Desalination最新文献_第7页

Fabrication of green xylose-based nanofiltration membrane with enhanced performance and chlorine resistance 制备具有更高性能和耐氯性的绿色木糖基纳滤膜

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118243

Yumeng Xie , Jing Ren , Peng Liu , Junfeng Zheng , Zhaohuan Mai , Yanyan Liu , Xuewu Zhu , Xin Li , Daliang Xu , Heng Liang

Nanofiltration technology has been widely used in drinking water purification due to its excellent permeance and selectivity properties, especially in small molecular solute separation. However, using oxidizing agents in the pretreatment process for fouling control threatens the nanofiltration membrane structure, leading to the deterioration of the separation performance. Herein, we fabricate a polyester nanofiltration membrane utilizing xylose as an aqueous monomer in the interfacial polymerization process. Due to abundant hydroxyl groups and low reactivity of xylose monomers, the polyester membrane possessed a hydrophilic and thin separation layer, which led to high water permeance with the optimal value of 28.7 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹. Possessing highly cross-linking structures and negatively charged surfaces, the fabricated polyester membranes showed an excellent Na₂SO₄ rejection of up to 95.4 %. In addition, the low electron-donating property of polyester membranes ensured their chemical stability toward active chlorine. This endows relatively stable performance of the polyester membrane after chlorine resistance tests in a wide pH range. This study presents a feasible approach employing green monomers for fabricating nanofiltration membranes with outstanding separation performance and robust chlorine resistance.

纳滤技术因其出色的渗透性和选择性，尤其是在小分子溶质分离方面，已被广泛应用于饮用水净化领域。然而，在预处理过程中使用氧化剂进行污垢控制会威胁纳滤膜的结构，导致分离性能下降。在此，我们利用木糖作为界面聚合过程中的水性单体，制作了一种聚酯纳滤膜。由于木糖单体具有丰富的羟基和较低的反应活性，聚酯膜具有亲水性和较薄的分离层，因而具有较高的透水性，最佳值为 28.7 L-m-2-h-1-bar-1。制作的聚酯膜具有高交联结构和带负电荷的表面，对 Na2SO4 的排斥率高达 95.4%。此外，聚酯膜的低电子捐献特性确保了其对活性氯的化学稳定性。这使得聚酯膜在广泛的 pH 值范围内进行耐氯测试后，性能相对稳定。这项研究提出了一种采用绿色单体制造纳滤膜的可行方法，这种膜具有出色的分离性能和强大的耐氯性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized performance of membrane-based desalination by high-throughput molecular dynamic simulations and machine learning analysis 通过高通量分子动力学模拟和机器学习分析优化膜法海水淡化性能

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118217

Jinji Cao , Zhaoqin Xu , Mingjie Wei , Lihan Li , Bin Wu , Yong Wang

The influence of pore size and hydrophilicity on the permeance of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been mostly focused. However, their influence is hardly to be clearly identified as these two kinds of factor interfere with each other. In this work, high-throughput molecular dynamics (HTMD) simulations with CNTs are used to extensively produce the data of water permeance and NaCl rejection. These data are then analyzed by machine learning (ML) method to obtain the optimized desalination performance. The HTMD results indicate that the pressure drop has little effect on the water permeance. Moreover, rising pore size and degrading hydrophilicity will generally boost water permeance but will somehow sacrifice the NaCl rejection. The interference effect between pore size and hydrophilicity is also found in this work, the mechanism of which is then revealed from molecular level. Additionally, ML is applied to analyze the abundant data of water permeance and NaCl rejection. The optimal conditions are identified to achieve the highest water permeance with 100% NaCl rejection, which are also validated via additional MD simulations. This work suggests that the integration of HTMD and ML promises the future of designing new kind of RO membranes for better performance.

