Desalination最新文献_第10页

The heat treatment of mixed matrix membranes induced by 2D nanosheets for improved nanofiltration 二维纳米片诱导混合基质膜热处理以改善纳滤

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119763

Xiaoqin Yan , Yan Wang , Changjie Chen , Chaoyue Yang , Xiaoqian Luo , Chuanjie Fang , Shuai Wang

High-precision separation is critically important in a wide range of fields including water treatment, chemical processing, and energy systems. However, conventional polymeric nanofiltration membranes are still constrained by the inherent trade-off between selectivity and permeability. In this work, we present a two-step strategy for fabricating a mixed-matrix nanofiltration membrane that simultaneously achieves high flux and high selectivity. First, hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were uniformly incorporated in situ into a poly(ether sulfone) (PES) ultrafiltration membrane via non-solvent-induced phase separation. The resulting membrane was then subjected to thermal annealing near its glass-transition temperature to activate segmental chain motion and induce controlled pore narrowing, thereby enabling efficient molecular sieving. Detailed studies on the thermal annealing process have shown that, compared with PES ultrafiltration (PES-UF) membranes, the introduction of GO nanosheets can increase the internal heat conduction rate of the membrane, enable the molecular chains to respond rapidly, and effectively reduce the shrinkage cavity temperature and time. In addition, the abundant oxygen-containing groups on the surface of GO nanosheets increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane and enhance its water permeability. As expected, the membrane obtained (PES-GO-NF membrane) has a high rejection for both organic molecules with a molecular weight of approximately 600 Da and salt ions, while maintaining a water permeability of 14.5 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, which is 1.7 times higher than that of the pristine PES nanofiltration (PES-NF) membrane. This work provides a new path for the preparation of high-performance separation membranes.

高精度分离在包括水处理、化学加工和能源系统在内的广泛领域至关重要。然而，传统的聚合物纳滤膜仍然受到选择性和渗透性之间固有权衡的限制。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种两步法制备混合基质纳滤膜的策略，同时实现高通量和高选择性。首先，通过非溶剂诱导相分离将亲水性氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片均匀地原位掺入聚醚砜（PES）超滤膜中。然后将所得膜在其玻璃化转变温度附近进行热退火，以激活片段链运动并诱导受控的孔缩小，从而实现高效的分子筛分。对热退火工艺的详细研究表明，与PES超滤（PES- uf）膜相比，引入氧化石墨烯纳米片可以提高膜的内部热传导率，使分子链响应迅速，有效降低缩孔温度和时间。此外，氧化石墨烯纳米片表面丰富的含氧基团增加了膜的亲水性，提高了膜的透水性。正如预期的那样，得到的膜（PES- go - nf膜）对分子量约为600 Da的有机分子和盐离子都有很高的截留能力，同时保持14.5 L m−2 h−1 bar−1的透水性，这是原始PES纳滤膜（PES- nf）的1.7倍。本研究为制备高性能分离膜提供了一条新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonically engineered bionic porous nanofiber evaporator for solar-driven photothermal–photocatalytic synergy in desalination and dye degradation 超声工程仿生多孔纳米纤维蒸发器，用于太阳能驱动的光热-光催化协同脱盐和染料降解

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119762

Xinxin Yu , Meng Xia , Qiuyi Bao , Zhihuan Xiao , Yuzhen Zhao , Mingzhong Wei , Yongpeng Li , Zhuyin Sui , Qi Chen

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation provides a cost-effective and sustainable strategy for clean water production. Fibrous evaporators fabricated via spinning techniques are promising due to their facile fabrication and scalability. However, conventional blending methods tend to encapsulate functional components within polymer matrices, leading to poor surface accessibility and reduced interfacial efficiency. To overcome this issue, we propose a bioinspired fibrous membrane evaporator (TCPSM), prepared from TpBD@CNT/PAN/MMT (TpBD-based covalent organic framework@carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile/montmorillonite) via ultrasonic etching. The incorporation of montmorillonite as a sacrificial template and subsequent ultrasonic treatment effectively construct hierarchical pores and expose embedded TpBD@CNT domains, thereby improving surface accessibility and active-site utilization. Benefiting from the hierarchical architecture, the TCPSM evaporator exhibits strong solar absorption (97.6 %) and a high evaporation rate (2.13 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹) under one sun illumination. Meanwhile, the exposed active sites enable efficient degradation of azo dyes under visible light. This work presents a feasible strategy for constructing multifunctional photothermal membranes with maximized active-site exposure and enhanced interfacial performance, holding promise for integrated solar desalination and wastewater remediation.

