Desalination最新文献_第6页

One-pot synthesis of composite metal-organic framework for enhanced water adsorption: Feasibility and mechanism exploration 用于增强水吸附的复合金属有机框架的一锅合成：可行性与机理探索

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118251

Qiyang Wu , Xiang Ma , Libing Zheng , Hui Zhong , Yuansong Wei

Metal-organic framework (MOF) offers a promising solution to the global water crisis with atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). However, its practical application is limited by its water adsorption performance in various humidity conditions. In this work, composited MOFs (CMOFs) with hygroscopic salt were synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method to enhance the water uptake, and the effect of aluminum sources and dispersants was investigated. AlCl₃ and Al(NO₃)₃ were efficient aluminum sources that showed stable water adsorption performance, which exhibited excellent water adsorption performance with a water adsorption capacity of 0.4 g·g⁻¹ at 20 % RH for MOF-303. The crystal structure of MOF-303 will change and show a significantly low specific surface area as Al₂(SO₄)₃ is used as the aluminum source, and the water adsorption capacity decreases to 0.2 g·g⁻¹ at 20 % RH because of the strong binding energy (−7.196 eV) between SO₄²⁻ and MOF-303. Hygroscopic salt was incorporated in MOF successfully via the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method, the composite ratio of salt was 0.1442, 0.1732, and 0.1607 g·g⁻¹ in MOF-303-LiOH, MOF-303-NaOH, and MOF-303-Ca(OH)₂. The new chemical state of chlorine and sodium elements demonstrate that the hygroscopic salt was adsorbed/trapped by the MOF structure. MOF-303-NaOH showed a stable water adsorption capacity of 0.22 g·g⁻¹ at 30 % RH and significantly enhanced water adsorption capacity of up to 2.05 g·g⁻¹ at 95 % RH. Meanwhile, the ratio of salts in the CMOF can be adjusted with the proportion of dispersants, the cyclic adsorption test indicated that AlFu-NaOH-2 maintained the water adsorption capacity of 1.62 g·g⁻¹ without deliquesce. This work provides a new strategy for synthesizing CMOFs with excellent water adsorption performance, which can potentially promote the application of MOF in AWH.

金属有机框架（MOF）通过大气集水（AWH）为解决全球水危机提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案。然而，它在各种湿度条件下的吸水性能限制了其实际应用。本研究采用一锅水热法合成了含有吸湿盐的复合 MOFs（CMOFs），以提高其吸水性，并研究了铝源和分散剂的影响。AlCl3和Al(NO3)3是高效的铝源，具有稳定的吸水性能，其中MOF-303具有优异的吸水性能，在20% RH条件下吸水容量为0.4 g-g-1。当使用 Al2(SO4)3 作为铝源时，MOF-303 的晶体结构会发生变化，比表面积明显降低，由于 SO42- 与 MOF-303 之间的结合能很强（-7.196 eV），因此在 20 % RH 条件下的吸水能力降至 0.2 g-g-1。通过一锅水热合成法成功地在 MOF 中加入了吸湿盐，MOF-303-LiOH、MOF-303-NaOH 和 MOF-303-Ca(OH)2 中盐的复合比分别为 0.1442、0.1732 和 0.1607 g-g-1。氯元素和钠元素的新化学状态表明，吸湿盐被 MOF 结构吸附/捕获。MOF-303-NaOH 在相对湿度为 30% 时的吸水能力稳定在 0.22 g-g-1，而在相对湿度为 95% 时的吸水能力则显著提高到 2.05 g-g-1。同时，CMOF 中盐类的比例可随分散剂的比例进行调整，循环吸附测试表明，AlFu-NaOH-2 可保持 1.62 g-g-1 的吸水能力，且无潮解现象。这项工作为合成具有优异水吸附性能的 CMOF 提供了一种新策略，有望促进 MOF 在 AWH 中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Real-scale demonstration of digital twins-based aeration control policy optimization in partial nitritation/Anammox process: Policy iterative dynamic programming approach 基于数字双胞胎的曝气控制策略优化在部分亚硝酸盐化/Anammox 过程中的实际规模演示：政策迭代动态编程方法

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118235

SungKu Heo , Taeseok Oh , TaeYong Woo , SangYoon Kim , Yunkyu Choi , Minseok Park , Jeonghoon Kim , ChangKyoo Yoo

Partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is a promising energy-efficient nitrogen removal method in wastewater sector. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven process operation techniques are widely researched. However, there is few research to demonstrate AI application into a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) due to operational complexity of WWTP. This study conducts a real-scale demonstration of digital twin-based aeration control policy (DT-O₂CTRL) to autonomously control the full-scale PN/A process under high nitrogen influent loads. For this, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₄-N in influent and reactors, were collected through the online sensors. Then, digital twin (DT) model of full-scale PN/A process was mathematically developed. Finally, policy iterative dynamic programming (PIDP), inspired from the reinforcement learning, was suggested as the core algorithm of AI-O₂CTRL to maintain a NO₂-N/NH₄-N ratio (NNR) which is a critical operation factor in PN/A process. The results showed that the DT model showed an accuracy of >95 %. Based on the DT model, the AI-O₂CTRL algorithm autonomously controls the NNR at the target value of 1.1 and reduces electricity consumption by 16.7 % when treating around 400 m³/d of enriching nitrogen loads. Finally, it can reduce the operational cost by 19,724.01$/year regardless of the influent load fluctuations.

部分亚硝酸盐化（PN）和厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺是污水处理领域一种前景广阔的节能脱氮方法。最近，人工智能（AI）驱动的工艺操作技术被广泛研究。然而，由于污水处理厂运行的复杂性，将人工智能应用于大规模污水处理厂（WWTP）的研究很少。本研究进行了基于数字孪生曝气控制策略（DT-O2CTRL）的实际规模演示，以在高氮进水负荷下自主控制全规模 PN/A 工艺。为此，通过在线传感器收集了进水和反应器中的化学需氧量（COD）和 NH4-N。然后，用数学方法建立了全规模 PN/A 工艺的数字孪生（DT）模型。最后，受强化学习的启发，提出了策略迭代动态编程（PIDP）作为 AI-O2CTRL 的核心算法，以维持 PN/A 过程中的关键运行因素--NO2-N/NH4-N 比值（NNR）。结果表明，DT 模型的准确率为 95%。基于 DT 模型，AI-O2CTRL 算法可将 NNR 自主控制在 1.1 的目标值，在处理约 400 立方米/天的富氮负荷时，可降低 16.7% 的电耗。最后，无论进水负荷如何波动，它都能将运行成本降低 19,724.01 美元/年。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated seasonal pumped hydro, cooling, and reverse osmosis: A solution to desert coastal regions 集成季节性抽水蓄能、冷却和反渗透技术：沙漠沿海地区的解决方案

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118242

Julian David Hunt , Malak Talal Al-Nory , Alexander H. Slocum , Yoshihide Wada

Matching the supply of renewable energies with electricity demand, providing cooling services and desalinated water are main challenges faced by desert regions. One solution for the increase in variable renewable sources in the grid is seawater-based pumped hydro storage (PHS) located near mountainous coastlines. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is limited due to the added costs associated with corrosion and safeguarding against seawater intrusion, which can outweigh the advantages of not using freshwater with a lower reservoir. Nevertheless, when contemplating seasonal storage, the use of seawater in PHS plants becomes substantially more compelling. This paper accordingly integrates seasonal pumped hydro storage, seasonal thermal energy storage, and reverse osmosis, so that the same pump and motor is used for storing energy and desalinating seawater. Results presented in this paper are based on the two proposed projects and show that the levelized cost of storage for the projects investigated is 23 and 45 USD/MWh, which is similar to the cost of solar power. In conclusion, integrated seasonal pumped hydro, cooling, and reverse osmosis could be a viable alternative to desert coastal regions.

