Desalination最新文献_第7页

High-vacuum multi-effect desalination system with barometric ejector-condensation for simultaneous water and cooling production 高真空多效海水淡化系统，带气压喷射器-冷凝，同时进行水和冷却生产

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119908

C.A. Casares-De la Torre , N. Velázquez-Limón , R. López-Zavala , J. Ríos-Arriola , G.E. Dévora-Isiordia , S. Islas-Pereda , J.A. Aguilar-Jiménez

This paper evaluates the technical feasibility of a desalination system for the simultaneous production of water and cooling, developed from a novel high-vacuum multi-effect distillation (MED-HV) system (28.3–0.8 kPa). The innovation lies in leveraging the operating conditions to use the product water directly as a refrigerant. The system integrates a barometric ejector-condenser and a three-way valve that regulates the product water flow to an evaporator, allowing the cooling capacity to be adjusted according to demand. The study was conducted in Aspen Plus and validated with experimental results reported in the literature. The MED-HV system achieves a water production of 96.03 m³/d and a cooling capacity of 700 TR (2460 kW). The effect of cooling capacity variation on the ejector-condenser performance and the system's global indicators was analyzed. Compared to commercial desalination and cooling technologies operating in a hybrid manner, the proposed system achieves a Global Coefficient of Performance (COP_G) of 9.22 —20.73% higher— and accomplishes a 17.15% reduction in global specific energy consumption, for both desalination (SEC_{G_D}: 127.15 kWh/m³) and cooling (SEC_{G_C}: 0.73 kWh/TR). These results confirm the potential of the proposed system to efficiently and simultaneously meet water and space conditioning needs.

本文评估了在新型高真空多效蒸馏（MED-HV）系统（28.3-0.8 kPa）基础上开发的同时生产水和冷却的海水淡化系统的技术可行性。创新之处在于利用操作条件将产品水直接用作制冷剂。该系统集成了一个气压喷射器-冷凝器和一个三通阀，该三通阀调节产品水流向蒸发器，允许根据需求调整冷却能力。该研究在Aspen Plus中进行，并通过文献中报道的实验结果进行验证。MED-HV系统的产水量为96.03 m3/d，制冷量为700 TR （2460 kW）。分析了制冷量变化对喷射-凝汽器性能和系统整体指标的影响。与以混合方式运行的商业海水淡化和冷却技术相比，所提出的系统实现了9.22 - 20.73%的全球性能系数（COPG），并实现了17.15%的全球比能耗降低，海水淡化（SECG_D: 127.15 kWh/m3）和冷却（SECG_C: 0.73 kWh/TR）。这些结果证实了所提出的系统的潜力，有效地同时满足水和空间调节需求。

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引用次数: 0

Seed-growth-inspired N-CNTs confining Fe/Fe3C on carbon fibers for stable and selective capacitive dechlorination 种子生长激发的N-CNTs将Fe/Fe3C限制在碳纤维上，用于稳定和选择性电容脱氯

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119932

Xuewen Qu , Chulei Zhao , Yulong Sui , Xiaoyan Wang , Jiao Yin , Anjie Liu , Liping Yang , Hui Zhu

Iron-based materials have presented as promising capacitive dechlorination electrodes due to their low cost, resource abundance, environmental friendliness and satisfactory pseudocapacitive reaction mechanism. However, the undesired dissolution phenomena during cycling brings about the secondary environmental pollution and the irreversible capacity loss inevitably. Herein, inspired by the process of “seed-growth in soil”, nanosized Fe/Fe₃C particles (as “seeds”) are rooted and surrounded by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs, as “plants”) onto the cotton-derived carbon matrix (as “soil”) through an interfacial catalysis approach. Combining the electrostatic desalination from the hierarchical porosity and the pseudocapacitive contribution from the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox reaction and the heteroatom doping, the optimized BC-Fe/Fe₃C@CNTs delivers a high capacity of 69.12 mg·g⁻¹ at a voltage of 1.0 V, superior to that of other iron-based materials until now. In addition, the integrated formation of the FeN bonds and the graphitic shell suppresses the dissolution of Fe/Fe₃C seeds effectively, guaranteeing a satisfactory cycling stability (a capacity retention of 78% for 150 cycles). Most impressively, the obtained material exhibits a dechlorination capacity of 20 mg·g⁻¹ in actual coal chemical wastewater, featuring outstanding chloride ion selectivity in both single-component systems and mixed ion competitions, and stability within a wide pH range of 3 to 11. This seeded growth strategy provides a simple and practical approach to achieve high dechlorination capacity, fast kinetic performance, and long-term cycling stability for advanced water purification.

