Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100605
Sajjad Saadat (Ph.D.) , Anna Bjärtå (Ph.D.) , Basir Ahmad Azizi (MSc) , Jasmine Hamad (MSc) , Wahidh Talbian (MSc) , Mohammad Sajjad Afsharzada (Ph.D.)
Background
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used and standardized questionnaire designed to assess five types of childhood abuse. The CTQ-SF demonstrates good validity and reliability. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a Dari-translated version of the CTQ-SF.
Method
A convenience sample of 240 undergraduate Dari-speaking students at Herat University, Afghanistan, completed an online survey that included the CTQ-SF and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). To calculate test-retest reliability, a sub-sample of 44 individuals completed the CTQ-SF again within two weeks.
Results
The results from a confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five-factor structure of the CTQ-SF demonstrated acceptable fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.98, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .06). Furthermore, CTQ-SF showed a moderate positive association with depression, anxiety, and stress (r(238) = .43 - 0.49, p < .05), a strong test-retest reliability, (r(42) = .74, p < .05), and excellent internal consistency (α = .92).
Conclusion
The results support the five-factor structure of the CTQ-SF and, together with strong psychometric properties, suggest that the Dari version is reliable for assessing childhood maltreatment.
{"title":"Dari version of the childhood Trauma questionnaire-short form (CTQ-SF) in a sample of Afghan students","authors":"Sajjad Saadat (Ph.D.) , Anna Bjärtå (Ph.D.) , Basir Ahmad Azizi (MSc) , Jasmine Hamad (MSc) , Wahidh Talbian (MSc) , Mohammad Sajjad Afsharzada (Ph.D.)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used and standardized questionnaire designed to assess five types of childhood abuse. The CTQ-SF demonstrates good validity and reliability. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a Dari-translated version of the CTQ-SF.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A convenience sample of 240 undergraduate Dari-speaking students at Herat University, Afghanistan, completed an online survey that included the CTQ-SF and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). To calculate test-retest reliability, a sub-sample of 44 individuals completed the CTQ-SF again within two weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results from a confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five-factor structure of the CTQ-SF demonstrated acceptable fit to the data (<em>χ<sup>2</sup></em>/df = 1.98, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .06). Furthermore, CTQ-SF showed a moderate positive association with depression, anxiety, and stress (<em>r</em>(238) = .43 - 0.49, <em>p</em> < .05), a strong test-retest reliability, (<em>r</em>(42) = .74, <em>p</em> < .05), and excellent internal consistency (<em>α</em> = .92).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results support the five-factor structure of the CTQ-SF and, together with strong psychometric properties, suggest that the Dari version is reliable for assessing childhood maltreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online sports betting has surged in France, creating significant public health and clinical issues. Although childhood trauma and PTSD are known risk factors for gambling disorder, their role in the context of addiction—especially with regard to online sports betting—has not been well-examined
Objective
Determine how five Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subscales and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) symptom severity are associated with gambling severity (GMQ-F) among French sports bettors and derive actionable insights for addiction interventions
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 135 adult French online sports bettors. Participants completed the CTQ, ITQ, GMQ-F, and the MIH5 impulsivity scale. Two hierarchical regressions modeled gambling severity: Step 1 included CTQ subscales, and Step 2 included the ITQ total score and CTQ × ITQ interactions. Covariates were age, gender, and impulsivity. Prevalence was as follows (valid n = 134 for CTQ): emotional abuse 44.03 % (59/134), sexual abuse 98.51 % (132/134), physical neglect 88.81 % (119/134), and physical abuse 39.55 % (53/134). All participants met the 'problematic' threshold (100 %, n = 135) on the French CPGI
Results
Physical abuse and overall PTSD symptoms independently were associated with higher betting severity. Unexpectedly, sexual abuse showed a negative association, warranting further exploration. No significant trauma × PTSD interactions were found
Conclusions
PTSD symptoms and childhood physical abuse are robust predictors of the severity of online sports betting. Incorporating trauma-informed modules into standard gambling interventions, particularly those targeting arousal regulation and coping, may enhance treatment efficacy. Future addiction research should integrate detailed trauma profiling to refine risk stratification and prevention strategies.
