European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) for treating complex trauma: A systematic review","authors":"Amélie Amilhau,&nbsp;Andréa Soubelet,&nbsp;Louise Crozier,&nbsp;Lisa Colamarino","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is an ongoing debate on phased versus single-phase treatments for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). This study evaluates Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR), a widely-used phase-based therapy, to determine its effectiveness for CPTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of English and French studies was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, utilizing databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Cochrane.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In a review of seven studies, STAIR therapy for CPTSD showed significant symptom reduction, with effect sizes ranging from <em>d</em> = 1.34 to 2.29 in clinician assessments and <em>d</em> = 0.93 to 2.27 in self-reports. Symptoms of Disturbances in Self-Organization also decreased in six studies, but comparisons with direct treatments gave varied results, suggesting a complex picture of its effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review affirms the utility of STAIR therapy in the context of phase-based treatment for CPTSD while also bringing to light the contrasting results compared to direct approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esketamine facilitate psychotherapies for Post-Traumatic stress disorder: A retrospective case series of six patients","authors":"Pascal Roullet ,&nbsp;Laure-Line Pons ,&nbsp;Pascale Delmas ,&nbsp;Célie Weber ,&nbsp;Philippe Raynaud de Prigny","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>medication-enhanced psychotherapies are increasingly used to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Esketamine, used in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), sounds very promising as a new treatment for PTSD. Thus, our main objective was to investigate whether Esketamine associated with psychotherapy could reduce symptoms of both depression and PTSD in patients with complex PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively collected clinical data of 6 patients receiving Esketamine nasal spray for TRD with comorbid PTSD. This treatment was always associated with a psychotherapy (supportive therapy, EMDR or hypnosis) and was prescribed twice then once per week during 24 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the different sessions, five patients exhibited a clear improvement in depression and the MADRS score decreased by an average of 12.6 points. For PTSD, all patients presented a clear reduction of their PCL-5 scores ranging from -10.5 to -46.5 points. Moreover, we observed that 3 different sub-scores of the PCL-5 (re-experiencing, negative alteration of cognition and mood and hyper arousal) decreased significantly during sessions, but it was not the case for the avoidance sub-score.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Esketamine treatment associated with psychotherapies appears promising in patients with resistant complex PTSD and TRD. However, these encouraging results need to be confirmed in a standardized study with a larger sample size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent and psychotherapist views of psychosocial factors in Dissociative Neurological Symptom Disorder: A mixed-method study","authors":"Nikita Bhati ,&nbsp;Rachna Bhargava ,&nbsp;Rajesh Sagar ,&nbsp;R K Chadda","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The existing etiological understanding of Dissociative Neurological Symptom Disorder in adolescents often overlooks socio-cultural variations, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive frameworks.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study explores key psychosocial factors associated with Dissociative Neurological Symptom Disorder in adolescents, comparing these factors with perspectives from psychotherapists working within an Indian psychiatric context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a Cross-sectional research design with a Convergent parallel mixed-method approach. Twenty (<em>n</em> = 20) adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years and thirteen (<em>n</em> = 13) psychotherapists were recruited to complete the study procedures. This resulted in two distinct datasets. For the quantitative aspect, adolescent participants underwent assessment through a semi-structured interview schedule and objective psychological measures. The qualitative facet involved in-depth interviews with psychotherapists, guided by a comprehensive interview guide. We first analysed findings separately and later integrated them in accordance with Creswell, 2015.</div></div><div><h3>Main Findings</h3><div>The quantitative analysis of 20 adolescents (mean age = 16.50) revealed that most were girls (90 %) from lower or lower-middle-class families, with 90 % reporting significant life stressors. Common issues included sexual harassment or abuse (45 %), parental conflicts (45 %) and deficits in family communication (75 %). Nearly half of adolescents (45 %) faced school changes last year, with 40 % reporting past academic struggles, underscoring adaptation challenges. The qualitative analysis of the psychosocial characteristics unveiled a notable influence of multifaceted stressors on the adolescent population. The analysis of psychotherapist participants underscores the intricate interplay between five psychosocial factors namely, 1) coping mechanisms, 2) traumatic experiences, 3) interpersonal/familial conflicts, 4) academic stress, and 5) cultural aspects in shaping adolescents' illness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>: Our findings suggest the multifarious nature of stressors, highlighting the significance of employing a biopsychosocial approach when dealing with adolescents affected by DNSD. Furthermore, these results have implications for cultivating an aetiological understanding that is both developmentally and culturally tailored, thus influencing the focus of interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing post-traumatic stress disorder among paramedics on the frontlines at the saudi red crescent","authors":"Fayez Mutairan Alanazi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohammed Alobaid ,&nbsp;Abdullah Obaid Alanazi ,&nbsp;Hazza Qessam Al Otaibi ,&nbsp;Saud Abdulmajeed Jaser ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Muteb Alanazi ,&nbsp;Faisal Ayed Alanazi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric condition resulting from exposure to intense stress or traumatic experiences, particularly prevalent among emergency medical services (EMS) providers. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of PTSD among frontline paramedics at the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) across various regions of Saudi Arabia. A total of 409 paramedics, selected using a stratified sampling technique for regional and gender representation, participated. PTSD was assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Invitations were sent via email within SRCA facilities, and the study was conducted online to ensure wide participation. Ethical approval was granted on December 12, 2023.</div><div>The sample was predominantly male (95.6 %) and aged 30–39 years, with most holding a diploma or college degree. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) constituted 72.1 % of the sample, and 64.8 % had over 10 years of experience. The overall PTSD prevalence was 49.6 %. Logistic regression analysis identified significant associations between PTSD prevalence and occupation, as well as years of experience. EMTs had higher odds of experiencing PTSD (adjusted OR = 1.85), and those with more than 10 years of service showed an increased likelihood of PTSD (adjusted OR = 1.45). The most notable PTSD symptoms were negative changes in perception and mood, followed by hyper-arousal and re-experiencing traumatic events.</div><div>These findings highlight the high prevalence of PTSD among SRCA paramedics and underscore the critical need for targeted mental health support and interventions to enhance the psychological well-being and resilience of paramedics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are all PTSD cases complex PTSD? Results from a latent profile analysis","authors":"Bertin F ,&nbsp;Clarys D ,&nbsp;Tapia G ,&nbsp;Chami L ,&nbsp;El-Hage W ,&nbsp;Vancappel A","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recently, the ICD-11 has proposed the existence of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). However, empirical studies present conflictual results regarding a clear distinction between PTSD and C-PTSD. The aim of this study is to replicate previous works to shed light on the debate related to the distinction between PTSD and C-PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We recruited 115 patients (97 women, 18 men) suffering from PTSD consecutively during consultations at the trauma center. After providing consent, they filled out multiple questionnaires, including the International Trauma Questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) identified four distinct latent classes that differed primarily in terms of the intensity of symptoms rather than the presence of specific symptoms. The classes were: (1) Severe C-PTSD, (2) Moderate C-PTSD, (3) Imbalanced C-PTSD, and (4) Low PTSD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Within our sample, we did not successfully distinguish patients suffering from PTSD and C-PTSD. Every patient seemed to suffer from C-PTSD except those with low PTSD symptoms. This supports a more dimensional understanding of patients suffering from PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agressions sexuelles, traumas relationnels précoces et processus de mentalisation d'adolescentes en contexte de protection de l'enfance","authors":"Jessica Duclos ,&nbsp;Miguel M. Terradas ,&nbsp;Michel-Alexandre Rioux ,&nbsp;Lorie-Anne Jeffrey","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Childhood sexual abuse, particularly intrafamilial (ICSA), has numerous negative repercussions, especially in the context of early relational traumas (ERT). These traumatic events can impair the development of psychic processes, notably mentalization. This capacity is essential for interpreting behaviors in terms of mental states (e.g., intentions, affects, thoughts), which are mental representations of oneself and others.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the mental representations of adolescent girls aged 13 to 17 who have experienced ICSA in an ERT context and to better understand the underlying mentalizing processes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted based on the narratives of four adolescent girls, derived from the Child Attachment Interview, a semi-structured interview that explores relationships with primary caregivers and mentalizing processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IPA reveals four main themes illustrated by cinematographic metaphors. First, through images, they express a need to protect themselves from bodily and affective intrusions that disrupt access to mentalizing processes. Second, the body plays a significant role in their relational experiences, profoundly influencing their interactions and self-perception. Third, in the absence of reliable relations and with a fragile sense of self, they often feel insufficient and invalidated, perceiving themselves as de-vitalized objects in the eyes of their aggressors. Finally, the adolescents maintain a hope for repair, seeking to rebuild themselves through the changes they experience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results provide access to