Desalination最新文献_第7页

Machine learning-based prediction of desalination capacity of electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped for capacitive deionization

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118820

Hao Kong , Ming Gao , Ran Li , Luwei Miao , Yuchen Kang , Weilong Xiao , Wenqing Chen , Tianqi Ao , Haiyan Mou

Nitrogen doping has been widely applied in the field of capacitive deionization (CDI) desalination. However, the relationship between multiple forms of nitrogen doping, their proportions, and their effects on electrochemical and desalination performance remains unclear. Machine learning, as an emerging tool for handling large datasets, holds significant potential in optimizing CDI electrode performance. Hence, this study uses machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), to clarify the nonlinear relationships between nitrogen doping and electrochemical performance, identifying the key influencing features. The GBR model demonstrates strong predictive accuracy with high goodness-of-fit. Additionally, the contributions of each feature to the model predictions is explained through Permutation Feature Importance (PFI), Embedded Feature Importance (EFI), and SHAP values, the results demonstrate the substantial impact of external conditions, such as concentration and voltage, along with specific capacitance as an intrinsic material property. Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) further illustrate the synergistic effects of different nitrogen forms and specific capacitance on desalination performance, with optimal doping levels identified as 1–1.5 at.% for N6, below 1 at.% for N5, and minimized N4 content to enhance electrochemical and salt adsorption properties. Finally, DFT calculations provide insights into the microscopic doping mechanisms, and a new dataset validates the accuracy of model. This study offers theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of CDI electrode materials and provides a strategic approach for machine learning applications in the CDI field.

{"title":"Machine learning-based prediction of desalination capacity of electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped for capacitive deionization","authors":"Hao Kong , Ming Gao , Ran Li , Luwei Miao , Yuchen Kang , Weilong Xiao , Wenqing Chen , Tianqi Ao , Haiyan Mou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen doping has been widely applied in the field of capacitive deionization (CDI) desalination. However, the relationship between multiple forms of nitrogen doping, their proportions, and their effects on electrochemical and desalination performance remains unclear. Machine learning, as an emerging tool for handling large datasets, holds significant potential in optimizing CDI electrode performance. Hence, this study uses machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), to clarify the nonlinear relationships between nitrogen doping and electrochemical performance, identifying the key influencing features. The GBR model demonstrates strong predictive accuracy with high goodness-of-fit. Additionally, the contributions of each feature to the model predictions is explained through Permutation Feature Importance (PFI), Embedded Feature Importance (EFI), and SHAP values, the results demonstrate the substantial impact of external conditions, such as concentration and voltage, along with specific capacitance as an intrinsic material property. Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) further illustrate the synergistic effects of different nitrogen forms and specific capacitance on desalination performance, with optimal doping levels identified as 1–1.5 at.% for N6, below 1 at.% for N5, and minimized N4 content to enhance electrochemical and salt adsorption properties. Finally, DFT calculations provide insights into the microscopic doping mechanisms, and a new dataset validates the accuracy of model. This study offers theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of CDI electrode materials and provides a strategic approach for machine learning applications in the CDI field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118820"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of single tube falling film heat transfer performance considering dynamic growth of fouling

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118818

Boyu Wang, Yuzhe Niu, Di Wang, Xingsen Mu, Yali Guo, Shengqiang Shen

The heat transfer process in horizontal tube falling film flow generally involves gas-liquid phase change and dynamic growth of porous fouling layers. However, most studies neglect fouling effects. This paper uses the finite element method to conduct a coupled numerical simulation of falling film flow, phase change heat transfer, and fouling growth, and studies the variation trend of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and the average HTC as the fouling grows. Under constant temperature heating, the HTC of water and seawater during saturated evaporation decreases along the circumference, with a decrease of about 56 % in the top region (0°-20°) of the tube. The HTC of saturated evaporation increases with evaporation temperature and spray density. Especially in the range of θ < 20° and θ > 160°, the rise in spray density has a greater impact on HTC. Under the influence of seawater fouling, both h_i and h_w show a decreasing trend as the inlet liquid film temperature increases. Under constant heat flux, the HTC of saturated evaporation is independent of evaporation temperature and increases with spray density. With the accumulation of fouling, the h_ave-i and h_ave-w show a downward trend. The non-boiling HTC of water and seawater has a lower decline rate along the circumference. Due to the effect of fouling growth on the flow boundary layer, h_i and h_w first increase and subsequently decrease within 20° < θ < 160°. Under constant heat flux, h_ave-i and h_ave-w of non-boiling change from an increasing trend with increasing inlet temperature to a decreasing trend as fouling accumulates.

