Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477
Jean-Michel DARVES-BORNOZ MD, PhD
Resilience is implicitly thought as a capacity that some have, but that no one has done much to obtain, so that the notion of resistance to narcissistic and traumatic wounds, remains necessary. Resistance evokes an unconscious obstruction in metapsychology, or martial in history. The meaning in our case is different: resisting trauma is an emotional and intellectual effort to move beyond a stupefying awareness. This includes that: perception is not neutral; existence fragments the psyche; both intergenerational and adversity determine distinct self-states. The article presents five theses upon which existential analysis can rely. The latter re-founds existences where usual therapies renounces to do so: persistent traumatic states. Symptoms may disappear in course of analysis, including excessive dissociative archaic defences, physical or mental, although it aims elsewhere. Existential analysis seeks to reveal to subjects that they are abdicating their freedom if they consider received ideas about the world as free choices.
{"title":"Résistance et trauma: introduire l'existence","authors":"Jean-Michel DARVES-BORNOZ MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilience is implicitly thought as a capacity that some have, but that no one has done much to obtain, so that the notion of resistance to narcissistic and traumatic wounds, remains necessary. Resistance evokes an unconscious obstruction in metapsychology, or martial in history. The meaning in our case is different: resisting trauma is an emotional and intellectual effort to move beyond a stupefying awareness. This includes that: perception is not neutral; existence fragments the psyche; both intergenerational and adversity determine distinct self-states. The article presents five theses upon which existential analysis can rely. The latter re-founds existences where usual therapies renounces to do so: <em>persistent traumatic states</em>. Symptoms may disappear in course of analysis, including excessive dissociative archaic defences, physical or mental, although it aims elsewhere. Existential analysis seeks to reveal to subjects that they are abdicating their freedom if they consider received ideas about the world as free choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476
Giuseppe Scimeca, Marianna Ardito, Rosario D'Avenia
Different studies have provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems as a function of racial and ethnic diversity. The aim of the present study was thus to study the association between ACEs and dissociation in a sample of Southern Italian public psychology service (PPS) users. A sample of 183 adults who requested psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was recruited. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q). Dissociative symptoms were assessed via the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Dissociative syndromes were assessed via two scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III): the Somatoform Syndrome (H) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome (R) scales. The most common types of ACEs in our sample were emotional neglect and emotional abuse. The number of ACEs showed a significant association with all the different measures of dissociation administered. Logistic regression analysis for the DES-II resulted in a solution made up of sexual abuse and parental separation or divorce. The regression analysis for the SDQ-20 resulted in a solution made up of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and parental separation or divorce. Sexual abuse positively predicted PTSD scale scores, while no solution was found for somatoform disorder. ACEs and dissociation were strongly associated in this study, but the nature of this association depended on the aspect of dissociation under investigation, particularly when we considered the distinction between dissociative symptoms versus syndromes. Cultural characteristics and clinical implications for public services are discussed.
{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and dissociation among Italian public psychology service users","authors":"Giuseppe Scimeca, Marianna Ardito, Rosario D'Avenia","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different studies have provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems as a function of racial and ethnic diversity. The aim of the present study was thus to study the association between ACEs and dissociation in a sample of Southern Italian public psychology service (PPS) users. A sample of 183 adults who requested psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was recruited. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q). Dissociative symptoms were assessed via the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Dissociative syndromes were assessed via two scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III): the Somatoform Syndrome (H) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome (R) scales. The most common types of ACEs in our sample were emotional neglect and emotional abuse. The number of ACEs showed a significant association with all the different measures of dissociation administered. Logistic regression analysis for the DES-II resulted in a solution made up of sexual abuse and parental separation or divorce. The regression analysis for the SDQ-20 resulted in a solution made up of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and parental separation or divorce. Sexual abuse positively predicted PTSD scale scores, while no solution was found for somatoform disorder. ACEs and dissociation were strongly associated in this study, but the nature of this association depended on the aspect of dissociation under investigation, particularly when we considered the distinction between dissociative symptoms versus syndromes. Cultural characteristics and clinical implications for public services are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478
Jin Chien Gan, Shubashini Mathialagan, Amos En Zhe Lian
The demanding parenting style is a dysfunctional parenting behaviour which involves strict rules, overprotectiveness, high standards, and little affection or emotional support. It is commonly found in the Asian community. Extensive studies have suggested that this parenting style would contribute to various severe impacts, which include the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Interestingly, EMS has been found to represent itself in dreams through themes and symbols. With this, the current study employed qualitative interviews to analyse the relationship between EMS and dreams in eight Malaysian young adults who experienced demanding parenting styles. The current study found that a demanding parenting style is associated with six EMS, which are (1) abuse/mistrust, (2) failure, (3) pessimism/negativity, (4) unrelenting standard/hypercriticalness, (5) approval seeking/recognition seeking, and (6) social isolation/alienation. These EMS manifested themselves in dreams. Based on these findings, the use of EMS in dream analysis has the potential to be an effective mediator to understand and explore the individuals’ past history.
