European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献_第2页

Vicarious post-traumatic growth in health professionals facing their patients’ end of life 替代性创伤后成长的卫生专业人员面对他们的病人的生命结束

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100646

David Faggi, Gabriella Aprea, Chiara Fioretti

Numerous studies have highlighted that the death of a patient and contact with terminal illness can be considered traumatic experiences with a high emotional impact for healthcare professionals. The present study aims to investigate whether exposure to death and end-of-life situations may contribute to the development of vicarious Post-Traumatic Growth in healthcare workers holding different professional roles within the medical field.

Fifteen healthcare professionals (13 females; Mean age = 49 years (SD=10.6); mean years of service=12.4 (SD=9.8)) participated in this study. They were 1 physician, 4 nurses, 6 psychotherapists and 4 social workers; 5 of them were employed in hospitals, 4 in hospice and 6 in domiciliary care. All professionals were asked to narrate through a semi-structured questionnaire their experiences related to grief and terminal illness in patients with cancer or chronic disease.

The collected narratives were analyzed using an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis, with a theory-informed interpretation. The results highlighted four themes related to experiences of Post-Traumatic Growth among the professionals: Caregiving as witnessing and mission; Learning to live with death anxiety; Personal vulnerability and resources; Authentic communication with terminally ill patients.

The authors discuss the results, considering clinical implications and the potential role of post-traumatic growth in protecting healthcare professionals from distress and psychological suffering due to daily contact with death and dying.

许多研究都强调，病人的死亡和与绝症的接触可以被认为是创伤经历，对医疗保健专业人员有很高的情感影响。本研究旨在探讨在医疗领域中担任不同专业角色的医护人员，接触死亡和临终情境是否会促进替代性创伤后成长的发展。15名医护人员(女性13名，平均年龄49岁（SD=10.6）；平均服务年数=12.4 (SD=9.8))参加本研究。其中医师1名、护士4名、心理治疗师6名、社工4名；其中5人受雇于医院，4人受雇于临终关怀医院，6人受雇于居家护理机构。所有专业人员都被要求通过半结构化的问卷来叙述他们与癌症或慢性病患者的悲伤和绝症有关的经历。本文采用归纳性、反身性的主题分析方法对所收集的叙事进行了分析，并进行了理论解释。结果强调了与创伤后成长经历相关的四个主题：作为见证和使命的照顾；学会带着对死亡的焦虑生活；个人脆弱性和资源；与绝症患者真诚沟通。作者讨论了结果，考虑到临床意义和创伤后成长的潜在作用，以保护医疗保健专业人员从痛苦和心理痛苦，由于日常接触死亡和死亡。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary treatment outcomes of transition-aged youth receiving cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A brief report 过渡年龄青年接受创伤后应激障碍认知加工治疗的初步治疗结果：简要报告

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100636

Talia Tissera , Emily E. Levitt , Jenna E. Boyd , Jennifer Hewitt , Jennifer Ip , Fan Rosenau , Taylor Hatchard

Despite posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being prevalent among transition-aged youth (aged 17–25), they face barriers to accessing treatment and have few therapy options tailored to their needs. Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary pilot feasibility study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a 12-session Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) group for 25 transition-aged youth (aged 18–25) with PTSD. Participants completed measures of PTSD symptoms, secondary mental health outcomes (e.g., depression), and substance use and impulsivity at baseline, post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up. Group engagement was measured at post-intervention, and dropout rates were recorded. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to model the effects of the intervention on outcomes between Each timepoint. Results indicated significant decreases in PTSD symptoms χ2 (1) = 17.90, p <.001 and key secondary outcomes, such as depression χ2 (1) = 8.78, p = .012. Group engagement was moderate M = 3.4 out of 6, SD = 1.6 and dropout (48%) was higher than in other CPT interventions but comparable to youth mental health interventions broadly. Youth who did not complete the group had significantly higher PTSD symptoms at baseline t(23) = 2.16, p = .041 and were significantly younger than youth who completed the group t(23) = 2.43, p = .024. These preliminary findings indicate that group-based CPT may be an effective low-barrier intervention for transition-aged youth with low-severity PTSD. Further research with larger samples and a control condition is warranted.

