Desalination最新文献_第5页

From commercial melamine foam to C-O-M coupled La-doped MgAl-borate LDH/nitrogen-doped carbon composite: a multipollutant adsorbent for wastewater remediation over a broad pH range 从商业三聚氰胺泡沫到C-O-M偶联la掺杂mal -硼酸LDH/氮掺杂碳复合材料：用于广泛pH范围内废水修复的多污染物吸附剂

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119867

Chen Tan , Jing Miao , Kanghui Liu , Aichun Zhao , Xinlong Guo , Linjie Qin

Developing cost-effective adsorbents capable of treating multipollutant wastewater under fluctuating pH conditions remains a major challenge for layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials. Herein, we report a La-doped MgAl-borate LDH/Nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid (LaMgAl-BLDH/NC) constructed through a C-O-M interfacial coupling, in which hydroxyl-rich N-doped carbon reacts with the metal‑oxygen layers of LaMgAl-BLDH to form robust covalent C-O-M linkages. This bonding-directed assembly produces a chemically durable and strongly integrated 3D porous network with enhanced charge heterogeneity and improved resistance to acidic or alkaline corrosion. Benefiting from this strengthened interfacial coupling and the synergistic effects of La incorporation, the LaMgAl-BLDH/NC composite exhibits high removal capacities toward structurally diverse pollutants, achieving maximum capacities of 995.20 mg/g for Congo red, 3020.19 mg/g for malachite green, and 151.34 mg/g for phosphate. Notably, compare with conventional LDHs that undergo structural degradation in acidic or alkaline environments, the C-O-M reinforced hybrid maintains excellent performance over a broad pH range of 4–10. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for Congo red, malachite green and phosphate at pH 2, 4 and 12 correspond to 79.65%, 87.32% and 58.83% of those obtained at their respective optimal pH values. Mechanistic analysis reveals that electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, π-π stacking, pore filling jointly govern the removal process. Optimization via Box-Behnken response surface methodology further enhances removal efficiency by identifying favorable synthesis and operational conditions. This work establishes a generalizable, low-cost C-O-M bonding strategy for pH-tolerant LDH/carbon hybrids, enabling efficient remediation of multipollutant industrial wastewater.

开发具有成本效益的吸附剂，能够处理波动pH条件下的多污染物废水，仍然是层状双氢氧化物（LDH）基材料面临的主要挑战。本文中，我们报道了一种通过C-O-M界面偶联构建的la掺杂mgal -硼酸LDH/氮掺杂碳杂化物（LaMgAl-BLDH/NC），其中富含羟基的n掺杂碳与LaMgAl-BLDH的金属氧层反应形成坚固的共价C-O-M键。这种键合导向的组件产生了化学耐用且高度集成的3D多孔网络，增强了电荷的非均质性，并提高了抗酸性或碱性腐蚀的能力。得益于这种增强的界面耦合和La加入的协同效应，lamal - bldh /NC复合材料对不同结构的污染物表现出很高的去除能力，对刚果红、孔雀石绿和磷酸盐的最大去除率分别为995.20 mg/g、3020.19 mg/g和151.34 mg/g。值得注意的是，与在酸性或碱性环境中发生结构降解的传统LDHs相比，C-O-M增强混合材料在4-10的广泛pH范围内保持了优异的性能。在pH值为2、4和12时，吸附剂对刚果红、孔雀石绿和磷酸盐的最大吸附量分别为其最佳pH值时的79.65%、87.32%和58.83%。机理分析表明，静电相互作用、离子交换、π-π堆积、孔隙填充共同控制了去除过程。通过Box-Behnken响应面法优化，确定了有利的合成条件和操作条件，进一步提高了去除效率。这项工作为耐ph LDH/碳杂合物建立了一种可推广的低成本C-O-M键合策略，使多污染物工业废水的有效修复成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Structural advantages of [B8O10(OH)6] for sustainable dual-functional scale/corrosion Inhibition in circulating water systems [B8O10(OH)6]在循环水系统中可持续双功能阻垢/缓蚀的结构优势