{"title":"Exploring the interplay between dreams, Early Maladaptive Schemas and demanding parenting style in Malaysia: A qualitative study","authors":"Jin Chien Gan, Shubashini Mathialagan, Amos En Zhe Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demanding parenting style is a dysfunctional parenting behaviour which involves strict rules, overprotectiveness, high standards, and little affection or emotional support. It is commonly found in the Asian community. Extensive studies have suggested that this parenting style would contribute to various severe impacts, which include the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Interestingly, EMS has been found to represent itself in dreams through themes and symbols. With this, the current study employed qualitative interviews to analyse the relationship between EMS and dreams in eight Malaysian young adults who experienced demanding parenting styles. The current study found that a demanding parenting style is associated with six EMS, which are (1) abuse/mistrust, (2) failure, (3) pessimism/negativity, (4) unrelenting standard/hypercriticalness, (5) approval seeking/recognition seeking, and (6) social isolation/alienation. These EMS manifested themselves in dreams. Based on these findings, the use of EMS in dream analysis has the potential to be an effective mediator to understand and explore the individuals’ past history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475
Marianne Went , Arianne Struik , Eline Möller , Bonne J.H. Zijlstra , Anja Dumoulin , Gerinda van Haaften , Roos Rodenburg
This article describes the Parent-Child EMDR protocol for children (0–4 years) and provides a summary of treatment data of an explorative pilot study with 18 children aged 0–4 years, illustrated with a case study. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol follows the EMDR standard protocol with adaptations only where imperative due to the age of the child and integrating research in the field of infant mental health, attachment, memory, and EMDR and its working mechanisms. As such, it provides an alternative to Storytelling (Lovett, 1999, 2015), which uses a preconstructed narrative predominantly focusing on resourcing and cognitive information. The brief customized treatment consists of a combination of the following components: preparation, EMDR with child and parents, EMDR for the parent, if necessary, parent-child interaction sessions, and parental guidance sessions. Focus lays on the child and parents’ internal associative processes after maximum activation of the child and parent's traumatic material, to allow the child's and parent's inherent capacity to integrate, through associations and by using the adaptive information experienced in their interaction during the session. Through this process, the parent-child interaction and attachment relationships improve, as well as the parent's mentalizing ability and confidence.
In an explorative pilot study, treatment data of 18 children between 0 and 4 years were gathered to obtain insight into the Parent-Child EMDR protocol and its effect on PTSD symptoms. Therapists scored PTSD symptom clusters of the DC 0–5 criteria. All children lost their PTSD diagnosis after treatment. A case example illustrates the use of this protocol in more detail. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol is a promising short and customized treatment to help child and parents overcome their trauma symptoms, resume normal development, and build healthy attachment relationships.