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发为清洁水的生产提供了一种具有成本效益和可持续的策略。通过纺丝技术制造的纤维蒸发器由于其易于制造和可扩展性而很有前途。然而，传统的共混方法倾向于将功能组分封装在聚合物基体中，导致表面可及性差，界面效率降低。为了克服这一问题，我们提出了一种仿生纤维膜蒸发器（TCPSM），该蒸发器由TpBD@CNT/PAN/MMT （tpbd基共价有机framework@carbon纳米管/聚丙烯腈/蒙脱土）通过超声波刻蚀制备。蒙脱土作为牺牲模板的掺入和随后的超声处理有效地构建了分层孔隙，暴露了嵌入的TpBD@CNT结构域，从而提高了表面可达性和活性位点的利用率。得益于层次化结构，TCPSM蒸发器在一次光照下具有很强的太阳吸收率（97.6%）和较高的蒸发速率（2.13 kg·m−2·h−1）。同时，暴露的活性位点使偶氮染料在可见光下有效降解。这项工作提出了一种可行的策略来构建多功能光热膜，具有最大的活性位点暴露和增强的界面性能，有望集成太阳能脱盐和废水修复。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic field-assisted pulse chromatography for simultaneous in situ extraction of uranium and lithium from salt lake 磁场辅助脉冲色谱法同时原位提取盐湖中铀和锂

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119750

Yuxiang Li , Tao Yu , Yujie Fu , Yingying Jing , Jinhao Zhao

Salt lake is a vast resource treasure trove, and separating and extracting metal resources salt lake water can effectively alleviate energy shortage. This study developed an automated pulsed liquid chromatography separation device assisted by magnetic field for efficient extraction of uranium and lithium from salt lake water. The device adopts a unique liquid flow-air-liquid flow dynamic pulse injection mechanism, and uses a 10-m chromatographic column filled with polymethyl methacrylate pellets (average diameter: 1.0 mm) to provide multiple effective separation units, significantly improving separation efficiency. With superior acid and alkali resistance, the column remains functional after enduring over 6000 salt lake water pulses, manifesting a long service life and remarkable cyclability. By optimizing magnetic field assistance, simultaneous separation and extraction of uranium and lithium from in-situ salt lake water were finally achieved with a ring magnet, and the axial “S-N" type magnetic field of the magnetic ring is most conducive to realizing the simultaneous extraction of uranium and lithium. Experimental results show the magnesium‑lithium separation factor is 1.202 and uranium‑lithium separation factor is 1.088; theoretically, a solution with a magnesium‑lithium ratio of 200 can be reduced to 20 through only 13 separation stages. Columns packed with glass pellets were compared to explore functional group effects and verify liquid membrane existence. The ion movement mechanism on the packing surface under the combined action of magnetic field and liquid membrane was analyzed in depth. This study shows magnetic-field-assisted pulsed chromatography boosts uranium‑lithium co-extraction from salt lakes, providing new insights for related industrial use.

盐湖是一个巨大的资源宝库，分离提取盐湖水体中的金属资源可以有效缓解能源短缺。研究了一种磁场辅助下的自动脉冲液相色谱分离装置，用于从盐湖水中高效提取铀和锂。该设备采用独特的液流-气液流动态脉冲进样机构，采用10-m色谱柱填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球（平均直径1.0 mm），提供多个有效分离单元，显著提高分离效率。具有优异的耐酸碱性能，经过6000多次盐湖水脉冲后仍能正常工作，使用寿命长，循环性能好。通过优化磁场辅助，最终利用环形磁体实现了原位盐湖水中铀锂的同时分离提取，磁环的轴向“S-N”型磁场最有利于实现铀锂的同时提取。实验结果表明，镁锂分离系数为1.202，铀锂分离系数为1.088；理论上，镁锂比为200的溶液可以通过13个分离阶段降至20。用玻璃球填充柱进行比较，探索官能团效应，验证液膜的存在。深入分析了磁场和液膜共同作用下填料表面离子的运动机理。这项研究表明，磁场辅助脉冲色谱法促进了盐湖中铀锂的共萃取，为相关工业应用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The phosphonic acid based extraction-precipitation strategy for recovering Li from Li2CO3 precipitated mother liquor 磷酸基萃取-沉淀法从Li2CO3沉淀母液中回收锂