{"title":"Childhood trauma, complex PTSD, and severity of online sports betting in French bettors","authors":"Maeva d’Agostino , Samantha Tessier , Oulmann Zerhouni , Lucia Romo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Online sports betting has surged in France, creating significant public health and clinical issues. Although childhood trauma and PTSD are known risk factors for gambling disorder, their role in the context of addiction—especially with regard to online sports betting—has not been well-examined</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine how five Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subscales and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) symptom severity are associated with gambling severity (GMQ-F) among French sports bettors and derive actionable insights for addiction interventions</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 135 adult French online sports bettors. Participants completed the CTQ, ITQ, GMQ-F, and the MIH5 impulsivity scale. Two hierarchical regressions modeled gambling severity: Step 1 included CTQ subscales, and Step 2 included the ITQ total score and CTQ × ITQ interactions. Covariates were age, gender, and impulsivity. Prevalence was as follows (valid <em>n</em> = 134 for CTQ): emotional abuse 44.03 % (59/134), sexual abuse 98.51 % (132/134), physical neglect 88.81 % (119/134), and physical abuse 39.55 % (53/134). All participants met the 'problematic' threshold (100 %, <em>n</em> = 135) on the French CPGI</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Physical abuse and overall PTSD symptoms independently were associated with higher betting severity. Unexpectedly, sexual abuse showed a negative association, warranting further exploration. No significant trauma × PTSD interactions were found</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PTSD symptoms and childhood physical abuse are robust predictors of the severity of online sports betting. Incorporating trauma-informed modules into standard gambling interventions, particularly those targeting arousal regulation and coping, may enhance treatment efficacy. Future addiction research should integrate detailed trauma profiling to refine risk stratification and prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100601
Jikun Yi , Jinghong Huang , Zixuan Zou , Miaomiao Si , Pan Kang , Xuan Yao , Jiani Ma , Yujia Zhang , Yongwen Cao , Liwei Ding , Xuemei Han
Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with an increased risk of low back pain (LBP). However, the role of depressive symptoms (DS) in this relationship remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of DS on the association between ACEs and LBP.
Method
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). DS were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between ACEs and both DS and LBP. Mediation analysis further examined the mediating effect of DS on the ACEs-LBP association.
Results
This study included 8186 participants (3979 males; 4207 females). Logistic regression revealed associations between ACEs and both DS and LBP. Mediation analysis identified DS as a partial mediator in the relationship between LBP and eight ACEs: loneliness, peer bullied, poor self-reported health status, sibling death, parental mental health issues, starvation, and poor childhood neighborhood safety and quality. DS accounted for 18.42 % of the total association between ACE count and LBP. After adjusting for the demographics and DS, marginal analysis confirmed a dose-response relationship, with escalating ACE exposure linked to a higher probability of LBP.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a significant association between ACEs and LBP and DS in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Critically, DS serves as a mediator in the relationship between ACEs and LBP, underscoring its role as a psychological pathway through which early-life adversity influences LBP.
{"title":"Association of adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms and low back pain in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from China","authors":"Jikun Yi , Jinghong Huang , Zixuan Zou , Miaomiao Si , Pan Kang , Xuan Yao , Jiani Ma , Yujia Zhang , Yongwen Cao , Liwei Ding , Xuemei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with an increased risk of low back pain (LBP). However, the role of depressive symptoms (DS) in this relationship remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of DS on the association between ACEs and LBP.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). DS were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between ACEs and both DS and LBP. Mediation analysis further examined the mediating effect of DS on the ACEs-LBP association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 8186 participants (3979 males; 4207 females). Logistic regression revealed associations between ACEs and both DS and LBP. Mediation analysis identified DS as a partial mediator in the relationship between LBP and eight ACEs: loneliness, peer bullied, poor self-reported health status, sibling death, parental mental health issues, starvation, and poor childhood neighborhood safety and quality. DS accounted for 18.42 % of the total association between ACE count and LBP. After adjusting for the demographics and DS, marginal analysis confirmed a dose-response relationship, with escalating ACE exposure linked to a higher probability of LBP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study demonstrates a significant association between ACEs and LBP and DS in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Critically, DS serves as a mediator in the relationship between ACEs and LBP, underscoring its role as a psychological pathway through which early-life adversity influences LBP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100595
Jan Gysi, Anonymous
Background
Despite Switzerland’s legal obligation to provide specialised services for survivors of violence, substantial treatment gaps remain for individuals with complex trauma-related disorders, particularly those diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). This study examines the impact of negative and sensationalistic media coverage in the Swiss-German context (2021–2024) on their access to care.