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119869

Dong Guo, Ruidi Sun, Yahui Zhao, Yuansheng Pei, Li'an Hou

Polyborates' ion-complexation and self-propagating boronization effects render them promising sustainable alternatives to conventional circulating-water treatment inhibitors. It has been demonstrated that the B hybridization type and bonding modes dictate the ionic complexation activity and passivation efficiency of polyborates. This study developed a polyborate anion with [B₈O₁₀(OH)₆]²⁻ as the primary structure, based on the inhibition mechanism of boron‑oxygen ligands. This structure incorporates triborate (3: [2△ + T]) and pentaborate (5: [4△ + T]) substructures featuring both oxy-bridged and vertex-sharing bonding modes. Specifically, the [BO₄] unit within the 3: [2△ + T] substructure carries two terminal hydroxyl groups not involved in bridging. These B–OH serve as the primary coordination sites, with Ca²⁺ preferentially forming multidentate complexes via terminal B–OH (1.459 Å) rather than bridging B–O–B (1.480 Å). The 5:[4△ + T] substructure's high affinity for calcite induces extensive nucleation defects, fully converting calcite to vaterite for highly efficient scale inhibition. Furthermore, following the introduction of [B₈O₁₀(OH)₆]²⁻ into the system, the boron content on the carbon steel surface reached 19.5 at.%, which is attributed to FeB bond formation via self-propagating boronizing. Concurrently, surface FeO bonds (∼1.9 Å) were characteristic of dense Fe₃O₄ or γ-Fe₂O₃ spinel structures. Therefore, polyborates achieve chemical passivation of carbon steel through boronizing and oxidation. Compared to conventional inhibitors (e.g., aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyaspartic acid (PASP)), [B₈O₁₀(OH)₆]²⁻ exhibited more satisfactory scale and corrosion inhibition rates. More importantly, it significantly reduced effluent pollution, decreasing total nitrogen (TN) discharge by 43%, total phosphorus (TP) by 97%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by up to 74%.

聚硼酸盐的离子络合和自传播硼化效应使其成为传统循环水处理抑制剂的可持续替代品。研究表明，B杂化类型和成键模式决定了聚硼酸盐的离子络合活性和钝化效率。本研究基于硼氧配体的抑制机理，开发了以[B8O10(OH)6]2−为一级结构的聚硼酸盐阴离子。该结构包含三硼酸盐（3:[2△+ T]）和五硼酸盐（5:[4△+ T]）亚结构，具有氧桥接和顶点共享键模式。具体来说，3:[2△+ T]亚结构中的[BO4]单元携带两个不参与桥接的末端羟基。这些B-OH作为主要的配位位点，Ca2+优先通过末端B-OH形成多齿配合物（1.459 Å），而不是桥接B-O-B （1.480 Å）。5:[4△+ T]亚结构对方解石的高亲和力导致了广泛的成核缺陷，将方解石完全转化为水晶石，实现了高效阻垢。在体系中引入[B8O10(OH)6]2−后，碳钢表面的硼含量达到19.5 at。%，这是由于通过自传播渗硼形成的FeB键。同时，表面FeO键（~ 1.9 Å）具有密集Fe3O4或γ-Fe2O3尖晶石结构的特征。因此，聚硼酸盐通过渗硼和氧化实现碳钢的化学钝化。与传统的阻垢剂（如氨基三甲基膦酸（ATMP）、聚丙烯酸（PAA）、聚天冬氨酸（PASP））相比，[B8O10(OH)6]2−表现出更令人满意的阻垢和缓蚀率。更重要的是，它显著减少了废水污染，总氮（TN）排放量减少了43%，总磷（TP）减少了97%，化学需氧量（COD）减少了74%。

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引用次数: 0

Novel photothermal application of medium-entropy transition metal carbide in interfacial solar water evaporation 中熵过渡金属碳化物在界面太阳能水蒸发中的新型光热应用