the complex and unique representations of adolescent girls who have experienced ICSA in the context of ERT and help to understand the processes underlying their relational experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of posttraumatic growth identified from person-centered analyses: A systematic review","authors":"Emma Gendre ,&nbsp;Andrea Soubelet ,&nbsp;Stacey Callahan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Struggling with a highly stressful or traumatic event can lead to the development of posttraumatic growth (PTG); yet this construct lacks a theoretical consensus. The Janus-Face model incorporates two forms of perceived PTG, constructive and illusory. To examine clinical heterogeneity in PTG, this systematic review aims to identify measurement of illusory PTG, growth trajectories from person-centered analyses, variations by event type, and transitions over time. A search for studies published between 1996 and 2023 was carried out using four databases (PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the eighteen studies included, eight considered real and illusory PTG, evaluating them indirectly through various measures: PTG, coping, functioning, or distress. Fifteen studies conducted with adults and three with children named PTG trajectories according to the evolution of the level of growth (stable, increasing, decreasing PTG) or according to characteristics such as PTG levels, distress, coping, resources (constructive, illusory, distressed, struggling, resistant PTG). Trajectory inclusion of high or increasing PTG is determined by factors such as sociodemographic variables, perceived distress, active coping, or social support. Trajectories varied by event type and sample, with chronically ill patients showing complex patterns while earthquake-surviving children mostly high PTG. Additionally, trajectory transitions were observed less than two years post-event. The results suggest that perceived growth can take multiple forms that evolve over time. Developing this type of study by integrating different events and additional processes would improve understanding of perceived PTG and provide insight for adaptive interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion dysregulation, dissociation, and borderline personality disorder symptoms as correlates of maladaptive daydreaming in a general sample: The crucial role of experiential avoidance","authors":"Julia Celban,&nbsp;Ari Nowacki","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is defined as a long-hour fantasizing that disrupts the individual's daily functioning and enables an escape from unpleasant internal experiences. Previous studies indicate the significant role of daydreaming in emotion dysregulation. Considering the emotionality in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD), it can be assumed that MD functions as one of the strategies for coping with emotions in this group. The study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of MD with BPD symptoms. Additionally, the study will examine the role of BPD symptoms, experiential avoidance (EA), emotion dysregulation, and dissociation in the maintenance of MD. The sample included 167 adults (136 women, 28 men, 3 other/non-binary). MD symptoms correlated positively with BPD symptoms, dissociation, emotion dysregulation, and experiential avoidance. Two models explaining the symptoms of MD were compared. Model 1 did not include EA - after adding this variable, the fit of model 2 increased (SRMR = 0.095). EA predicted emotional dysregulation and dissociation, which in turn explained MD symptoms. The results allow for clinical cues for specialists and interventions focused on developing acceptance in treating MD and BPD symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traits de personnalité limite en émergence, empathie et comportements intériorisés et extériorisés chez les enfants maltraités","authors":"Anne-Laurence Bastarache ,&nbsp;Emy Marceau ,&nbsp;Juliette St-Onge ,&nbsp;Olivier Didier ,&nbsp;Miguel M. Terradas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Some studies suggest that emerging borderline personality traits (EBPD) are linked to childhood maltreatment and that the presence of empathy difficulties and internalized and externalized behaviors are associated with them. Since most children housed in Youth Protection Centers (YPC) have been victims of maltreatment, they appear to be at greater risk of developing these difficulties compared to children from the general population and those consulting a psychologist.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study compares these three groups regarding EBPD, empathy (cognitive, affective, global), and internalized and externalized behaviors. It also aims to verify the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between EBPD and externalized behaviors. Method. One hundred and sixteen children aged 6 to 12 were divided into three groups: 35 housed in Youth Protection Centers, 42 consulting in psychology, and 39 from the general population. Children and caregivers responded to separate questionnaires measuring the various variables under study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between children housed in YPC and those in the general population regarding EBPD, self-reported global empathy, and internalized and externalized behaviors. Global empathy also seems to moderate the relationship between EBPD and externalized behaviors when assessed by children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results would make it possible to target variables to consider during interventions with children with EBPD to avoid the consolidation of their EBPD traits into adult borderline personality disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tribute to Daniel P. Brown, Ph.D.–1948-2022","authors":"D. Corydon Hammond (Professor Emeritus)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}