European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Ethical approach in a posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Sami Richa ,&nbsp;Lyna Chami ,&nbsp;Nathalie Richa ,&nbsp;Wissam El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>We will discuss autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice regarding trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A review of some papers regarding this subject and our experience nourished from our clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respect of these ethical issues is important in order to improve to promote healing and resilience of subjects suffering from PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ethical issues are important in all psychiatric and psychological issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moderating role of sleep hours in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation","authors":"Chak Hei Ocean Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Wang Fung ,&nbsp;Tsz Ying Nathalie Tsui ,&nbsp;Guangzhe Frank Yuan ,&nbsp;Caimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Chu Wing Lai ,&nbsp;Janet Yuen-Ha Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although childhood trauma has been identified as one of the major risk factors for depression, the potential mechanisms behind this relationship remain less clear. As sleep disturbances are associated with both childhood trauma and depression, this study examined the moderating effects of sleep hours on this relationship. The sample consisted of young adults from an international longitudinal survey project (<em>N</em> = 146). Participants completed validated screening measures of childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and reported their sleep hours at baseline (T1), and then reported their depressive symptoms again at follow-up (T2) after 3 months. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were used to analyze the data. T1 childhood trauma was positively correlated to depressive symptoms at both T1 (<em>r</em> = 0.26, <em>p</em> &lt; .01) and T2 (<em>r</em> = 0.21, <em>p</em> &lt; .05). After controlling for demographic variables and T1 depressive symptoms, T1 sleep hours significantly predicted T2 depressive symptoms (<em>β</em> = 0.136, <em>p</em> = .038). Furthermore, the number of sleep hours moderated the effects of T1 childhood trauma on T2 depressive symptoms. T1 childhood trauma predicted T2 depressive symptoms only when sleep hours were low (<em>B</em> = 0.2056, <em>p</em> = .0075). This study provided evidence that childhood trauma was significantly associated with aggravated depressive symptoms under sleep deprivation. Proactive management of sleep problems might be beneficial to people with childhood trauma. Future studies are needed to evaluate sleep-focused interventions for childhood trauma survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cognitive behavioral mechanisms related to dissociation among patients suffering from schizophrenia: A pilot study","authors":"A Vancappel ,&nbsp;J Graux ,&nbsp;W El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dissociation is a challenging syndrome present in multiple psychiatric disorders for which no gold standard treatment exists. Recently, some authors have developed a Cognitive Behavioral Model of dissociation, offering new insights for psychotherapy. However, this model has primarily been assessed in patients suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relevance of this conceptualization in patients suffering from schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We recruited 20 patients (15 men) suffering from schizophrenia. After providing consent, they completed self-reported questionnaires assessing dissociation, PTSD, beliefs about emotion, beliefs about dissociation, mindfulness abilities, and emotion regulation. Then, they responded to three open-ended questions exploring the triggers of dissociation and strategies used to counteract it.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a low prevalence of the different cognitive-behavioral mechanisms related to dissociation in our sample. However, we found significant relationships between these mechanisms and dissociative symptoms. This relationship was also identified in the qualitative analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present results offer primary data supporting the relevance of the cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of dissociation in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Further studies should be conducted with larger samples and include additional variables to enhance the understanding of dissociation in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claims of Dissociative Identity Disorder on the Internet: A new epidemic of Munchausen Syndrome?","authors":"Eric Binet","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Munchausen Syndrome (MS), otherwise known as factitious disorder may have evolved with the development of social media and virtual communities, and in these cases is called Munchausen by Internet (MbI). There has been a significant increase in reports of people, mostly young adults, presenting their own self-diagnosis and claiming on the Internet (or in consultation) to suffer from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), which is a disorder that is particularly difficult to diagnose. These people, identified as false positives or factitious DID sufferers, are used to interacting in online communities about DID, with influencers on social media claiming to have DID themselves. This article draws on existing work on MS and DID to investigate how this phenomenon is evolving over time, and to consider whether it could be a new form of Internet MS, or simply people misrepresenting their psychological state.