{"title":"Parent-Child EMDR therapy for children aged 0–4 years: Protocol, pilot-data, and case study","authors":"Marianne Went , Arianne Struik , Eline Möller , Bonne J.H. Zijlstra , Anja Dumoulin , Gerinda van Haaften , Roos Rodenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes the Parent-Child EMDR protocol for children (0–4 years) and provides a summary of treatment data of an explorative pilot study with 18 children aged 0–4 years, illustrated with a case study. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol follows the EMDR standard protocol with adaptations only where imperative due to the age of the child and integrating research in the field of infant mental health, attachment, memory, and EMDR and its working mechanisms. As such, it provides an alternative to Storytelling (Lovett, 1999, 2015), which uses a preconstructed narrative predominantly focusing on resourcing and cognitive information. The brief customized treatment consists of a combination of the following components: preparation, EMDR with child and parents, EMDR for the parent, if necessary, parent-child interaction sessions, and parental guidance sessions. Focus lays on the child and parents’ internal associative processes after maximum activation of the child and parent's traumatic material, to allow the child's and parent's inherent capacity to integrate, through associations and by using the adaptive information experienced in their interaction during the session. Through this process, the parent-child interaction and attachment relationships improve, as well as the parent's mentalizing ability and confidence.</div><div>In an explorative pilot study, treatment data of 18 children between 0 and 4 years were gathered to obtain insight into the Parent-Child EMDR protocol and its effect on PTSD symptoms. Therapists scored PTSD symptom clusters of the DC 0–5 criteria. All children lost their PTSD diagnosis after treatment. A case example illustrates the use of this protocol in more detail. The Parent-Child EMDR protocol is a promising short and customized treatment to help child and parents overcome their trauma symptoms, resume normal development, and build healthy attachment relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472
Olivier Didier , Miguel M. Terradas , Rosalie Guillemette , Ana Carolina Rengel
Introduction
Abused children, especially those in residential care, show more externalized behaviors than children from the general population. These externalized behaviors may be a developmental consequence of different forms of abuse perpetrated by the parent, whose role is to support the child. Child maltreatment can also result in emerging borderline personality features (EBPT) related to socio-cognitive, emotional, relational, behavioral, and identity deficits.
Objective
The main objective of this research is to explore the links between the child's representations of maternal support and the presence of EBPF and externalized behaviors.
Method
Thirty-three foster care children and 40 children from the general population (7 to 12 years old) participated in the study. A semi-structured play activity measuring the child's representations of maternal support and a questionnaire assessing EBPF were administered to the children. The adult responsible for the child completed a questionnaire evaluating externalized behaviors.
Results
Mean comparisons confirm an increased presence of externalized behaviors and EBPF among the children in residential care. Representations of the mother as being unsupportive are associated with more EBPF. The increased presence of EBPF is linked to more externalized behaviors. Regression analysis attests to the mediating role of EBPF in the relationship between children's representations of maternal support and externalized behaviors.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the role of the mother-child relationship in personality development. An altered mother-child relationship appears to lead to deficits, particularly in the child's ability to manage situations that arouse aggression.
{"title":"Représentations d'attachement, traits de personnalité limite en émergence et comportements extériorisés d'enfants maltraités et issus de la population générale","authors":"Olivier Didier , Miguel M. Terradas , Rosalie Guillemette , Ana Carolina Rengel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Abused children, especially those in residential care, show more externalized behaviors than children from the general population. These externalized behaviors may be a developmental consequence of different forms of abuse perpetrated by the parent, whose role is to support the child. Child maltreatment can also result in emerging borderline personality features (EBPT) related to socio-cognitive, emotional, relational, behavioral, and identity deficits.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective of this research is to explore the links between the child's representations of maternal support and the presence of EBPF and externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty-three foster care children and 40 children from the general population (7 to 12 years old) participated in the study. A semi-structured play activity measuring the child's representations of maternal support and a questionnaire assessing EBPF were administered to the children. The adult responsible for the child completed a questionnaire evaluating externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean comparisons confirm an increased presence of externalized behaviors and EBPF among the children in residential care. Representations of the mother as being unsupportive are associated with more EBPF. The increased presence of EBPF is linked to more externalized behaviors. Regression analysis attests to the mediating role of EBPF in the relationship between children's representations of maternal support and externalized behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the role of the mother-child relationship in personality development. An altered mother-child relationship appears to lead to deficits, particularly in the child's ability to manage situations that arouse aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limb amputation represents an ultimate therapeutic option in certain severe or progressive pathologies. We conducted this study to describe anxio- depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees, as well as factors associated with their occurrence.
Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional and prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a two-year period from October 2020 to October 2022, at the following departments of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda: Traumatological and Orthopedic Surgery departements A and B, and Peripheral Vascular Surgery departement, involving 122 patients.
Results
The average age of our patients was 46.42 ± 14.76 years, with a predominance of males (male-to-female ratio of 2.21). Preoperative assessment of patients occurred 6 to 24 h before amputation. Immediate postoperative evaluation took place on average 2.18 ± 1.53 days after surgery, ranging from 1 to 8 postoperative days. The prevalence of anxio-depressive disorders according to the MINI scale was 77 %, comprising Depression (9 %), Adjustment Disorder (36.9 %), Acute Stress Disorder (20.5 %), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (6.6 %), and Anxiety Disorders (10.7 %), with suicide attempts reported in 16.4 % of cases. The mean score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for our patients was 10.81 ± 3.27, on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was 16.33 ± 5.54, and on the Ducher Suicide Risk Scale was 0.82 ± 1.33.
Conclusion
The occurrence of postoperative anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidal behavior is associated with the following factors: male sex, personal history of depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, quality of diagnostic disclosure, postoperative sleep disturbances, postoperative panic attacks, psychological support, and socio-professional reintegration.
{"title":"Anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees: A cross-sectional and prospective study","authors":"Jihane Moussaoui , Achraf Tebbaa El Hassali , Manal Gharibi , Omar Agoumi , Adnane Benzirar , Abdeljaouad Najib , Mohammed Barrimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Limb amputation represents an ultimate therapeutic option in certain severe or progressive pathologies. We conducted this study to describe anxio- depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidality among limb amputees, as well as factors associated with their occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional and prospective descriptive and analytical study conducted over a two-year period from October 2020 to October 2022, at the following departments of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda: Traumatological and Orthopedic Surgery departements A and B, and Peripheral Vascular Surgery departement, involving 122 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age of our patients was 46.42 ± 14.76 years, with a predominance of males (male-to-female ratio of 2.21). Preoperative assessment of patients occurred 6 to 24 h before amputation. Immediate postoperative evaluation took place on average 2.18 ± 1.53 days after surgery, ranging from 1 to 8 postoperative days. The prevalence of anxio-depressive disorders according to the MINI scale was 77 %, comprising Depression (9 %), Adjustment Disorder (36.9 %), Acute Stress Disorder (20.5 %), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (6.6 %), and Anxiety Disorders (10.7 %), with suicide attempts reported in 16.4 % of cases. The mean score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for our patients was 10.81 ± 3.27, on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was 16.33 ± 5.54, and on the Ducher Suicide Risk Scale was 0.82 ± 1.33.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The occurrence of postoperative anxio-depressive disorders, traumatic symptoms, and suicidal behavior is associated with the following factors: male sex, personal history of depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, quality of diagnostic disclosure, postoperative sleep disturbances, postoperative panic attacks, psychological support, and socio-professional reintegration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical approach in a posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Sami Richa , Lyna Chami , Nathalie Richa , Wissam El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>We will discuss autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice regarding trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A review of some papers regarding this subject and our experience nourished from our clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respect of these ethical issues is important in order to improve to promote healing and resilience of subjects suffering from PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ethical issues are important in all psychiatric and psychological issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100474
Chak Hei Ocean Huang , Hong Wang Fung , Tsz Ying Nathalie Tsui , Guangzhe Frank Yuan , Caimeng Liu , Chu Wing Lai , Janet Yuen-Ha Wong
Although childhood trauma has been identified as one of the major risk factors for depression, the potential mechanisms behind this relationship remain less clear. As sleep disturbances are associated with both childhood trauma and depression, this study examined the moderating effects of sleep hours on this relationship. The sample consisted of young adults from an international longitudinal survey project (N = 146). Participants completed validated screening measures of childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and reported their sleep hours at baseline (T1), and then reported their depressive symptoms again at follow-up (T2) after 3 months. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were used to analyze the data. T1 childhood trauma was positively correlated to depressive symptoms at both T1 (r = 0.26, p < .01) and T2 (r = 0.21, p < .05). After controlling for demographic variables and T1 depressive symptoms, T1 sleep hours significantly predicted T2 depressive symptoms (β = 0.136, p = .038). Furthermore, the number of sleep hours moderated the effects of T1 childhood trauma on T2 depressive symptoms. T1 childhood trauma predicted T2 depressive symptoms only when sleep hours were low (B = 0.2056, p = .0075). This study provided evidence that childhood trauma was significantly associated with aggravated depressive symptoms under sleep deprivation. Proactive management of sleep problems might be beneficial to people with childhood trauma. Future studies are needed to evaluate sleep-focused interventions for childhood trauma survivors.