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119865

Juan Rong , Ziyu Gui , Daoping Xiang

Interfacial solar water evaporation has emerged as an environmentally friendly desalination technology since it could utilize sunlight irradiation as the only energy source to produce drinkable freshwater. Transition metal carbide (TMC) was a group of promising photothermal materials that could generate heat for solar water evaporation. In the present work, medium-entropy transition metal carbide (MTMC) powders were prepared by carbothermal reduction reaction, in which the formation of medium-entropy (TiWMo)C phase has facilitated further enhancement on near-infrared absorbance to realized higher absorptivity compared to conventional titanium carbide. The MTMC photothermal powders were incorporated with modified balsa wood matrix by coating to produce evaporator, whose natural internal channel structure could serve as pathways for water supply and salt backflow during desalination. Modification of balsa wood also ensured the simultaneous utilization of larger exposed evaporation area and natural internal channel structure based on balsa wood matrix. As a result, the highest evaporation rate of 2.62 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ was achieved by the evaporator during indoor evaporation experiment under 1.0 sun illumination. Overall, the evaporator produced by our present work has proposed a novel method to improve traditional TMC photothermal materials by producing medium-entropy (TiWMo)C phase, so as to realize efficient performance by incorporating with modified wood material as matrix.

界面太阳能蒸发是一种环境友好型海水淡化技术，因为它可以利用太阳光照射作为唯一的能源来生产可饮用的淡水。过渡金属碳化物（TMC）是一种很有前途的光热材料，可以为太阳能水蒸发产生热量。本文采用碳热还原法制备了中熵过渡金属碳化物（MTMC）粉末，其中中熵（TiWMo）C相的形成进一步增强了近红外吸光度，实现了比常规碳化钛更高的吸光度。通过涂层将MTMC光热粉末与改性巴尔沙木基质结合制成蒸发器，蒸发器内部的天然通道结构可作为海水淡化过程中供水和盐回流的通道。轻杉木的改性也保证了同时利用更大的暴露蒸发面积和基于轻杉木基质的天然内部通道结构。结果表明，在1.0太阳照度的室内蒸发实验中，蒸发器的最高蒸发速率为2.62 kg m−2 h−1。综上所述，我们所研制的蒸发器提出了一种新的方法，通过产生中熵（TiWMo）C相来改进传统的TMC光热材料，从而以改性木材材料为基体实现高效的性能。

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引用次数: 0

The dual role of polysaccharide in scaling control during the capacitive deionizing membrane distillation (CDIMD) purification of high-fluoride brackish groundwater 在电容式去离子膜蒸馏净化高氟微咸地下水过程中，多糖控制结垢的双重作用

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119864

Chang Liu , Zhenghao Ni , Xueting Li , Jinghong Liu , Jiayun Shen , Liang Zhu , Mei Pan , Wenlan Yang

A newly-designed capacitive deionizing membrane distillation (CDIMD) technology was applied to treat high-fluoride (F⁻) brackish groundwater (BG), and the influencing mechanisms of polysaccharide (sodium alginate, SA) interference on the CDIMD performance were explored in this work. The CDIMD generally maintained a good removal rate (≥99%–100%) for each type of contaminants regardless of the SA interference. However, the polysaccharide interference exhibited a dual-role in CDIMD scaling control. Under a slight SA interference (5–10 mg/L), the polysaccharide interference synergistically suppressed the scaling development in CDIMD via the powerful crosslinking feature of SA-Ca²⁺ complex, which showing a higher stability than initial nucleus in the micro-electric field of CDIMD. This synergy mechanism largely urged the competitive chelation of Ca²⁺ by SA, elevating the inherent CDIMD performance of ion severance and subsequent prevention of nucleus formation. Hence, the final normalized membrane flux (NMF) of BG group (NMF of 0.25, 168 h) was clearly improved to a higher NMF of 0.71–0.83 for 5–10 mg/L SA + BG groups. Under an excess SA interference (20–100 mg/L), the polysaccharide interference posed antagonistic impacts on the CDIMD fouling control by generating another risk of increasing gel fouling for the CDIMD. This antagonistic mechanism partly weakened the adsorption/storage performance of anions by electrodes, and then elevated the mass transfer resistance of composite membranes. Therefore, a later deteriorative flux decline (NMF of 0.19, 168 h) even more severe than BG group was obtained for 100 mg/L SA + BG group. The long-term mitigation of membrane scaling can be implemented in CDIMD by duly adjusting the polysaccharide interference of influent within a proper range of 5–10 mg/L, and these valuable salts and fluoride were recyclable via the desorption-regeneration of electrodes and membranes.