</div></div><div><div>Le syndrome de Munchausen (SM), autrement appelé trouble factice, est une pathologie qui a pu évoluer avec le développement des réseaux sociaux et des communautés virtuelles, et appelé dans ces cas <em>Munchausen by Internet</em> (MbI). Dans les cas de patients présentant leur propre auto-diagnostic, on observe une importante augmentation de témoignages de personnes, souvent des jeunes adultes, déclarant sur internet (ou en consultation) souffrir d'un Trouble Dissociatif de l'Identité (TDI), trouble particulièrement difficile à diagnostiquer. En réalité, identifiées comme des faux positifs ou des TDI imités, ces personnes ont l'habitude d'interagir dans des communautés en ligne sur le TDI, avec des influenceurs sur les réseaux sociaux affirmant eux-mêmes être atteints de TDI. Cet article s'appuie sur les travaux existants sur le SM et le TDI afin d’étudier l’évolution de ce phénomène dans le temps et d'envisager s'il ne pourrait pas s'agir d'une nouvelle forme de SM par internet ou simplement de personnes se trompant sur leur état psychologique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of the feeling of isolation and loneliness among French Holocaust survivors after the 7 October terrorist attack","authors":"Bruno Halioua ,&nbsp;Patrick Bantman ,&nbsp;Rachel Rimmer ,&nbsp;Eric Ghozlan ,&nbsp;Muriel Vaislic ,&nbsp;Dan Halioua ,&nbsp;Fabienne Amson ,&nbsp;Avidan Kogel ,&nbsp;Charles Taieb ,&nbsp;Richard Prasquier ,&nbsp;Jean-Francois Gutthman ,&nbsp;Robert Ejnes ,&nbsp;Stephanie Dassa ,&nbsp;Alexis Astruc ,&nbsp;Marc Cohen ,&nbsp;Samuel Sarfati ,&nbsp;Marc Fohlen-Weill ,&nbsp;Odile Namia-Cohen ,&nbsp;Aline Deutscher ,&nbsp;Jonathan Taieb","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The 7 October terrorist attack in southern Israel and the increase in anti-Semitic acts have had a significant impact on the mental health of Holocaust survivors (HS), with some experiencing feelings of isolation and loneliness associated with an increased risk of mortality. The main objective of our work was to assess the incidence and intensity of perceived stress among French HS suffering from feelings of isolation and loneliness following the 7 October attack. The secondary objective was to determine the impact on health and to establish a link with the Holocaust period.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study was conducted between 30 October and 15 December 2023 among HS living in France who were contacted by mail through HS support organisations. They completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and experiences during the Holocaust, an assessment of perceived stress using the PSS-10 scale, the presence or absence of feelings of isolation and loneliness, and health consequences and reactions to the 7 October attacks. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0, with Mann-Whitney tests, chi-squared and Student's <em>t</em>-tests used to compare HS experiencing loneliness and isolation with those not experiencing loneliness and isolation, with a p-value of &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>94 respondents completed the questionnaire, of whom 29 (30.5 %) were men. The HS had a mean PSS-10 score of 17.7 ± 6.0 (min 5 - max 35). Thirty (31.6 %) reported feeling isolated or alone after the 7 October massacre. Those who felt isolated or alone were more likely to feel that they had no support from those around them (73.3 % vs. 19.7 % <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The PSS10 scores of HS suffering from isolation and loneliness were significantly higher than those of other HS (21.2 ± 5.2 vs. 16.0 ± 6.2, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). After the 7 October massacre, 93.3 % of HS suffering from loneliness and isolation felt that their Holocaust experience had reawakened their vulnerability, especially aggravated health problems (34 %). They tend to think about the Holocaust period more often (96.7 % vs. 80.3 %, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) and are significantly more worried about the future of their children and grandchildren as Jews (93.3 % vs. 77.0 %, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to assess the importance of stress among HS, particularly those suffering from loneliness and isolation, following the 7 October terrorist attack. It highlights the importance of implementing intervention programmes to support the last eyewitnesses of the Holocaust period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic growth trajectories and the psychopathological response to Covid-19: A longitudinal study of former prisoners of war and combat veterans","authors":"Sarah Bøgelund Dokkedahl ,&nbsp;Yafit Levin ,&nbsp;Zahava Solomon","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is the subjective experience of positive psychological change following exposure to trauma. Yet, researchers have discussed whether PTG is a positive outcome or a self-deceptive coping mechanism. The present study investigates PTG-trajectories and their ability to predict psychopathology in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in a longitudinal study of former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and combat veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur War in Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected in five waves from 1991 to 2020 (N_T5 = 256). To identify latent profiles of change in PTG over time, Group-Based Trajectory Modeling was applied. Logistic regression examined whether study group and PTSD-clusters predict latent trajectories of change. Boostrap MANOVA was applied to examine if the latent trajectories predict veterans’ psychopathological response to Covid-19.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 2-class solution was the best representation of the data. Being ex-POW significantly predicted the likelihood of developing high PTG over time. The High PTG group had significantly higher Acute Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and general psychopathology in response to Covid-19.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, PTG is associated with greater vulnerability for psychopathology in response to later adversities. Hence, the subjective experience of positive change does not appear to signify higher resilience in trauma victims.