铁基材料具有成本低、资源丰富、环境友好和良好的赝电容反应机理等优点，是一种很有前途的电容脱氯电极。但循环过程中出现的不良溶解现象不可避免地会造成二次环境污染和不可逆的容量损失。受“土壤中种子生长”过程的启发，纳米级Fe/Fe3C颗粒（作为“种子”）通过界面催化的方式被氮掺杂的碳纳米管（CNTs，作为“植物”）扎根并包裹在棉花衍生的碳基质（作为“土壤”）上。结合分层孔隙的静电淡化和Fe2+/Fe3+氧化还原反应的赝电容贡献以及杂原子掺杂，优化后的BC-Fe/Fe3C@CNTs在1.0 V电压下具有69.12 mg·g−1的高容量，优于目前其他铁基材料。此外，FeN键和石墨壳的整合形成有效地抑制了Fe/Fe3C种子的溶解，保证了令人满意的循环稳定性（150次循环容量保持率为78%）。最令人印象深刻的是，所获得的材料在实际煤化工废水中表现出20 mg·g−1的脱氯能力，在单组分体系和混合离子竞争中都具有出色的氯离子选择性，并且在3 ~ 11的宽pH范围内具有稳定性。这种种子生长策略为高级水净化提供了一种简单实用的方法，可以实现高脱氯能力、快速动力学性能和长期循环稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced Cl−/SO42− separation with conductive nanofiltration membranes under voltage-induced electrostatic repulsion and ionic dehydration 导电纳滤膜在电压诱导静电斥力和离子脱水作用下对Cl−/SO42−的分离

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119947

Jiajin Hao, Zhijun Yan, Miaolu He, Xinyue Zhang, Xudong Wang, Jin Wang, Junwei Xin, Siyu Hu, Huihui Zhang, Lei Wang

Achieving high-selectivity Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻ separation is crucial for water treatment and salt resource recovery. This study aims to precisely regulate ion transport in conductive nanofiltration membranes via in situ applied voltage, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional separation performance. A conductive NF membrane was fabricated by intercalating glycine-modified graphene oxide (GO) into a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix. Under an applied voltage of 2.0 V, the membrane exhibited pronounced voltage-responsive separation performance for Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻, achieving a separation factor of 25.1. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, DLVO analysis confirmed that the applied voltage selectively enhances electrostatic repulsion toward Na₂SO₄ at the membrane surface, thereby increasing its rejection, while the effect on NaCl is comparatively limited. Activation energy analysis based on the Arrhenius equation further quantified this difference, revealing that the voltage not only increases the transmembrane energy barrier of Na₂SO₄ but also partially compensates the dehydration energy barrier of Na⁺, thus reducing the transport resistance of NaCl. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed voltage-induced ionic dehydration, highlighting its critical role in enhancing ion sieving. Overall, this work expands the understanding of smart NF membrane technologies, offering promising potential for applications in water purification and resource recovery.