采用新设计的电容式去离子膜蒸馏（CDIMD）技术处理高氟（F−）微咸地下水（BG），探讨了多糖（海藻酸钠，SA）干扰对CDIMD性能的影响机理。无论SA是否干扰，cdmd对各类污染物的去除率均保持良好（≥99%-100%）。然而，多糖干扰在cdmd结垢控制中表现出双重作用。在轻微SA干扰（5-10 mg/L）下，多糖干扰通过SA- ca2 +络合物强大的交联特性协同抑制CDIMD的结垢发展，在CDIMD微电场中表现出比初始核更高的稳定性。这种协同机制在很大程度上促进了SA对Ca2+的竞争性螯合，提高了离子分离和随后防止核形成的固有cdmd性能。因此，BG组的最终归一化膜通量（NMF）（NMF为0.25,168 h）明显提高，5-10 mg/L SA + BG组的NMF为0.71-0.83。在过量SA干扰（20-100 mg/L）下，多糖干扰对cddd结垢控制产生拮抗作用，产生另一种增加cddd凝胶结垢的风险。这种拮抗机制在一定程度上削弱了电极对阴离子的吸附/储存性能，从而提高了复合膜的传质阻力。因此，100 mg/L SA + BG组较BG组有更晚的恶化通量下降（NMF为0.19,168 h），甚至比BG组更严重。通过适当调节进水中多糖的干扰，在5 ~ 10 mg/L的适当范围内，可实现CDIMD中膜结垢的长期缓解，这些有价值的盐和氟可通过电极和膜的解吸-再生循环利用。

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引用次数: 0

Self-sabotage or problem solving: Tracking the metal leaching from PVDF mixed matrix membranes containing MOFs used in water separations 自我破坏或解决问题：追踪用于水分离的含mof的PVDF混合基质膜的金属浸出

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119866

Roberto Castro-Muñoz , Maksymilian Plata-Gryl , Alberto Figoli , Francesco Galiano

Over the last few decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-doped mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have been recognized as outstanding materials for membrane fabrication in water treatment or desalination applications, which, in general, have exhibited a better performance than pristine polymer membranes. However, are those MMMs-containing MOFs really stable for desalination or water purification purposes? This short communication aims to experimentally demonstrate the potential for metal leaching under accelerated aqueous exposure into water streams from PVDF MMMs containing eight distinct MOFs. A straightforward leaching test was conducted by immersing the produced membranes in ultrapure water at 80 °C for one week, followed by quantitative analysis of metal ions using ICP-OES. The results revealed detectable metal leaching from all investigated MOF/PVDF membranes, with concentrations ranging from a few ppb up to several thousand ppb, despite the absence of significant changes in membrane morphology or porosity. These findings highlight that even MOFs commonly regarded as water-stable may lack stability when embedded in polymer matrices and exposed to aqueous conditions. This study underscores the importance of routinely assessing metal leaching and membrane integrity of MMMs for water separation applications, with implications for both environmental safety and long-term membrane stability.

在过去的几十年里，金属有机框架（mof）掺杂混合基质膜（MMMs）被认为是水处理或海水淡化应用中膜制造的杰出材料，通常表现出比原始聚合物膜更好的性能。然而，这些含有mmms的mof真的能稳定地用于海水淡化或水净化吗？这篇简短的通讯旨在通过实验证明，在含有8种不同mof的PVDF mm中，金属在加速水溶液暴露到水流中的可能性。将制备的膜浸泡在80°C的超纯水中一周，进行直接浸出试验，然后使用ICP-OES对金属离子进行定量分析。结果显示，在所研究的MOF/PVDF膜中均可检测到金属浸出，浓度从几ppb到几千ppb不等，尽管膜形态或孔隙度没有明显变化。这些发现强调，即使通常被认为是水稳定的mof，当嵌入聚合物基质并暴露在水环境中时，也可能缺乏稳定性。这项研究强调了在水分离应用中常规评估金属浸出和膜完整性的重要性，这对环境安全和长期膜稳定性都有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Networked pitch-derived semicoke-coated Ni foam with synergistic photon and fluidic management for highly efficient solar steam generation 网络沥青衍生半焦涂层镍泡沫与协同光子和流体管理高效太阳能蒸汽产生