尽管创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在过渡年龄的青年（17-25岁）中很普遍，但他们在获得治疗方面面临障碍，而且很少有适合他们需求的治疗选择。因此，本初步试点可行性研究的目的是探讨12期认知加工治疗（CPT）组治疗25名过渡年龄青年（18-25岁）PTSD的可行性和有效性。参与者在基线、干预后和4周随访时完成PTSD症状、继发性心理健康结果（如抑郁）、物质使用和冲动的测量。在干预后测量小组参与度，并记录辍学率。使用广义估计方程来模拟干预对每个时间点之间结果的影响。结果显示，创伤后应激障碍症状χ2 (1) = 17.90, p < 001，抑郁等关键次要结局χ2 (1) = 8.78, p = 0.012。小组参与程度中等，M = 3.4 / 6, SD = 1.6，辍学率（48%）高于其他CPT干预措施，但与青少年心理健康干预措施大致相当。未完成该组的青年在基线时PTSD症状显著高于t(23) = 2.16, p = 0.041，且明显比完成该组的青年年轻t(23) = 2.43, p = 0.024。这些初步研究结果表明，基于群体的CPT可能是一种有效的低障碍干预过渡年龄青年低严重PTSD。进一步的研究需要更大的样本和控制条件。

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引用次数: 0

A grounded theory of attachment processes in EMDR for psychosis 精神疾病EMDR中依恋过程的基础理论

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100647

Bobby Cramp , Susannah Colbert , Emma Hartley

Background

Disruptions in early attachment experiences have been associated with greater risk for the development of psychosis. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) has been found effective in supporting individuals with psychosis to make sense of and heal from adverse experience, while improving attachment security.

Purpose

This research approached psychosis as a dissociative response to early attachment trauma and sought to identify processes between attachment and EMDR that might promote recovery from psychosis.

Basic procedures

Seven participants who had received EMDR for psychosis were recruited and completed two attachment screening measures before taking part in a semi structured interview. The interviews were analysed using the Glaser and Strauss (1967) qualitative grounded theory approach to inductively discover theory from the data. This was approached from a critical realist perspective, and a clear model emerged from the data.

Findings

The model highlighted the role of relationships with therapists and wider supporting mental health team through the EMDR process that encouraged a reconnection with a sense of self and reconnection with others. EMDR processes and improvements in relationships contributed to a reduction in psychosis, greater sense of connection and felt support, personal growth and a sense of distance from trauma in recovery that allowed a return to normal day to day activities. Clinical implications, limitations and future research were considered.

早期依恋经历的中断与更大的精神病发展风险有关。眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR）已被发现有效地支持精神病患者理解和从不良经历中治愈，同时提高依恋安全性。目的：本研究将精神病视为早期依恋创伤的解离性反应，并试图确定依恋和EMDR之间可能促进精神病康复的过程。基本程序：招募了7名接受过EMDR治疗精神病的参与者，并在参加半结构化访谈之前完成了两项依恋筛选措施。访谈采用Glaser和Strauss（1967）定性扎根理论方法进行分析，从数据中归纳发现理论。这是从批判现实主义的角度出发的，从数据中得出了一个清晰的模型。该模型强调了通过EMDR过程与治疗师和更广泛的支持性心理健康团队的关系的作用，该过程鼓励与自我意识和与他人的重新联系。EMDR过程和人际关系的改善有助于精神病的减少，更大的联系感和支持感，个人成长和恢复过程中与创伤的距离感，使其能够恢复正常的日常活动。临床意义，局限性和未来的研究进行了考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the mediating roles of insomnia and emotion regulation in the relationship between nightmares and dissociative experiences 探讨失眠和情绪调节在噩梦与分离体验关系中的中介作用

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100622

Shiva Mayeli, Hoda Doosalivand, Banafsheh Mohajerin

Background

Dissociative experiences are increasingly conceptualized as a transdiagnostic phenomenon. Sleep-related processes—particularly nightmares, which are affectively intense and REM-related—have been implicated in dissociation through pathways such as emotion regulation difficulties and insomnia severity. This study, therefore, examined whether emotion regulation difficulties and insomnia severity mediate the association between nightmare distress and dissociative experiences.