孔径和亲水性对反渗透膜渗透性的影响一直是关注的焦点。然而，由于这两种因素会相互干扰，因此很难明确它们的影响。在这项工作中，使用 CNT 进行高通量分子动力学（HTMD）模拟，广泛生成了透水性和 NaCl 排阻数据。然后通过机器学习（ML）方法对这些数据进行分析，以获得优化的海水淡化性能。HTMD 结果表明，压降对透水量的影响很小。此外，增加孔径和降低亲水性通常会提高透水性，但会在一定程度上牺牲 NaCl 的去除率。本研究还发现了孔径和亲水性之间的干扰效应，并从分子层面揭示了其机理。此外，还应用了 ML 分析透水性和 NaCl 阻隔性的大量数据。确定了实现最高透水率和 100% NaCl 阻隔率的最佳条件，并通过额外的 MD 模拟进行了验证。这项工作表明，HTMD 和 ML 的整合有望在未来设计出性能更佳的新型反渗透膜。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering morphological architecture of superhydrophobic/hydrophilic composite membrane for efficient photothermal membrane distillation 用于高效光热膜蒸馏的超疏水/亲水复合膜的工程形态结构

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118240

Qian Liu , Zongjie He , Jianjia Yu , Lusi Zou

The viability and efficacy of photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) is still uncertain due to its inherent energy-efficiency and throughput mass flux limitation. Herein, we develop a delamination-free multilayer photothermal membrane that simultaneously imparts slashed mass transfer resistance, enhanced photothermal effect and strong water-repellency by engineering morphological architecture. Using a one-step programmed dual-channel electrospinning followed by an electrostatic spraying technique, the proposed membrane is composited by a thick water-intrudable hydrophilic supporting layer, a thin hydrophobic layer, and an ultrathin Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-engineered superhydrophobic layer. It is proposed that the morphological architecture engineering could render mitigation of mass transfer resistance, firm water-repellency, and robust heat localization. Hence, in addition to superior flux of 1.27 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (inlet feed/permeate at 20/20 °C) and 15.89 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (inlet feed/permeate at 50/20 °C), prominent solar efficiency (76.34 % and 96.45 %) of the proposed composite membrane (DS15-M) also was achieved during PMD operation (1.0 kW m⁻²). Moreover, the DS15-M showcased not only robust wetting resistance and long-term consistency, but also obviously mitigated temperature polarization effect during the PMD operation. This research work emphasizes the important role of morphological architecture in rendering performance enhancement, which is a significant implication in engineering membrane architecture for PMD application.

由于光热膜蒸馏（PMD）固有的能效和通量质量通量限制，其可行性和功效仍不确定。在此，我们开发了一种无分层的多层光热膜，通过形态结构的工程设计，同时实现了减小传质阻力、增强光热效应和提高憎水性的目的。利用一步式编程双通道电纺丝和静电喷涂技术，所提出的膜由厚的可渗透水的亲水支撑层、薄的疏水层和超薄的 Ti3C2Tx MXene 工程超疏水层组成。该形态结构工程可减轻传质阻力、提高憎水性和热定位能力。因此，在 PMD 运行期间（1.0 kW m-2），除了 1.27 L m-2 h-1 （20/20 °C 时的进料/过滤液）和 15.89 L m-2 h-1 （50/20 °C 时的进料/过滤液）的卓越通量外，拟议的复合膜（DS15-M）还实现了显著的太阳能效率（76.34 % 和 96.45 %）。此外，DS15-M 不仅具有强大的耐湿润性和长期一致性，而且在 PMD 运行期间明显减轻了温度极化效应。这项研究工作强调了形态结构在提高渲染性能方面的重要作用，这对永磁同步辐射应用的膜结构工程具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Study on PPTA/PEMs/PA composite NF membranes for highly efficient desalination of high-saline Kevlar® brine and long-term anti-scaling performance 研究 PPTA/PEMs/PA 复合 NF 膜对高盐度 Kevlar® 盐水的高效脱盐和长期抗结垢性能

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118222

Jialin Wei , Dinghe Yan , Zhiyuan Qiao , Jingwen Chu , Dawei Ji , Changfa Xiao , Chun Wang