Method
An anonymous online survey (n = 201) collected self-reported data on therapy discontinuation, waiting times, and psychiatric hospital admissions. Statistical analyses explored associations between a DID diagnosis and perceived changes in service provision.
Results
Participants with DID reported significantly higher rates of therapy discontinuation by providers, refusal of admission to clinics, and prolonged waiting times compared to other diagnostic groups. Many also perceived a deterioration in care that coincided with increased media attention and public debate.
Conclusion
The findings highlight persistent structural deficits in the mental health care of individuals with DID in Switzerland. These gaps appear to have been exacerbated by stigmatising media narratives. Addressing these issues requires improved professional training, trauma-informed public discourse, and the meaningful inclusion of experts by experience in both research and service development.
{"title":"Between stigma and gaps in care: The impact of media discourses on the treatment situation of individuals with DID in Switzerland","authors":"Jan Gysi, Anonymous","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite Switzerland’s legal obligation to provide specialised services for survivors of violence, substantial treatment gaps remain for individuals with complex trauma-related disorders, particularly those diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). This study examines the impact of negative and sensationalistic media coverage in the Swiss-German context (2021–2024) on their access to care.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>An anonymous online survey (<em>n</em> = 201) collected self-reported data on therapy discontinuation, waiting times, and psychiatric hospital admissions. Statistical analyses explored associations between a DID diagnosis and perceived changes in service provision.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with DID reported significantly higher rates of therapy discontinuation by providers, refusal of admission to clinics, and prolonged waiting times compared to other diagnostic groups. Many also perceived a deterioration in care that coincided with increased media attention and public debate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight persistent structural deficits in the mental health care of individuals with DID in Switzerland. These gaps appear to have been exacerbated by stigmatising media narratives. Addressing these issues requires improved professional training, trauma-informed public discourse, and the meaningful inclusion of experts by experience in both research and service development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100600
Dr Bronwyn Milkins , Prof Helen Milroy , Dr Maryam Boutrus , Dr Giulia Pace , Prof Jeneva L. Ohan
Background
Dissociation is often distressing, yet how affected adolescents manage dissociation in their daily lives is not well understood.
Objective
This study aimed to describe the strategies adolescents use to manage dissociative symptoms from the perspective of adolescents themselves, their parents, and their clinicians.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants: 6 female adolescent patients (aged 14–17 years, M = 15.67) from an outpatient psychiatric service in Western Australia, 3 parents, and 4 clinicians. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
Findings were consistent across adolescents, parents, and clinicians. Four main themes reflecting the varied strategies adolescents use to cope with dissociation were developed: Coping Needs to be Right for Me (theme 1); Being with a Trusted Person Helps Me (theme 2) with subthemes Just be Here with Me and Be Here and Help Me Process My Feelings; Gradually Re-Engaging with the Present Moment Helps Me (theme 3); and Sometimes I Cope by Zoning Out Even More (theme 4).
Conclusions
This is the first study to explore how adolescents cope with dissociation. All but one of the strategies were helpful in reducing dissociation duration or intensity, with some being within the adolescent’s control and some relying on trusted others to implement. Some coping strategies described by participants emphasized relational needs and developmental stage, suggesting that downward extension of adult interventions for adolescents may be inappropriate. Findings can guide the development of tailored interventions for dissociation in adolescents, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for this population.
