Desalination最新文献_第9页

Thermoeconomic modeling of new energy system based on biogas upgrading to multigenerational purpose 基于沼气升级到多代用途的新能源系统的热经济建模

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118215

Yuwen Wu

The following article outlines an integrated approach toward the valorization of biogas for energy, chilled water, hot water, freshwater, and liquid carbon dioxide production. The suggested system includes a biogas upgrading unit with a biomethane-fueled burner, a Kalian cycle, an LNG regasification process, and a multi-effect desalination unit that can provide CO₂, electricity, cooling, and heating. The new ideas in the proposed system include a cryogenic biogas upgrading process that can be used in many industrial settings, the production of liquid carbon dioxide through biogas upgrading, and the use of biomethane in the integrated combustion process. Furthermore, the grey wolf optimization technique is applied in various multi-objective optimization contexts to achieve optimal operating conditions and preferred performance outcomes. In this simulation, the generation of electricity reaches a value of 755 kW. Attached to it is a cooling load of about 5102 kW, with a heating load of 4725 kW, freshwater capacity about 1.33 kg/s, production rate of liquid CO2 at 0.58 kg/s, and natural gas at 3.1 kg/s. Thermodynamic results reveal that the proposed multigeneration performance scheme providently enhances energy and exergy efficiencies up to 59.82 % and 5.74 %, respectively, compared to the condition of a single product. The performed exergy analysis shows that the overall irreversibility of the suggested configuration is equal to 18,047 kW while about 42.6 % of this value is contributed from the heat exchanger E-104. Moreover, the CO2 emission intensity of the process can be kept as 0.35 kg/kWh. Cryogenic separation can obtain about 88 % of CO2 in biogas and turn it into its liquid phase. The performed economic assessment has resulted in the following total cost rate as well as cost per unit exergy: 321.38 $/h and 83.06 $/GJ, respectively. Under optimal conditions, an exergy efficiency of 13.40 % and a net power output of 2034.39 kW are attained.

下文概述了一种将沼气用于能源、冷冻水、热水、淡水和液态二氧化碳生产的综合方法。建议的系统包括一个带生物甲烷燃料燃烧器的沼气升级装置、一个卡利安循环、一个液化天然气再气化过程和一个可提供二氧化碳、电力、冷却和加热的多效海水淡化装置。拟议系统中的新创意包括可用于多种工业环境的低温沼气升级工艺、通过沼气升级生产液态二氧化碳，以及在综合燃烧工艺中使用生物甲烷。此外，灰狼优化技术还被应用于各种多目标优化环境中，以实现最佳运行条件和优选性能结果。在该模拟中，发电量达到 755 千瓦。冷却负荷约为 5102 千瓦，加热负荷为 4725 千瓦，淡水容量约为 1.33 千克/秒，液态二氧化碳生产率为 0.58 千克/秒，天然气生产率为 3.1 千克/秒。热力学结果表明，与单一产品相比，所建议的多发电性能方案可将能效和放能效分别提高 59.82 % 和 5.74 %。进行的放能分析表明，建议配置的总体不可逆功率为 18,047 千瓦，其中约 42.6% 来自换热器 E-104。此外，该工艺的二氧化碳排放强度可保持在 0.35 千克/千瓦时。低温分离可获得沼气中约 88% 的二氧化碳，并将其转化为液相。经济评估得出的总成本率和单位放能成本分别为：321.38 美元/小时和 83.06 美元/GJ。在最佳条件下，放能效率为 13.40%，净输出功率为 2034.39 千瓦。

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引用次数: 0

Constructing porous hydrophilic HMO/CTA@PDA composite hydrogel for super-high and ultrafast extraction of lithium ions 构建多孔亲水性 HMO/CTA@PDA 复合水凝胶，用于超高速萃取锂离子

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118216

Changwen Li , Honglong Zhan , Yingjun Qiao , Chenglong Shi , Zhiqiang Qian , Zhong Liu