It produces a large number of organic brine during the polymerization process of Kevlar®, which contains N-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) (NMP) and high concentrations of CaCl₂ and NaCl. The wastewater will cause serious pollution of water and soil resources if discharged directly. The separation and recycling of inorganic salts have been an industrial difficulty. In this paper, based on the novel concept of green self-recycling, we used Poly (p-phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA, resin of Kevlar®) ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate, composited the loose and curled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as interlayers and formed a homogeneous polyamide separation layer through interfacial polymerization, from which we obtained the homogeneous reinforcement aramid composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The composite NF membranes with different interlayer numbers showed different advantages. For single-component brine, the retentions of PEMs-1/PA membrane were 93 % and 98.4 % for 10 g/L CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ respectively. For mixed brine of 20 g/L CaCl₂ and NaCl, the retentions of PEMs-3/PA membrane were 87.13 % and 1.05 % for CaCl₂ and NaCl respectively with the separation factor as high as 82.95. In the test of long-term service stability, PEMs-3/PA maintained stable performance in 4 cycles total of 160 h. And the permeance could almost fully recover after pure water backwash of only 0.5 h. In addition, the structural stability and anti-scaling performance of the PEMs-3/PA membrane were further verified in high-temperature brine. Surprisingly, the obtained PPTA NF membrane in this work could effectively treat the high-saline brine in the Kevlar® polymerization process and would have more promising prospects in the treatment of industrial wastewater of brine.

在 Kevlar® 的聚合过程中会产生大量有机盐水，其中含有 N-（1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）（NMP）以及高浓度的 CaCl2 和 NaCl。废水直接排放会对水和土壤资源造成严重污染。无机盐的分离与回收一直是工业难题。本文基于绿色自循环的新理念，以聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺（PPTA，Kevlar® 的树脂）超滤膜为基材，复合疏松卷曲的聚电解质多层膜（PEMs）作为夹层，通过界面聚合形成均质的聚酰胺分离层，由此得到均质增强芳纶复合纳滤膜（NF）。不同夹层数的复合纳滤膜显示出不同的优势。对于单组分盐水，PEMs-1/PA 膜对 10 g/L CaCl2 和 MgSO4 的截留率分别为 93 % 和 98.4 %。对于 20 g/L CaCl2 和 NaCl 混合盐水，PEMs-3/PA 膜对 CaCl2 和 NaCl 的截留率分别为 87.13 % 和 1.05 %，分离因子高达 82.95。在长期使用稳定性测试中，PEMs-3/PA 膜在 4 个周期共 160 小时的使用中保持了稳定的性能，纯水反冲洗仅 0.5 小时后渗透率几乎完全恢复。令人惊喜的是，该研究获得的 PPTA NF 膜能有效处理 Kevlar® 聚合过程中的高盐度盐水，在处理盐水工业废水方面具有更广阔的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Interlayer-expanded 1T-phase MoS2 as a cathode material for enhanced capacitive deionization 层间扩展的 1T 相 MoS2 作为增强型电容式去离子阴极材料

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118211

Bingxue Pang , Lijuan Xiang , Kaiwen Wang, Shupei Zeng, Jing Guo, Nan Li

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a potential material for capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes due to its large surface area and theoretical capacitance. However, its low electrical conductivity and limited spacing between layers hinder the improvement of the desalination performance. In our research, we combined phase modulation and interlayer engineering methodologies to create a CDI electrode material made of metallic phase MoS₂ with expanded interlayer spacing. The high conductivity of the metallic phase facilitates rapid charge transport, while the expanded interlayer spacing (increased from 6.2 Å to 9.8 Å) promotes effective utilization of active sites and reduces the barriers for ion diffusion. The created electrode showcases a notable specific capacitance (131.1 F g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹) and an elevated capacitive contribution percentage (81 %). Additionally, it demonstrates a high desalination capacity of 47.1 mg g⁻¹ and a fast desalination rate of 2.4 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ in a 200 mg L⁻¹ NaCl solution. Furthermore, our density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate the essential role played by enlarged interlayer spacing in promoting Na⁺ insertion and accelerating its diffusion kinetics.

