Desalination最新文献_第5页

Vapor-induced phase separation poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membrane for versatile desalination and the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid via membrane distillation 气相分离聚偏氟乙烯-共六氟丙烯膜的多用途脱盐和膜蒸馏脱除全氟辛酸

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119933

Shih-Hong Liou, Jen-Hsiang Chang, Gian Vincent Dizon, Yung Chang, Antoine Venault

The vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process has been seldom utilized for the fabrication of membranes for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), despite structural properties achievable fitting the application requirements. The present study showcases the development of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-co-HFP) membranes by VIPS for desalination and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal. Adjusting the polymer concentration to 17 wt%, the solution and VIPS chamber temperature to 60 °C, the relative humidity to 70% and the exposure time to non-solvent vapors to 10 min ensured the formation of symmetric, highly porous (mean pore size: 0.46 μm, porosity: 72%) and superhydrophobic (water contact angle: 154°) membranes. Using sodium chloride solution 35 g/L, real seawater, a sodium chloride solution 1 M or a PFOA solution, the flux during a 3 h-DCMD test was found to be 25-30 LMH with a rejection over 99.95% for saline feed, and 90–93% for PFOA. All these values competed with/outperformed those obtained with the control commercial polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. In addition, considering the feed temperature (60 °C) and feed-permeate temperature difference (35 °C), the results compete with the existing literature. The membrane also maintained a high flux and rejection during a 70-h operation time with a lower flux decline and higher salt rejection than the commercial alternative, and outperformed it in both wetting and scaling tests. These results demonstrate the suitability of the VIPS process to generate effective membranes for desalination and the removal of emerging pollutants from water by DCMD.

气相分离（VIPS）工艺很少用于直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）膜的制备，尽管其结构性能可以满足应用要求。本研究展示了VIPS用于脱盐和全氟辛酸（PFOA）去除的聚偏氟乙烯-共六氟丙烯P（vdf -共hfp）膜的开发。将聚合物浓度调至17 wt%，溶液和VIPS室温度调至60℃，相对湿度调至70%，非溶剂蒸汽暴露时间调至10 min，可确保形成对称、高孔（平均孔径为0.46 μm，孔隙率为72%）和超疏水（水接触角为154°）膜。采用35 g/L氯化钠溶液、真实海水、1 M氯化钠溶液或PFOA溶液进行3 h-DCMD试验，通量为25-30 LMH，对盐水饲料的拒绝率为99.95%以上，对PFOA的拒绝率为90-93%。所有这些值都与对照商用聚四氟乙烯膜获得的值相竞争/优于。此外，考虑到进料温度（60℃）和进料渗透温差（35℃），结果与现有文献不一致。在70 h的运行时间内，该膜保持了较高的通量和截留率，通量下降幅度较小，截留盐率较高，并且在润湿和结垢试验中均优于商业替代膜。这些结果表明，VIPS工艺可以产生有效的膜，用于海水淡化和dmd去除水中新出现的污染物。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation and optimization of end-face sealing by analyzing fluid leakage paths in energy recovery device for SWRO desalination system 通过对SWRO海水淡化系统能量回收装置流体泄漏路径的分析，对端面密封进行研究与优化

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119939

Bianxiong Ma, Yiyang Ge, Gangtao Liang

In the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination, the rotary positive displacement energy recovery devices play a crucial role in enhancing the pressure of incoming fresh seawater by recovering residual high pressure of brine. However, the end-face leakage problem of the device restricts further improvement of its recovery performance severely. This study establishes a three-dimensional numerical model of end-face film in the energy recovery device and conducts optimization analysis of the end-face sealing structure systematically. Results indicate that the fluid in the end-face clearance mainly leaks through circumferential and radial paths, and the leakage rate is positively associated with the cube of clearance height. A comparative analysis of four sealing structures including spiral and straight grooves, square and circular cellular textures reveals that the circular cellular textures possess the best sealing performance. The maximum reduction in the leakage rate can reach 17.8% when the texture depth is 0.005 mm. In the view of manufacturing feasibility, it is suggested that the end-face sealing clearance is up to 0.03 mm and the depth of circular cellular texture does not exceed 0.02 mm. This configuration can lead to a leakage reduction rate exceeding 11% while keeping the opening force loss within 5% in the meantime.