使可再生能源供应与电力需求相匹配、提供冷却服务和淡化水是沙漠地区面临的主要挑战。电网中可变可再生能源增加的一个解决方案是位于山区海岸线附近的海水抽水蓄能（PHS）。然而，由于腐蚀和防止海水入侵带来的额外成本，这种技术的广泛采用受到了限制。尽管如此，在考虑季节性蓄水时，在 PHS 发电站中使用海水就变得更有吸引力了。因此，本文整合了季节性抽水蓄能、季节性热能储存和反渗透技术，从而使用相同的泵和电机来储存能量和淡化海水。本文基于两个拟议项目得出的结果表明，所调查项目的平准化储能成本分别为 23 美元/兆瓦时和 45 美元/兆瓦时，与太阳能发电成本相近。总之，集成季节性抽水蓄能、冷却和反渗透技术可以成为沙漠沿海地区的可行替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Aluminum-based solar seawater desalination interface evaporator processed by picosecond laser combined with fire treatment 用皮秒激光结合火处理技术处理铝基太阳能海水淡化界面蒸发器

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118239

Zhiliang Tang , Shuangshuang Hu , Dongkai Chu , Shuoshuo Qu , Yuying Yang , Peng Yao

Solar interfacial evaporator is one of the most attractive and continuous approaches to solve the global freshwater shortage issues, especially in terms of desalinating seawater and purifying industrial wastewater. Since the interfacial evaporator prepared by traditional methods is difficult to produce fresh water stably for a long time, it is difficult to be widely used. Here, we propose an aluminum (Al) -based solar interfacial evaporator prepared by picosecond laser ablation combined with fire treatment (LTF) method. The prepared surface exhibits superhydrophilicity and ultra-high light absorption rate (99 %). The average evaporation rate under one sun (1 KW·m⁻²) exposure can reach 3.5 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹, with the solar thermal conversion efficiency of 80.51 %. Moreover, during the 20-day successive desalination, the evaporation capability of the LTF processed Al (LTF-AL) surface remains stable. Even when the performance is reduced, the performance can be restored to its previous state with a simple fire treatment. Furthermore, the prepared surface can be used to purify contaminated water. After desalination, the ion concentration of seawater (Bohai Sea) is much lower than the ion concentration limit set by the WHO for drinkable water. The laser ablation combined with fire treatment provides a fast and simple method for high efficiency solar desalination in the real world.

太阳能界面蒸发器是解决全球淡水短缺问题，尤其是海水淡化和工业废水净化方面最具吸引力和持续性的方法之一。由于传统方法制备的界面蒸发器难以长期稳定地生产淡水，因此难以得到广泛应用。在此，我们提出了一种采用皮秒激光烧蚀结合火处理（LTF）方法制备的铝（Al）基太阳能界面蒸发器。制备的表面具有超亲水性和超高光吸收率（99%）。在一个太阳（1 KW-m-2）照射下的平均蒸发率可达 3.5 kg-m-2-h-1，太阳能热转换效率为 80.51 %。此外，在连续 20 天的海水淡化过程中，经过 LTF 处理的铝（LTF-AL）表面的蒸发能力保持稳定。即使性能下降，也可以通过简单的火处理恢复到以前的状态。此外，制备的表面还可用于净化受污染的水。海水（渤海）脱盐后的离子浓度远远低于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水离子浓度限值。激光烧蚀结合火处理为现实世界中的高效太阳能海水淡化提供了一种快速、简单的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Green self-templated synthesis of P-doped mesoporous carbon from dual sodium salts with improved average pore size for capacitive deionization 利用双钠盐绿色自模板合成掺杂 P 的介孔碳，改善电容式去离子的平均孔径

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118246

Hua Qiang, Mingxing Shi, Keren Lu, Fengyun Wang, Mingzhu Xia

Mesoporous carbon materials hold significant potential in capacitive deionization (CDI) technology owing to expansive accessible surface area, more adaptable pore structure, excellent conductivity properties and effective surface modification and functionalization. While templating is a common method for synthesizing mesoporous carbons, the commonly used hard and soft templating approaches among them suffer from the challenges of expensive precursors and templating agents, complex procedures, secondary contaminants and difficulties in template removal. In contrast, the self-templating method not only circumvents the traditional template removal or combustion steps but also eliminates the use of organic solvents and hazardous chemicals, thus minimizing environmental impact. In this paper, we have successfully synthesized phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon with a large average pore size (p_aver) using a green and convenient self-templating method employing dual sodium salts of sodium alginate (SA) and sodium phytate (SP). Compared to single SA (6.76 nm) or SP (3.74 nm) self-templated carbonization, the average pore size of carbon materials obtained from dual self-templated carbonization with a proportional mixture (12.97 nm) is significantly improved. The larger average pore size provides a greater surface area for electrode-electrolyte interactions, allowing for easier access and faster diffusion of ions into the pores, thereby enhancing the electrochemical and capacitive deionization properties of the material. The resulting material demonstrates promising electrochemical and desalination performance as evidenced by possessing a specific capacitance of 175.8 A/g and an adsorption capacity of 19.65 mg/g, underlining its potential for application in capacitive deionization utilizing mesoporous carbon materials with large average pore size.

