of our patients was 46.42 ± 14.76 years, with a predominance of males (male-to-female ratio of 2.21). Preoperative assessment of patients occurred 6 to 24 h before amputation. Immediate postoperative evaluation took place on average 2.18 ± 1.53 days after surgery, ranging from 1 to 8 postoperative days. The prevalence of anxio-depressive disorders according to the MINI scale was 77 %, comprising Depression (9 %), Adjustment Disorder (36.9 %), Acute Stress Disorder (20.5 %), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (6.6 %), and Anxiety Disorders (10.7 %), with suicide attempts reported in 16.4 % of cases. The mean score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for our patients was 10.81 ± 3.27, on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was 16.33 ± 5.54, and on the Ducher Suicide Risk Scale was 0.82 ± 1.33.
Conclusion
The occurrence of postoperative anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidal behavior is associated with the following factors: male sex, personal history of depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, quality of diagnostic disclosure, postoperative sleep disturbances, postoperative panic attacks, psychological support, and socio-professional reintegration.
{"title":"Anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees: A cross-sectional and prospective study","authors":"Jihane Moussaoui , Achraf Tebbaa El Hassali , Manal Gharibi , Omar Agoumi , Adnane Benzirar , Abdeljaouad Najib , Mohammed Barrimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Limb amputation represents an ultimate therapeutic option in certain severe or progressive pathologies. We conducted this study to describe anxio- depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees, as well as factors associated with their occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional and prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a two-year period from October 2020 to October 2022, at the following departments of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda: Traumatological and Orthopedic Surgery departements A and B, and Peripheral Vascular Surgery departement, involving 122 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age of our patients was 46.42 ± 14.76 years, with a predominance of males (male-to-female ratio of 2.21). Preoperative assessment of patients occurred 6 to 24 h before amputation. Immediate postoperative evaluation took place on average 2.18 ± 1.53 days after surgery, ranging from 1 to 8 postoperative days. The prevalence of anxio-depressive disorders according to the MINI scale was 77 %, comprising Depression (9 %), Adjustment Disorder (36.9 %), Acute Stress Disorder (20.5 %), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (6.6 %), and Anxiety Disorders (10.7 %), with suicide attempts reported in 16.4 % of cases. The mean score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for our patients was 10.81 ± 3.27, on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was 16.33 ± 5.54, and on the Ducher Suicide Risk Scale was 0.82 ± 1.33.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The occurrence of postoperative anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidal behavior is associated with the following factors: male sex, personal history of depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, quality of diagnostic disclosure, postoperative sleep disturbances, postoperative panic attacks, psychological support, and socio-professional reintegration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical approach in a posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Sami Richa , Lyna Chami , Nathalie Richa , Wissam El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>We will discuss autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice regarding trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A review of some papers regarding this subject and our experience nourished from our clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respect of these ethical issues is important in order to improve to promote healing and resilience of subjects suffering from PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ethical issues are important in all psychiatric and psychological issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}