Adsorption is recognized as an effective and eco-friendly strategy for extracting lithium from salt-lake brine. However, the lithium-ion sieves typically used are in powder form, which poses challenges such as poor fluidity, low permeability, and reduced recovery rates, thereby limiting their industrial utility. This work introduces the development of manganese lithium-ion sieves composite hydrogels (HMO/CTA@PDA), that which demonstrate rapid adsorption rates and enhanced cyclic stability. The HMO/CTA@PDA is synthesized via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, utilizing cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the matrix, H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄ (HMO) as the active material, and polydopamine (PDA) as the modification agent. The integration of PDA, rich in polar functional groups, notably improves the interfacial contact within an aqueous medium. This modification reduces the number of water molecules at the HMO/CTA@PDA interface through rapid dehydration, effectively lowering the energy barrier for Li⁺ migration. Additionally, the three-dimensional porous network of HMO/CTA@PDA facilitates enhanced diffusion channels for Li⁺, enabling more efficient ion transport. Comparative analyses indicate that HMO/CTA@PDA hydrogels possess significantly higher adsorption rates for Li⁺, achieving an adsorption capacity of 29.18 mg/g within 4 h, compared to 28.28 mg/g within 36 h for the unmodified HMO/CTA. At the same time HMO/CTA@PDA also exhibits high selectivity (superior K_d value for Li⁺ compared to other ions in sulfate-rich brines), and outstanding recyclability (stable adsorption capacity of ∼29.58 mg/g over 15 cycles with minimal Mn loss). The HMO/CTA@PDA offers a promising strategy for sustainable Li⁺ recovery from salt-lake brines.

吸附法被认为是从盐湖卤水中提取锂的有效且环保的策略。然而，通常使用的锂离子筛是粉末状的，这就带来了流动性差、渗透性低、回收率低等挑战，从而限制了其工业实用性。这项工作介绍了锰锂离子筛分复合水凝胶（HMO/CTA@PDA）的开发情况，这种水凝胶具有快速吸附率和更高的循环稳定性。HMO/CTA@PDA 以三醋酸纤维素（CTA）为基质，H1.6Mn1.6O4（HMO）为活性材料，聚多巴胺（PDA）为改性剂，通过非溶剂诱导相分离（NIPS）方法合成。PDA 富含极性官能团，它的加入明显改善了水介质中的界面接触。这种改性通过快速脱水减少了 HMO/CTA@PDA 界面的水分子数量，从而有效降低了 Li+ 迁移的能量障碍。此外，HMO/CTA@PDA 的三维多孔网络有利于增强 Li+ 的扩散通道，从而提高离子传输效率。对比分析表明，HMO/CTA@PDA 水凝胶对 Li+ 的吸附率明显更高，在 4 小时内吸附容量达到 29.18 mg/g，而未改性 HMO/CTA 在 36 小时内吸附容量仅为 28.28 mg/g。同时，HMO/CTA@PDA 还表现出很高的选择性（在富含硫酸盐的盐水中，对 Li+ 的 Kd 值优于其他离子）和出色的可回收性（在 15 个周期内，吸附容量稳定在 29.58 mg/g 以下，且 Mn 损失极小）。HMO/CTA@PDA 为从盐湖卤水中可持续回收 Li+ 提供了一种前景广阔的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Organonickel complex J-aggregation on interfacial evaporator promotes broadband absorption and salt rejection for efficient solar-powered desalination 界面蒸发器上的有机镍复合物 J-聚集促进了宽带吸收和盐排斥，从而实现高效太阳能海水淡化