介孔碳材料具有广阔的可触及表面积、适应性更强的孔隙结构、优异的导电性能以及有效的表面改性和功能化，因此在电容式去离子（CDI）技术中具有巨大潜力。虽然模板法是合成介孔碳的常用方法，但其中常用的硬模板法和软模板法存在前驱体和模板剂昂贵、程序复杂、二次污染和模板去除困难等问题。相比之下，自模板法不仅避免了传统的模板去除或燃烧步骤，而且无需使用有机溶剂和危险化学品，从而最大限度地减少了对环境的影响。本文采用海藻酸钠（SA）和植酸钠（SP）双钠盐的绿色、便捷的自模板法，成功合成了平均孔径（paver）较大的掺磷介孔碳。与单一海藻酸钠（6.76 nm）或植酸钠（3.74 nm）自引发碳化法相比，采用比例混合物的双自引发碳化法获得的碳材料的平均孔径（12.97 nm）显著提高。更大的平均孔径为电极-电解质相互作用提供了更大的表面积，使离子更容易进入孔隙并加快扩散速度，从而增强了材料的电化学和电容去离子特性。这种材料的比电容为 175.8 A/g，吸附容量为 19.65 mg/g，显示出良好的电化学和海水淡化性能，突出了它在利用平均孔径较大的介孔碳材料进行电容去离子方面的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of membrane surface and module damage on virus removal and integrity in RO membranes 膜表面和组件损坏对反渗透膜中病毒去除和完整性的影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118244

Dwani Venkataswamy Gowda , Ariane Berthet , Danny Harmsen , Arnout D'Haese , Emile R. Cornelissen

RO membrane modules are very effective in removing viruses and salts, but concerns remain regarding their long-term integrity in full-scale RO spiral wound systems. Membrane defects can arise from delamination, chlorine, or abrasive particle exposure, and module defects can arise from permeate tube, O-ring, and glue line damage. These issues compromise the membrane and module's performance, allowing viruses to pass that are not detected by conductivity monitoring. This paper assesses the impact of damage on virus removal using biological indicators (natural virus markers (NV)) and non-biological surrogates (salt, sulfate, rhodamine WT, pyranine). Three categories of module damage were studied and characterized using different autopsy techniques: membrane module component damage (permeate tube damage, O-ring damage, and membrane delamination), oxidative membrane damage (by hypochlorite exposure dose), and membrane surface damage (by abrasive particle exposure). Module component damage resulted in increased water permeability and decreased natural virus rejection. The conductivity remained similar to that of an intact module except in the case of permeate tube damage. Chlorine exposure (9000 ppm.h) didn't result in detectable NV markers in the permeate, indicating an intact support layer despite active layer damage. Abrasive particle exposure by suspended silicon carbide in the feed resulted in scratches, observed by SEM images, and a decline in the rejection of fluorescent marker, which indicates membrane surface damage. Results demonstrate that NV markers most consistently determine virus removal capacity in modules compromised by component damage. However, for assessing active layer damage, solutes like rhodamine-WT and pyranine prove more effective. This underscores the necessity of employing multiple indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of membrane integrity.