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引用次数: 0

A π-conjugated imine-rich organic material with exceptional pseudocapacitive properties for high-performance electrochemical desalination

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118817

Guangxing Li , Yueheng Tao , Tao Zhang , Yong Wu , Peng Xiao , Mingming Guo , Minjie Shi

Capacitive deionization (CDI) holds immense potential for desalinating brackish and saline water. While organic materials have shown promise as electrode materials, their limited redox-active sites and low electron mobility present obstacles to their widespread use in CDI devices. Herein, a novel imine-rich organic compound, named HHAL, has been successfully synthesized using a one-step fused-ring condensation reaction. The HHAL molecule features a π-conjugated framework that enables substantial redox activity and superior electron mobility, as demonstrated by its exceptionally low HOMO-LUMO gap of ~1.93 eV. Additionally, the inclusion of abundant imine-based active sites within the HHAL molecule enhances Na⁺ capture, resulting in a large specific capacitance of 359 F g⁻¹ in NaCl aqueous solution. The mechanism of Na⁺ electrosorption and the related kinetic processes have been extensively studied through a combination of electrochemical measurements, in-situ characterization, and theoretical calculations. As a result, a hybrid CDI device incorporating the HHAL electrode has been crafted, showcasing an impressive desalination capacity of 78 mg g⁻¹, a swift average desalination rate of 2.6 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹, and reliable regeneration performance, retaining approximately 98 % efficiency after 50 cycles. Therefore, these findings underscore the significant potential of this CDI device for high-efficiency desalination applications.

电容式去离子（CDI）在淡化苦咸水和盐水方面具有巨大的潜力。虽然有机材料有望成为电极材料，但其有限的氧化还原活性位点和较低的电子迁移率阻碍了它们在 CDI 设备中的广泛应用。在此，我们采用一步熔环缩合反应成功合成了一种富含亚胺的新型有机化合物，命名为 HHAL。HHAL 分子具有π-共轭框架，可实现强大的氧化还原活性和卓越的电子迁移率，其约 1.93 eV 的超低 HOMO-LUMO 间隙就证明了这一点。此外，HHAL 分子中含有丰富的亚胺活性位点，增强了对 Na+ 的捕获，从而在氯化钠水溶液中产生了 359 F g-1 的巨大比电容。通过结合电化学测量、原位表征和理论计算，我们对 Na+ 电吸附机理和相关动力学过程进行了广泛研究。结果，一个包含 HHAL 电极的混合 CDI 设备被制作出来，其脱盐能力高达 78 mg g-1，平均脱盐速率为 2.6 mg g-1 min-1，再生性能可靠，在 50 次循环后仍能保持约 98% 的效率。因此，这些研究结果凸显了这种 CDI 设备在高效海水淡化应用方面的巨大潜力。

{"title":"A π-conjugated imine-rich organic material with exceptional pseudocapacitive properties for high-performance electrochemical desalination","authors":"Guangxing Li , Yueheng Tao , Tao Zhang , Yong Wu , Peng Xiao , Mingming Guo , Minjie Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capacitive deionization (CDI) holds immense potential for desalinating brackish and saline water. While organic materials have shown promise as electrode materials, their limited redox-active sites and low electron mobility present obstacles to their widespread use in CDI devices. Herein, a novel imine-rich organic compound, named HHAL, has been successfully synthesized using a one-step fused-ring condensation reaction. The HHAL molecule features a π-conjugated framework that enables substantial redox activity and superior electron mobility, as demonstrated by its exceptionally low HOMO-LUMO gap of ~1.93 eV. Additionally, the inclusion of abundant imine-based active sites within the HHAL molecule enhances Na<sup>+</sup> capture, resulting in a large specific capacitance of 359 F g<sup>−1</sup> in NaCl aqueous solution. The mechanism of Na<sup>+</sup> electrosorption and the related kinetic processes have been extensively studied through a combination of electrochemical measurements, in-situ characterization, and theoretical calculations. As a result, a hybrid CDI device incorporating the HHAL electrode has been crafted, showcasing an impressive desalination capacity of 78 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, a swift average desalination rate of 2.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, and reliable regeneration performance, retaining approximately 98 % efficiency after 50 cycles. Therefore, these findings underscore the significant potential of this CDI device for high-efficiency desalination applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118817"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of semi-batch reverse osmosis configurations