实现Cl - /SO42 -的高选择性分离是水处理和盐资源回收的关键。本研究旨在通过原位施加电压来精确调节导电纳滤膜中的离子传输，从而克服传统分离性能的局限性。将甘氨酸修饰的氧化石墨烯（GO）嵌入还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）基体中制备导电纳滤膜。在2.0 V电压下，膜对Cl−/SO42−具有明显的电压响应分离性能，分离系数为25.1。DLVO分析证实，外加电压选择性地增强了膜表面对Na2SO4的静电斥力，从而增加了其斥力，而对NaCl的影响相对有限。基于Arrhenius方程的活化能分析进一步量化了这一差异，发现电压不仅增加了Na2SO4的跨膜能垒，而且部分补偿了Na+的脱水能垒，从而降低了NaCl的输运阻力。最后，分子动力学模拟揭示了电压诱导的离子脱水，强调了其在增强离子筛分中的关键作用。总的来说，这项工作扩大了对智能纳滤膜技术的理解，在水净化和资源回收方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Activation of permanganate(VII) with percarbonate for enhanced oxidation of ciprofloxacin: Sustained generation of manganese intermediates 用过碳酸盐活化高锰酸盐（VII）以增强环丙沙星的氧化：锰中间体的持续生成

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119912

Xiang Li , Lei Fu , Hui Wu , Aiju You , Pengcheng Yao , Yufei Shi

Permanganate (Mn(VII)) has gained increasing attention as a potent oxidant in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, its relatively limited reactivity toward certain recalcitrant micropollutants has restricted its widespread application in environmental remediation. This study proposes a novel strategy that couples Mn(VII) with sodium percarbonate (SPC) to enhance its oxidative performance, demonstrating a pronounced synergistic effect in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Mechanistic investigations revealed that SPC activated Mn(VII) to generate Mn(III), while the in situ-formed MnO₂ simultaneously served as an effective catalyst that further promoted Mn(VII)-mediated oxidation pathways. Moreover, the gradual release of low concentrations of H₂O₂ from SPC decomposition significantly improved the utilization efficiency of both H₂O₂ and metastable manganese intermediates, thereby ensuring high degradation efficacy. Reaction pathway analysis indicated that CIP transformation primarily proceeded through oxidation and aromatic ring cleavage. In addition, the acute toxicity of CIP was reduced after treatment in the SPC-Mn(VII) process, exhibiting detoxification performance compared to Mn(VII) alone. Importantly, the coupled system also demonstrated the tolerance against interference from common aqueous matrix constituents, maintaining efficient CIP removal in real wastewater. Overall, this work introduces an effective catalytic activation strategy to improve Mn(VII) reactivity and provides fundamental mechanistic insights to inform the design of Mn(VII)-based advanced oxidation processes.

高锰酸盐（Mn(VII)）作为一种有效的氧化剂在废水处理中得到越来越多的关注。然而，其对某些顽固性微污染物的反应性相对有限，限制了其在环境修复中的广泛应用。本研究提出了一种新的策略，将Mn（VII）与过碳酸钠（SPC）偶联以增强其氧化性能，并在环丙沙星（CIP）的降解中显示出明显的协同效应。机制研究表明，SPC激活Mn（VII）生成Mn(III)，而原位形成的MnO2同时作为有效的催化剂，进一步促进Mn（VII）介导的氧化途径。此外，SPC分解过程中逐渐释放出低浓度的H2O2，显著提高了H2O2和亚稳锰中间体的利用效率，从而保证了较高的降解效率。反应途径分析表明，CIP转化主要通过氧化和芳环裂解进行。此外，在SPC-Mn（VII）过程中，CIP处理后的急性毒性降低，与单独的Mn（VII）相比，表现出解毒性能。重要的是，耦合系统还显示出对常见水性基质成分干扰的耐受性，在实际废水中保持有效的CIP去除。总的来说，这项工作介绍了一种有效的催化活化策略来提高Mn（VII）的反应性，并为Mn（VII）高级氧化工艺的设计提供了基本的机制见解。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating bionic water collecting fabric and 3D hydrogel for significantly enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation condensation performance 集成仿生集水织物和三维水凝胶，显著增强太阳能驱动界面蒸发冷凝性能