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119755

Hepeng Zhang , Yun Gao , Zhong Tian , Tong Li , Zhihui Feng , Xiaoqi Sun

The conventional treatment of Li₂CO₃ precipitated mother liquor (LPML) faced several challenges, including high lithium (Li) loss, large circulation volume, and low purity of Li₂CO₃ product. The use of NaF or Na₃PO₄ was proposed as an alternative method for selectively precipitating Li from LPML. However, it suffered from issues such as low Li precipitation efficiency and a large amount of wastewater containing F and P. Moreover, NaF and Na₃PO₄ cannot be reused, resulting in increased reagent costs.

In this article, 5 monoalkylphosphonic acids and 1 monoalkylphosphonate ester were investigated for Li precipitation and Li/Na/K separation. Among the precipitants, tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) exhibited the best Li selectivity, with P residue below 1 mg/L and easy stripping. Under optimal conditions, TDPA achieved over 98 % Li precipitation from LPML, while Na precipitation remained below 0.3 %. The Li precipitates was stripped using 3 mol/L H₂SO₄ to obtain a stripping solution with Li concentration over 20 g/L and a stripping efficiency above 99.8 %. The regenerated TDPA could be reused for Li selective precipitation. After neutralization of the stripping solution with CaCO₃ and impurity removal via ion-exchange resin, high-purity Li₂CO₃ (99.79 %) was obtained through Na₂CO₃ precipitation. This study has established an extraction-precipitation process based on TDPA with the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, and sustainability, providing a new strategy for industrial Li recovery.

常规处理Li2CO3沉淀母液（LPML）面临锂（Li）损失高、循环体积大、Li2CO3产品纯度低等挑战。提出了用NaF或Na3PO4选择性地从LPML中析出Li的替代方法。但存在Li沉淀效率低、含F、p废水量大等问题，且NaF和Na3PO4不能重复利用，导致试剂成本增加。本文研究了5种单烷基膦酸和1种单烷基膦酸酯对Li沉淀和Li/Na/K分离的影响。沉淀剂中，十四烷基膦酸（TDPA）对Li的选择性最好，P残留量低于1 mg/L，易溶出。在最佳条件下，TDPA可使LPML中Li的析出率达到98%以上，而Na的析出率保持在0.3%以下。用3 mol/L H2SO4对析出的Li进行剥离，得到Li浓度大于20 g/L、剥离效率大于99.8%的剥离液。再生的TDPA可重复用于Li选择性沉淀。溶出液经CaCO3中和，离子交换树脂除杂后，通过Na2CO3沉淀得到纯度为99.79%的Li2CO3。本研究建立了一种高效、节能、可持续的TDPA提取沉淀工艺，为工业回收锂提供了新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental assessment of stirring effects in freeze desalination of brackish and seawater 半咸淡水和海水冷冻脱盐搅拌效果的实验评价

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119757

Muhammad I. Rashad , Taha A. Elaghoury , Youssef Mohab , Lama A. Elsdeek , A.M. Kader , Shehab Ahmed , Mohamed A. Farahat

This study investigates the effect of stirring and freezing termination conditions on the performance of a batch Freeze Desalination (FD) system operating with brackish water (15,000 ppm) and seawater (40,000 ppm). To provide a comprehensive assessment of process efficiency, a new Composite Performance Index (CPI) is introduced, which integrates Recovery Ratio (RR), Salt Rejection (SR), and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) into a single performance metric. A vapor compression refrigeration cycle was employed, and experiments were conducted under both static conditions and with mechanical stirring at 10, 20, and 30 rpm. At 30 rpm, brackish water achieved a maximum RR of 38.6 %, SR of 90.9 %, and a CPI of 12.2, compared to 35.5 %, 79.7 %, and 9.8 under static conditions, respectively. For seawater, stirring at 30 rpm increased RR from 23.8 % to 27.9 % and reduced product salinity from 1857 ppm to 1253 ppm, while SEC dropped from 908.1 to 432.4 kWh/m³. Additionally, the freezing process was extended in some cases until the brine reached twice the feed salinity, which further improved performance. At 30 rpm, increasing the cutoff salinity from 1.5× to 2× raised RR from 38.6 % to 51.6 % and CPI from 12.2 to 21.2, while SEC decreased from 286.5 to 221.4 kWh/m³. These results demonstrate that both stirring and extended freezing can significantly enhance system performance and water quality, offering practical strategies to improve FD efficiency under varying salinity conditions.

