Desalination最新文献_第10页

COFs functionalized self-cleaning loose nanofiltration membranes for efficient dye/salt separation 用于高效分离染料/盐的 COFs 功能化自清洁松散纳滤膜

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118206

Muning Chen , Qiangqiang Song , Zikang Li , Weiwei Bai , Mengying Xu , Xin Li , Wenpeng Li , Hongyan Nan , Jing Wang , Yatao Zhang , Yong Wang

In spite of the fact that loose nanofiltration membrane (LNFM) technology has certified inspiring prospects in the remediation of dyestuff-comprising wastewater, omnipresent membrane fouling deteriorates its separation competence and hinders its practical application. Herein, a neoteric LNFM with finely tuned anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties was manufactured via the reformative phase inversion procedure integrated with the correctional interfacial polymerization process. By altering the casting solution (i.e., adding nano additives) and coagulation bath (i.e., applying melamine aqueous solution rather than pure water) recipes, the porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF-366) and melamine monomers were introduced into the polymeric matrix ingeniously in one step, participating the subsequent interfacial polymerization reaction straightly. The COF-366 with photocatalytic degradation performance and hydrophilicity bestows the resultant LNFM with superior decomposing capacity for organic micro-pollutants under visible light irradiation and better operation durability. Moreover, this substrate-confined amine diffusion combined with the high polarity of melamine enables the formation of a thinner nanofilm for easy mass transport. The best-performing LNFM invented in this work exhibited a high water permeance up to 65 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, excellent dye retention (95.7% against methyl blue), and salt/dye discrimination (27.1 for methyl blue and Na₂SO₄ selectivity) abilities. Eventually, the membrane could recover to original separation efficacy after the cyclic degradation testing. Overall, this work demonstrates an extensive perspective to pioneer an advanced self-cleaning membrane for dye/salt fractionation.

尽管松散纳滤膜（LNFM）技术在修复含染料废水方面具有令人鼓舞的前景，但无处不在的膜污垢会降低其分离能力，阻碍其实际应用。在此，我们通过改性相反转过程与修正界面聚合过程相结合的方法，制造出了一种具有微调防污和自清洁性能的新型 LNFM。通过改变浇铸溶液（即添加纳米添加剂）和凝固浴（即使用三聚氰胺水溶液而非纯水）的配方，卟啉基共价有机框架（COF-366）和三聚氰胺单体被巧妙地一步引入聚合物基体，直接参与后续的界面聚合反应。具有光催化降解性能和亲水性的 COF-366 使生成的 LNFM 在可见光照射下对有机微污染物具有卓越的分解能力和更好的运行耐久性。此外，这种基底封闭的胺扩散与三聚氰胺的高极性相结合，能够形成更薄的纳米薄膜，便于质量传输。这项工作中发明的性能最好的 LNFM 具有高达 65 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 的高透水性、出色的染料保留率（对甲基蓝的保留率为 95.7%）和盐/染料分辨能力（对甲基蓝和 Na2SO4 的选择性为 27.1）。最终，经过循环降解测试后，膜可恢复到原来的分离效果。总之，这项工作为开拓用于染料/盐分馏的先进自清洁膜提供了广阔的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Confined ionic association and its effect on Li+/Mg2+ permselective transport through the HKUST-1 nanopore 封闭离子关联及其对通过香港科技大学-1 纳米孔的 Li+/Mg2+ 许可选择性传输的影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118204

Jianduo Zhang , Fucheng Dai , Jianbo Li , Dawei He , Xuan Lin , Xiaobin Jiang , Junjiang Bao , Xiaopeng Zhang , Gaohong He , Ning Zhang

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as ideal materials for ion separation. HKUST-1, as a subclass of MOFs, has been employed to construct novel membranes for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation due to its appropriate pore size. However, HKUST-1 hardly achieves the expected Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity. To this end, molecular dynamics simulation is employed to investigate the ionic transmembrane permeation from the viewpoint of atomic level. The effects of window and cavity in HKUST-1 are separately explored. The crystal window behaves a combined effect of size-sieving and electrostatic affinity on the Li⁺/Mg²⁺ permselective transport. The presence of Mg²⁺ leads to an enhanced ionic association, which greatly blocks the confined Li⁺ transport in the cavity. Accordingly, it is necessary to block the entry of Mg²⁺ into the HKUST-1 cavities for relieving the confined ionic associations. This work not only helps to understand the mechanism of Li⁺/Mg²⁺ permselective transport, but also promotes the design of high-performance membranes with the help of HKUST-1 for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation.