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118805

Philip A. Davies

Semi-batch reverse osmosis (RO) is a non-conventional approach to RO intended for high-recovery desalination, whereby the RO membrane module is placed in a pressurised recirculation loop that is continually supplied with saline feed. In some variants, the loop includes an additional vessel to lengthen the cycle time or to facilitate continuous operation. This vessel can also enable a batch phase of the cycle (i.e., hybrid semi-batch/batch RO operation, HSBRO). Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the effect of the additional vessel and how best to configure it. Here, we compare four configurations: a well-mixed vessel downstream of the mixing point of the feed (Dx); a well-mixed vessel upstream of the mixing point (Ux); a plug-flow vessel downstream of the mixing point (Dg); and a plug-flow vessel upstream of the mixing point (Ug). Compared to Dx and Dg, the upstream configurations Ux and Ug consume less energy because they favour supply of low concentration feed to the membrane. This advantage grows at high concentration factor. The differences between well-mixed and plug flow are marginal except at low concentration factors. Considering practical losses, modelling shows that configuration Ux can save 9 % energy over Dx in a HSBRO system comprising two RO membranes treating brackish water with a concentration factor of 35.

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of antibiofouling and uranium extraction from seawater with β-cyclodextrin microcapsules/polyamidoxime porous network membrane

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118808

Yan Yu , Jingyuan Liu , Qi Liu , Rongrong Chen , Jing Yu , Jiahui Zhu , Qingyang Liu , V.M. Masalov , G.A. Emelchenko , N.S. Sukhinina , Jun Wang

Uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is considered a feasible strategy to ensure long-term development of nuclear energy. Herein, a novel anti-biofouling membrane adsorbent (CDM/PAO) with sustained-release effect was prepared by blending β-cyclodextrin microcapsules (β-CDM) as a hydrophilic additive with polyamidoxime (PAO) using phase inversion method. The addition of β-CDM enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membrane and facilitated the formation of a porous structure, which contributed to the increase in water flux and rapid mass transfer of UO₂²⁺ to the active sites. The synergistic effect between β-CD hydroxyl groups and amidoxime groups provided CDM/PAO with exceptional adsorption performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of up to 653.31 mg·g⁻¹. Simultaneously, the sustained release of cinnamaldehyde from β-CDM imparted excellent antimicrobial properties to CDM/PAO, the uranium adsorption capacity only decreased by a maximum of 7.4 % in bacterial-containing uranium solutions. Remarkably, the CDM/PAO membrane was capable of treating a substantial volume of flowing seawater, achieving a uranium extraction rate of 84.73 % following a 15-day continuous filtration of 500 L of concentrated seawater. The outstanding performance of CDM/PAO is expected to expand the industrialization path of UES.

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引用次数: 0

High-performance organic solvent nanofiltration membrane enabled by polar cross-linked sulfonated polyaniline separation layer

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118819

Shuai Jiang , Mengyang Hu , Shaofan Duan , Kecheng Guan , Pengfei Zhang , Haifeng Shi , Xiaokun Liu , Hideto Matsuyama

Achieving high-efficiency treatment with organic solvents is essential for the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane technology is highly anticipated due to its low cost, low energy consumption, and high effectiveness. Polyamide (PA) membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) are commonly used as separation layer materials with high selectivity and chemical stability. However, their inherently dense structure seriously weakens their separation efficiency. In this study, cross-linked sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) was designed and synthesized according to the characteristics of the OSN separation process. A composite membrane with SPANI as the separation layer was prepared on a polyimide (PI) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane using the simple spin-coating method. Due to the loose internal structure and high polarity of the SPANI separation layer, the prepared PI-SPANI-0.05 membrane displays high methanol permeance at 5.6 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ which is 8 times of PA membrane (0.7 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹), and it also maintains satisfactory dye rejection towards methyl orange (Mw = 327 g mol⁻¹) at 95.6 % and complete rejection towards rose bengal (Mw = 1018 g mol⁻¹). In addition, even when operated under a strong corrosive N, N-dimethylformamide environment, the PI-SPANI membrane still exhibits stable permeance and ultra-high dye rejection for 960 h. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of SPANI utilized as the separation layer in the OSN membrane. It offers a new alternative to PA layer, possessing the potential for enhanced efficiency in organic solvent treatment and demonstrating promising prospects for practical application.