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118201

Yi-Ting Lin, Joanna S. Lin, Yung-Cong Yang, Jen-Shyang Ni

Solar steam generation (SSG) driven by environment-friendly and renewable energy is emerging as a promising technology for alleviating clean water scarcity. So far, developing solar-thermal conversion materials for solar interfacial absorbers to advance evaporation rate and efficiency is still a crucial challenge. Herein, the thienyl-substituted organonickel bis(dithiolene) complex (NiTh) with an intense second near-infrared (NIR-II) absorption of intervalence charge transfer transition was synthesized and systemically compared with the phenyl-based complex (NiPh). Based on the delocalization electron property of thiophene, NiTh behaves with low adiabatic and high reorganization energies, contributing to its nonradiative decay rate and photothermal conversion. Its J-aggregation on the foam fiber was fabricated as a solar-to-heating interfacial layer with broad absorption from visible to NIR-II regions and salt-resistance ability, resulting in excellent solar light-harvesting. Under one sun of irradiation, the NiTh-adsorbed foam with red-shifted absorption and higher photothermal conversion ability exhibits a faster solar energy-to-evaporation rate (1.99 ± 0.10 kg m⁻² h⁻¹) compared with the NiPh-adsorbed foam (1.83 ± 0.06 kg m⁻² h⁻¹), of which the blank foam is 0.48 ± 0.03 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. The evaporation rate of solar-driven seawater desalination based on NiTh@foam evaporator can reach up to 1.80 ± 0.05 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, and the efficiency is as high as 122.1 ± 3.1 % due to the additional energy harvesting in the side areas that absorb sunlight and the light-trapping effect inside the three-dimensional evaporator. For organic pollutant solution, clean condensed water with an evaporation rate of 2.03–2.17 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ can be obtained through the SSG operation based on NiTh@foam. This study promotes a strategy for designing small molecules with NIR-II absorption and further modification on porous foam surfaces to achieve high-efficitive solar-driven evaporation application.

由环境友好型可再生能源驱动的太阳能蒸汽发电（SSG）正在成为缓解清洁水匮乏的一项前景广阔的技术。迄今为止，开发用于太阳能界面吸收器的太阳热转换材料以提高蒸发率和效率仍是一项重大挑战。本文合成了噻吩基取代的有机镍双(二硫环戊烯)络合物（NiTh），该络合物与苯基络合物（NiPh）进行了系统比较，发现噻吩基取代的有机镍双(二硫环戊烯)络合物具有强烈的间隔电荷转移转变的第二近红外（NIR-II）吸收。基于噻吩的脱ocalization 电子特性，NiTh 表现出低绝热能和高重组能，这有助于其非辐射衰减率和光热转换。其在泡沫纤维上的 J-聚集被制成太阳能-加热界面层，该界面层具有从可见光到近红外-II 区的广泛吸收和抗盐能力，从而实现了出色的太阳能光收集。在一个太阳的照射下，具有红移吸收和更高光热转换能力的镍钛吸附泡沫与镍磷吸附泡沫（1.83 ± 0.06 kg m-2 h-1）相比，具有更快的太阳能转化为蒸发率（1.99 ± 0.10 kg m-2 h-1），其中空白泡沫为 0.48 ± 0.03 kg m-2 h-1。基于 NiTh@foam 蒸发器的太阳能驱动海水淡化的蒸发率可达 1.80 ± 0.05 kg m-2 h-1，效率高达 122.1 ± 3.1 %，这是由于吸收太阳光的侧面区域有额外的能量收集，以及三维蒸发器内部的光捕获效应。对于有机污染物溶液，通过基于 NiTh@foam 的 SSG 操作，可获得蒸发率为 2.03-2.17 kg m-2 h-1 的清洁冷凝水。这项研究为设计具有近红外-II吸收能力的小分子并在多孔泡沫表面进一步改性以实现高效太阳能驱动蒸发应用提供了一种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Unidirectional freezing robust PPy@GO-SA aerogel for stable and efficient solar desalination 用于稳定高效太阳能海水淡化的单向冷冻坚固 PPy@GO-SA 气凝胶

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118208

Ting Shu , Yuliang Zhang , Xiahui Liu , Zhuo Liu , Ying Qin , Fei Wang , Xueting Chang , Dongsheng Wang , Lihua Dong , Xiaobo Chen , Xijia Yin , Zecheng Qian

Solar interfacial evaporation technology is an effective and sustainable method for seawater desalination. It is crucial to achieve high photothermal conversion efficiency, rapid evaporation rate, and long-term stability. In this study, a vertically aligned porous aerogel evaporator is prepared using sodium alginate as the substrate material and graphene oxide (GO) and polypyrrole (PPy) as the photothermal materials through a directional freezing technology. The polypyrrole@graphene oxide-sodium alginate evaporator exhibits a high solar photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 98.6 % and an evaporation rate of up to 4.66 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ under 1 sun. During the 144-hour desalination, the evaporator transports brine for evaporation in the daytime and removes salt residue from the evaporator surface at night. It has demonstrated a self-cleaning behavior and restored its desalination stability. Thus, this aerogel evaporator with a high evaporation rate and stable salt resistance shows great potential for practical applications in solar thermal conversion and seawater desalination.