在海水反渗透（SWRO）脱盐过程中，旋转式正位移能量回收装置通过回收盐水残留的高压来提高进入的新鲜海水的压力，起到了至关重要的作用。然而，该装置端面泄漏问题严重制约了其回收性能的进一步提高。本研究建立了能量回收装置端面膜的三维数值模型，并对端面密封结构进行了系统的优化分析。结果表明：端面间隙内流体主要沿周向和径向两种路径泄漏，泄漏率与间隙高度的立方呈正相关；通过对螺旋槽与直槽、方形孔与圆形孔织构四种密封结构的对比分析，发现圆形孔织构的密封性能最好。当织构深度为0.005 mm时，泄漏率降幅最大，可达17.8%。从制造可行性考虑，建议端面密封间隙不超过0.03 mm，圆细胞织构深度不超过0.02 mm。这种结构可以使泄漏减少率超过11%，同时使开启力损失保持在5%以内。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of hierarchical porous chitosan/polyphosphazene monolithic aerogels for efficient iodine adsorption 层状多孔壳聚糖/聚磷腈整体气凝胶的制备及其高效吸附碘的研究

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119924

Xiaohuan Tang , Jinying Zhang , Huiyuan Chu , Jiwei Shen , Chaozhan Wang , Yinmao Wei

Adsorption is effective for removing radioactive iodine in nuclear wastewater treatment, while composite adsorbents can optimize the adsorption performance of adsorbents. In this work, Chitosan and polyphosphazene were used to prepare an aerogel monolith (CS/PCD) with facile recyclability, high hydrophilicity, ultra-lightweight properties, and hierarchical porous structure via hydrothermal synthesis and freeze-drying. Under static conditions, the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, coexisting ions, and contact time on iodine adsorption were studied. The results demonstrate that CS/PCD reaches a saturated iodine adsorption capacity of 1.20 g·g⁻¹ in aqueous solution, exhibiting good regeneration performance and anti-ion interference capability in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Under dynamic adsorption conditions, the breakthrough behavior further confirms the material’ effective iodine capture performance. Notably, CS/PCD exhibited a broad applicable pH range (3–8) and good acid-base stability. Furthermore, CS/PCD also demonstrates exceptional performance in gaseous iodine adsorption, achieving a saturation capacity of 3.49 g·g⁻¹ at 348 K. FT-IR and XPS analysis revealed the driving force of adsorption arises from charge transfer through N and O atoms, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding (N-H···I and O-H···I), and hierarchical porous (microporous-mesoporous-macroporous). In conclusion, this work develops a high-efficiency monolithic adsorbent for radioactive iodine capture, offering a promising continuous-flow method for nuclear wastewater treatment.

吸附是去除核废水中放射性碘的有效方法，而复合吸附剂可以优化吸附剂的吸附性能。本研究以壳聚糖和聚磷腈为原料，通过水热合成和冷冻干燥法制备了易回收、高亲水性、超轻质、分层多孔结构的气凝胶单体（CS/PCD）。在静态条件下，研究了吸附剂用量、pH、共存离子和接触时间对碘吸附的影响。结果表明，CS/PCD在水溶液中的饱和碘吸附量为1.20 g·g−1，具有良好的再生性能和抗离子干扰能力，符合Freundlich等温线和拟二级动力学模型。在动态吸附条件下，突破行为进一步证实了材料的有效碘捕获性能。值得注意的是，CS/PCD具有广泛的适用pH范围（3-8）和良好的酸碱稳定性。此外，CS/PCD还表现出优异的气态碘吸附性能，在348 K时达到3.49 g·g−1的饱和容量。FT-IR和XPS分析表明，N和O原子间的电荷转移、π-π堆积、氢键（N- h··I和O- h··I）和分级孔（微孔-介孔-大孔）是吸附的驱动力。综上所述，本研究开发了一种高效的整体吸附剂用于放射性碘的捕获，为核废水处理提供了一种有前途的连续流方法。