本研究考察了搅拌和冻结终止条件对在微咸水（15,000 ppm）和海水（40,000 ppm）条件下运行的间歇式冷冻脱盐（FD）系统性能的影响。为了提供对工艺效率的综合评估，引入了一种新的综合性能指数（CPI），它将回收率（RR）、除盐率（SR）和比能耗（SEC）整合到一个单一的性能指标中。采用蒸汽压缩制冷循环，在静态条件下和10、20和30 rpm的机械搅拌下进行了实验。在30rpm时，微咸水的最大RR为38.6%，SR为90.9%，CPI为12.2，而在静态条件下分别为35.5%，79.7%和9.8。对于海水，以30 rpm搅拌可将RR从23.8%提高到27.9%，将产品盐度从1857 ppm降低到1253 ppm，而SEC从908.1 kWh/m3下降到432.4 kWh/m3。此外，在某些情况下，冷冻过程被延长，直到盐水达到饲料盐度的两倍，这进一步提高了性能。在30 rpm时，将截止矿化度从1.5×提高到2×，使RR从38.6%提高到51.6%，CPI从12.2提高到21.2，而SEC从286.5降低到221.4 kWh/m3。这些结果表明，搅拌和延长冻结都能显著提高系统性能和水质，为在不同盐度条件下提高FD效率提供了实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Configuring 5TiO2·2H2O/C composite-type adsorbents for effectively recovering Li+ from original Salt Lake brines 配置5TiO2·2H2O/C复合吸附剂，有效回收盐湖原始盐水中的Li+

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119758

Xuemei Zhuo , Chunxi Hai , Yanxia Sun , Shengde Dong , Luxiang Ma , Xin He , Qi Xu , Masayoshi Fuji , Takashi Shirai , Yuan Zhou

Spinel-structured titanium‑lithium adsorbents have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently recovering Li⁺ from Salt Lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio, owing to their stable structure, minimal dissolution loss, and excellent cycling stability. However, their practical application remains limited due to low adsorption capacity and prolonged equilibration times. In this study, we developed a novel 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents, synthesized by eluting Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C precursors with 0.15 mol/L HCl, which exhibits high adsorption capacity and minimal dissolution loss. Under optimal conditions, the 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents reached adsorption equilibrium within 5 h at 60 °C in a 600 ppm LiOH solution, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.84 mg/g and a titanium dissolution loss of only 0.29 %. The adsorption selectivity of the 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents was found to be strongly pH-dependent. In a 170 ppm Li⁺ solution, the adsorbents demonstrated superior cycling stability in original Salt Lake brines, outperforming those in LiCl and Li₂SO₄ solutions. This study provides valuable insights into the formation and mechanisms of action of these adsorbents, offering significant implications for the efficient recovery of Li⁺ from various brines.

尖晶石结构的钛锂吸附剂由于其稳定的结构、最小的溶解损失和优异的循环稳定性，已成为从高Mg/Li比的盐湖盐水中高效回收Li+的有前途的解决方案。然而，由于吸附能力低和平衡时间长，它们的实际应用仍然受到限制。在本研究中，我们开发了一种新型的5TiO2·2H2O/C吸附剂，以0.15 mol/L的HCl洗脱Li4Ti5O12/C前驱体，具有较高的吸附容量和最小的溶解损失。在最佳条件下，5TiO2·2H2O/C吸附剂在600 ppm LiOH溶液中，在60℃条件下5 h内达到吸附平衡，最大吸附量为41.84 mg/g，钛溶解损失仅为0.29%。5TiO2·2H2O/C吸附剂的吸附选择性对ph值有很强的依赖性。在170 ppm的Li+溶液中，吸附剂在原始盐湖盐水中表现出优越的循环稳定性，优于LiCl和Li2SO4溶液。该研究为这些吸附剂的形成和作用机制提供了有价值的见解，为从各种盐水中有效回收Li+提供了重要的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mn–MOF–74 coupled with biochar derived from chestnut shell for catalytic electrochemical oxidation in a peroxymonosulfate system to degrade metformin Mn-MOF-74与栗子壳生物炭在过氧单硫酸盐体系中催化电化学氧化降解二甲双胍