Methods

Adults from Tehran (N = 378) completed the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ), Dissociative Experiences Scale–II (DES-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–16 (DERS-16), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated whether emotion regulation and insomnia severity mediated the nightmare–dissociation association; indirect effects were tested with 2000 bootstrap resamples.

Results

The structural equation model showed acceptable fit. Nightmare distress strongly predicted dissociation and was also associated with both emotion regulation difficulties and insomnia severity. Emotion regulation difficulties, in turn, had a small but significant association with dissociation, whereas insomnia severity did not. Mediation analysis indicated a significant indirect effect through emotion regulation but not through insomnia. The model explained 46 % of the variance in dissociation.

Conclusions

This study provides novel evidence that difficulties in emotion regulation partly explain the association between nightmare distress and dissociative experiences, whereas insomnia severity contributes little to this link. These findings highlight the primacy of affective and REM-related processes in dissociation, underscoring the need for future longitudinal and experimental research using objective sleep measures.

背景：解离性体验越来越被概念化为一种跨诊断现象。与睡眠相关的过程——尤其是噩梦，它是情感强烈的，与快速眼动有关——通过情绪调节困难和失眠严重程度等途径与分离有关。因此，本研究考察了情绪调节困难和失眠严重程度是否介导了噩梦痛苦和分离体验之间的关联。方法对来自德黑兰的378名成人进行噩梦困扰问卷（NDQ）、分离体验量表（DES-II）、情绪调节困难量表（DERS-16）和失眠严重程度指数（ISI）测试。结构方程模型（SEM）评估情绪调节和失眠严重程度是否介导噩梦-解离关联；间接效应用2000个bootstrap样本进行检验。结果结构方程模型拟合良好。噩梦困扰强烈地预示着分离，也与情绪调节困难和失眠严重程度有关。情绪调节困难，反过来，与分离有小但重要的联系，而失眠的严重程度没有。中介分析表明，情绪调节间接影响显著，而失眠间接影响不显著。该模型解释了46%的分离差异。结论：本研究提供了新的证据，表明情绪调节困难在一定程度上解释了噩梦痛苦和分离体验之间的联系，而失眠的严重程度对这种联系贡献不大。这些发现强调了情感和快速眼动相关过程在分离中的首要地位，强调了未来使用客观睡眠测量进行纵向和实验研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, moral injury and social support in a clinical sample of UK military veterans 在英国退伍军人的临床样本中探索不良童年经历、道德伤害和社会支持之间的关系

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100623

Marina Beckwith , David Turgoose , Gary Latchford , Dominic Murphy

Background

Increased exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is noted amongst military veterans, who also face unique occupational stressors during military service. Veterans are at increased risk of exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIE) and Moral Injury.

Objective

To explore the relationship between ACEs and Moral Injury in a sample of UK treatment-seeking veterans.

Participants and Setting

428 treatment-seeking veterans who accessed veterans’ mental health charity Combat Stress between 2019–2020 completed a patient experience survey.

Methods

A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data previously collected by Combat Stress explored the relationship between ACEs and Moral Injury using linear regression analysis. Further correlational analysis explored associations between ACEs, Moral Injury and social support.

Results

The majority of respondents experienced at least one ACE (74.6 %), with 35 % classed as high risk (4+ ACEs). Over half (57.1 %) reported exposure to a PMIE. ACEs were associated with Moral Injury (r[239] = 0.207, p<.001), with Personal Abuse ACEs explaining 4.4 % of the variance in Moral Injury scores (F(1239) = 11.086, p = .001, 95 % CI [29.30, 33.35]). 72.2 % of respondents reported low perceived social support, with social support being negatively correlated with both ACEs and Moral Injury.

Conclusions

ACEs may be a vulnerability factor increasing the risk of Moral Injury following experience of PMIEs during military service.