金属有机框架（MOFs）被认为是离子分离的理想材料。作为 MOFs 的一个子类，HKUST-1 因其合适的孔径而被用于构建用于分离 Li+/Mg2+ 的新型膜。然而，HKUST-1 很难达到预期的 Li+/Mg2+ 选择性。为此，我们利用分子动力学模拟从原子水平研究了离子跨膜渗透。分别探讨了香港科技大学-1 的窗口和空腔效应。晶窗对 Li+/Mg2+ 的全选择性传输具有尺寸筛分和静电亲和力的综合效应。Mg2+ 的存在导致离子关联增强，从而极大地阻碍了空腔中 Li+ 的封闭传输。因此，有必要阻止 Mg2+ 进入香港科技大学-1 的空腔，以缓解封闭的离子关联。这项工作不仅有助于理解 Li+/Mg2+ 的全选择性传输机制，而且有助于借助 HKUST-1 设计用于 Li+/Mg2+ 分离的高性能膜。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of functionalized microcapsule adsorbents using emulsion templates for simultaneous thermal storage and selective adsorption of uranium 利用乳液模板构建功能化微胶囊吸附剂，以同时实现铀的热储存和选择性吸附

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118193

Yaotao Cai , Xinyi Chen , Jintao Xu , Xiaoxiao Ding , Xiaohua Tian , Yongquan Zhou , Yanan Huang , Pan Wang , Jianming Pan

The treatment of nuclear wastewater generates substantial amount of uranium (U(VI)) contaminated wastewater, along with waste heat. Efficiently extracting U(VI) while managing nuclear waste heat is crucial. In this study, the functionalized microcapsule adsorbent (PDA-PO₄³⁻/PEG) was synthesized using an emulsion template method. The synthesis involved the oxidative polymerization of dopamine with the grafting of phosphoric acid functional groups. The resulting black shell layer enabled the conversion of light energy into heat energy, while the inner phase of the microcapsule, composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG), served as a heat storage material. The maximum adsorption capacity of PDA-PO₄³⁻/PEG at 298 K was 242.59 mg g⁻¹, reaching equilibrium within 30 min. The removal efficiency of U(VI) by PDA-PO₄³⁻/PEG exceeded 99 %, even in the presence of various competing metal ions. Thermal and near-infrared light tests demonstrated that a concentration of 2.0 mg mL⁻¹ of PDA-PO₄³⁻/PEG dispersion reached temperature above 80 °C after just 5.0 min of laser irradiation. Furthermore, the latent heat of phase transition was measured at 164.13 J g⁻¹. The PDA-PO₄³⁻/PEG microcapsule demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity. It's combined high uranium adsorption performance, selectivity, strong photothermal conversion, and thermal storage capabilities make it a material of significant interest industrial applications.

核废水处理过程中会产生大量受铀（U(VI)）污染的废水和废热。在管理核废热的同时有效提取铀（VI）至关重要。本研究采用乳液模板法合成了功能化微胶囊吸附剂（PDA-PO43-/PEG）。合成过程包括多巴胺的氧化聚合和磷酸官能团的接枝。由此产生的黑色外壳层可将光能转化为热能，而由聚乙二醇（PEG）组成的微胶囊内相则可作为储热材料。在 298 K 下，PDA-PO43-/PEG 的最大吸附容量为 242.59 mg g-1，并在 30 分钟内达到平衡。即使存在各种竞争金属离子，PDA-PO43-/PEG 对 U(VI) 的去除率也超过了 99%。热和近红外光测试表明，浓度为 2.0 毫克毫升/升的 PDA-PO43-/PEG 分散液在激光照射 5.0 分钟后温度就超过了 80 °C。此外，还测出相变潜热为 164.13 J g-1。PDA-PO43-/PEG 微胶囊具有出色的吸附能力和选择性。它兼具高铀吸附性能、选择性、强光热转换和热存储能力，是一种具有重要工业应用价值的材料。