太阳能界面蒸发技术是一种有效且可持续的海水淡化方法。实现高光热转换效率、快速蒸发率和长期稳定性至关重要。本研究以海藻酸钠为基底材料，以氧化石墨烯（GO）和聚吡咯（PPy）为光热材料，通过定向冷冻技术制备了垂直排列的多孔气凝胶蒸发器。聚吡咯@氧化石墨烯-海藻酸钠蒸发器的太阳能光热转换效率高达 98.6%，在 1 个太阳下的蒸发率可达 4.66 kg-m-2-h-1。在 144 小时的海水淡化过程中，该蒸发器白天输送盐水进行蒸发，晚上清除蒸发器表面的盐残留物。该蒸发器具有自清洁功能，并恢复了海水淡化的稳定性。因此，这种具有高蒸发率和稳定耐盐性的气凝胶蒸发器在太阳能热转换和海水淡化的实际应用中显示出巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of activated carbon/activated carbon fibre capacitive deionization composite electrode and its potential application in desalination of brackish water 活性炭/活性炭纤维电容式去离子复合电极的构建及其在苦咸水脱盐中的潜在应用

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118191

Tongtong Huang , Xiaomei Dong , Weixiong Huang , Jianfeng Song , Qingsong Zheng , Zhaoyang Li , Yu Han , En Xie , Shimin Wang , Yuhui Yang , Zhanming Tan

we constructed a novel capacitive deionization carbon/carbon composite electrode-activated carbon/activated carbon fibre (AC/ACF) with low-cost and low energy consumption and high desalination efficacy, and the desalination performance and energy consumption of the electrode under different processes, such as the electrode structure, the operating voltage, and the inlet flow rate, were investigated in comparison with those of the activated carbon (AC) and the activated carbon fibre (ACF) electrodes alone and the best operating parameters of the AC/ACF electrodes were optimized. The results showed that the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of AC/ACF increased, and the crystal stability was enhanced; the desalination rate and energy consumption of AC/ACF increased significantly with the increase of voltage, and the optimal operating parameters of AC/ACF were obtained through the entropy value Topsis function: operating voltage of 0.8 V, flow rate of 65 mL·min⁻¹, energy consumption of 0.17 KWh·m⁻³, and desalination rate of 19.12 %. Further normalized analysis of the cost and energy consumption of the optimized process showed that the adsorption cost (0.11 $·g⁻¹) and energy consumption of the AC/ACF composite were lower (0.45 Wh·g_salt⁻¹), thus the AC/ACF material has the advantages of energy saving, low cost, and excellent desalination performance compared with other composites.

我们构建了一种低成本、低能耗、脱盐效率高的新型电容式去离子碳/碳复合电极-活性炭/活性碳纤维（AC/ACF），并与单独的活性炭（AC）和活性碳纤维（ACF）电极进行了比较，研究了电极结构、工作电压、进水流速等不同工艺下的脱盐性能和能耗，优化了AC/ACF电极的最佳工作参数。结果表明，AC/ACF表面的含氧官能团增多，晶体稳定性增强；AC/ACF的脱盐率和能耗随电压的升高而显著增加，通过熵值Topsis函数得到了AC/ACF的最佳运行参数：运行电压为0.8 V，流量为65 mL-min-1，能耗为0.17 KWh-m-3，脱盐率为19.12%。进一步对优化工艺的成本和能耗进行归一化分析表明，AC/ACF 复合材料的吸附成本（0.11 美元-g-1）和能耗（0.45 Wh-gsalt-1）均较低，因此与其他复合材料相比，AC/ACF 材料具有节能、成本低、脱盐性能优异等优点。