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引用次数: 0

Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Resilient operating windows of a photovoltaic-powered desalination system operating under transient solar conditions 可再生能源动力膜技术：在瞬态太阳能条件下运行的光伏动力海水淡化系统的弹性操作窗口

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119942

Emmanuel O. Ogunniyi, Bryce S. Richards

A photovoltaic-powered membrane filtration (PV-membrane) system desalinates brackish water to produce drinkable water using sunlight but is prone to shutdowns – due to solar irradiance fluctuations – that reduce permeate quality and daily yield. Shutdowns occur at certain PV power deviation thresholds (

D_{th}

) that, when identified, can be controlled to operate the system autonomously within certain windows of shutdown resilience during transient operation. This study introduces the resilient operating window (ROW) to investigate PV-membrane system operation under four different configurations – via two membranes (BW30 & NF90) and two pumps (SQFlex 0.6-3 N/20 bar & -2 N/12 bar) – using real-world solar conditions. The BW30/3 N configuration, operated at ∼11 bar transmembrane pressure (TMP), achieved ∼67% shutdown resilience while the NF90/3 N configuration at ∼9 bar TMP (constrained) achieved 100% resilience & daily production gains of 8 L and 19 L, respectively, compared to reference uncontrolled operation. The -2 N pump enabled 100% resilience for both membranes, with reduced daily yield for NF90. Results highlight how

D_{th}

influences shutdowns in PV-membrane systems, and how these can be mitigated for enhanced resilient operation during transient conditions without additional energy buffering support, essential for more robust autonomous PV-membrane water desalination systems.

光伏膜过滤（PV-membrane）系统利用阳光淡化微咸水，生产饮用水，但由于太阳辐照度波动，容易停机，从而降低渗透质量和日产量。停机发生在一定的光伏功率偏差阈值（Dth），当确定时，可以控制该阈值，使系统在瞬态运行期间在一定的停机弹性窗口内自主运行。本研究引入弹性操作窗口（ROW）来研究pv膜系统在四种不同配置下的运行情况——通过两种膜（BW30 & & NF90）和两种泵（SQFlex 0.6-3 N/20 bar & & 2 N/12 bar）——使用真实的太阳能条件。在~ 11 bar跨膜压力（TMP）下运行的bw30 / 3n配置实现了~ 67%的关闭弹性，而在~ 9 bar跨膜压力（受限）下运行的nf90 / 3n配置实现了100%的恢复弹性，与参考的非受控操作相比，日产量分别增加了8升和19升。-2 N泵使两种膜都具有100%的弹性，但降低了NF90的日产量。研究结果强调了Dth如何影响pv膜系统的关闭，以及如何在没有额外能量缓冲支持的情况下减轻这些影响，以增强瞬态条件下的弹性运行，这对于更强大的自主pv膜海水淡化系统至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ferulic acid-amplified Fe(II)/peroxyacetic acid system for enhanced ultrafiltration performance in surface water purification 阿魏酸增强铁(II)/过氧乙酸体系在地表水净化中的超滤性能

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119944

Bing Zhang , Xiangyou Yue , Kangping Li , Bing Zhang , Xiaohong Li , Heli Tang , Bin Liu , Wenxin Shi

The application of ultrafiltration (UF) technology in drinking water treatment has been expanding, yet issues such as membrane fouling and inadequate elimination of emerging contaminants continue to pose major challenges. To address these issues, this study integrated ferulic acid (FA) into the Fe(II)/peracetic acid (PAA) system with the aim of improving its efficacy in reducing membrane fouling and breaking down sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system were systematically evaluated. Results indicated that the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system achieved a 69.9% membrane flux retention efficiency while removing 78.6% of SMX. Correlation analysis revealed that the efficient removal of SMX, along with a notable increase in zeta potential and particle size, were key factors contributing to membrane fouling control. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments revealed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH), high-valent iron species (Fe(IV)), specific organic radicals (R-O•), and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) served as key contributors to both membrane fouling mitigation and SMX degradation, with respective contribution rates of 40.23%, 36.00%, 20.30%, and 1.50% for fouling reduction, and 44.75%, 31.00%, 18.69%, and 2.85% for SMX degradation. Based on the extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system enhanced repulsive interactions between foulants and membranes as well as between foulants themselves, with standard blocking and cake filtration identified as the primary mechanisms responsible for the reduced membrane fouling. This study puts forward a green and cost-effective pretreatment approach for membrane-based water treatment. This approach can control membrane fouling, eliminate emerging pollutants by utilizing natural plant extracts, and provide practical solutions for the upgrading of water treatment plants.