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引用次数: 0

High performance reverse osmosis membrane with a separation layer consisting of highly selective polyamide networks and porous organic cages 高性能反渗透膜，分离层由高选择性聚酰胺网络和多孔有机笼组成

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118190

Yanan Yao, Tianyi Xia, Jiaci Wang, Zhuan Yi, Wentao Yan, Yong Zhou, Congjie Gao

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology has widespread applications in many fields, such as desalination and organics removal. A long-standing goal for RO membrane technology is developing highly permeable RO membranes with high rejection. Upgrading of the separation layer microstructure is the key. One ideal design for the separation layer microstructure is that the layer is rich in fast water transport channels and meanwhile the polyamide (PA) networks are highly selective. The simplest strategy to increase fast water transport channels is introducing functional materials into the separation layer via the aqueous or organic phase addition. The organic phase addition method is more effective. However, most functional materials reported cannot be dissolved or dispersed well in the organic phase, which are not suitable for this method. Besides, the attentions that PA network received were less than functional materials in the past, though it is crucial for the rejection. This work proposes to construct the kind of separation layer mentioned above via introducing a porous organic cage (CC3), which is an intrinsically porous organic molecule with oil solubility, in the separation layer as the supplier for fast water transport channel by the organic phase addition method, and with the aid of an oil-soluble surfactant, which contributes to the formation of highly selective PA networks through surfactant-assembly regulated interfacial polymerization. Our strategy is efficient. By using a tiny amount of CC3 (0.005 % w/v) and surfactant (0.0025 % w/v), a flux of 93.6 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ (an increase of 43.1 %), a salt rejection of 98.82 % and a water/salt selectivity of 7864 can be achieved. This performance is at high level for a desalination RO membrane. Simultaneously, the developed RO membrane exhibited an improved removal performance for organic compounds with low molecular weight (<300 Da). The organics rejection exceeded 91.00 %.

反渗透（RO）膜技术在许多领域都有广泛的应用，如海水淡化和有机物去除。反渗透膜技术的一个长期目标是开发具有高阻隔性的高渗透反渗透膜。分离层微结构的升级是关键所在。分离层微观结构的一个理想设计是，分离层中有丰富的快速水传输通道，同时聚酰胺（PA）网络具有高选择性。增加快速水传输通道的最简单策略是通过水相或有机相添加的方式在分离层中引入功能材料。有机相添加法更为有效。然而，大多数报道的功能材料都不能很好地溶解或分散在有机相中，因此不适合采用这种方法。此外，PA 网络虽然对剔除至关重要，但其受到的关注度却低于以往的功能材料。本研究提出通过有机相添加法，在分离层中引入多孔有机笼（CC3）作为快速水传输通道的供应者，并借助油溶性表面活性剂，构建上述类型的分离层，通过表面活性剂组装调控界面聚合，形成高选择性 PA 网络。我们的策略非常高效。通过使用极少量的 CC3（0.005 % w/v）和表面活性剂（0.0025 % w/v），可实现 93.6 L-m-2-h-1 的通量（增加了 43.1 %）、98.82 % 的盐排斥率和 7864 的水/盐选择性。对于海水淡化反渗透膜而言，这一性能处于较高水平。同时，所开发的反渗透膜对低分子量（<300 Da）有机化合物的去除性能也有所提高。有机物去除率超过 91.00%。

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引用次数: 0

An enhanced dechlorination method of solid waste incineration fly ash washed by recyclable organic solvent and water mixtures 用可回收有机溶剂和水混合物洗涤固体废物焚烧飞灰的强化脱氯方法

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118179

Peixuan Zhao , Hongyun Hu , Yipeng Wang , Chan Zou , Sihua Xu , Siyi Chen , Huimin Liu , Zhao Zhou , Lu Dong , Hong Yao