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119861

Biao Zhang, Yakun Tang, Sen Dong, Youyuan Xu, Lei Liang, Yue Zhang, Lang Liu

Three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam evaporators integrated with self-assembled semiconductor photothermal materials are garnering significant interest for interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) owing to tunable energy bands, porous structures and excellent wettability. Nevertheless, the widespread deployment of these evaporators is constrained by high cost and the inherent instability of semiconductor materials, which are susceptible to oxidation or photo-corrosion under prolonged light exposure. Herein, a robust networked pitch-derived semicoke-coated Ni foam evaporator (NPSC@NF-1) is fabricated by a facile dip-coating strategy. In NPSC@NF-1, the 3D porous structure of the Ni foam and the network structure of pitch-derived semicoke synergistically enhance light absorption through internal multiple scattering of incident light. Additionally, the tuned pore size distribution and tailored wettability of NPSC@NF-1 collectively optimize water supply through Laplace pressure-driven capillary action, achieving efficient photothermal energy conversion and enhanced evaporation performance. Consequently, NPSC@NF-1 achieved a high evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 83.92 % under 1 sun illumination. The simple fabrication process of NPSC@NF-1 not only facilitates the development of high-performance evaporators but also promotes the efficient utilization of pitch resources.

集成自组装半导体光热材料的三维（3D） Ni泡沫蒸发器由于其可调谐的能带，多孔结构和优异的润湿性而引起了界面太阳能蒸汽产生（ISSG）的极大兴趣。然而，这些蒸发器的广泛部署受到高成本和半导体材料固有的不稳定性的限制，半导体材料在长时间的光照下容易氧化或光腐蚀。在这里，一个鲁棒网络沥青衍生的半焦涂层镍泡沫蒸发器（NPSC@NF-1）是由一个简单的浸涂策略。在NPSC@NF-1中，Ni泡沫的三维多孔结构和沥青衍生半焦的网状结构通过入射光的内部多次散射协同增强光吸收。此外，NPSC@NF-1的调节孔径分布和定制润湿性通过拉普拉斯压力驱动的毛细作用共同优化供水，实现高效的光热能量转换和增强的蒸发性能。因此，NPSC@NF-1在1个太阳照射下实现了1.48 kg m−2 h−1的高蒸发速率和83.92%的光热转换效率。NPSC@NF-1的简单制作工艺不仅有利于高性能蒸发器的开发，也促进了沥青资源的高效利用。

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引用次数: 0

Ascorbic acid enhances the activation of peroxymonosulfate by Schwertmannite/biochar composites for emerging organic contaminants degradation 抗坏血酸增强了schwertmanite /生物炭复合材料对新兴有机污染物降解的过氧单硫酸盐的活化

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119806

Shenbao Qu , Hongyan Yang , Ruyi Wang , Man Wei , Xia Hu , Aijiang Yang , Shiying Song

This study successfully synthesized a composite catalyst (Sch@BC) by loading schwertmannite (Sch) onto biochar (BC) through biomineralization using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f.) to develop iron-based catalysts with enhanced environmental benefits. While BC alone exhibited a modest 15 % degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, the Sch@BC + PMS system significantly improved degradation efficiency to 81 %. Additionally, the incorporation of ascorbic acid (AA) as a green chelator further boosted catalytic performance. Under optimized conditions, the AA+Sch@BC + PMS system achieved a high DMP degradation rate of 98.93 % within 120 min. Radical quenching experiments coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed that SO₄•⁻ and •OH were the primary reactive species responsible for DMP degradation, with ¹O₂ playing a minor role. The AA+Sch@BC + PMS system exhibited exceptional practical applicability, including robust anti-interference capabilities, broad-spectrum degradation efficiency for other emerging contaminants, and suitability for treating landfill leachate. In conclusion, the biomineralization approach for catalyst modification derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) offers substantial practical significance, presenting a promising avenue for the environmentally friendly and effective degradation of emerging pollutants.