{"title":"The moderating role of sleep hours in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation","authors":"Chak Hei Ocean Huang , Hong Wang Fung , Tsz Ying Nathalie Tsui , Guangzhe Frank Yuan , Caimeng Liu , Chu Wing Lai , Janet Yuen-Ha Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although childhood trauma has been identified as one of the major risk factors for depression, the potential mechanisms behind this relationship remain less clear. As sleep disturbances are associated with both childhood trauma and depression, this study examined the moderating effects of sleep hours on this relationship. The sample consisted of young adults from an international longitudinal survey project (<em>N</em> = 146). Participants completed validated screening measures of childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and reported their sleep hours at baseline (T1), and then reported their depressive symptoms again at follow-up (T2) after 3 months. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were used to analyze the data. T1 childhood trauma was positively correlated to depressive symptoms at both T1 (<em>r</em> = 0.26, <em>p</em> < .01) and T2 (<em>r</em> = 0.21, <em>p</em> < .05). After controlling for demographic variables and T1 depressive symptoms, T1 sleep hours significantly predicted T2 depressive symptoms (<em>β</em> = 0.136, <em>p</em> = .038). Furthermore, the number of sleep hours moderated the effects of T1 childhood trauma on T2 depressive symptoms. T1 childhood trauma predicted T2 depressive symptoms only when sleep hours were low (<em>B</em> = 0.2056, <em>p</em> = .0075). This study provided evidence that childhood trauma was significantly associated with aggravated depressive symptoms under sleep deprivation. Proactive management of sleep problems might be beneficial to people with childhood trauma. Future studies are needed to evaluate sleep-focused interventions for childhood trauma survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100469
A Vancappel , J Graux , W El-Hage
Introduction
Dissociation is a challenging syndrome present in multiple psychiatric disorders for which no gold standard treatment exists. Recently, some authors have developed a Cognitive Behavioral Model of dissociation, offering new insights for psychotherapy. However, this model has primarily been assessed in patients suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relevance of this conceptualization in patients suffering from schizophrenia.
Method
We recruited 20 patients (15 men) suffering from schizophrenia. After providing consent, they completed self-reported questionnaires assessing dissociation, PTSD, beliefs about emotion, beliefs about dissociation, mindfulness abilities, and emotion regulation. Then, they responded to three open-ended questions exploring the triggers of dissociation and strategies used to counteract it.
Results
We found a low prevalence of the different cognitive-behavioral mechanisms related to dissociation in our sample. However, we found significant relationships between these mechanisms and dissociative symptoms. This relationship was also identified in the qualitative analysis.
Conclusion
The present results offer primary data supporting the relevance of the cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of dissociation in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Further studies should be conducted with larger samples and include additional variables to enhance the understanding of dissociation in this population.