The enrichment of chloride salts in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and hazardous waste incineration (HWI) fly ash seriously restricts the resources utilization of fly ash. Water washing is a convenient means of dechlorination while the large water-to-solid ratio results in large water consumption and high energy consumption for subsequent brine concentration. In the present study, an enhanced method was proposed to reduce the water-to-solid ratio during washing by introducing organic solvents as dechlorination auxiliary solvents. The results showed that the addition of water-soluble solvent formed a new solution system with water, increasing the ability to dissolve salt per unit of water by 25.15 %–94.53 %. The polarity differences between organic solvents and the water affected the dissolution of salts in the mixed system, and the mixture of lower polar water-soluble solvent indicated better dechlorination efficiency. Besides, the mutual solubility of the lower polar organic solvent and the water decreased with the concentration of salts increasing, and the minimum Cl⁻ concentration of the brine layer was 2.68 M after liquid-liquid separation. Finally, the concentration of Cl⁻ in brine layer was naturally concentrated to 2.68–3.53 M, which was increased by 125.63–144.13 %, and the energy consumption of brine concentration was greatly reduced.

城市固体废物焚烧（MSWI）和危险废物焚烧（HWI）飞灰中氯盐的富集严重制约了飞灰的资源化利用。水洗是一种便捷的脱氯方法，但由于水固比大，后续的盐水浓缩耗水量大、能耗高。本研究提出了一种改进方法，通过引入有机溶剂作为脱氯辅助溶剂，降低水洗过程中的水固比。结果表明，水溶性溶剂的加入与水形成了新的溶液体系，使单位水溶解盐的能力提高了 25.15 %-94.53 %。有机溶剂与水的极性差异影响了盐在混合体系中的溶解，极性较低的水溶性溶剂的混合物具有更好的除氯效率。此外，随着盐类浓度的增加，极性较低的有机溶剂与水的互溶性减小，液液分离后盐水层的最小 Cl- 浓度为 2.68 M。最后，盐水层中的 Cl- 浓度自然浓缩到 2.68-3.53 M，提高了 125.63-144.13 %，盐水浓缩的能耗大大降低。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances on 2D Metal Organic Framework (MOF) membrane for waste water treatment and desalination 用于废水处理和海水淡化的二维金属有机框架 (MOF) 膜的最新进展

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118183

Divya Bajpai Tripathy

The serious necessity for clean and potable water is accentuated by the growing adulteration of water sources due to industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities. Conventional wastewater remediation procedures often fall short in terms of efficiency, specificity, and cost-effectiveness, necessitating the exploration of advanced technologies. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have positioned 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising candidates for water purification and desalination. This review delves into the synthesis and application of 2D MOF membranes, highlighting their superior performance in eradicating a wide range of contaminants. Key synthesis strategies, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, are discussed, with a focus on sonication exfoliation and intercalation procedures. The integration of 2D MOFs into polymeric films enhances permeability and separation efficiency, presenting a viable solution to the pressing global challenge of water scarcity. The article underlines the necessity for sustained research to overcome current limitations and to enable the commercial application of these innovative materials.

由于工业化、城市化和农业活动造成的水源掺假现象日益严重，人们对清洁饮用水的需求日益迫切。传统的废水修复程序往往在效率、特异性和成本效益方面存在不足，因此有必要探索先进的技术。纳米技术的最新进展将二维金属有机框架（MOFs）定位为水净化和海水淡化的理想候选材料。本综述深入探讨了二维 MOF 膜的合成和应用，重点介绍了它们在消除各种污染物方面的卓越性能。文章讨论了主要的合成策略，包括自上而下和自下而上的方法，重点介绍了超声剥离和插层程序。将二维 MOFs 集成到聚合物薄膜中可提高渗透性和分离效率，为应对全球水资源短缺的紧迫挑战提供了可行的解决方案。文章强调了持续研究的必要性，以克服当前的局限性，实现这些创新材料的商业应用。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-ozonation coupled with forward osmosis with fertilizer as draw solution for simultaneous wastewater treatment and agricultural irrigation 预臭氧与正渗透加肥料相结合，作为同时处理废水和农业灌溉的牵引解决方案

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118187

Fu Yang , Xingbao Wang , Yuanyuan Shan , Chongde Wu , Rongqing Zhou , Nicolas Hengl , Frederic Pignon , Yao Jin