反渗透膜组件在去除病毒和盐分方面非常有效，但其在全规模反渗透螺旋缠绕系统中的长期完整性仍令人担忧。膜的缺陷可能来自分层、氯或研磨颗粒的暴露，而模块的缺陷可能来自渗透管、O 形环和胶线的损坏。这些问题会损害膜和组件的性能，使传导性监测无法检测到的病毒得以通过。本文使用生物指标（天然病毒标记（NV））和非生物替代物（盐、硫酸盐、罗丹明 WT、吡喃）评估了损坏对病毒清除的影响。使用不同的解剖技术对三类组件损坏进行了研究和定性：膜组件部件损坏（渗透管损坏、O 型环损坏和膜脱层）、膜氧化损坏（次氯酸盐暴露剂量）和膜表面损坏（磨粒暴露）。模块组件损坏导致透水性增加，自然病毒排斥率降低。除渗透管损坏外，电导率仍与完好的组件相似。氯暴露（9000 ppm.h）不会导致在渗透水中检测到 NV 标记，这表明尽管活性层受损，但支撑层完好无损。进料中悬浮碳化硅的磨粒暴露导致了划痕（通过扫描电子显微镜图像观察到）和荧光标记剔除率的下降，这表明膜表面受损。结果表明，在因组件损坏而受到损害的组件中，NV 标记能最一致地确定病毒去除能力。然而，在评估活性层损伤时，罗丹明-WT 和吡喃等溶质被证明更为有效。这强调了采用多种指标全面评估膜完整性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Floating photothermal fabric based on spike-like dendrite fiber for highly efficient solar-thermal clean water production 基于穗状树枝状纤维的浮动光热织物，用于高效太阳能-热能清洁水生产

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118220

Yujian Wu , Luxin Li , Wenxi Liao , Yanyan Huang , Tao Li , Muchun Guo , Huang Zhou , Yuxin Yang

Solar energy-driven interfacial water evaporation devices are expected to play a crucial role in obtaining fresh water from seawater. Using suitable micro-nano substrate materials can enhance the evaporation rate of flexible interfacial evaporators. However, current flexible micro-nano evaporator substrates are often made of porous gels, which are prone to undesirable heat loss during evaporation due to water filling the pores. In this study, we present a flexible photothermal fabric evaporator that integrates micro-nano structured nickel dendrite photothermal fibers as the photothermal layer with hydrophilic cotton wire serving as the water channel. These components are seamlessly combined through a traditional weaving process, creating an innovative design. The dendrite substrate is fabricated via an electrodeposition process, which can be tailored to produce an enhanced micro-nano surface. Following this, the dendrite is coated with a PANI photothermal conversion material using the electrophoresis method. The hydrophilic cotton wire effectively ensures a continuous water supply and efficiently channels water toward the dendrite's surface through a pronounced gradient capillary effect. As a result, the photothermal fabric achieves a remarkable surface temperature of 97.2 °C, an impressive evaporation rate of 2.13 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹, and a high evaporation efficiency of 85.6 % under illumination intensities of 1 kW·m⁻². Additionally, it demonstrates robust long-term stability, enduring at least 15 consecutive cycles without significant degradation. This efficient construction and utilization of the micro-nano interface, combined with a sustained and adequate water supply, highlight the potential of dendrite photothermal fabric for seawater desalination applications.

太阳能驱动的界面水蒸发装置有望在从海水中获取淡水方面发挥关键作用。使用合适的微纳基底材料可以提高柔性界面蒸发器的蒸发率。然而，目前的柔性微纳蒸发器基底通常由多孔凝胶制成，在蒸发过程中容易因水分填充孔隙而造成不良热损失。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种柔性光热织物蒸发器，它集成了微纳结构镍树枝状光热纤维作为光热层，亲水棉丝作为水通道。这些组件通过传统的编织工艺无缝结合，创造出一种创新设计。树枝状纤维的基底是通过电沉积工艺制成的，可以根据需要定制，以产生增强的微纳米表面。然后，利用电泳法在树枝状基底上涂覆 PANI 光热转换材料。亲水棉丝可有效确保持续供水，并通过明显的梯度毛细管效应将水有效导入树枝表面。因此，这种光热织物的表面温度高达 97.2 °C，蒸发率高达 2.13 kg-m-2-h-1，在 1 kW-m-2 的光照强度下，蒸发效率高达 85.6%。此外，它还表现出很强的长期稳定性，至少可连续使用 15 个周期而无明显退化。微纳米界面的高效构建和利用，加上持续充足的供水，凸显了树枝状光热织物在海水淡化应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A study on the coupling of Li+ and H3BO3 extraction and their mutual promotion mechanism 萃取 Li+ 和 H3BO3 的耦合及其相互促进机理研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118221