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引用次数: 0

The synergistic actions of copper/l-glutamine co-grafting in improving anti-biofouling and desalination performances of reverse osmosis thin film composite membrane 铜/谷氨酰胺共接枝在提高反渗透薄膜复合膜抗生物污染和脱盐性能方面的协同作用

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118202

Deepa Suresh , Pei Sean Goh , Woei Jye Lau , Jun Wei Lim , Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah , Be Cheer Ng , Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

There have been ongoing efforts to improve membrane surfaces by adding specific functional groups through physical or chemical approaches to minimize fouling propensity. This study introduces a facile grafting and deposition approach to enhance the performance of thin film composite polyamide reverse osmosis (TFC PA RO) membrane. The synergistic effects of l-glutamine and Cu nanoparticles in altering the physico-chemical properties and improving desalination performances were investigated. The l-glutamine improved the hydrophilicity of membrane, while Cu NPs offered significant antibacterial characteristics to improve the functionality of membrane. The findings revealed that TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 showed optimum performance with water flux of 16.5 L.m⁻² h⁻¹ and salt rejection of 96.8 % at an operating pressure of 1.5 MPa. The TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 membrane exhibited an absence of dense colonies against both S. aureus and E. coli, on account of the antibacterial effectiveness of Cu NPs. The S. aureus- and E. coli-fouled TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 membrane showed the lowest flux decline of 20 % and 25 % for, respectively. The TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 membrane exhibited promising antifouling performance, with a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 95.2 % for bovine serum albumin (BSA) foulants. The TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 membrane exhibited a low copper leaching of ≤3 %, suggesting its high stability. The modification strategy demonstrated in this study provides a feasible solution to simultaneously address multiple issues of TFC RO membranes, which potentially leading to more efficient desalination.

人们一直在努力通过物理或化学方法添加特定的功能基团来改善膜表面，从而最大限度地降低结垢倾向。本研究介绍了一种简便的接枝和沉积方法来提高薄膜复合聚酰胺反渗透膜（TFC PA RO）的性能。研究了 l-谷氨酰胺和纳米铜粒子在改变膜的物理化学性质和提高海水淡化性能方面的协同效应。l-谷氨酰胺改善了膜的亲水性，而 Cu 纳米粒子则提供了显著的抗菌特性，改善了膜的功能。研究结果表明，TFC-l-谷氨酰胺/Cu3 表现出最佳性能，在 1.5 兆帕工作压力下，水通量为 16.5 L.m-2 h-1，盐排斥率为 96.8%。由于 Cu NPs 的抗菌效果，TFC-l-谷氨酰胺/Cu3 膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均无致密菌落。被金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染的 TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 膜的通量下降率最低，分别为 20% 和 25%。TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 膜显示出良好的防污性能，对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）污垢的通量恢复比（FRR）为 95.2%。TFC-l-glutamine/Cu3 膜的铜浸出率低，≤3%，这表明它具有很高的稳定性。本研究中展示的改性策略为同时解决 TFC RO 膜的多个问题提供了可行的解决方案，从而有可能提高海水淡化的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Biostability assessment of ultrapure water piping materials in the semiconductor industry and their susceptibility to Ralstonia growth 半导体工业超纯水管道材料的生物稳定性评估及其对 Ralstonia 生长的易感性