超滤（UF）技术在饮用水处理中的应用不断扩大，但膜污染和对新出现的污染物去除不足等问题仍然是主要挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究将阿魏酸（FA）整合到Fe(II)/过氧乙酸（PAA）体系中，以提高其减少膜污染和分解磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的效率。系统评价了FA/Fe(II)/PAA体系的有效性及其作用机制。结果表明，FA/Fe(II)/PAA体系膜通量保持效率为69.9%，SMX去除率为78.6%。相关分析表明，SMX的有效去除、zeta电位和粒径的显著增加是控制膜污染的关键因素。电子顺磁共振（EPR）和淬灭实验表明，羟基自由基（•OH）、高价铁（Fe(IV)）、特定有机自由基（R-O•）和单重态氧（1O2）是膜污染缓解和SMX降解的关键因素，对膜污染减少的贡献率分别为40.23%、36.00%、20.30%和1.50%，对SMX降解的贡献率分别为44.75%、31.00%、18.69%和2.85%。基于扩展的derjaguin - laudeau - verwey - overbeek （XDLVO）理论，FA/Fe(II)/PAA体系增强了污染物与膜之间以及污染物本身之间的排斥相互作用，并确定了标准阻塞和滤饼过滤是减少膜污染的主要机制。本研究提出了一种绿色经济的膜基水处理预处理方法。该方法可以控制膜污染，利用天然植物提取物消除新出现的污染物，为水处理厂的升级改造提供切实可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic electricity and freshwater cogeneration by integrating high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with humidifier–dehumidifiers 将高温质子交换膜燃料电池与加湿器-除湿器集成，协同发电和淡水热电联产

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119941

Xu Guo , Zhaoyang Zhang , Houcheng Zhang

Coastal and island regions face chronic freshwater shortages and fragile power supply. Integrating high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) with humidifier–dehumidifiers (HDHs) can address both needs, yet system-level performance remains insufficiently quantified. This work develops a coupled system-level model that captures key thermodynamic–electrochemical irreversibilities to predict the performance of an HT-PEMFC/HDH hybrid system, and the constituent subsystem models are validated against published data. Numerical results show that, at an operating temperature of 435 K, the hybrid system attains a maximum power density of 5.09 kW m⁻² and energy and exergy efficiencies of 24.53% and 26.06%, representing gains of 0.93% and 0.95% over a stand-alone HT-PEMFC. Parametric studies identify operating current density, membrane relative humidity, and phosphoric acid doping level as effective levers for performance enhancement, whereas larger humidifier area, thicker membranes, and higher HDH humidity impede it. Moreover, Local sensitivity analysis ranks membrane thickness as the dominant driver, followed by doping level and membrane humidity, with humidifier area exerting the weakest influence. The results provide quantitative guidance for the design and operation of high-efficiency HT-PEMFC/HDH cogeneration systems tailored to water- and power-constrained coastal and island applications.

沿海和岛屿地区面临长期的淡水短缺和脆弱的电力供应。将高温质子交换膜燃料电池（ht - pemfc）与加湿器-除湿器（HDHs）集成可以满足这两种需求，但系统级性能仍然无法充分量化。这项工作开发了一个耦合系统级模型，该模型捕获了关键的热力学-电化学不可变性，以预测HT-PEMFC/HDH混合系统的性能，并根据已发表的数据验证了组成子系统模型。数值结果表明，在435 K的工作温度下，混合系统的最大功率密度为5.09 kW m−2，能量和火用效率分别为24.53%和26.06%，分别比单独的HT-PEMFC提高0.93%和0.95%。参数研究表明，操作电流密度、膜相对湿度和磷酸掺杂水平是提高性能的有效杠杆，而加湿器面积越大、膜越厚、HDH湿度越高则会阻碍性能的提高。局部敏感性分析显示，膜厚度是主要驱动因素，其次是掺杂水平和膜湿度，加湿器面积的影响最弱。研究结果为设计和运行高效的高温- pemfc /HDH热电联产系统提供了定量指导，该系统适合水和电力受限的沿海和岛屿应用。