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119946

Qiao Li, Dairong Chen, Xiuling Jiao

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology emerges as a promising solution for sustainable freshwater production. Recent advancements have focused on optimizing photothermal materials' optical absorption, thermal conversion efficiency, and water transport properties to enhance evaporation performance. However, practical applications of evaporation-based systems often face challenges due to inefficient steam condensation and high internal humidity, which reduce overall efficiency and scalability. This study addresses these challenges through an innovative dual-step approach. First, a transparent hydrophilic coating was developed to minimize light refraction and scattering caused by water droplets, thereby improving light utilization efficiency. Second, inspired by natural structures such as spider silk and cactus, a novel composite biomimetic fog collection structure was designed to rapidly condense and remove water vapor, effectively reducing internal humidity. The integration of a three-dimensional (3D) porous hydrogel evaporator and a super-hydrophilic Al₂O₃/ZnO/PE fiber membrane resulted in a novel interfacial evaporation water collection device. Experimental results demonstrated a 12.20% reduction in internal humidity and a 10.66% increase in collection efficiency compared to traditional systems. Additionally, a hydrophilic SiO₂ coating further suppressed light scattering, achieving 87% light utilization efficiency. This innovative design successfully collected approximately 15.32 kg m⁻² of freshwater over 8 h under 1-Sun irradiation, showcasing its potential to address critical challenges in solar desalination technology.

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发技术成为可持续淡水生产的一种有前途的解决方案。最近的进展主要集中在优化光热材料的光吸收、热转换效率和水输运性能以提高蒸发性能。然而，由于蒸汽冷凝效率低和内部湿度高，蒸发系统的实际应用往往面临挑战，从而降低了整体效率和可扩展性。本研究通过一种创新的双步骤方法解决了这些挑战。首先，研制透明的亲水性涂层，最大限度地减少水滴引起的光折射和散射，从而提高光的利用效率。其次，以蜘蛛丝、仙人掌等自然结构为灵感，设计了一种新型的复合仿生集雾结构，可以快速凝结和去除水蒸气，有效降低内部湿度。将三维（3D）多孔水凝胶蒸发器与超亲水性Al2O3/ZnO/PE纤维膜相结合，形成了一种新型的界面蒸发集水装置。实验结果表明，与传统系统相比，该系统内部湿度降低了12.20%，收集效率提高了10.66%。此外，亲水SiO2涂层进一步抑制了光散射，实现了87%的光利用效率。这一创新设计在1-Sun照射下，在8小时内成功收集了约15.32 kg m - 2的淡水，展示了其解决太阳能海水淡化技术关键挑战的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Green recovery of low-concentration lithium from high-temperature geothermal fluids 高温地热流体中低浓度锂的绿色回收

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119945

Junmin Wu , Wenzhe Chen , Kuo Lei , Qin Wang , Yingchun Xie , Zhenzhen Jiang , Yafei Guo , Tianlong Deng , Xiaoping Yu

Geothermal fluids represent a novel source of liquid lithium resources, but extracting lithium from such sources is challenging due to their inherent high-temperature and low-concentration characteristics. Herein, a high-temperature-resistant inorganic composite specifically for lithium extraction from geothermal fluids was developed. By leveraging a high-temperature conversion mechanism, β-Li₂TiO₃ with enhanced adsorption properties for low-concentration lithium was synthesized in a controllable and large-scale manner. Because using AlOOH·nH₂O as the precursor for Al₂O₃ enables the preparation of β-Al₂O₃ without inducing a crystal phase transformation in β-Li₂TiO₃. It allows an in situ conversion procedure to produce β-Al₂O₃-supported β-Li₂TiO₃ (Li₂TiO₃/β-Al₂O₃) with high thermal stability and a large specific surface area. To achieve granulation of the highly viscous AlOOH·nH₂O slurry containing β-Li₂TiO₃, a droplet-forming device equipped with a high-pressure pneumatic metering pump was further designed and constructed, by which the large-scale preparation of Li₂TiO₃/β-Al₂O₃ was accomplished. Investigation into the adsorption mechanism and kinetics of Li₂TiO₃/β-Al₂O₃ revealed that lithium uptake is primarily driven by β-Li₂TiO₃, and elevated temperatures favor the extraction process. When applied to a high-temperature (353 K) geothermal fluid containing low-concentration lithium (25.85 mg·L⁻¹), an adsorption capacity of 22.92 mg·g⁻¹ with more than 90% recovery rate was achieved. Because of the minimal environmental impact, this method offers a promising strategy for sustainable lithium extraction from geothermal fluids.