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119746

Thi-Kim-Tuyen Nguyen , Thanh-Binh Nguyen , Chiu-Wen Chen , Wei-Hsin Chen , Thai Van Anh , Shuchen Hsieh , Cheng-Di Dong

Metformin (MET), one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is now frequently detected in aquatic environments, raising concerns about its ecological impact. Here, we report a robust Mn–MOF–74@CB composite prepared by anchoring Mn–MOF–74 onto chestnut shell–derived biochar to enhance structural stability and catalytic efficiency. In an electrochemically assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system, the Mn–MOF–74@CB catalyst achieved >80 % MET removal under optimized conditions with low energy input. The material showed excellent reusability and structural integrity, with manganese leaching remaining below U.S. EPA safety limits across successive cycles. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that degradation proceeded predominantly through non-radical pathways involving singlet oxygen (¹O₂), superoxide radical (O₂^•−), and high-valent manganese-oxo species (Mn^V=O), rather than classical hydroxyl (HO^•) or sulfate (SO₄^•−) radicals. Ecotoxicity assays using Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 confirmed reduced toxicity after treatment, while 3D excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy indicated extensive mineralization without accumulation of harmful intermediates. These results highlight the Mn–MOF–74@CB/PMS/EO system as an energy-efficient, stable, and environmentally benign platform for advanced removal of metformin from contaminated waters.

二甲双胍（Metformin， MET）是最广泛使用的降糖药之一，现在在水生环境中经常被检测到，这引起了人们对其生态影响的关注。在这里，我们报道了一种坚固的Mn-MOF - 74@CB复合材料，通过将Mn-MOF - 74锚定在栗子壳衍生的生物炭上，以提高结构稳定性和催化效率。在电化学辅助过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）活化体系中，Mn-MOF - 74@CB催化剂在优化条件下以低能量输入实现了80%的MET去除率。该材料表现出优异的可重复使用性和结构完整性，锰浸出在连续循环中保持低于美国环保署的安全限制。机理分析表明，降解主要通过非自由基途径进行，包括单线态氧（1O2）、超氧自由基（O2•−）和高价锰氧（MnV=O），而不是经典的羟基（HO•）或硫酸盐（SO4•−）自由基。用小球藻Kh12进行的生态毒性试验证实，处理后毒性降低，而3D激发发射基质（EEM）荧光光谱显示，矿化广泛，没有有害中间体的积累。这些结果表明，Mn-MOF - 74@CB/PMS/EO系统是一种节能、稳定、环保的平台，可用于从污染水中深度去除二甲双胍。

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引用次数: 0

Diamine grafted poly (acrylonitrile-co-glycidyl methacrylate) membranes for separation permeance and fouling mitigation: Role of diamine molecular weight 二胺接枝聚丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯膜的分离、渗透和减少污染：二胺分子量的作用

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119745

Jian Li , Yuanqi Liu , Tianyu Tang , Yanxun Guo , Fei Liu , Zhenyu Zhao

Amine-based grafting is an easy method to increase polymeric membrane rejection and antifouling properties. However, the effect of diamine molecular weight on the membrane separation and antifouling performance remains poorly understood. Herein, in this study, poly (acrylonitrile-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(AN-co-GMA)) membranes were grafted using 5 linear aliphatic diamines with varying molecular weights (i.e., ethylenediamine, butanediamine, hexanediamine, octanediamine, and decanediamine) for dye removal and fouling mitigation. In addition to a comprehensive characterization of membrane physicochemical structures, long-term (72 h) filtration was performed with 4 dye solutions to probe the membrane separation characteristics. Furthermore, membrane antifouling performance was characterized via permeance recovery rate by filtrating bovine serum albumin and humic acid solutions. Our results showed that the hydrophilicity, negative surface charge, and pore size of the P(AN-co-GMA) membrane surface decreased with increasing diamine molecular weight, while the membrane surface roughness and rejection increased. Notably, the increase of diamine molecular weight did not significantly influence membrane porosities. Further increasing diamine molecular weight offered limited rejection enhancement while decreasing membrane permeance. Octanediamine-grafting significantly enhanced P(AN-co-GMA) membrane rejection (99.2 % for Congo red, 99.2 % for Methyl blue, 91.7 % for Neutral red, and 90.2 % for Methyl violet) while maintaining a relatively high pure water permeance (120 LMH/bar). Notably, the membrane with a reduced pore size showed an enhanced permeance recovery rate (>90 % in each cycle) and reduced irreversible fouling, with values of 8.51 % for bovine serum albumin and 9.35 % for humic acid, suggesting that a constricted pore structure could mitigate irreversible fouling formation inside the membrane matrix.