Membrane-based processes have emerged as effective solutions for treating tannery wastewater. Persistent membrane fouling remains a significant obstacle to long-term operational sustainability, and residual pollutants often persist in the treated effluent. To address these challenges, we investigated an integrated ozone-forward osmosis (O₃-FO) process, with a focus on evaluating the efficacy of pre-ozonation in alleviating membrane fouling, as well as exploring the possibilities of this integrated process for the reuse of tannery wastewater. Fertilizer, specifically 2 M Ca(NO₃)₂, served as the draw solution (DS) in this process. The findings reveal that the integrated system demonstrated remarkable pollutant retention capabilities. Notably, no metal was detected in the fertilizer. Therefore, the integrated process not only dilutes the fertilizer but also minimizes the risk of heavy metal contamination to both crops and soil. Furthermore, pre-ozonation effectively mitigated membrane fouling, resulting in an increase in membrane flux with a maximum increase of 20.98 % at 0.6 L/min. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed pre-ozonation has the most significant impact on four parameters: water flux (

J_{w}

), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fouling resistance (

R_{f}

) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Meanwhile, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) variation, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) variation and ORP played an important role in the four systems. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) showed that the 0.2 L/min O₃-FO system achieved the highest score (0.66), followed by 0.6 L/min (0.53), 0.4 L/min (0.41) and 0 L/min (0.29). This research offers a theoretical framework for the synergistic integration of advanced oxidation and membrane technology in the treatment of industrial wastewater.

膜法工艺已成为处理制革废水的有效解决方案。持续的膜污垢仍然是长期可持续运行的一个重大障碍，而且残留污染物通常会在处理后的废水中持续存在。为了应对这些挑战，我们研究了一种臭氧-前向渗透（O3-FO）综合工艺，重点是评估预臭氧处理在减轻膜堵塞方面的功效，以及探索这种综合工艺在制革废水回用方面的可能性。肥料，特别是 2 M Ca(NO3)2，作为该工艺中的汲取溶液 (DS)。研究结果表明，该综合系统具有显著的污染物截留能力。值得注意的是，肥料中未检测到任何金属。因此，综合工艺不仅能稀释肥料，还能最大限度地降低重金属污染农作物和土壤的风险。此外，预臭氧处理有效地减轻了膜堵塞，从而提高了膜通量，在 0.6 升/分钟时，膜通量的最大增幅为 20.98%。正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）显示，预臭氧处理对水流量（Jw）、化学需氧量（COD）、抗污能力（Rf）和氧化还原电位（ORP）这四个参数的影响最为显著。同时，铵态氮（NH4-N）变化、溶解有机碳（DOC）变化和氧化还原电位（ORP）在四个系统中也发挥了重要作用。多标准决策分析（MCDA）显示，0.2 升/分钟的 O3-FO 系统得分最高（0.66），其次是 0.6 升/分钟（0.53）、0.4 升/分钟（0.41）和 0 升/分钟（0.29）。这项研究为在处理工业废水时协同整合高级氧化和膜技术提供了一个理论框架。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the ion transport through top and wall coated polyelectrolyte membrane pores 揭示离子通过顶层和壁层聚电解质膜孔的传输过程