本研究利用Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （a.f.）通过生物矿化将schwertmannite （Sch）装载到生物炭（BC）上，成功合成了复合催化剂（Sch@BC），开发了具有增强环境效益的铁基催化剂。虽然BC单独通过过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）活化对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的降解率为15%，但Sch@BC + PMS系统显着提高了降解效率至81%。此外，抗坏血酸（AA）作为绿色螯合剂的掺入进一步提高了催化性能。在优化条件下，AA+Sch@BC + PMS体系在120 min内的DMP降解率达到98.93%。自由基猝灭实验结合电子顺磁共振（EPR）分析证实，SO₄•−和•OH是DMP降解的主要反应物质，o₂起次要作用。AA+Sch@BC + PMS系统表现出卓越的实用性，包括强大的抗干扰能力，对其他新兴污染物的广谱降解效率，以及处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的适用性。综上所述，采用生物矿化方法对酸性矿山废水（AMD）进行催化剂改性具有重要的现实意义，为环境友好、有效降解新出现的污染物提供了一条有前景的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Alkali-activation as a facile way to reinforce porosity and defective aromatic structures of rice husk-based carbonaceous electrodes via C and Si etching governing brackish water desalination performance of flow-electrode capacitive deionization 碱活化是一种通过C和Si蚀刻增强稻壳基碳质电极孔隙度和芳香结构缺陷的简便方法，可控制流动电极电容去离子的微咸水脱盐性能

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119859

Jaegwan Shin , Jeong Geun Park , SeungCheol Yang , Hojung Rho , Ho Kyong Shon , Kangmin Chon

This study comprehensively compared rice husk-based carbonaceous electrodes (RHCE) and NaOH-activated RHCE (RHCE_SHx; x: NaOH concentrations) to investigate the feasibility of NaOH-based alkali-activation for enhancing porous and defective aromatic structures of RHCE directly associated with brackish water desalination performance of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI). Porous and defective aromatic structures were better developed on RHCE surfaces due to the etching of C and Si via facilitated corrosive reactions between alkaline metal oxides and/or reactive gases at higher NaOH concentrations during pyrolysis. These phenomena changed the rheological nature from fluid-like behavior to solid-like behavior of flow-electrode suspensions with RHCE. Consequently, the FCDI stack employing RHCE_SH4.0 (specific capacitance (C_S) = 0.39 F g⁻¹; total resistance (|Z|_{0.01 Hz}) = 91.5 Ω) exhibited higher electrochemical performance than that using other RHCEs (C_S = 0.23–0.35 F g⁻¹; |Z|_{0.01 Hz} = 96.9–177.4 Ω), leading to the greatest brackish water desalination performance of the FCDI process employing RHCE_SH4.0. In contrast, RHCE_SH2.0 appeared to be more cost-effective than other RHCEs in terms of yield-normalized average salt removal rate values (ASRR_YN) of the FCDI process (ASRR_YN: RHCE_SH2.0 (0.0371 mg cm⁻² min⁻¹) > other RHCEs (0.0292–0.0345 mg cm⁻² min⁻¹)). Electrosorption played a dominant role in eliminating charged ions, rather than electrodialysis, in the FCDI process employing RHCE_SH2.0 under various operational conditions. As the FCDI process employing RHCE_SH2.0 maintained excellent brackish water desalination performance at 10 cycles, it can be a promising option for stimulating practical applications of the FCDI process.