{"title":"Exploring cognitive behavioral mechanisms related to dissociation among patients suffering from schizophrenia: A pilot study","authors":"A Vancappel , J Graux , W El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dissociation is a challenging syndrome present in multiple psychiatric disorders for which no gold standard treatment exists. Recently, some authors have developed a Cognitive Behavioral Model of dissociation, offering new insights for psychotherapy. However, this model has primarily been assessed in patients suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relevance of this conceptualization in patients suffering from schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We recruited 20 patients (15 men) suffering from schizophrenia. After providing consent, they completed self-reported questionnaires assessing dissociation, PTSD, beliefs about emotion, beliefs about dissociation, mindfulness abilities, and emotion regulation. Then, they responded to three open-ended questions exploring the triggers of dissociation and strategies used to counteract it.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a low prevalence of the different cognitive-behavioral mechanisms related to dissociation in our sample. However, we found significant relationships between these mechanisms and dissociative symptoms. This relationship was also identified in the qualitative analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present results offer primary data supporting the relevance of the cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of dissociation in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Further studies should be conducted with larger samples and include additional variables to enhance the understanding of dissociation in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100470
Eric Binet
Munchausen Syndrome (MS), otherwise known as factitious disorder may have evolved with the development of social media and virtual communities, and in these cases is called Munchausen by Internet (MbI). There has been a significant increase in reports of people, mostly young adults, presenting their own self-diagnosis and claiming on the Internet (or in consultation) to suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), which is a disorder that is particularly difficult to diagnose. These people, identified as false positives or factitious DID sufferers, are used to interacting in online communities about DID, with influencers on social media claiming to have DID themselves. This article draws on existing work on MS and DID to investigate how this phenomenon is evolving over time, and to consider whether it could be a new form of Internet MS, or simply people misrepresenting their psychological state.
Le syndrome de Munchausen (SM), autrement appelé trouble factice, est une pathologie qui a pu évoluer avec le développement des réseaux sociaux et des communautés virtuelles, et appelé dans ces cas Munchausen by Internet (MbI). Dans les cas de patients présentant leur propre auto-diagnostic, on observe une importante augmentation de témoignages de personnes, souvent des jeunes adultes, déclarant sur internet (ou en consultation) souffrir d'un Trouble Dissociatif de l'Identité (TDI), trouble particulièrement difficile à diagnostiquer. En réalité, identifiées comme des faux positifs ou des TDI imités, ces personnes ont l'habitude d'interagir dans des communautés en ligne sur le TDI, avec des influenceurs sur les réseaux sociaux affirmant eux-mêmes être atteints de TDI. Cet article s'appuie sur les travaux existants sur le SM et le TDI afin d’étudier l’évolution de ce phénomène dans le temps et d'envisager s'il ne pourrait pas s'agir d'une nouvelle forme de SM par internet ou simplement de personnes se trompant sur leur état psychologique.
蒙乔生综合症（Munchausen Syndrome，MS），又称事实性失调症，可能是随着社交媒体和虚拟社区的发展而演变而来的，在这些情况下被称为 "网络蒙乔生"（Munchausen by Internet，MbI）。有越来越多的报道称，一些人（大多是年轻人）在互联网上（或咨询中）进行自我诊断，声称自己患有分离性身份识别障碍（DID），这是一种特别难以诊断的疾病。这些人被认定为假阳性或事实性 DID 患者，他们习惯于在有关 DID 的网络社区中进行互动，社交媒体上有影响力的人声称自己也患有 DID。蒙乔生综合症（MS），又称事实性失调症，是一种可能随着社交网络和虚拟社区的发展而演变的病理现象，在这些情况下被称为 "网络蒙乔生"（MbI）。在患者提出自我诊断的情况下，关于有人（通常是年轻人）在互联网上（或咨询中）声称患有分离性身份识别障碍（DID）的报告显著增加，这种障碍特别难以诊断。在现实中，这些人被认定为假阳性或被模仿的 IDD 患者，他们习惯于在有关 IDD 的网络社区中与社交网络上自称患有 IDD 的影响者进行互动。本文借鉴了现有的关于SM和IDD的研究成果，探讨了这一现象是如何随着时间的推移而演变的，并思考了这是否可能是一种新的网络SM形式，或者仅仅是人们在歪曲自己的心理状态。
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