胺基接枝是提高聚合物膜截留性能和防污性能的一种简便方法。然而，二胺分子量对膜分离和防污性能的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用5种不同分子量的直线型脂肪族二胺（乙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺、辛二胺和癸二胺）接枝聚丙烯腈-共甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（P(AN-co-GMA)）膜，以去除染料和减轻污垢。除了对膜的物理化学结构进行全面表征外，还对4种染料溶液进行了长时间（72 h）过滤，以探测膜的分离特性。此外，通过过滤牛血清白蛋白和腐植酸溶液的渗透回收率来表征膜的防污性能。结果表明，P（AN-co-GMA）膜的亲水性、表面负电荷和孔径随二胺分子量的增加而减小，膜表面粗糙度和截留率增加。值得注意的是，二胺分子量的增加对膜孔隙率没有显著影响。进一步增加二胺的分子量可以有限地增强排斥反应，同时降低膜透性。辛烷二胺接枝显著提高了P（AN-co-GMA）膜的去除率（刚果红99.2%，甲基蓝99.2%，中性红91.7%，甲基紫90.2%），同时保持了较高的纯水透过率（120 LMH/bar）。值得注意的是，缩小孔径的膜具有增强的渗透回收率（每次循环90%）和减少不可逆污垢的能力，其中牛血清白蛋白和腐植酸的渗透率分别为8.51%和9.35%，这表明收缩的孔隙结构可以减轻膜基质内部不可逆污垢的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Routes for reuse of aged pressure-driven membranes: Current status and future perspectives 老化压力驱动膜的再利用途径：现状与未来展望

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119690

Fábio Ivan Seibel , Vandré Barbosa Brião , Samarah Graciola , Maxime Pontié , Ahmed Hannachi , Mehri Shabani , Eby Mohamedou Alyoun , M Hasan Shaheed

The rapid expansion of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination generates millions of end-of-life (EoL) membrane elements each year, most of which are still landfilled. This review examines the technical and practical routes available to divert these polymers from disposal, while also refining the existing hierarchy of membrane reuse. The analysis encompasses temporary storage, rewetting, cleaning, direct reuse, recycling, and upcycling, providing a comprehensive framework that connects laboratory findings with practical implementation. Chlorine-based oxidation—especially NaClO—emerges as the most mature option, reliably converting EoL RO modules into ultrafiltration- or nanofiltration-like membranes with viable costs (∼US$ 8 per element). Upcycling methods such as layer-by-layer coatings, interfacial polymerization, and ion-exchange grafting widen functionality but remain lab-scale, hindered by adhesion, fouling, and scale-up barriers. Standardized protocols, long-term field data, and supportive business models are now critical for industrial adoption and circular water management. This review also assessed the maturity of each technique, noting that most strategies are not yet ready for larger-scale deployment, and it introduces a quantitative bibliometric map of the field and proposes an expanded, processual hierarchy tailored to pressure-driven membranes. By coupling evidence-based literature analytics with an updated ordering of EoL options (prioritized direct reuse, staged RO → NF → UF conversion, advanced upcycling, and pre-disposal material recovery), the paper provides a novel, actionable framework for closing the loop in membrane technology.