{"title":"“Wait with me until it’s over”: A reflexive thematic analysis of adolescents’ coping with dissociation","authors":"Dr Bronwyn Milkins , Prof Helen Milroy , Dr Maryam Boutrus , Dr Giulia Pace , Prof Jeneva L. Ohan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dissociation is often distressing, yet how affected adolescents manage dissociation in their daily lives is not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to describe the strategies adolescents use to manage dissociative symptoms from the perspective of adolescents themselves, their parents, and their clinicians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants: 6 female adolescent patients (aged 14–17 years, <em>M</em> = 15.67) from an outpatient psychiatric service in Western Australia, 3 parents, and 4 clinicians. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings were consistent across adolescents, parents, and clinicians. Four main themes reflecting the varied strategies adolescents use to cope with dissociation were developed: <em>Coping Needs to be Right for Me</em> (theme 1); <em>Being with a Trusted Person Helps Me</em> (theme 2) with subthemes <em>Just be Here with Me</em> and <em>Be Here and Help Me Process My Feelings; Gradually Re-Engaging with the Present Moment Helps Me</em> (theme 3); and <em>Sometimes I Cope by Zoning Out Even More</em> (theme 4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first study to explore how adolescents cope with dissociation. All but one of the strategies were helpful in reducing dissociation duration or intensity, with some being within the adolescent’s control and some relying on trusted others to implement. Some coping strategies described by participants emphasized relational needs and developmental stage, suggesting that downward extension of adult interventions for adolescents may be inappropriate. Findings can guide the development of tailored interventions for dissociation in adolescents, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of exposure to traumatic perinatal events on maternity staff has been overlooked for too long. It is a critical occupational health issue not only for carers but also for their teams, patients, and close relatives.
Our cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of Traumatic Perinatal Events (TPEs) on the mental health of the carers working at the University Hospital of Dijon (a French type 3 maternity unit). Our online survey was sent to all the carers working at the maternity unit between March and May 2024. Participants were asked to complete the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), the CBI (Compassion Satisfaction Inventory) patient-related subscale, and the PTGI-SF (Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form) to estimate the respective prevalence of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), burnout, and post-traumatic growth. Participants were also asked to identify the different potentially traumatic perinatal events they had encountered and report the level of distress they had experienced.
The participation rate in this study was 24 %. Most of our sample is made up of midwives, physicians, and neonatal nursing assistants. Among respondents, 26.7 % met the criteria for probable PTSD, and 7 % for partial symptoms. Scores compatible with moderate patient-related burnout were found in 32.2 % of subjects, while scores suggestive of severe patient-related burnout were attained by 10.2 % of respondents. Results indicative of post-traumatic growth were observed in 63.2 % of participants. Finally, the staff seemed to be exposed to several potentially highly traumatic perinatal events in the delivery room (e.g., maternal or perinatal death or severe injury to the baby) and outside (e.g., criticism during M&Ms, official patient complaint, performance evaluation by superiors, or mention in a medico-legal claim).
Our results highlight the need to seriously address the mental health issues related to occupational trauma exposure, possibly through a prevention programme.
{"title":"Impact of traumatic perinatal events on caregivers – a cross-sectional study within a French type III maternity","authors":"Clothilde Riotte , Stephanie Leclercq , Francky Teddy Endomba , Jean-Michel Pinoit , Emmanuel Simon , Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of exposure to traumatic perinatal events on maternity staff has been overlooked for too long. It is a critical occupational health issue not only for carers but also for their teams, patients, and close relatives.</div><div>Our cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of Traumatic Perinatal Events (TPEs) on the mental health of the carers working at the University Hospital of Dijon (a French type 3 maternity unit). Our online survey was sent to all the carers working at the maternity unit between March and May 2024. Participants were asked to complete the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), the CBI (Compassion Satisfaction Inventory) patient-related subscale, and the PTGI-SF (Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form) to estimate the respective prevalence of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), burnout, and post-traumatic growth. Participants were also asked to identify the different potentially traumatic perinatal events they had encountered and report the level of distress they had experienced.</div><div>The participation rate in this study was 24 %. Most of our sample is made up of midwives, physicians, and neonatal nursing assistants. Among respondents, 26.7 % met the criteria for probable PTSD, and 7 % for partial symptoms. Scores compatible with moderate patient-related burnout were found in 32.2 % of subjects, while scores suggestive of severe patient-related burnout were attained by 10.2 % of respondents. Results indicative of post-traumatic growth were observed in 63.2 % of participants. Finally, the staff seemed to be exposed to several potentially highly traumatic perinatal events in the delivery room (e.g., maternal or perinatal death or severe injury to the baby) and outside (e.g., criticism during M&Ms, official patient complaint, performance evaluation by superiors, or mention in a medico-legal claim).</div><div>Our results highlight the need to seriously address the mental health issues related to occupational trauma exposure, possibly through a prevention programme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100594
Ali Mohammadzadeh , Somayeh Gholizadeh , Zahra Heyran Sangestani
Background
This study examined cognitive emotion regulation in patients with schizophrenia and major depression, focusing on the impact of dissociative experiences.