二硫化钼（MoS2）具有较大的表面积和理论电容，是电容式去离子（CDI）电极的潜在材料。然而，它的低导电性和有限的层间距阻碍了海水淡化性能的提高。在我们的研究中，我们结合了相位调制和层间工程方法，创造出一种由金属相 MoS2 制成的 CDI 电极材料，并扩大了层间间距。金属相的高电导率促进了电荷的快速传输，而扩大的层间距（从 6.2 Å 增加到 9.8 Å）促进了活性位点的有效利用，并降低了离子扩散的障碍。这种电极具有显著的比电容（10 mV s-1 时为 131.1 F g-1）和较高的电容贡献率（81%）。此外，在 200 毫克/升的氯化钠溶液中，它的脱盐能力高达 47.1 毫克/克-1，脱盐速度快达 2.4 毫克/克-1 分钟-1。此外，我们的密度泛函理论（DFT）计算还验证了扩大的层间间距在促进 Na+ 插入和加速其扩散动力学方面所起的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Perylene diimide-derived supramolecules-modified graphene sponge as a high-efficiency solar steam generator 作为高效太阳能蒸汽发生器的过二亚胺超分子改性石墨烯海绵

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118237

Elif Erçarıkcı , Demet Demirci Gültekin , Ezgi Topçu , Züleyha Kudaş , Murat Alanyalıoğlu , Kader Dağcı Kıranşan

Generating steam using solar energy appears to be an effective approach to obtaining clean water, especially from salty water and wastewater, since the sun is a natural and constant source. Compared to many methods, studies in solar steam generation have accelerated due to being highly efficient, sustainable, and low-cost. Graphene sponges (GrSs), possessing structural flexibility and effective photothermal activity, are widely used for this purpose. However, the hydrophobic character of these materials limits their effectiveness in solar steam generators. At this point, we prepared perylene diimide-derived supramolecules (PDI) modified three-dimensional (3D) gradient hydrophobic GrS (PDI/GGrS) as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for the generation of clean water. PDI allowed us to achieve perfect absorption of broad-band sunlight and GGrS facilitated water transport through channels of sponge structure. As a result, PDI/GGrS has achieved a high water evaporation rate of 3.5 kg h⁻¹ m⁻² with a superior solar thermal conversion efficiency of up to 90 %. This study can provide new possibilities for harvesting solar energy by producing clean water from seawater, wastewater, and even acidic/alkali solutions.

利用太阳能产生蒸汽似乎是获取清洁水的有效方法，尤其是从含盐的水和废水中获取清洁水，因为太阳是天然的恒定来源。与许多方法相比，太阳能蒸汽发电因其高效、可持续和低成本而加快了研究的步伐。石墨烯海绵（GrSs）具有结构柔性和有效的光热活性，被广泛用于这一目的。然而，这些材料的疏水性限制了它们在太阳能蒸汽发生器中的有效性。为此，我们制备了过二亚胺衍生超分子（PDI）修饰的三维（3D）梯度疏水 GrS（PDI/GGrS），作为高效太阳能热转换器，用于生产清洁水。PDI 使我们能够实现对宽波段阳光的完美吸收，而 GGrS 则促进了水在海绵结构通道中的传输。因此，PDI/GGrS 的水蒸发率高达 3.5 kg h-1 m-2，太阳能热转换效率高达 90%。这项研究为从海水、废水甚至酸碱溶液中生产清洁水收集太阳能提供了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable approach for selective lithium recovery: Capacitive deionization integrated with novel LMO flow-electrode 选择性锂回收的可持续方法：与新型 LMO 流动电极相结合的电容式去离子法