地热流体是液态锂资源的一种新来源，但由于其固有的高温和低浓度特性，从地热流体中提取锂具有挑战性。本文开发了一种专门用于从地热流体中提取锂的耐高温无机复合材料。利用高温转化机制，可控大规模合成了对低浓度锂具有增强吸附性能的β-Li2TiO3。因为AlOOH·nH2O作为Al2O3的前驱体可以在不引起β-Li2TiO3晶体相变的情况下制备β-Al2O3。它允许原位转化过程生产β-Al2O3-负载β-Li2TiO3 （Li2TiO3/β-Al2O3）具有高热稳定性和大比表面积。为了实现含有β-Li2TiO3的高粘性AlOOH·nh2o浆料的造粒，进一步设计并构建了配备高压气动计量泵的液滴形成装置，实现了Li2TiO3/β-Al2O3的大规模制备。对Li2TiO3/β-Al2O3的吸附机理和动力学研究表明，β-Li2TiO3对锂的吸附主要由β-Li2TiO3驱动，温度升高有利于萃取过程。在高温（353 K）含低浓度锂（25.85 mg·L−1）地热液中，吸附量为22.92 mg·g−1，回收率达90%以上。由于对环境的影响最小，这种方法为从地热流体中可持续提取锂提供了一种很有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Novel approaches for quantitative assessments of wetting development in membrane distillation based on optical coherence tomography 基于光学相干断层成像的膜蒸馏润湿发展定量评估新方法

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119913

Nurul F. Himma , Harald Horn , Florencia Saravia , Michael Wagner

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been considered as a non-invasive imaging tool to provide real-time, local information of wetting in membrane distillation (MD). However, the follow-up research question is how to quantitatively assess the localized wetting development in order to prevent system failure. This study aims to develop a quantification method based on the changes in the intensity distribution within OCT three-dimensional datasets (volume scan, C-scans). The achieved maps elucidate the wetting depth (e.g., wetting progress) across the membrane area in various cases. Severe wetting with homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution, and even subtle wetting have been quantified successfully. Results indicate that an increase in the volume of wetted membrane (expressed as the wetting ratio) does not necessarily correspond to an increase in the membrane area that is fully wetted (expressed as fully-wetted fraction), revealing the limiting parameter for deterioration in condensate quality. Additionally, the underlying mechanism governing the wetting behavior was also discussed based on the quantified wetting parameters. This OCT-based method would be helpful to investigate wetting not only for MD but also potentially for other membrane processes involving two-phase flow such as gas–liquid membrane contactors and membrane biofilm reactors.

光学相干断层扫描（OCT）被认为是一种非侵入性成像工具，可提供膜蒸馏（MD）过程中润湿的实时、局部信息。然而，如何定量评估局部润湿发展，以防止系统失效，是后续研究的问题。本研究旨在建立一种基于OCT三维数据集（体扫描、c扫描）内强度分布变化的量化方法。所获得的图阐明了在不同情况下膜区域的润湿深度（例如，润湿过程）。均质和非均质分布的严重润湿，甚至细微润湿都已成功量化。结果表明，润湿膜体积（表示为润湿比）的增加并不一定对应于完全润湿的膜面积（表示为完全润湿分数）的增加，从而揭示了冷凝水质量恶化的限制参数。此外，基于量化的润湿参数，还讨论了控制润湿行为的潜在机理。这种基于oct的方法不仅有助于研究MD的润湿性，而且还可能用于其他涉及两相流的膜工艺，如气液膜接触器和膜生物膜反应器。

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引用次数: 0

Combined brine concentration and crystallization using air gap diffusion distillation for high-salinity desalination 采用气隙扩散蒸馏法将盐水浓缩与结晶结合用于高盐度海水淡化

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119921

Walter P. Parker Jr. , Jordan D. Kocher , Michael J. Adams , Taekyu Kim , Akanksha K. Menon