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引用次数: 0

Developing high-pressure osmotic membranes for pressure-retarded osmosis using hypersaline draw solutions 用高盐溶液制备缓压渗透用高压渗透膜

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119894

Wanyu Li , Dan Li , Yuting Qian , Hong Liu , Qianhong She

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology for osmotic energy harvesting and storage, particularly when using hypersaline draw solutions that promoted enhanced power generation. However, the osmotic membranes for PRO must be operated under high pressures (>50 bar) to realized full energy potential of the hypersaline solution. Conventional osmotic membranes with highly porous and thin substrates to enhance mass transfer usually have low mechanical stabilities and suffer severe deformation under such critical operating conditions. To overcome the trade-off between mechanical strength and mass transfer in conventional osmotic membranes, this study strategically engineered the membrane substrate with large finger-like pores to enhance mass transfer, while reinforcing mechanical strength through innovative membrane material selection and modification. Specifically, aluminium tri-sec-butoxide (ASB), a robust metal oxide, was used as membrane pore former and filler to first form a highly porous mix-matrix polyetherimide (PEI) substrate. Subsequently, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-based sol-gel crosslinking was conducted to form inorganic interconnected networks within the polymeric membrane matrix, which substantially improved membrane strength without compromising mass transfer properties. The optimized membrane possessed high mass transfer coefficient of 2.47

\times

10⁻⁶ m/s and enhanced mechanical properties, and it demonstrated stable operation under operating pressure up to 55 bar and achieved power density of around 25 W/m², with a peak power density of ∼30 W/m² attained at an optimal operating pressure of ∼35 bar using a 2 M NaCl draw solution. Such peak performance was maintained for over 15 h at elevated pressure, within only 5% decline in power density was observed. This study highlights the importance of combining pore structure tailoring with chemical crosslinking to overcome the property trade-offs for high-pressure PRO membranes, providing fundamental insights and a promising basis for further studies toward sustainable osmotic energy harvesting and storage.

缓压渗透（PRO）是一种很有前途的渗透能量收集和储存技术，特别是当使用高盐溶液时，可以提高发电量。然而，PRO的渗透膜必须在高压（50巴）下操作，以实现高盐溶液的全部能量潜力。传统的渗透膜采用高多孔性和薄基底来增强传质，其机械稳定性较低，在这种临界操作条件下变形严重。为了克服传统渗透膜的机械强度和传质之间的权衡，本研究战略性地设计了具有大指状孔的膜基质来增强传质，同时通过创新的膜材料选择和改性来增强机械强度。具体来说，三叔丁醇铝（ASB）是一种坚固的金属氧化物，被用作膜孔形成剂和填料，首先形成高多孔的混合基聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）衬底。随后，以3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）为基础的溶胶-凝胶交联在聚合物膜基质内形成无机互联网络，在不影响传质性能的情况下大大提高了膜的强度。优化后的膜具有2.47×10−6 m/s的高传质系数和增强的力学性能，在高达55 bar的工作压力下表现出稳定的工作性能，功率密度约为25 W/m2，在2 m NaCl拉伸溶液的最佳工作压力为~ 35 bar时达到峰值功率密度为~ 30 W/m2。这种峰值性能在高压下保持超过15小时，功率密度仅下降5%。该研究强调了将孔隙结构定制与化学交联相结合的重要性，以克服高压PRO膜的性能权衡，为进一步研究可持续渗透能量收集和储存提供了基本见解和有希望的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Waste corrugated paperboard derived binder-free carbon for improved brackish water desalination performance via capacitive deionization 废瓦楞纸板衍生的无粘结剂碳通过电容去离子改善咸淡水脱盐性能

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119906

Qilin Liu , Binbin Tao , Chunhong Zhang , Shuang Wang , Ya Liu , Yan Lei , Xingtao Xu , Xingyi Huang