{"title":"High-performance organic solvent nanofiltration membrane enabled by polar cross-linked sulfonated polyaniline separation layer","authors":"Shuai Jiang , Mengyang Hu , Shaofan Duan , Kecheng Guan , Pengfei Zhang , Haifeng Shi , Xiaokun Liu , Hideto Matsuyama","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high-efficiency treatment with organic solvents is essential for the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane technology is highly anticipated due to its low cost, low energy consumption, and high effectiveness. Polyamide (PA) membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) are commonly used as separation layer materials with high selectivity and chemical stability. However, their inherently dense structure seriously weakens their separation efficiency. In this study, cross-linked sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) was designed and synthesized according to the characteristics of the OSN separation process. A composite membrane with SPANI as the separation layer was prepared on a polyimide (PI) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane using the simple spin-coating method. Due to the loose internal structure and high polarity of the SPANI separation layer, the prepared PI-SPANI-0.05 membrane displays high methanol permeance at 5.6 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> which is 8 times of PA membrane (0.7 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup>), and it also maintains satisfactory dye rejection towards methyl orange (Mw = 327 g mol<sup>−1</sup>) at 95.6 % and complete rejection towards rose bengal (Mw = 1018 g mol<sup>−1</sup>). In addition, even when operated under a strong corrosive <em>N</em>, <em>N</em>-dimethylformamide environment, the PI-SPANI membrane still exhibits stable permeance and ultra-high dye rejection for 960 h. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of SPANI utilized as the separation layer in the OSN membrane. It offers a new alternative to PA layer, possessing the potential for enhanced efficiency in organic solvent treatment and demonstrating promising prospects for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118819"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stable low-cost composite sulfonated PEEK polyethylene extraction membranes for battery purity Li2CO3 from brine

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118816

Wei Li , RongRong He , Nan Sun , Galina S. Tsebrikova , Vladimir E. Baulin , Serafima S. Slobodskaia , Alexey Volkov , Tao He

To produce battery grade Li₂CO₃ from salt-lake brines has been a challenging task because of various contamination cations. Liquid-liquid extraction has been very selective in extraction of Li⁺ from brine, but loss of organic extractant has been critical issue from environmental, ecological concerns. This paper showed for the first time preparation of pure Li₂CO₃ based on a membrane extract-scrubbing-stripping-precipitate process via developing a low cost, chemically stable, high Li⁺ flux extraction membrane. Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)- polyethylene (SPEEK-PE) composite membranes were successfully developed by infiltrating SPEEK/methanol solution into an ultrathin porous PE separator. The hydrophilic nature of the dense SPEEK hydrogel layer prevented penetrating of the organic extractant into the membrane pores, improved the chemical stability of the membrane and maintained high ion transport flux. Higher sulfonation in SPEEK displayed better mass transfer coefficient K_e and only a 3 % decrease in K_e after ten days immersion in organics. To demonstrate the application of membrane extraction, battery-grade Li₂CO₃ products (99.7 wt%) were successfully prepared using a membrane extract-scrubbing-stripping-precipitate process. The economic evaluation of the process indicated that the production cost of lithium carbonate allows wide profit margin. The research showcased the feasibility of extracting Li⁺ from brine using the membrane extraction.

{"title":"Stable low-cost composite sulfonated PEEK polyethylene extraction membranes for battery purity Li2CO3 from brine","authors":"Wei Li , RongRong He , Nan Sun , Galina S. Tsebrikova , Vladimir E. Baulin , Serafima S. Slobodskaia , Alexey Volkov , Tao He","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To produce battery grade Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> from salt-lake brines has been a challenging task because of various contamination cations. Liquid-liquid extraction has been very selective in extraction of Li<sup>+</sup> from brine, but loss of organic extractant has been critical issue from environmental, ecological concerns. This paper showed for the first time preparation of pure Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> based on a membrane extract-scrubbing-stripping-precipitate process <em>via</em> developing a low cost, chemically stable, high Li<sup>+</sup> flux extraction membrane. Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)- polyethylene (SPEEK-PE) composite membranes were successfully developed by infiltrating SPEEK/methanol solution into an ultrathin porous PE separator. The hydrophilic nature of the dense SPEEK hydrogel layer prevented penetrating of the organic extractant into the membrane pores, improved the chemical stability of the membrane and maintained high ion transport flux. Higher sulfonation in SPEEK displayed better mass transfer coefficient <em>K</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> and only a 3 % decrease in <em>K</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> after ten days immersion in organics. To demonstrate the application of membrane extraction, battery-grade Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> products (99.7 wt%) were successfully prepared using a membrane extract-scrubbing-stripping-precipitate process. The economic evaluation of the process indicated that the production cost of lithium carbonate allows wide profit margin. The research showcased the feasibility of extracting Li<sup>+</sup> from brine using the membrane extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118816"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical challenges in high-salinity seawater reverse osmosis systems: Technical, energy, and environmental reviews