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118199

Thi Huyen Duong , Soohoon Choi , Kyung-Hyuk Lee , Sung Kyu Maeng

The pipes used for ultrapure water (UPW) distribution are constructed using high-quality materials to ensure purity. However, there remains a risk of contamination based on the pipe type. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the biological implications of various UPW pipe materials used in the semiconductor industry. The results showed that Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) exhibited lower organic carbon leaching (0.08 mg/L) and a reduced biomass formation potential (BFP) (approximately 5 × 10⁵ cells/cm²) compared to chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes. In particular, Ralstonia, an oligotrophic bacterium commonly found in UPW systems, formed a significant biofilm on pipe surfaces, notably in stainless steel (SUS) and CPVC pipes. Furthermore, particle contamination, a critical concern in semiconductor manufacturing, was investigated, focusing on potential contamination sources generated by pipe leaching and the presence of bacteria. The bacterial composition of the selected UPW was investigated, revealing Herbaspirillum, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, as the dominant species, account for 66.15 %. Notably, the composition of the feedwater was different from that of the UPW. This study also highlights the limitations of culture-based methods, particularly in detecting bacteria under oligotrophic conditions, which are often unculturable. Flow cytometry (FCM) shows promise for the quick detection of bacterial contamination by providing total cell counts. Moreover, cytometric fingerprinting analysis revealed phenotypic differences between the communities. Nevertheless, further development of a simplified and widely applicable cell counting protocol is required for its effective integration into UPW production.

用于超纯水（UPW）输送的管道采用优质材料制成，以确保纯度。然而，根据管道类型的不同，仍存在污染风险。本研究首次全面评估了半导体行业使用的各种超纯水管道材料对生物的影响。结果显示，与氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）管道相比，聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）的有机碳浸出率（0.08 mg/L）较低，生物量形成潜能（BFP）也有所降低（约为 5 × 105 个细胞/cm2）。特别是，在 UPW 系统中常见的低营养细菌 Ralstonia 在管道表面形成了大量生物膜，尤其是在不锈钢（SUS）和 CPVC 管道中。此外，还对半导体制造过程中的关键问题--微粒污染进行了调查，重点是管道沥滤产生的潜在污染源和细菌的存在。对所选 UPW 的细菌组成进行了调查，结果显示固氮菌 Herbaspirillum 是主要菌种，占 66.15%。值得注意的是，给水的成分与 UPW 的成分不同。这项研究还凸显了基于培养的方法的局限性，尤其是在检测寡营养条件下的细菌时，因为这些细菌通常无法培养。流式细胞仪 (FCM) 通过提供细胞总数，为快速检测细菌污染带来了希望。此外，细胞指纹分析还揭示了群落之间的表型差异。不过，还需要进一步开发简化且广泛适用的细胞计数方案，以便将其有效整合到 UPW 生产中。

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引用次数: 0

A perspective on MXene-enhanced biofiltration-membrane water reuse treatment systems: A review and experimental validation 透视 MXene 增强型生物滤膜水回用处理系统：综述与实验验证

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118198

Mostafa Dadashi Firouzjaei , Jonathan Clayton , Hesam Jafarian , Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi , Anupma Thakur , Rilyn Todd , Srinivasa Kartik Nemani , Mohtada Sadrzadeh , Mark Elliott , Babak Anasori , Leigh Terry

As the demand for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions grows, the integration of advanced nanomaterials has become a focal point in enhancing membrane technologies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of research on Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes, highlighting their unique properties, the challenges they address, and the potential they hold for MXene-enhanced biofiltration-membrane systems. The perspective systematically examines how Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes, with their exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and tunable surface chemistry, can be integrated into biofiltration-membrane systems to improve key performance metrics such as water flux, contaminant rejection, and fouling resistance. Various processes, including biofiltration, adsorption, and nanofiltration, are discussed, where Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes have been shown to have a potential application. In addition to synthesizing existing literature, experimental validations are presented that demonstrate how MXene incorporation can alter membrane morphology and structure, leading to improved antibacterial properties and enhanced overall performance. These findings underscore the transformative potential of Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes in developing next-generation biofiltration-membrane technologies that are not only more efficient but also more sustainable. Through this perspective, the key challenges that remain, such as cost implications and long-term stability, are identified, and future research directions are proposed to address these issues. This in-depth analysis highlights the critical role MXenes can play in advancing water treatment technologies, particularly in the context of water reuse, and encourages further interdisciplinary research in this rapidly evolving field.