Methods
A total of 140 patients were categorized into four groups based on diagnosis and dissociation level: schizophrenia with low and high dissociation, and major depression with low and high dissociation. Participants completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare emotion regulation strategies across the groups.
Results
The study found that patients with high dissociative symptoms in both disorders relied more heavily on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and less on adaptive strategies compared to their low dissociation counterparts. Notably, schizophrenia patients with high dissociation showed greater use of maladaptive strategies than depressed patients with high dissociation.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that dissociative experiences exacerbate emotion regulation difficulties, particularly in schizophrenia, where maladaptive strategies such as suppression and experiential avoidance are more pronounced. The study underscores the need for targeted therapeutic interventions addressing both dissociative symptoms and emotion regulation deficits to improve clinical outcomes in these populations.
{"title":"Comparison of emotion regulation between patients with schizophrenia and major depression across levels of dissociative experiences","authors":"Ali Mohammadzadeh , Somayeh Gholizadeh , Zahra Heyran Sangestani","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examined cognitive emotion regulation in patients with schizophrenia and major depression, focusing on the impact of dissociative experiences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 140 patients were categorized into four groups based on diagnosis and dissociation level: schizophrenia with low and high dissociation, and major depression with low and high dissociation. Participants completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare emotion regulation strategies across the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that patients with high dissociative symptoms in both disorders relied more heavily on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and less on adaptive strategies compared to their low dissociation counterparts. Notably, schizophrenia patients with high dissociation showed greater use of maladaptive strategies than depressed patients with high dissociation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings indicate that dissociative experiences exacerbate emotion regulation difficulties, particularly in schizophrenia, where maladaptive strategies such as suppression and experiential avoidance are more pronounced. The study underscores the need for targeted therapeutic interventions addressing both dissociative symptoms and emotion regulation deficits to improve clinical outcomes in these populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100599
David Casanovas , Bruno Faustino
This study explored the relationships between complex trauma, dialectical core schemas and emotional processing difficulties in a non-clinical sample. Drawing from schema theory and emotion-focused models, we examined how complex trauma contributes to the development of maladaptive self and other-representations and their impact on emotional functioning. A total of 185 participants (Mage = 35.16, SD = 12.10) completed validated self-report measures assessing trauma exposure, core schemas, emotional processing, and psychological symptomatology. Correlation analyses revealed that complex trauma was significantly associated with maladaptive self-schemas and all dimensions of emotional processing difficulties. An hierarchical regression model showed that complex trauma and emotional processing difficulties, but not core schemas, significantly predicted psychological distress. Mediation analysis further indicated that complex trauma mediated the relationship between maladaptive self-schemas and emotional processing difficulties. These findings highlight the role of complex trauma in shaping maladaptive cognitive-emotional structures and impairing emotional processing, underscoring the need to target trauma and emotion regulation in therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Interplay between complex trauma, dialectical core schemas and emotional processing difficulties","authors":"David Casanovas , Bruno Faustino","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the relationships between complex trauma, dialectical core schemas and emotional processing difficulties in a non-clinical sample. Drawing from schema theory and emotion-focused models, we examined how complex trauma contributes to the development of maladaptive self and other-representations and their impact on emotional functioning. A total of 185 participants (Mage = 35.16, SD = 12.10) completed validated self-report measures assessing trauma exposure, core schemas, emotional processing, and psychological symptomatology. Correlation analyses revealed that complex trauma was significantly associated with maladaptive self-schemas and all dimensions of emotional processing difficulties. An hierarchical regression model showed that complex trauma and emotional processing difficulties, but not core schemas, significantly predicted psychological distress. Mediation analysis further indicated that complex trauma mediated the relationship between maladaptive self-schemas and emotional processing difficulties. These findings highlight the role of complex trauma in shaping maladaptive cognitive-emotional structures and impairing emotional processing, underscoring the need to target trauma and emotion regulation in therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100597