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118170

E. Evdochenko , A. Kalde , J. di Ronco , K. Albert , J. Kamp , M. Wessling

Polyelectrolyte-based nanofiltration membranes are obtained through a layer-by-layer sequential deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) onto a porous support structure. The resulting polyelectrolyte membrane offers tailored salt rejections for nanofiltration applications. However, little is known about the exact location of the deposited PEs on top or inside a membrane pore. Also, scarce information is available on the contribution of the different potential PE locations that affect the salt rejection of the overall membrane. Hence, research challenges, such as the influence of (a) an adsorbed PE layer inside the support membrane or (b) the bridging of the original pores and the position of the bridging layer, can only be unraveled through rigorous simulations. We present a significant extension of our previously published model into a two-dimensional modeling framework pE_nPE_nS (pressure p driven transport through n electrolyte layers E_n, n polyelectrolyte layers PE_n, and the support structure S) capable of addressing the selective layer additionally formed on the walls of the support capillary structure. The model solves a set of two-dimensional nonlinear Extended Nernst-Planck-Poisson and Navier-Stokes-Brinkman equations, enabling the prediction of ionic rejections from the top coating, wall coating, and a PE bridging forming inside the capillary. The proposed model framework systematically identifies and quantifies the influence of the capillary coating beneath the top layer on NaCl rejection and addresses the challenge of improving rejection rates. The model reveals that PEs deposited inside the support structure contribute significantly to NaCl rejection. It enables the predictions of differences in the rejection rates depending on the location of the PE coating, the diameter of the support capillary, and the transmembrane pressure. The model gives insight into PE bridging forming inside the support capillary and explains how its position and fixed charge density change ion rejection rates. As such, the model unravels insightful details on the rejection characteristics of coated capillaries, making it a powerful tool for designing polyelectrolyte membranes.

基于聚电解质的纳滤膜是通过在多孔支撑结构上逐层连续沉积带相反电荷的聚电解质（PE）而获得的。由此产生的聚电解质膜可为纳滤应用提供量身定制的拒盐能力。然而，人们对沉积在膜孔顶部或内部的聚电解质的确切位置知之甚少。此外，关于不同潜在 PE 位置对整个膜的盐排斥作用的影响，也鲜有资料。因此，只有通过严格的模拟，才能解开研究难题，如（a）吸附在支撑膜内的 PE 层或（b）原始孔隙的桥接和桥接层位置的影响。我们将之前发表的模型大幅扩展为二维建模框架 pEnPEnS（压力 p 驱动通过 n 个电解质层 En、n 个聚电解质层 PEn 和支撑结构 S 的传输），能够解决在支撑毛细管结构壁上额外形成的选择层问题。该模型求解了一组二维非线性扩展 Nernst-Planck-Poisson 和 Navier-Stokes-Brinkman 方程，从而能够预测毛细管内部形成的顶涂层、壁涂层和 PE 桥接层的离子排斥情况。所提出的模型框架系统地确定并量化了顶层下毛细管涂层对 NaCl 排阻的影响，并解决了提高排阻率的难题。该模型揭示了沉积在支撑结构内部的聚乙烯对 NaCl 排斥的重要作用。根据聚乙烯涂层的位置、支撑毛细管的直径和跨膜压力的不同，该模型可以预测排斥率的差异。该模型深入揭示了支撑毛细管内形成的聚乙烯桥接，并解释了其位置和固定电荷密度如何改变离子剔除率。因此，该模型揭示了涂层毛细管排斥特性的深刻细节，是设计聚电解质膜的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into iron-accelerated gypsum scaling mitigation strategies in nanofiltration membrane process 纳滤膜工艺中铁加速石膏结垢缓解策略的启示

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118181

Jaewon Lee , Taegeun Park , Yeojin Shin , Ji-Won Son , Jieun Kim , Changwoo Kim , Youngjin Kim , Seungkwan Hong

In this study, the impact of ferric ions on gypsum crystallization and NF membrane performance was investigated to mitigate iron-accelerated gypsum scaling. Gypsum scaling in the presence of ferric ions led to a significant decline in the water flux, but a relatively higher reversible fouling ratio was observed compared to that under individual gypsum and iron-oxide scaling. Ferric ions influenced the crystallization of gypsum on NF membranes by serving as additional nucleation sites, leading to accelerated gypsum scaling. Various mitigation methods (e.g., feed spacers and cleaning processes) were evaluated to effectively control iron-accelerated gypsum scaling. The introduction of spacers exhibited a high mitigation efficiency by enhancing the mass transfer of scalant ions due to changes in the water channel hydrodynamics, but the overall efficiency decreased over time. To enhance the mitigation efficiency, different cleaning methods (e.g., CO₂ oversaturated solution, HCl, and NaCl flushing) were conducted with feed spacers. A CO₂ saturated solution demonstrated high cleaning efficiency owing to the high turbulence induced by CO₂ bubbles, whereas HCl flushing showed negligible efficiency. NaCl flushing exhibited the highest cleaning efficiency through mono/divalent ion-exchange effects on iron-gypsum scaling. This study provides comprehensive insights into iron-accelerated gypsum scaling mitigation strategies for nanofiltration membranes, highlighting the impact of coexisting ferric compounds on gypsum scaling.