随着对可持续和高效水处理解决方案需求的增长，先进纳米材料的集成已成为增强膜技术的焦点。本综述的目的是对有关 Ti3C2Tx MXenes 的研究现状进行全面和批判性的分析，重点介绍其独特性能、所面临的挑战以及在 MXene 增强生物过滤膜系统方面的潜力。该视角系统地探讨了如何将具有优异导电性、亲水性和可调表面化学性质的 Ti3C2Tx MXenes 集成到生物过滤膜系统中，以改善水通量、污染物排斥和抗污性等关键性能指标。本文讨论了各种工艺，包括生物过滤、吸附和纳米过滤，其中 Ti3C2Tx MXenes 已被证明具有潜在的应用价值。除了综述现有文献外，还介绍了实验验证，证明了加入 MXene 如何改变膜的形态和结构，从而改善抗菌性能并提高整体性能。这些发现强调了 Ti3C2Tx MXenes 在开发下一代生物过滤膜技术方面的变革潜力，这种技术不仅更高效，而且更具可持续性。通过这一视角，确定了仍然存在的关键挑战，如成本影响和长期稳定性，并提出了解决这些问题的未来研究方向。这一深入分析强调了 MXenes 在推进水处理技术（尤其是在水回用方面）方面可以发挥的关键作用，并鼓励在这一快速发展的领域进一步开展跨学科研究。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperbranched polymer wrapped UIO-66-NH2 as covalent intermediate layer to enhance polyamide membrane for Li+/Mg2+ separation and acid/alkaline stability 超支化聚合物包裹 UIO-66-NH2 作为共价中间层，增强聚酰胺膜的 Li+/Mg2+ 分离能力和酸碱稳定性

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118212

Bingbing Yuan , Shuang Yuan , Chaozheng Jia , Ping Hu , Siheng Zhao , Yuling Ren , Meng You , Shengchao Zhao , Kuo Chen , Xiaozhuan Zhang , Dongxiao Yang , Juhui Jiang , Xiangdong Lou , Q. Jason Niu

Herein, hyperbranched polyamide covalently wrapped UIO-66-NH₂ nanoparticles (PA-UIO-66-NH₂) were designed and synthesized via the in-situ self-condensation polymerization of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. Mixed matrix intermediate layer thus was prepared by doping it into the diazotization-coupling reaction, to tune the pore size and hydrophilic of the polysulfone (PSF) support. The interfacial polymerized polyamide (PA) nanofilm formed on modified PSF support exhibited optimized improved size exclusion and Donnan effect on separation of Li⁺/Mg²⁺. Experimental data showed that the Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation factor (32.24 at Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratio of 15.3) of the PA/m-PSF-2 membrane tuned with such intermediate layer reached 13.27 times that of the controlled PA/PSF-0, and surpassed some commercial PA (NF 270, DL, and DK) and literature reported membranes. Moreover, the related LiCl/water flux enhanced from 1.39 to 1.88 times compared with that of the PA/PSF-0 membrane, up to 244.25 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Such mixed matrix intermediate layer can adsorb and isolate acidic or alkaline cleaning solutions, significantly reducing the impact of cleaning solutions on the rejection rate and water flux of the PA nanofilm during actual application. This work demonstrated that the mixed matrix covalent intermediate layer was an effective approach to construct the fine-tuned structural and robust PA nanofiltration (NF) composite membrane.

本文设计并通过 3,5-二氨基苯甲酸的原位自缩合聚合合成了超支化聚酰胺共价包覆 UIO-66-NH2 纳米粒子（PA-UIO-66-NH2）。在重氮化-偶联反应中掺入混合基质中间层，从而制备出混合基质中间层，以调整聚砜（PSF）支架的孔径和亲水性。在改性 PSF 支撑物上形成的界面聚合聚酰胺（PA）纳米薄膜在分离 Li+/Mg2+ 时表现出优化的尺寸排除和唐南效应。实验数据显示，使用这种中间层调谐的 PA/m-PSF-2 膜的 Li+/Mg2+ 分离因子（Mg2+/Li+比率为 15.3 时为 32.24）达到了受控 PA/PSF-0 的 13.27 倍，超过了一些商用 PA（NF 270、DL 和 DK）和文献报道的膜。此外，与 PA/PSF-0 膜相比，相关的氯化锂/水通量从 1.39 倍提高到 1.88 倍，达到 244.25 kg m-2 h-1。这种混合基质中间层可以吸附和隔离酸性或碱性清洗液，在实际应用中大大降低了清洗液对 PA 纳米膜的排斥率和水通量的影响。这项研究表明，混合基质共价中间层是构建结构精细、坚固耐用的 PA 纳滤（NF）复合膜的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Siphon-based scalable and salt-resistant multistage thermal desalination system 基于虹吸管的可扩展耐盐多级热海水淡化系统