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118224

Hyuncheal Lee , Jihun Lim , Hayoung Lee , Seungkwan Hong

Reusing materials from discarded batteries offers an environmentally friendly approach to lithium ion(Li⁺) recovery. Therefore, in this study, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) was employed using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) from spent batteries to selectively recover Li⁺ from leachate. The Li⁺ selectivity of LMO enabled effective recovery from waste solutions containing various ionic substances. Delithiation of the LMO to produce λ-MnO₂ enhanced its Li⁺ adsorption capacity. Successful synthesis was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, while BET analysis validated the suitability of the process for Li⁺ intercalation and deintercalation. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Li⁺ in the electrode material at each stage, verifying the successful adsorption and recovery. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses showed lower charge transfer resistance and higher ionic conductivity for the λ-MnO₂ electrode as compared to activated carbon (AC), indicating its superior electrochemical performance. The λ-MnO₂-based FCDI system outperformed the AC-based system; its removal rate was 3.08 times higher, specific energy consumption (SEC) was 2.6 times lower, and average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) was 5.1 times greater. Adsorption and recovery experiments indicated higher selectivity for Li⁺ ions as compared to Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, further highlighting the superior performance of the λ-MnO₂ based system. In conclusion, the λ-MnO₂ electrode, recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), is not only an excellent material for high-efficiency and selective lithium recovery via the FCDI process, but also holds the potential to revolutionize sustainable lithium recovery technologies. This study is a significant step towards addressing the climate crisis, promoting environmental protection, and conserving our valuable resources.

废弃电池材料的再利用为锂离子（Li+）回收提供了一种环保方法。因此，在本研究中，使用废电池中的锂锰氧化物（LMO）进行流动电极电容去离子（FCDI），从浸出液中选择性地回收 Li+。LMO 的 Li+ 选择性可从含有各种离子物质的废液中有效回收。对 LMO 进行脱硫反应生成的 λ-MnO2 增强了其对 Li+ 的吸附能力。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了合成的成功，而 BET 分析则验证了该工艺对 Li+ 插层和脱插层的适用性。XPS 分析证实了电极材料中每个阶段都存在 Co2+、Ni2+ 和 Li+，验证了吸附和回收的成功。CV和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析表明，与活性炭（AC）相比，λ-MnO2电极具有更低的电荷转移电阻和更高的离子电导率，这表明它具有更优越的电化学性能。基于 λ-MnO2 的 FCDI 系统优于基于 AC 的系统；其去除率高出 3.08 倍，比能量消耗（SEC）低 2.6 倍，平均盐吸附率（ASAR）高出 5.1 倍。吸附和回收实验表明，与 Co2+ 和 Ni2+ 离子相比，Li+ 离子的选择性更高，这进一步凸显了基于 λ-MnO2 的系统的优越性能。总之，从废旧锂离子电池（LIB）中回收的 λ-MnO2 电极不仅是通过 FCDI 工艺进行高效、选择性锂回收的绝佳材料，而且还具有革新可持续锂回收技术的潜力。这项研究在应对气候危机、促进环境保护和保护宝贵资源方面迈出了重要一步。

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引用次数: 0

Jellyfish–mimetic solar evaporator with polyelectrolyte skeleton for sustainable desalination under higher salinity 具有聚电解质骨架的水母模拟太阳能蒸发器，用于在较高盐度条件下实现可持续海水淡化

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118209

Shan Zhai , Fang Yu , Naila Arshad , Suji Huang , Junyang Tao , Changwen Li , Liangyou Lin , Jingwen Qian , Muhammad Sultan Irshad , Xianbao Wang