The construction of cost-effective and high-performance carbon materials is of great significance for the development of energy-efficient CO₂ capture agent and capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. As a low-cost, sustainable and abundant biomass waste material, it is a promising candidate material for the preparation of CO₂ capturer and CDI carbon electrodes. In this work, using waste corrugated paperboard as raw material, a porous carbon film with a hierarchically pore structure and binder-free was successfully prepared by thermal carbonization and KOH activation. Due to the lack of an effective spontaneous hole-making mechanism of the carbonized paperboard (carbonized PB), it has a low specific surface area (SSA, 8.38 m²/g), CO₂ capture capacity (0.77 mmol/g), specific capacitance (3.32 F/g) and NaCl adsorption (3.37 mg/g). The subsequent KOH activation (activated PB) treatment not only provides abundant active sites (SSA of 1055.46 m²/g, CO₂ capture capacity of 2.89 mmol/g), but also shortens the diffusion path of ions (specific capacitance of 256.75 F/g at 10 mV/s). In 500 mg/L NaCl solution, the salt adsorption capacity and rate were as high as 30.24 mg/g and 6.05 mg/g min, respectively. Activated PB show excellent cycle stability and high charge efficiency in long-term charge-discharge tests, and show good application prospects for the treatment of actual brackish water. Its excellent mechanical integrity ensures long-term operational stability in complex water treatment environments, providing reliable assurance for engineering applications. Meanwhile, compared with similar materials reported in the existing literature, the material shows significant competitive advantages in terms of comprehensive performance.

构建高性价比、高性能的碳材料对于开发高效节能的CO2捕集剂和电容去离子（CDI）技术具有重要意义。作为一种低成本、可持续和丰富的生物质废弃物，它是制备CO2捕集器和CDI碳电极的有前途的候选材料。本研究以废瓦楞纸板为原料，通过热碳化和KOH活化，成功制备了具有分层孔结构、无粘结剂的多孔碳膜。由于缺乏有效的自发制孔机制，碳化纸板（碳化PB）具有较低的比表面积（SSA为8.38 m2/g）、CO2捕集能力（0.77 mmol/g）、比电容（3.32 F/g）和NaCl吸附（3.37 mg/g）。随后的KOH活化（活化PB）处理不仅提供了丰富的活性位点（SSA为1055.46 m2/g， CO2捕获容量为2.89 mmol/g），而且缩短了离子的扩散路径（在10 mV/s下比电容为256.75 F/g）。在500 mg/L NaCl溶液中，吸附量和速率分别高达30.24 mg/g和6.05 mg/g min。在长期充放电试验中，活化PB表现出良好的循环稳定性和较高的充电效率，在实际微咸水处理中具有良好的应用前景。其优异的机械完整性确保了在复杂的水处理环境中长期稳定运行，为工程应用提供了可靠的保证。同时，与现有文献报道的同类材料相比，该材料在综合性能方面具有显著的竞争优势。

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引用次数: 0

Designing a high-performance solar evaporator with water-thermal balance via pore regulation strategy 基于孔隙调节策略的高性能水热平衡太阳能蒸发器设计

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119936

Mingxing Jing , Hongyuan Zhu , Rongzhi Sun , Dongnan Xu , Shaocong Chang , Wensheng Wang , Han Wu , Siyuan Jin , Xingli Zhang , Zhuangzhi Sun

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology is a viable approach to address worldwide freshwater scarcity. However, insufficient water supply at the evaporation interface and its imbalance with photothermal input severely limit further performance improvements. This study used delignified corn stalk pith and a pore-size-tunable SA/PVA/CNTs hydrogel composite to create a dual-layer evaporator with a gradient-pore structure. A systematic analysis of how hydrogel pore regulation influences water transport and interfacial photothermal resulted in optimal gradient pore size matching. This structure not only assures a continuous stable water supply at the evaporation interface, but it also maintains a dynamic balance between water supply and photothermal input during evaporation, successfully preventing water insufficiency or oversaturation. Under 1 sun, the evaporator reached an evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, above the theoretical limit. Furthermore, the gradient channels' rapid water movement promotes the reverse diffusion of surface salts. As a result, the evaporator operated continuously for 12 h in a 10 wt% NaCl high-salinity water with no salt precipitation, indicating exceptional salt resistance. The study achieves synergistic regulation of interfacial water supply and photothermal input via structural design, providing critical technological support for the innovative creation of high-performance solar interface evaporation systems.