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118811

Jeongwoo Moon , Suji Son , Jungbin Kim , Kiho Park

Despite Earth's abundant water supply, global freshwater scarcity persists due to the limited availability of freshwater resources, highlighting the urgency of developing innovative desalination technologies. The growing water demand has driven the rapid expansion of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems. However, since most of the favorable locations for SWRO plants are already occupied by existing plants, new installations are increasingly focusing on high-salinity seawater feeds, which presents technical, energy, and environmental challenges. This paper reviews critical issues associated with high-salinity SWRO systems, focusing on technical, energy, and environmental aspects. High-salinity seawater desalination involves the treatment of feed water with salinity exceeding 40 g/L or brine concentrations over 80 g/L. This review categorizes advanced SWRO systems based on their operational principles, with practical conditions for real-world applications considered. The performance of these systems is compared based on specific energy consumption data, revealing energy-saving opportunities in high-salinity seawater treatment processes. Environmental challenges are addressed through brine discharge modeling, life cycle assessment, and exergo-environmental analysis, providing insights into minimizing environmental impacts. Nonetheless, developing low-energy, sustainable desalination systems with minimal environmental impacts requires a systematic framework. Overall, this paper comprehensively reviews the challenges associated with high-salinity seawater desalination and outlines potential research directions for addressing them.

{"title":"Critical challenges in high-salinity seawater reverse osmosis systems: Technical, energy, and environmental reviews","authors":"Jeongwoo Moon , Suji Son , Jungbin Kim , Kiho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite Earth's abundant water supply, global freshwater scarcity persists due to the limited availability of freshwater resources, highlighting the urgency of developing innovative desalination technologies. The growing water demand has driven the rapid expansion of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems. However, since most of the favorable locations for SWRO plants are already occupied by existing plants, new installations are increasingly focusing on high-salinity seawater feeds, which presents technical, energy, and environmental challenges. This paper reviews critical issues associated with high-salinity SWRO systems, focusing on technical, energy, and environmental aspects. High-salinity seawater desalination involves the treatment of feed water with salinity exceeding 40 g/L or brine concentrations over 80 g/L. This review categorizes advanced SWRO systems based on their operational principles, with practical conditions for real-world applications considered. The performance of these systems is compared based on specific energy consumption data, revealing energy-saving opportunities in high-salinity seawater treatment processes. Environmental challenges are addressed through brine discharge modeling, life cycle assessment, and exergo-environmental analysis, providing insights into minimizing environmental impacts. Nonetheless, developing low-energy, sustainable desalination systems with minimal environmental impacts requires a systematic framework. Overall, this paper comprehensively reviews the challenges associated with high-salinity seawater desalination and outlines potential research directions for addressing them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118811"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteomics and RNA sequencing analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm on reverse osmosis membrane for wastewater reclamation

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118814

Min Hee Lee , Seung-Ju Choi , Seoktae Kang , Hee-Jung Jung , Dong Soo Hwang

As the molecular mechanisms of biofouling and biofilm formation are not fully understood, biofouling during the reverse osmosis (RO) process remains a challenging problem. In this study, the proteome from extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Escherichia coli biofilm as a model biofilm, was analyzed during the RO membrane process to understand the biofouling mechanism. Employing liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the intrinsically disordered peptide (IDP) INLLDDNQFTR located in outer membrane porin C (OmpC) was identified as one of the main fragments in the proteome. This peptide enhanced both the attachment of cells on the membrane surface and microbial swarming. A RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes regulating cell division and flagellar movements were up-regulated for the formation of` biofilms. Nanomechanics based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the peptide strongly interacts with the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall. Overall, the OmpC IDP stimulates cell attachment through cell-to-cell communication or cell division, accelerating biofouling of the membrane surface. It is anticipated that an antagonist of the IDP of OmpC could be effective for regulating biofouling during the RO process.