在退伍军人中，不良童年经历（ace）暴露的增加被注意到，他们在服役期间也面临着独特的职业压力源。退伍军人面临潜在道德伤害经历（PMIE）和道德伤害的风险增加。目的探讨在英国寻求治疗的退伍军人中ace与道德伤害的关系。参与者和Setting428名寻求治疗的退伍军人在2019-2020年期间访问了退伍军人心理健康慈善机构“战斗压力”，完成了一项患者体验调查。方法对《战斗压力》杂志收集的横断面调查数据进行二次分析，采用线性回归分析方法探讨ace与道德伤害之间的关系。进一步的相关分析探讨了不良经历、道德伤害和社会支持之间的关系。结果大多数受访者至少经历过一次ACE(74.6%)，其中35%为高风险（4+ ACE）。超过一半（57.1%）报告暴露于PMIE。不良经历与道德伤害相关（r[239] = 0.207, p<.001），个人虐待不良经历解释了道德伤害分数方差的4.4% （F(1239) = 11.086, p = .001, 95% CI[29.30, 33.35]）。72.2%的受访者认为社会支持度低，社会支持度与ace和道德伤害均呈负相关。结论sace可能是增加服兵役后精神创伤风险的脆弱因素。

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引用次数: 0

Unseen burden: A gender-based study of trauma reactions in university students in Pakistan 看不见的负担：巴基斯坦大学生创伤反应的性别研究

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100637

Samia Rani , Sadia Saleem

Background

A survey on trauma reactions was carried out among 830 university students from private and government sector universities.

Aim

The indigenous Trauma Reactions Scale developed by Rani and Saleem (2025) was used to collect data. 45 items were designed to determine the prevalence of mental health issues associated with traumatic life events in university students.

Method

This scale consists of four subscales emotion dysregulation, social withdrawal, depersonalization, and intolerance. For demonstration of overall results, the authors suggest that scores falling above one SD should be considered as indicative of severe problems, whereas scores about 2 SD represent very severe problems.

Results

The findings revealed that most men were experiencing a moderate (20 %) level of trauma reactions, followed by severe (14 %), mild (9 %), and very severe (6 %). Furthermore, the women fall into the following categories 7 % mild, 15 % moderate, 19 % severe, and 9 % very severe. The results revealed that men fell into a mild to moderate, and women fell into the severe to very severe psychosocial stress reaction to trauma. Ordinal logistic regression reveals that the gender is statistically significant predictor of trauma reaction, but the symptoms of trauma reactions are almost similar in across gender.

Conclusion

These findings are consistent with other similar studies on the mental health of university students. The role of variables such as sample characteristics, the measure used, and cultural and contextual factors is discussed in determining rates, as well as their implications for student counseling services in prevention and intervention.

本研究对830名来自私立和公立大学的大学生进行了创伤反应调查。目的采用Rani和Saleem（2025）编制的本土创伤反应量表收集数据。设计了45个项目来确定大学生中与创伤性生活事件相关的心理健康问题的流行程度。方法该量表由情绪失调、社交退缩、人格解体和不容忍四个分量表组成。为了证明整体结果，作者建议，分数低于1个标准差应被认为是严重问题的指示，而分数约为2个标准差则代表非常严重的问题。结果研究结果显示，大多数男性经历中度（20%）的创伤反应，其次是严重（14%）、轻度（9%）和非常严重（6%）。此外，这些妇女分为以下几类：7%轻度，15%中度，19%严重，9%非常严重。结果显示，男性对创伤的心理社会压力反应为轻度到中度，而女性则为严重到非常严重。序贯逻辑回归显示，性别是创伤反应的显著预测因子，但创伤反应的症状在性别间几乎相似。结论本研究结果与其他有关大学生心理健康的研究结果一致。变量的作用，如样本特征，所使用的测量，文化和背景因素，在确定率，以及他们对学生咨询服务在预防和干预的影响进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Childhood trauma and emotion regulation as predictors of dissociative experiences in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: A comparative study 童年创伤和情绪调节作为精神分裂症和重度抑郁症分离体验的预测因素：一项比较研究

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100632

Ali Mohammadzadeh, Fariba Shahnazi, Somayeh Gholizadeh

Background

While both childhood trauma and maladaptive emotion regulation are linked to dissociative experiences, their relative importance may vary across psychiatric disorders.

Objective

This comparative study aimed to investigate the predictive roles of childhood trauma and emotion regulation strategies on dissociative experiences in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Methods

Employing a cross-sectional, comparative design, a total of 167 participants (78 with schizophrenia and 89 with major depressive disorder) were recruited from clinical settings. Participants completed standardized self-report measures: the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses.