Conventional desalination technologies have low water recoveries, consume high-grade energy, and require substantial pretreatment and maintenance. To address this, we introduce a combined brine concentrator and crystallizer based on Air Gap Diffusion Distillation (AGDD) that operates without membranes or tube bundles that are prone to scaling or corrosion. A counterflow heat exchanger design is used for latent heat recovery (which minimizes external energy needed), and film-wise evaporation occurs on patterned polymeric heat transfer surfaces (which kinetically hinders salt precipitation and minimizes interfacial adhesion). These design characteristics are leveraged in a bench-scale prototype to demonstrate brine concentration from 7 to 20 wt% (minimal liquid discharge with 70% water recovery), which produces permeate of potable water quality. Further concentration to saturation conditions at 26 wt% demonstrates zero liquid discharge (ZLD), with effective removal of precipitated salts from the evaporator surface. This highlights AGDD's ability to transform brine into freshwater and a source for minerals recovery.

传统的海水淡化技术水回收率低，能耗高，需要大量的预处理和维护。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了一种基于气隙扩散蒸馏（AGDD）的组合盐水浓缩器和结晶器，该装置没有容易结垢或腐蚀的膜或管束。逆流热交换器设计用于潜热回收（最大限度地减少外部能量需求），薄膜蒸发发生在图案聚合物传热表面（从动力学上阻止盐沉淀并最大限度地减少界面粘附）。这些设计特性在一个实验规模的原型中得到了充分利用，以证明盐水浓度为7 - 20 wt%（最小液体排放量，70%水回收率），从而产生饮用水质量的渗透。进一步浓缩至饱和状态，达到26 wt%，表明零液体排放（ZLD），有效地去除蒸发器表面的沉淀盐。这凸显了AGDD将盐水转化为淡水和矿物回收来源的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic high-flux desalination via multistage photothermal-electric coupling 多级光热-电耦合协同高通量脱盐

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119878

Ruduan Yuan , Jiacheng Wang , Yuting He , Yang Geng , Jinshuai Wang , Meng Xia , Kaixin Wang , Jiaxin Luo , Zhaoyu Chen , Qinglin Zhang , Jingxuan Lin , Yuxi Yang , Juanxiu Xiao , Yujie Zheng , Chin Foo Goh , Meng Li

Freshwater scarcity and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel–driven desalination have driven the need for low-energy, sustainable seawater treatment technologies. Both inverted solar evaporation (ISE) and capacitive deionization (CDI) technologies show promising application prospects in seawater desalination. However, the inherent limitations restrict freshwater production. Herein, we present a multistage high-flux photothermal-electric coupled desalinator (HPED) integrating ISE and CDI, enabling simultaneous high water-production and high-efficiency desalination. The synergistic effect of thermal and electric fields mitigates the limitations of both technologies. Specifically, the introduction of the electric field reduces the evaporation enthalpy of seawater in the ISE and inhibits the generation of salt crystals, while the thermal field accelerates the ion transport and improves the desalination rate. As a result, the five-stage HPED achieves a distillation yield of 3.25 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ (distilled water yield: 15.24 kg m⁻² day⁻¹) and a high desalination capacity of 2.05 g m-2 (capacitive deionized water yield: 78.65 kg m⁻² day⁻¹) under one sun illumination (1000 W m⁻²). Therefore, the proposed HPED system efficiently produces fresh water for domestic use and irrigation, providing a sustainable approach to simultaneously addressing the interconnected challenges of energy security, water security and food production.