本研究综合比较了稻壳基碳质电极（RHCE）和NaOH活化的RHCE （RHCESHx； x: NaOH浓度），探讨了NaOH碱法活化RHCE的可行性，以增强RHCE的多孔和缺陷芳香结构，这些结构与流动电极电容性去离子（FCDI）的半咸水脱盐性能直接相关。在热解过程中，碱性金属氧化物和（或）较高NaOH浓度的反应气体之间的腐蚀反应促进了C和Si的蚀刻，从而使RHCE表面形成了多孔和缺陷的芳香结构。这些现象改变了含RHCE的流动电极悬浮液的流变性质，从类流体行为转变为类固体行为。因此，采用RHCESH4.0的FCDI堆栈(比电容(CS) = 0.39 F g−1；总电阻(|Z|0.01 Hz) = 91.5 Ω)比其他rhce （CS = 0.23-0.35 F g−1;|Z|0.01 Hz = 96.9-177.4 Ω）表现出更高的电化学性能，因此采用RHCESH4.0的FCDI工艺具有最好的半咸水脱盐性能。相比之下，在FCDI工艺的产率标准化平均脱盐率（ASRRYN）方面，RHCESH2.0比其他RHCEs更具成本效益(ASRRYN: RHCESH2.0 （0.0371 mg cm−2 min−1)>；其他RHCEs (0.0292-0.0345 mg cm−2 min−1)）。在各种操作条件下，采用RHCESH2.0的FCDI工艺中，电吸附而不是电渗析对带电离子的消除起主导作用。由于采用RHCESH2.0的FCDI工艺在10次循环后仍能保持优异的苦咸水脱盐性能，因此可以作为刺激FCDI工艺实际应用的一个有希望的选择。

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引用次数: 0

A high-performance composite anion exchange membrane for electrodialysis of hypersaline wastewater 用于高盐废水电渗析的高性能复合阴离子交换膜

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119858

Dongyu You , Jiaxin Zhang , Susu Yuan , Dengyue Mao , Xiuhua Li , Yigang Yu

Electrodialysis (ED) is one of the few methods capable of simultaneously separating and concentrating valuable ionic components from dilute solutions without the use of additional chemical reagents, playing an important role in the harmless treatment of salty wastewater. However, the ED performance at high salinity processes is strongly limited by the reverse diffusion of ionic compounds through the applied ion exchange membranes. This work customized a series of hydrophobic octadecyl long-chain modified mono-cationic ionomers with different functionalities (DMODA-x), and developed a series of ultra-thin pore-filling composite anion exchange membranes (DMODA-x@PE) with enhanced basic properties. The interaction of the side chains and micro-pore walls of the PE support ensures that the characteristics of the developed membranes depend less on the external NaCl solution concentrations than that of commercial AMX. Notably, the apparent transport numbers of the most conductive DMODA-0.6@PE among the tailored membranes decrease from 0.992 to 0.808 versus a decrease from 0.970 to 0.761 for AMX under the concentration difference of 0.4–4.0 mol L⁻¹ (NaCl). Moreover, the ED stack with DMODA-0.6@PE provides the average current efficiency reaching 94 % and decreasing to 81 % at initial desalination/concentration NaCl concentrations of 0.10/0.10 and 3.0/0.6 (mol L⁻¹/mol L⁻¹), respectively. As to AMX, the corresponding current efficiencies are 87 % and 71 %. The use of DMODA-0.6@PE leads to an increase in average current efficiency by 1.14 times compared to AMX at the high salinity system. The properties of DMODA-0.6@PE are promising for ED desalination of high-salinity aqueous systems.