Photothermal membranes have seen significant advancements in the field of solar seawater desalination. However, their practical application is hindered by solid-salt crystallization, which results in reduced evaporation rates. Herein, an “all–in–one” anionic jellyfish–mimetic solar evaporator is reported with sustainable condensate yields and electrostatic repulsion to prevent solid–salt crystallization. The innovative structure is composed of the jellyfish–mimetic photothermal head (in–situ grown nanospheres of Prussian blue analogue and molybdenum disulfide (PBA@MoS₂)) while polyelectrolyte legs (water channels) enriched with SO₃⁻ groups by polystyrene sodium sulfonate (PSS). The negatively charged evaporator was characterized by a high concentration of SO₃⁻, which induces the Donnan effect by confining Na⁺ to the microchannels. This process reduces the diffusion of salt ions into the water supply layer, thereby addressing the issue of salt deposition at its fundamental level. As a result, a high evaporation rate of 1.89 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ was achieved in high–concentration brine (20 wt% NaCl) under one sun irradiation. More importantly, the evaporator achieves high condensate yields (15.7 g/10 h) under natural sunlight and demonstrates excellent reproducibility in evaporation rates over 20 performance cycles on different days, even with a salinity of 20 wt%. The efficient evaporation efficiency and high salt tolerance present significant practical potential for solar–driven seawater desalination.

光热膜在太阳能海水淡化领域取得了重大进展。然而，它们的实际应用受到固盐结晶的阻碍，导致蒸发率降低。本文报告了一种 "一体化 "阴离子水母模拟太阳能蒸发器，它具有可持续的冷凝水产量和防止固盐结晶的静电排斥力。这种创新结构由水母模拟光热头（原位生长的普鲁士蓝类似物和二硫化钼纳米球（PBA@MoS2））和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）富含 SO3-基团的聚电解质腿（水通道）组成。带负电的蒸发器具有高浓度 SO3- 的特点，它通过将 Na+ 限制在微通道内而诱发唐南效应。这一过程减少了盐离子向供水层的扩散，从而从根本上解决了盐沉积问题。因此，在一个太阳照射下，高浓度盐水（20 wt% NaCl）的蒸发率高达 1.89 kg m-2 h-1。更重要的是，该蒸发器在自然日照条件下实现了较高的冷凝物产量（15.7 克/10 小时），并在不同天数的 20 个性能循环中表现出极佳的蒸发率再现性，即使盐度为 20 wt%。高效的蒸发效率和高耐盐性为太阳能驱动的海水淡化带来了巨大的实用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Capacitive lithium capture system using a mixed LiMn2O4 and LiAlO2 material 使用 LiMn2O4 和 LiAlO2 混合材料的电容式锂捕获系统

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118195

Tasneem Elmakki , Sifani Zavahir , Ho Kyong Shon , Guillermo Hijós Gago , Hyunwoong Park , Dong Suk Han

The increasing demand for lithium (Li), a crucial material in various industries, requires efficient recovery methods and a shift toward a circular economy. This study investigates a fast, eco-friendly technique for selective Li recovery, emphasizing the use of innovative materials from spent Li-ion batteries (SLiBs), particularly LiMn₂O₄(LMO)/LiAlO₂(LAO)-based materials, to enhance Li's circular economy. Conventional Li recovery methods typically involve prolonged processes with chemical additives and environmental concerns, whereas electrochemical systems like membrane-based capacitive deionization (MCDI) offer promising high removal capacities, regeneration ability, and scalability. However, no commercial electrochemical Li recovery system underscores the need for continued research to improve their performance. This study employs MCDI for selective Li recovery, examining various electrode materials, including commercial activated carbon, LMO-based electrodes, and modified LMO/LAO-based electrodes. The mixed LiMn₂O₄/LiAlO₂ cathode exhibited high selectivity for Li⁺ extraction with a recovery efficiency of 83.1 %, achieving a deionization capacity of 38.15 mg/g at 1.0 V under an initial feed concentration of 5 mM LiCl. The Li⁺ adsorption reached 900 μmol/g, with a separation factor (

α_{{Mg}^{2 +}}^{{Li}^{+}})

of 3.77 (C_Mg²⁺/C_Li⁺ = 1), setting a robust foundation for a comprehensive Li recovery framework that meets the increasing Li demand while minimizing environmental impact.