淡水短缺和化石燃料驱动的海水淡化对环境的影响促使人们需要低能耗、可持续的海水处理技术。倒转太阳蒸发（ISE）技术和电容去离子（CDI）技术在海水淡化中都有很好的应用前景。然而，固有的限制限制了淡水的生产。在此，我们提出了一种集成ISE和CDI的多级高通量光热电耦合脱盐器（HPED），可以同时实现高产水量和高效脱盐。热和电场的协同效应减轻了这两种技术的局限性。具体而言，电场的引入降低了ISE中海水的蒸发焓，抑制了盐晶体的生成，而热场则加速了离子的输运，提高了脱盐速率。因此，在一次太阳光照（1000 W m−2）下，五阶段HPED的蒸馏水产率为3.25 kg m−2 h−1（蒸馏水产率：15.24 kg m−2 day−1），脱盐能力为2.05 g m−2（电容去离子水产率：78.65 kg m−2 day−1）。因此，拟议的HPED系统有效地为家庭用水和灌溉生产淡水，为同时解决能源安全、水安全和粮食生产等相互关联的挑战提供了一种可持续的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemically highly selective removal of lead ions from multicomponent water via synergy from covalent organic framework and hollow mesoporous carbon sphere 共价有机骨架与中空介孔碳球协同作用，电化学高选择性去除多组分水中铅离子

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119879

Shengyu Wu , Wenle Xing , Kunyue Luo , Yong Long , Jiao Yi , Xinnian Wang , Wangwang Tang

Lead ions (Pb²⁺) in water pose significant threats to human health and ecological safety. However, diverse metal ions may coexist, and the highly efficient and selective removal of Pb²⁺ from water is a great challenge. This study innovatively proposed an asymmetric electrochemical separation technique with redox-active mesoporous carbon hollow sphere@covalent organic framework (MCHS@COF) composite as the cathode to selectively remove Pb²⁺ from complex water matrix. Specifically, COFs featuring a conjugated aromatic framework and bearing abundant nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms were grown in-situ hydrothermally on the MCHS. This configuration allowed rapid ion transport kinetics, inhibited COF aggregation, exposed abundant active sites for Pb²⁺ capture, and enhanced electrode conductivity and stability through the synergistic effects of electrostatic interaction and coordination interaction. Results revealed that, after 120-min treatment at 1.2 V, hybridization of MCHS and COF in an appropriate ratio (e.g., MCHS@COF-1) achieved a high Pb²⁺ removal efficiency of 96%, a remarkable Pb²⁺/Na⁺ selectivity of 8.7 and a low effluent Pb²⁺ concentration of 0.4 mg L⁻¹ when treating a mixed solution of 10 mg L⁻¹ Pb²⁺ and 100 mg L⁻¹ Na⁺. Furthermore, it demonstrated exceptional electrode regeneration and cycling stability, and exhibited a high Pb²⁺ removal selectivity versus other common metal ions (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cd²⁺, etc.). Experimental investigation and theoretical calculation revealed the mechanism and provided a fundamental understanding of the preferential capture and selectivity of the developed electrode for Pb²⁺. This study boosts the technological advancement in the field of selective removal of heavy metals from multicomponent wastewater.

水中铅离子（Pb2+）对人类健康和生态安全构成重大威胁。然而，多种金属离子可能共存，高效、选择性地去除水中的Pb2+是一个巨大的挑战。本研究创新性地提出了一种以氧化还原活性介孔碳中空sphere@covalent有机骨架（MCHS@COF）复合材料为阴极的非对称电化学分离技术，以选择性地去除复杂水基质中的Pb2+。具体而言，在MCHS上原位水热生长了具有共轭芳香骨架和丰富氮氧杂原子的COFs。这种结构允许快速离子传输动力学，抑制COF聚集，暴露丰富的Pb2+捕获活性位点，并通过静电相互作用和配位相互作用的协同作用增强电极的电导率和稳定性。结果表明，在1.2 V下处理120 min后，MCHS与COF以适当的比例（例如MCHS@COF-1）杂交，在处理10 mg L−1 Pb2+和100 mg L−1 Na+的混合溶液时，Pb2+去除率高达96%，Pb2+/Na+选择性为8.7，出水Pb2+浓度较低，为0.4 mg L−1。此外，它表现出优异的电极再生和循环稳定性，并表现出对其他常见金属离子（K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Fe3+， Cd2+等）的高Pb2+去除选择性。实验研究和理论计算揭示了其机理，并为所研制的电极对Pb2+的优先捕获和选择性提供了基本的认识。本研究促进了多组分废水中重金属的选择性去除技术的发展。

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