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118200

Nabajit Deka, Meeran Mehmood Qari, Susmita Dash

Recent advances in thermal localization-based passive solar desalination provide a great opportunity for the economical generation of freshwater, particularly in regions with insufficient energy and water infrastructure. Yet, the capillary-assisted passive desalination systems with a high-water productivity flux (measured in Lm⁻² h⁻¹) suffer from the issue of performance degradation due to salt accumulation and the inability to be scaled up. In this work, we propose siphon-based supply of saline water over the evaporator that enables scale up of the desalination system to a size significantly higher than the capillary rise height of the hydrophilic evaporator while preventing salt accumulation on the evaporator. The composite siphon comprises insulating fabric wick and a metallic grooved surface for localizing heat to evaporate a thin layer of saline liquid over the evaporator. We perform heat and mass transfer analysis to show that the thermal-to-vapor efficiency depends on the inlet mass flow rate and air gap between the evaporator and the condenser. We propose a methodology to passively control the mass flow rate to maximize the thermal to vapor efficiency at different input heat flux and initial concentration of the brine. A grooved condenser avoids mixing of brine and the freshwater, even at air gaps as low as 2 mm. A siphon-assisted 10-stage desalination system with a footprint area 15 cm

\times

15 cm and an air gap of 2 mm is shown to have a high water productivity flux of

\sim

5.73 Lm⁻² h⁻¹ from 3.5 wt% saline water at an applied heat flux 1000 W/m², which increases to a record high distillate flux of ∼6.23 Lm⁻² h⁻¹ and thermal to water collection efficiency of ∼423 % for a 15-stage system. The ability of the desalination system to maintain a high-water productivity flux even when the evaporator area is increased by 4 times demonstrates its scalability to achieve higher desalinated water productivity rate.

基于热定位的被动式太阳能海水淡化技术的最新进展为经济地生产淡水提供了良机，尤其是在能源和水基础设施不足的地区。然而，具有高水生产通量（以 Lm-2 h-1 为单位）的毛细管辅助被动式海水淡化系统存在着因盐分积累而导致性能下降以及无法扩大规模的问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了在蒸发器上以虹吸管为基础供应盐水的方案，该方案可将海水淡化系统的规模扩大到明显高于亲水蒸发器的毛细管上升高度，同时防止盐分在蒸发器上积累。复合虹吸管由绝缘织物芯和金属凹槽表面组成，用于局部加热蒸发器上的一薄层盐水。我们进行的传热和传质分析表明，热蒸发效率取决于入口质量流量以及蒸发器和冷凝器之间的空气间隙。我们提出了一种被动控制质量流量的方法，以便在不同的输入热通量和盐水初始浓度条件下最大限度地提高热蒸发效率。沟槽式冷凝器可避免盐水和淡水混合，即使空气间隙低至 2 毫米。一个占地面积为 15 cm × 15 cm、空气间隙为 2 mm 的 10 级虹吸式海水淡化系统显示，在应用热通量为 1000 W/m2 的条件下，3.5 wt%的盐水可产生 5.73 Lm-2 h-1 的高水生产通量，而在 15 级系统中，蒸馏水通量达到创纪录的 6.23 Lm-2 h-1，热-水收集效率达到 423 %。即使蒸发器面积增加 4 倍，海水淡化系统仍能保持较高的水生产通量，这表明该系统具有可扩展性，可实现更高的海水淡化生产率。

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引用次数: 0