锂（Li）是各行各业的重要材料，其需求量不断增加，这就要求采用高效的回收方法，并向循环经济转变。本研究调查了一种快速、环保的选择性锂回收技术，强调使用废旧锂离子电池（SLiBs）中的创新材料，特别是基于锰酸锂（LMO）/铝酸锂（LAO）的材料，以提高锂的循环经济性。传统的锂回收方法通常涉及使用化学添加剂的漫长过程和环境问题，而膜法电容去离子（MCDI）等电化学系统则具有高去除能力、再生能力和可扩展性等优点。然而，目前还没有商业化的电化学锂回收系统，因此需要继续研究以提高其性能。本研究采用 MCDI 技术进行选择性锂回收，研究了各种电极材料，包括商用活性炭、基于 LMO 的电极和基于 LMO/LAO 的改性电极。LiMn2O4/LiAlO2 混合阴极对 Li+ 的提取具有高选择性，回收效率高达 83.1%，在初始进料浓度为 5 mM LiCl 的条件下，1.0 V 下的去离子容量为 38.15 mg/g。对 Li+ 的吸附量达到 900 μmol/g，分离因子（αMg2+Li+）为 3.77（CMg2+/CLi+ = 1），为建立全面的锂回收框架奠定了坚实的基础，从而在满足日益增长的锂需求的同时，最大限度地减少对环境的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Silk-based polyelectrolyte evaporator with excellent salt resistance for high-rate and stable solar desalination 丝基聚电解质蒸发器具有优异的耐盐性，可用于高速稳定的太阳能海水淡化

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118234

Shengnan Ouyang , Maomao Zhai , Zhongyuan Wen , Shouwei Zhang , Kunkun Zhu , Jinfeng Wang , Jinming Zhang , Qingtao Liu , Xungai Wang

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is a promising solution to solve global freshwater shortages through desalination. However, salt accumulation in the evaporator affects light absorption and reduces evaporation efficiency, thereby significantly reducing the service life and operating efficiency of the evaporator. Herein, we propose a strategy for sustainable salt resistance that enables strong salt resistance and rapid water delivery by in situ polymerization of sodium acrylate (PAAS) on the directional channel. As a result, the as-prepared SF/rGO@PAAS can achieve a high evaporation rate of up to 2.31 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and high evaporation efficiency of up to 98% under one sun, benefiting from the inherent hydrophilicity of silk fibroin (SF), the directional channel design of water transport layer, and the efficient solar light absorption in full spectrum of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). More importantly, due to the electrostatic effect of PAAS, the evaporator showed excellent salt resistance, with no salt precipitation for 5 days of continuous evaporation in simulated seawater (3.5 wt%) while maintaining the high evaporation rate. This salt resistant evaporator provides an effective solution to the salt accumulation and addresses a key challenge in sustainable desalination.

太阳能驱动的界面蒸发技术是通过海水淡化解决全球淡水短缺问题的一个前景广阔的解决方案。然而，蒸发器中的盐分积累会影响光的吸收，降低蒸发效率，从而大大降低蒸发器的使用寿命和运行效率。在此，我们提出了一种可持续抗盐战略，通过在定向通道上原位聚合丙烯酸钠（PAAS），实现强抗盐性和快速输水。因此，得益于蚕丝纤维素（SF）固有的亲水性、水传输层的定向通道设计以及还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）对全光谱太阳光的高效吸收，所制备的 SF/rGO@PAAS 在一太阳光下可实现高达 2.31 kg m-2 h-1 的高蒸发率和高达 98% 的高蒸发效率。更重要的是，由于 PAAS 的静电效应，该蒸发器表现出优异的耐盐性，在模拟海水（3.5 wt%）中连续蒸发 5 天也没有盐分析出，同时还能保持较高的蒸发率。这种耐盐蒸发器为盐分积累提供了有效的解决方案，并解决了可持续海水淡化的一个关键难题。

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