随着反渗透（RO）海水淡化的迅速发展，每年都会产生数百万个报废（EoL）膜元件，其中大部分仍被填埋。这篇综述探讨了技术和实用的路线，可用于转移这些聚合物的处置，同时也完善了现有的膜再利用层次。分析包括临时储存、再润湿、清洁、直接再利用、回收和升级回收，提供了一个将实验室发现与实际实施联系起来的综合框架。氯基氧化-特别是naclo -成为最成熟的选择，可靠地将EoL RO模块转化为超滤或纳滤膜，成本可行（每个元件约8美元）。升级回收方法，如逐层涂层、界面聚合和离子交换接枝，扩大了功能，但仍处于实验室规模，受到粘附、污垢和放大障碍的阻碍。标准化协议、长期现场数据和支持性商业模式现在对工业应用和循环水管理至关重要。本综述还评估了每种技术的成熟度，指出大多数策略尚未准备好进行大规模部署，并介绍了该领域的定量文献计量图，并提出了针对压力驱动膜的扩展的过程层次结构。通过将循证文献分析与EoL选项的更新顺序（优先直接再利用、分级RO→NF→UF转化、高级升级回收和预处理材料回收）相结合，本文为膜技术的闭环提供了一个新颖的、可操作的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into singlet‑oxygen-driven Fenton-like system using 2D/2D MXene/ZnFe-LDH heterostructure for ciprofloxacin removal 利用2D/2D MXene/ZnFe-LDH异质结构研究单重态氧驱动类芬顿体系去除环丙沙星的机理

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119739

Soyeon Kim , Yuri Park , Doo-Hee Lee , Dimuthu Wijethunge , Aijun Du , Yuhoon Hwang

To address the widespread occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water, which poses serious risks to both public health and environmental safety, a novel and environmentally benign MXene with ZnFe-LDH (MX@LDH) 2D/2D heterogeneous catalyst was developed for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). First, we developed the MXene preparation method, including nitric acid treatment, to remove the fluorine residuals caused by the conventional hydrochloric acid and lithium fluoride method and to introduce oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, ZnFe-LDH was successfully immobilized onto the MXene surface via a co-precipitation method, enabling the formation of a 2D/2D heterostructure. MX@LDH provided more active sites for PMS activation with improved electron transfer. MX@LDH-4 (34.3 % MXene) exhibited 96.7 % CIP removal and 75.8 % TOC removal within 90 min under conditions of 40 mg/L CIP, 4 mM PMS, and pH = 6. MX@LDH maintained stable catalytic performance between pH 4 and pH 10. The singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) were the main reactive oxygen species, and singlet oxygen could be produced by the radical pathway, as well as mediated electron transfer. The calculated mutagenicity and bioaccumulation factor of transformation products detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer were lower than those of CIP, implying the effectiveness of the MX@LDH/PMS system in reducing the ecotoxicity of CIP. Owing to the high resistance to inorganic ions and humic acid, the outstanding catalytic performance toward various pharmaceuticals, even in real water, stable chemical structure, and recyclable features, the 2D/2D heterogeneous MX@LDH/PMS system could be utilized for the decomposition of organic pollutants in water.

针对环丙沙星（CIP）在水中广泛存在，对公众健康和环境安全构成严重威胁的问题，研制了一种新型环保型MXene - ZnFe-LDH (MX@LDH) 2D/2D非均相催化剂，用于活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）。首先，我们开发了MXene的制备方法，包括硝酸处理，以去除常规盐酸和氟化锂方法产生的氟残留，并引入氧空位。随后，通过共沉淀法将ZnFe-LDH成功固定在MXene表面，形成2D/2D异质结构。MX@LDH为PMS活化提供了更多的活性位点，并改善了电子转移。MX@LDH-4 （34.3% MXene）在40 mg/L CIP、4 mM PMS、pH = 6条件下，90 min内CIP去除率为96.7%，TOC去除率为75.8%。MX@LDH在pH 4 ~ pH 10范围内保持稳定的催化性能。单线态氧（1O2）和超氧自由基（·O2−）是主要的活性氧，单线态氧可以通过自由基途径产生，也可以通过电子转移介导。液相色谱-串联质谱检测转化产物的致突变性和生物蓄积因子均低于CIP，表明MX@LDH/PMS体系在降低CIP的生态毒性方面是有效的。2D/2D非均相MX@LDH/PMS体系对无机离子和腐植酸具有较高的抗性，对多种药物具有优异的催化性能，即使在真实水中也能催化，化学结构稳定，可循环利用，可用于水中有机污染物的分解。

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引用次数: 0