电渗析（Electrodialysis， ED）是为数不多的能够同时从稀释溶液中分离和浓缩有价值离子成分而不需要使用额外化学试剂的方法之一，在含盐废水的无害化处理中起着重要作用。然而，在高盐度过程中，离子化合物通过离子交换膜的反向扩散严重限制了ED的性能。本工作定制了一系列不同官能团的疏水十八烷基长链修饰单阳离子离聚物（DMODA-x），开发了一系列碱性增强的超薄孔填充复合阴离子交换膜（DMODA-x@PE）。PE支架侧链和微孔壁的相互作用确保了开发膜的特性对外部NaCl溶液浓度的依赖小于商业AMX。值得注意的是，在0.4 ~ 4.0 mol L−1 （NaCl）的浓度差下，最导电的DMODA-0.6@PE膜的表观输运数从0.992下降到0.808，而AMX膜的表观输运数从0.970下降到0.761。在初始NaCl浓度为0.10/0.10和3.0/0.6 （mol L−1/mol L−1）时，掺DMODA-0.6@PE的ED堆的平均电流效率分别达到94%和81%。对于AMX，相应的电流效率分别为87%和71%。在高矿化度体系中，与AMX相比，DMODA-0.6@PE的使用使平均电流效率提高了1.14倍。DMODA-0.6@PE的性能对高盐度水体系的ED脱盐具有很大的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Aerogel-insertion with flow-field-control assisted directional nucleation for advanced hydroxyapatite electroprecipitation recovery from wastewater 流场控制气凝胶插入辅助定向成核法回收废水中羟基磷灰石

IF 9.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119856

Lidong Feng , Yuhang Zhang , Long-Fei Ren , Jiahui Shao

Electroprecipitation (EP) of phosphate contaminants in wastewater into valuable calcium phosphate (Ca-P precipitates) offers dual benefits of environmental protection and resource conservation. However, conventional EP system often failed to meet kinetic and thermodynamic requirements for producing high-quality hydroxyapatite (HAP), leading to sluggish precipitation, poor effluent quality, and undesirable product impurity. Therefore, this study developed a silk fibroin aerogel (SFA)-inserted electroprecipitation system with a controllable flow field (SFA-EP-CFF) for efficient and directional recovery of high-purity HAP with stable effluent quality. Within this configuration, controllable flow field promoted ionic mass-transfer and enrichment of phosphate, Ca²⁺, and OH⁻ within SFA column. Meanwhile, biomimetic templating effect of SFA column induced rapid capture of reactive ions and induced localized heterogeneous Ca-P nucleation, finally strengthening both kinetics and thermodynamics conditions of HAP crystallization. Moreover, SFA column's buffering capability effectively mitigated pH fluctuations and hydrodynamic disturbances, ensuring stable operation. Consequently, the SFA-EP-CFF system achieved 97 % directional Ca-P precipitates recovery within 16 h, with stable effluent (pH < 7.2, turbidity<32 NTU) and strong anti-interference ability. During continuous operation over 160 h with actual wastewater, it sustained >97 % Ca-P recovery efficiency, and the product exhibited a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67 ± 0.04, matching the stoichiometric value of HAP. It also demonstrated competitive energy consumption compared with other reported EP-based systems. Overall, this study provided an efficient and facile electrochemical strategy for sustainable phosphate resource recovery from wastewater.

电沉淀法将废水中的磷酸盐污染物转化为有价磷酸钙（Ca-P沉淀物）具有保护环境和节约资源的双重效益。然而，传统的EP系统往往不能满足生产高质量羟基磷灰石（HAP）的动力学和热力学要求，导致沉淀缓慢，出水水质差，产品杂质不良。因此，本研究开发了一种可控流场（SFA- ep - cff）的丝素素气凝胶（SFA- ep - cff）插入电沉淀系统，用于高效、定向回收高纯度HAP，出水水质稳定。在这种结构下，可控流场促进了SFA柱内的离子传质和磷酸盐、Ca2+和OH−的富集。同时，SFA柱的仿生模板效应诱导活性离子快速捕获，诱导局部非均相Ca-P成核，最终强化HAP结晶的动力学和热力学条件。此外，SFA柱的缓冲能力有效地减轻了pH波动和水动力干扰，确保了稳定的运行。因此，SFA-EP-CFF系统在16 h内实现了97%的定向Ca-P沉淀回收率，出水稳定（pH < 7.2，浊度<；32 NTU），抗干扰能力强。与实际废水连续运行160 h， Ca-P回收率达97%，产物Ca/P摩尔比为1.67±0.04，符合HAP的化学计量值。与其他已报道的基于ep的系统相比，它还显示出具有竞争力的能耗。总之，本研究为废水中磷酸盐资源的可持续回收提供了一种高效、便捷的电化学策略。

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引用次数: 0