太阳能驱动界面蒸发（SDIE）技术是解决全球淡水短缺的可行方法。然而，蒸发界面供水不足及其与光热输入的不平衡严重限制了性能的进一步提高。本研究使用脱木质素的玉米秸秆髓和孔径可调的SA/PVA/CNTs水凝胶复合材料制备了具有梯度孔结构的双层蒸发器。系统分析了水凝胶孔隙调节对水输运和界面光热的影响，得出了最佳梯度孔径匹配。这种结构不仅保证了蒸发界面持续稳定的供水，而且在蒸发过程中保持了供水和光热输入之间的动态平衡，成功地防止了水分不足或过饱和。在1个太阳下，蒸发器的蒸发速率达到1.87 kg m−2 h−1，高于理论极限。此外，梯度通道的快速水运动促进了表面盐的反向扩散。因此，蒸发器在10wt % NaCl的高盐度水中连续工作了12小时，没有盐沉淀，表明了出色的耐盐性。该研究通过结构设计实现了界面供水和光热输入的协同调节，为高性能太阳能界面蒸发系统的创新创造提供了关键的技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Electric field-assisted positively charged nanofiltration membranes for efficient Mg2+/Li+ separation 电场辅助正电荷纳滤膜用于Mg2+/Li+的高效分离

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119967

Chun-Xu Zhang , Yan-Yan Chen , Ren-Jie Fan , Yu-Xuan Sun , Xiaohu Wang , Fujun Xiong , Yong Wang , Mei-Ling Liu , Shi-Peng Sun , Weihong Xing

Electric field-assisted nanofiltration (ENF) has emerged as a promising technology for Mg²⁺/Li⁺ separation from salt lake brines. However, integrating ENF process with widely used negatively charged membranes induces a non-uniform distribution of reconstructed positive charge. This leads to reduced separation efficiency under high feed concentrations due to charge shielding effects. To overcome this limitation, we developed a strategy employing a positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane under an applied electric field. This configuration facilitates both the dehydration of hydrated Li⁺ and a more uniform distribution of positive charges on the membrane surface. The optimized system demonstrated a remarkable separation performance, achieving nearly 100% rejection of Mg²⁺ and − 176% rejection of Li⁺. The separation factor (S_{Li, Mg}) represents a 162-fold improvement over the system without an electric field. The ENF process successfully separated Mg²⁺ and Li⁺ even in real Yiliping salt lake brine. Furthermore, the permeate stream containing high-purity Li⁺ enabled the production of battery-grade Li₂CO₃ with 99.9% purity. This study demonstrates a pragmatic and efficient approach for Mg²⁺/Li⁺ separation, showcasing considerable promise for high-purity Li⁺ extraction from salt lakes.

电场辅助纳滤（ENF）是一种很有前途的从盐湖盐水中分离Mg2+/Li+的技术。然而，将ENF过程与广泛使用的带负电荷的膜相结合会导致重构正电荷的不均匀分布。这将导致在高进料浓度下由于电荷屏蔽效应而降低分离效率。为了克服这一限制，我们开发了一种在外加电场下使用带正电的纳滤（NF）膜的策略。这种结构既有利于水合锂离子的脱水，也有利于正电荷在膜表面的更均匀分布。优化后的体系分离效果显著，对Mg2+的去除率接近100%，对Li+的去除率为- 176%。分离系数（SLi, Mg）比没有电场的系统提高了162倍。ENF法在一里坪盐湖实际卤水中也成功地分离了Mg2+和Li+。此外，含有高纯度Li+的渗透流使生产纯度为99.9%的电池级Li₂CO₃成为可能。该研究展示了一种实用高效的Mg2+/Li+分离方法，为从盐湖中提取高纯度Li+提供了可观的前景。

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引用次数: 0