Results

Levels of dissociative experiences were significantly higher in the schizophrenia group. In both clinical groups, dissociative experiences showed significant positive correlations with childhood trauma and maladaptive emotion regulation. However, the predictive patterns differed between the groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed that in schizophrenia, maladaptive emotion regulation (β = .47) was the strongest predictor of dissociation. In contrast, for major depressive disorder, childhood trauma (β = .66) emerged as the dominant predictor. While both childhood trauma and emotion regulation deficits are significant transdiagnostic predictors of dissociation, their relative contributions differ across disorders.

Conclusions

The findings support a dual-pathway model: in schizophrenia, dissociation may primarily reflect a breakdown in cognitive-emotional integration, whereas in major depressive disorder, it may function more as a secondary defense against trauma-related affective overload.

虽然童年创伤和适应不良情绪调节都与分离体验有关，但它们的相对重要性在精神疾病中可能有所不同。目的探讨童年创伤和情绪调节策略对精神分裂症和重度抑郁症分离体验的预测作用。方法采用横断面比较设计，共从临床环境中招募167名参与者（78名精神分裂症患者和89名重度抑郁症患者）。参与者完成了标准化的自我报告测量：分离体验量表（DES-II）、童年创伤问卷（CTQ-SF）和情绪调节问卷（CERQ）。数据分析采用双变量相关和多元回归分析。结果精神分裂症组分离体验水平明显高于精神分裂症组。在两个临床组中，分离经历与儿童创伤和情绪调节不良有显著的正相关。然而，两组之间的预测模式有所不同。多元回归分析显示，在精神分裂症中，适应不良情绪调节（β = 0.47）是分离的最强预测因子。相比之下，对于重度抑郁症，童年创伤（β = 0.66）成为主要的预测因子。虽然童年创伤和情绪调节缺陷都是解离的重要的跨诊断预测因素，但它们的相对贡献在不同的障碍中有所不同。结论：研究结果支持双重通路模型：在精神分裂症中，分离可能主要反映认知-情感整合的崩溃，而在重度抑郁症中，它可能更多地作为创伤相关情感过载的二级防御。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic polymorphisms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder after natural disaster exposure: a systematic review 自然灾害暴露后与创伤后应激障碍相关的遗传多态性：系统综述

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100629

Thelma Beatriz González-Castro , Jorge Arias de Dios , Jorge Luis Hernández-Vicencio , Daina Pérez-Ramírez , Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop , Yazmín Hernández-Díaz , Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza , Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate , María Lilia López-Narváez

Posttraumatic stress disorder involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Hurricanes, floods and earthquakes have been the most studied natural disasters over the years, due to the magnitude of the trauma they generate. It is, therefore, essential to clearly identify the risk polymorphisms which may potentially lead to PTSD among disaster survivors. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature to provide an overview of the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and PTSD risk in order to better understand post-disaster PTSD vulnerability. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. Eligibility review, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two authors. The methodological quality of the included studies was carefully assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Twenty-seven studies were included in this qualitative systematic review. The total number of participants across all studies was 21,213 individuals, comprising 17,799 PTSD patients and 3414 healthy controls. The majority of studies focused on earthquakes as the traumatic event. A total of 38 polymorphisms across 21 genes were reported as significantly altered in PTSD (SLC6A4, RGS2, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, CRHR1, CRHR2, ESR1, RORA, BDNF, GHRL, HCRTR1, COMT, DBH, ADCYAP1R1, OXTR, FKBP5, GHSR, TNF-RII, NPY2R, and NPY5R). This study provides a broad and detailed overview of risk genes for post-disaster PTSD

创伤后应激障碍涉及多种遗传和环境因素。飓风、洪水和地震是多年来研究最多的自然灾害，因为它们造成的创伤很大。因此，有必要明确识别可能导致灾难幸存者患PTSD的风险多态性。为了更好地理解灾后创伤后应激障碍的易感性，我们对相关文献进行了全面系统的综述，概述了遗传多态性与创伤后应激障碍风险之间的关系。文献检索在PubMed、Science Direct和Scopus数据库中进行。资格审查、数据提取和质量评估由两位作者完成。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）仔细评估纳入研究的方法学质量。本定性系统综述纳入了27项研究。所有研究的参与者总数为21213人，其中包括17799名PTSD患者和3414名健康对照者。大多数研究都把地震作为创伤性事件。共有21个基因的38个多态性（SLC6A4、RGS2、DRD2、DRD3、DRD4、CRHR1、CRHR2、ESR1、RORA、BDNF、GHRL、HCRTR1、COMT、DBH、ADCYAP1R1、OXTR、FKBP5、GHSR、TNF-RII、NPY2R和NPY5R）在PTSD中发生显著改变。这项研究为灾后PTSD的风险基因提供了广泛而详细的概述