{"title":"Proteomics and RNA sequencing analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm on reverse osmosis membrane for wastewater reclamation","authors":"Min Hee Lee , Seung-Ju Choi , Seoktae Kang , Hee-Jung Jung , Dong Soo Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the molecular mechanisms of biofouling and biofilm formation are not fully understood, biofouling during the reverse osmosis (RO) process remains a challenging problem. In this study, the proteome from extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of <em>Escherichia coli</em> biofilm as a model biofilm, was analyzed during the RO membrane process to understand the biofouling mechanism. Employing liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the intrinsically disordered peptide (IDP) INLLDDNQFTR located in outer membrane porin C (OmpC) was identified as one of the main fragments in the proteome. This peptide enhanced both the attachment of cells on the membrane surface and microbial swarming. A RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes regulating cell division and flagellar movements were up-regulated for the formation of` biofilms. Nanomechanics based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the peptide strongly interacts with the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall. Overall, the OmpC IDP stimulates cell attachment through cell-to-cell communication or cell division, accelerating biofouling of the membrane surface. It is anticipated that an antagonist of the IDP of OmpC could be effective for regulating biofouling during the RO process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogel-driven salt fouling free FO-SIE integrated process for seawater desalination

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118815

Shicheng Ma , Ke Shi , Tianyu Gu , Shuangchao Tian , Zhiwei Zhou , Xing Li , Chen Wang , Hokyong Shon , Jiawei Ren

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) is a low-energy, environmentally friendly seawater desalination technology with significant potential for water resource regeneration and resource recovery. However, challenges such as preventing salt crystallization fouling and maintaining high evaporation efficiency during prolonged seawater exposure persist. The Forward osmosis (FO) process can effectively reject salts in seawater, creating favorable conditions for the continuous operation of SIE. In this study, an integrated FO-SIE coupling process was developed using a custom-designed membrane module. A poly(acrylamide-co-isopropyl acrylamide) (PAM-NIPAM) three-dimensional double-network hydrogel evaporator was fabricated, with phlorizin (PHL) as a hydrophilic agent and graphene oxide (GO) as a photothermal agent. The system achieved an efficient evaporation rate of 3.05 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Following FO pretreatment with sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as the draw solution (DS), the reverse solute flux (RSF) remained consistently below 0.7 g m⁻² h⁻¹ throughout the process, effectively preventing salt ion fouling in the evaporator. During continuous seawater purification, no salt crystallization was observed, and the evaporation rate sustained an average of approximately 2.80 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. In contrast, in the separate FO process, the DS concentration gradually diluted over time. By integrating the SIE process and utilizing the hydrogel for continuous photothermal evaporation, the DS concentration was maintained, ensuring the sustained operation of FO. This study advances the development of energy-efficient membrane separation systems powered by solar energy and provides new insights into practical seawater desalination and anti-fouling strategies in SIE applications.

{"title":"Hydrogel-driven salt fouling free FO-SIE integrated process for seawater desalination","authors":"Shicheng Ma , Ke Shi , Tianyu Gu , Shuangchao Tian , Zhiwei Zhou , Xing Li , Chen Wang , Hokyong Shon , Jiawei Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) is a low-energy, environmentally friendly seawater desalination technology with significant potential for water resource regeneration and resource recovery. However, challenges such as preventing salt crystallization fouling and maintaining high evaporation efficiency during prolonged seawater exposure persist. The Forward osmosis (FO) process can effectively reject salts in seawater, creating favorable conditions for the continuous operation of SIE. In this study, an integrated FO-SIE coupling process was developed using a custom-designed membrane module. A poly(acrylamide-<em>co</em>-isopropyl acrylamide) (PAM-NIPAM) three-dimensional double-network hydrogel evaporator was fabricated, with phlorizin (PHL) as a hydrophilic agent and graphene oxide (GO) as a photothermal agent. The system achieved an efficient evaporation rate of 3.05 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. Following FO pretreatment with sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as the draw solution (DS), the reverse solute flux (RSF) remained consistently below 0.7 g m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> throughout the process, effectively preventing salt ion fouling in the evaporator. During continuous seawater purification, no salt crystallization was observed, and the evaporation rate sustained an average of approximately 2.80 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. In contrast, in the separate FO process, the DS concentration gradually diluted over time. By integrating the SIE process and utilizing the hydrogel for continuous photothermal evaporation, the DS concentration was maintained, ensuring the sustained operation of FO. This study advances the development of energy-efficient membrane separation systems powered by solar energy and provides new insights into practical seawater desalination and anti-fouling strategies in SIE applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118815"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0