本研究调查了铁离子对石膏结晶和纳滤膜性能的影响，以减轻铁加速的石膏结垢。在铁离子存在的情况下，石膏结垢导致水通量显著下降，但与单独的石膏和氧化铁结垢相比，观察到的可逆污垢率相对较高。铁离子作为额外的成核点，影响了 NF 膜上石膏的结晶，导致石膏结垢加速。为有效控制铁加速石膏结垢，对各种缓解方法（如进料间隔物和清洗工艺）进行了评估。由于水道流体力学的变化，引入间隔物可以增强鳞片离子的传质，从而表现出较高的减缓效率，但随着时间的推移，总体效率有所下降。为了提高缓解效率，使用进料间隔物采用了不同的清洁方法（如二氧化碳过饱和溶液、盐酸和氯化钠冲洗）。二氧化碳饱和溶液由于二氧化碳气泡引起的高湍流而表现出很高的清洁效率，而盐酸冲洗的效率则微乎其微。通过对铁-石膏结垢的一/二价离子交换效应，NaCl 冲洗的清洁效率最高。这项研究为纳滤膜的铁加速石膏结垢缓解策略提供了全面的见解，强调了共存的铁化合物对石膏结垢的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the effect of temperature and concentration on the performance of reverse electrodialysis systems 研究温度和浓度对反向电渗析系统性能的影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118184

You Wei Jia, George Q. Chen, Sandra E. Kentish

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a membrane-based technology proposed for harvesting electricity from a salinity gradient. In this study, a detailed examination of the effect of temperature and concentration on RED membrane properties is undertaken. Modelling of the co-ion concentration as a function of temperature allows the Donnan potential to be estimated, while membrane resistance and ion diffusivity can be modelled by an Arrhenius relationship with temperature. Membrane resistance is best modelled using a reciprocal relationship with concentration, while permeability and diffusivity show a power law dependence upon concentration. Using these results, the effect of increasing the temperature of the entire RED system is compared to the case where only the temperature of the diluate solution is increased. The model is in good agreement with experimental results across temperatures from 10 to 40 °C. It shows that a comparable increase in gross power density can be achieved when only the temperature of the diluate solution is increased, relative to increasing the temperature of the entire system. However, increasing the temperature also reduces the pumping energy required for each stream. In the present case, this reduction in pumping energy with temperature is more significant than the changes within the stack itself. Thus, an increase in temperature of the entire system from 20 to 40 °C results in a 27 % increase in net power density as compared to an increase of the diluate solution alone. It is thus concluded that increasing the temperature of the entire system (rather than just the diluate stream) provides a pathway to increasing the power density of the system if waste heat is available, promoting its adoption for energy harvesting.

反向电渗析（RED）是一种基于膜的技术，用于从盐度梯度中收集电能。本研究详细探讨了温度和浓度对 RED 膜特性的影响。将共离子浓度作为温度函数建模，可估算出唐南势，而膜电阻和离子扩散率则可通过阿伦尼乌斯与温度的关系建模。膜电阻最好使用与浓度的倒数关系建模，而渗透性和扩散性则显示出与浓度的幂律关系。利用这些结果，将提高整个 RED 系统温度的效果与只提高稀释溶液温度的情况进行了比较。在 10 至 40 °C 的温度范围内，模型与实验结果十分吻合。结果表明，与提高整个系统的温度相比，只提高稀释溶液的温度可实现总功率密度的相应提高。不过，提高温度也会降低每股液流所需的泵送能量。在本例中，随着温度的升高，泵送能量的减少比烟囱本身的变化更为显著。因此，将整个系统的温度从 20 °C 提高到 40 °C，与单独提高稀释溶液的温度相比，净功率密度提高了 27%。由此得出的结论是，如果有余热，提高整个系统（而不仅仅是稀释液流）的温度为提高系统的功率密度提供了一条途径，从而促进了能量收集技术的采用。

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引用次数: 0