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between BDNF blood levels and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis BDNF血液水平与创伤后应激障碍的关系：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100628

Thelma Beatriz González-Castro , Jorge Arias de Dios , Nimrod Torres-León , Jorge Luis Hernández-Vicencio , Daina Pérez-Ramírez , Yazmín Hernández-Díaz , David Ruiz-Ramos , Germán Alberto Nolasco-Rosales , Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop , Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate , Maria Lilia López-Narváez

Several studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurrence. However, this issue remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to investigate the role of BDNF in PTSD.

A systematic search and screening of relevant studies was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate effect sizes.

Twenty-five eligible studies with 1283 cases and 1739 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. No significant differences in BDNF blood levels were found between PTSD patients and healthy controls when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (pooled SMD=-0.016, 95% CI=-0.088 to 0.057, p = 0.668). Meanwhile, subgroup analyses also showed no significant differences in BDNF levels between cases group and controls.

The results of the meta-analysis indicate no significant association between BDNF blood levels and PTSD risk.

多项研究表明，脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生有关。然而，这个问题仍然存在争议。因此，我们进行了一项最新的荟萃分析，以调查BDNF在PTSD中的作用。在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行了相关研究的系统搜索和筛选。采用95%置信区间（ci）的标准化平均差异（SMDs）来评估效应大小。目前的荟萃分析纳入了25项符合条件的研究，包括1283例病例和1739例对照。将所有研究合并到meta分析中，PTSD患者与健康对照组血中BDNF水平无显著差异（合并SMD=-0.016, 95% CI=-0.088 ~ 0.057, p = 0.668）。同时，亚组分析也显示病例组与对照组之间BDNF水平无显著差异。荟萃分析结果显示BDNF血液水平与PTSD风险之间无显著关联。

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引用次数: 0

Silenced screams: Unveiling the unseen trauma of technology-facilitated child sexual abuse (TF-CSA) through Turkish educators’ perspectives 无声的尖叫：通过土耳其教育工作者的视角揭示技术促进的儿童性虐待（TF-CSA）的无形创伤

IF 1.9 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2026.100639

Ömer Gökhan Ulum

This study explores Turkish educators' awareness, preparedness, and intervention strategies regarding TF-CSA through a rigorously developed and validated survey administered to 346 educators across different fields and grade levels. The instrument underwent factor analysis (KMO = 0.81, Bartlett's test p < .001) and demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's α = .9734 for the total scale, with subscale reliabilities ranging from .7224 to .9261). Findings reveal that while educators acknowledge the psychological and academic consequences of TF-CSA, their capacity to intervene is limited by insufficient training (M = 2.13, SD = 1.11) and unclear institutional policies. Female (M = 2.25, SD = 0.56) and mid-career educators (36–40 years) exhibited significantly higher awareness and preparedness levels (p < .01). The study underscores the urgent need for structured TF-CSA training, standardised intervention protocols, and policy reforms to enhance educators' ability to safeguard children from digital exploitation.

本研究通过对不同领域和年级的346名教育工作者进行严格开发和验证的调查，探讨了土耳其教育工作者对TF-CSA的认识、准备和干预策略。本量表经因子分析（KMO = 0.81, Bartlett's检验p <； .001），具有较高的信度(总量表Cronbach's α = .9734，子量表信度范围为。7224到0.9261)。研究结果显示，虽然教育工作者承认TF-CSA的心理和学业后果，但他们的干预能力受到培训不足（M = 2.13, SD = 1.11）和机构政策不明确的限制。女性（M = 2.25, SD = 0.56）和职业中期教育者（36-40岁）的意识和准备水平显著高于女性（p < 0.01）。该研究强调，迫切需要结构化的TF-CSA培训、标准化的干预协议和政策改革，以提高教育工作者保护儿童免受数字剥削的能力。

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