Jürgen Schäfer
Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a dissociative disorder characterized by persistent unreality experiences and intact reality testing. It is presented as a primary disorder or conceptualized as a secondary disorder associated with another psychopathology, in which such secondary disorder supposes to be the main promoting factor in the condition. Dissociative disorders are understood broadly as posttraumatic phenomena, although literature reports have demonstrated certain difficulties in both treatment and accurate diagnosis especially concerning depersonalization/derealization. The present theoretical paper aims to present previous research data and a summarized theoretical corpus on trauma-related dissociation to characterize the phenomenon from a psychotraumatology standpoint, and elaborate an explanatory hypothesis on its mechanism, pointing to etiology, differential diagnosis, and adequate management issues based on historical and empirical research to date. As an attainable emotional reaction, the chronic egodystonic presentation requires a formal explanation in conformity with the theory of structural dissociation. Depersonalization/derealization disorder, as a dissociative disorder, although mostly would be precipitated by accumulative trauma, could be understood not always solely on that explanation, but as a multifactorial phenomenon in some cases. Nonetheless, an explanation centered in the disorder acquisition as a type of posttraumatic reaction will be emphasized, involving personality development and developmental psychopathology.
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Background/Aim: Long-lasting psychological and physical problems have been reported in earthquake survivors. This study was planned to observe the relationship between mental symptoms and respiratory functions in university students exposed to earthquakes.
Material and Methods: In 2024, the study included 118 university students from Suleyman Demirel University, Türkiye. Of these, 57 were classified as Group 1 (earthquake-exposed) and 61 as Group 2 (non-exposed). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms were evaluated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), depression tendency was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), anxiety level was determined with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and sleep problems were evaluated with Jenkin's Sleep Scale. Respiratory functions were measured using a spirometer (COSMED Pony FX® Spirometry).
Results: In the group comparison, MIP, MEP, FEV1, FVC, PEF were significantly lower, PTSD symptoms, anxiety level and depression tendency were significantly higher in Group 1, while the FEV1/FVC was similar between the groups. In addition, within each group, certain mental symptoms were found to be associated with specific respiratory functions.
Conclusion: This study found correlation between mental symptoms and respiratory functions. It is recommended to observe this effect again after natural disasters and to examine the change with intermittent measurements.
{"title":"Evaluation of post-traumatic symptoms and respiratory functions in university students exposed to earthquake (6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes)","authors":"Caglayan Pinar Ozturk , Neriman Temel Aksu , Ferdi Baskurt , Zeliha Baskurt","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background/Aim: Long-lasting psychological and physical problems have been reported in earthquake survivors. This study was planned to observe the relationship between mental symptoms and respiratory functions in university students exposed to earthquakes.</div><div>Material and Methods: In 2024, the study included 118 university students from Suleyman Demirel University, Türkiye. Of these, 57 were classified as Group 1 (earthquake-exposed) and 61 as Group 2 (non-exposed). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms were evaluated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), depression tendency was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), anxiety level was determined with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and sleep problems were evaluated with Jenkin's Sleep Scale. Respiratory functions were measured using a spirometer (COSMED Pony FX® Spirometry).</div><div>Results: In the group comparison, MIP, MEP, FEV1, FVC, PEF were significantly lower, PTSD symptoms, anxiety level and depression tendency were significantly higher in Group 1, while the FEV1/FVC was similar between the groups. In addition, within each group, certain mental symptoms were found to be associated with specific respiratory functions.</div><div>Conclusion: This study found correlation between mental symptoms and respiratory functions. It is recommended to observe this effect again after natural disasters and to examine the change with intermittent measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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