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic factors and its correlation with schema modes and PTSD among orthopedic trauma survivors","authors":"Sabir Zaman ,&nbsp;Kehkashan Arouj ,&nbsp;Sabahat Zareen ,&nbsp;Asghar Ali Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to examine the correlation between sociodemographic factors, schema modes, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in individual who have experienced trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 137 patients participated in the study, including 104 men, and 33 women. The Urdu- translated Schema Mode Inventory and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS for DSM-5) were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found significant positive correlation between demographic factors such as age, gender, education, economic status, and type of injury with PTSD symptoms in orthopedic trauma survivors. The results further indicated, that gender (both male and female), level of education, and socio-economic status were significantly positive associated with PTSD symptoms. While, 50.7 % of patients with closed fractures and 62.1 % of those with open fractures showed PTSD symptoms, no clear association was found between PTSD symptoms and the type of trauma experienced. Additionally, female patients showed significantly higher PTSD symptoms than male. The finding also revealed that child mode, and maladaptive punitive parents had significant impact on PTSD development, whereas, maladaptive coping styles and adaptive schemas had no influence on PTSD symptoms.Moreover, patients with grade-I fractures and intentional injuries showed significantly higher maladaptive schema modes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study concluded that demographic characteristics, such as gender, education and socioeconomic status play an important role in development of PTSD symptoms in orthopaedic trauma survivors. In addition, maladaptive schema modes significantly contribute to PTSD symptoms, while coping styles and adaptive schema modes have no impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between betrayal trauma and typologies of anger and aggression","authors":"Meghri L. Sarkissian,&nbsp;Matthew M. Yalch","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anger and aggression are related forms of externalizing phenomena that are distinct in that anger is a form of emotion, whereas aggression is a behavior. Both anger and aggression (as well as their combination) function as responses to environmental conditions, one of the most common of which is trauma. Recent research has highlighted the association between trauma high in betrayal and externalizing problems, although this research has not been examined with respect to typologies of anger and aggression specifically. In this study, we examined the association between different forms of trauma and typologies of anger and aggression in a sample of women and men recruited online (<em>N</em> = 364) using model-based cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Results suggest that trauma with a high degree of betrayal was associated with a typology of implicit anger characterized by intense anger but controlled aggression. Findings suggest the importance of understanding the impact of betrayal on anger and aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological stability of the individual in extreme situations","authors":"Liana Spytska","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main purpose of this study is to consider the factors influencing the stability of the human mental system in extreme situations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study used structural and functional methods, dialectical methods, synthesis, logical analysis, and generalisation. A survey was also conducted with 70 participants divided into two age groups, using empirical methods such as the “Research of volitional self-regulation” test, the “Diagnostics of emotional barriers in interpersonal communication” methodology, and the “Self-assessment test of mental state”.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was found that extreme events have a psychogenic impact, which includes both direct threats to human life and indirect threats. Psychological stability is a protective characteristic that enhances a person's ability to adapt to environmental conditions and mitigates the harmful effects of stress. Individuals with higher stress tolerance maintained mental health, social adaptation, and professional efficiency in difficult conditions. The study revealed that the second group (aged 30–40) demonstrated a higher level of psychological stress resistance compared to the first group (aged 18–25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This paper is practically important, since all theoretical provisions, conclusions, and recommendations can be used by psychologists or other specialists to increase knowledge about the impact of extreme situations on the psychological stress tolerance of a person, and to improve the system of methods of working with people who have fallen into such circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the farsi version of the international trauma questionnaire -child and adolescent version (ITQ-CA) in a sample of iranian children and adolescents exposed to trauma","authors":"Kamal Parhoon ,&nbsp;Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani ,&nbsp;Marylene Cloitre ,&nbsp;Hadi Parhoon ,&nbsp;Parnia Shahbazi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) is a self-report measure for post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), corresponding to the diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). While in the meantime the original English version of the ITQ-CA is available in different languages such as traditional and simplified Chinese, German, or Spanish, the Farsi was missing so far.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) in a sample of Iranian children and adolescents objectively exposed to a traumatic event.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 130 participants completed the Farsi form of the ITQ-CA and the Farsi Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) for comparison. For the psychometric evaluation, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bivariate correlations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Farsi version of ITQ-CA self-report form yielded scores with robust reliability (internal consistency ranging from 0.83 to 0.91, <strong>and the Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) varied from 0.74 to 0.92 with moderate, good, and excellent results</strong>) and adequate convergent validity (correlations with the CATS ranging from 0.49 to 0.77). CFA supported ICD-11 CPTSD symptom structure as a two-factor higher order model with PTSD. <strong>We found that the two-factor model fit the data better than the other measurement models (χ2/df = 43.492/37</strong> <strong>=</strong> <strong>1.175, RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.989, SRMR = 0.04.(</strong></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Farsi version of the ITQ-CA showed very good and satisfactory psychometric properties. As such, the Farsi ITQ-CA appears to be a valid and reliable self-rating measure to assess PTSD and DSO in Farsi-speaking children and adolescents exposed to traumas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}