Ruzhen Zhao , Manxing Huo , Qifeng Wei , Xiulian Ren , Yongming Zhu

Efficient extraction of lithium and boron resources from salt-lakes is a prominent topic of research among scholars. In this study, a process route for the simultaneous extraction of lithium and boric acid was employed, followed by their separation through stepwise stripping. During the experiments, a coupling effect in the extraction of Li⁺ and H₃BO₃ was found, leading to an in-depth investigation of their mutual promotion mechanisms. Three significant patterns have been clearly verified through experiments, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations: First, the acidic extractant N221 can not only extract Li⁺, but also enhance the extraction of H₃BO₃; Second, mono-fatty alcohol R-OH as dilute can effectively extract H₃BO₃ while also promoting the extraction of Li⁺. Lastly, Li⁺ and H₃BO₃ can mutually promote each other's extraction. Using the Qinghai old brine, N221 system achieved a 99 % extraction efficiency for H₃BO₃, with an initial lithium extraction of 97 %, around 80 % in subsequent rounds. This paper proposes an effective method for the extraction of Li⁺ and boric acid, and thoroughly studied the mechanism of their mutual promotion of extraction. This research offers new insights into the comprehensive utilization of salt-lake resources.

从盐湖中高效提取锂和硼资源是学者们研究的一个重要课题。本研究采用了同时萃取锂和硼酸的工艺路线，然后通过分步汽提进行分离。在实验过程中，发现了 Li+ 和 H3BO3 在萃取过程中的耦合效应，从而对它们的相互促进机理进行了深入研究。通过实验、分子动力学模拟和量子化学计算，明确验证了三个重要规律：首先，酸性萃取剂 N221 不仅能萃取 Li+，还能促进 H3BO3 的萃取；其次，稀释的单脂肪醇 R-OH 在有效萃取 H3BO3 的同时，还能促进 Li+ 的萃取。最后，Li+ 和 H3BO3 可以相互促进萃取。利用青海老卤水，N221 系统对 H3BO3 的萃取效率达到 99%，初始锂萃取率为 97%，后续萃取率约为 80%。本文提出了一种有效的萃取 Li+ 和硼酸的方法，并深入研究了它们相互促进萃取的机理。该研究为盐湖资源的综合利用提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

A general modeling framework for FO spiral-wound membrane and its fouling impact on FO-RO desalination system FO 螺旋缠绕膜的一般建模框架及其对 FO-RO 海水淡化系统的污垢影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118236

Y.K. Goi, Y.Y. Liang

Modeling fouling in forward osmosis (FO) spiral-wound membrane (SWM) is challenging due to the time-dependent nature of fouling and the complex flow patterns induced by baffle. This necessitates the development of a general modeling framework for FO SWM module that prioritizes both accuracy and ease of implementation. This framework was validated against FO SWM experiment data from previous work, demonstrating a reasonable agreement with a maximum error of 13.1 % in FO permeate flux. This validated model was used to study the impact of fouling on feed recovery, a critical factor influencing specific energy consumption (SEC) in FO-RO desalination systems. While improved operating conditions and membrane parameters (A, S_s and C_f) initially lead to increased water flux, this effect was significantly counteracted by accelerated fouling. Consequently, performance improvements in terms of flux and SEC remained minimal (<1 %) under severe fouling conditions. The results show that for foulant cake with larger pore diameter (>10 nm), the contribution of hydraulic resistance is insignificant compared to osmotic resistance. However, the contribution of hydraulic resistance becomes important for foulant cakes with pore diameter smaller than 10 nm. This paper shows that modeling have evolved to a stage that they can be used to understand membrane fouling phenomena at the SWM module scale.

由于污垢的时间依赖性和挡板引起的复杂流动模式，对正渗透（FO）螺旋缠绕膜（SWM）中的污垢进行建模具有挑战性。因此，有必要为 FO SWM 模块开发一个通用建模框架，优先考虑准确性和易实施性。该框架与之前工作中的 FO SWM 实验数据进行了验证，结果表明两者之间存在合理的一致性，FO 渗透流量的最大误差为 13.1%。这个经过验证的模型被用来研究污垢对进料回收率的影响，进料回收率是影响 FO-RO 海水淡化系统特定能耗（SEC）的一个关键因素。虽然操作条件和膜参数（A、Ss 和 Cf）的改善最初会导致水通量的增加，但加速的污垢明显抵消了这一效果。因此，在严重污垢条件下，通量和 SEC 方面的性能改善仍然微乎其微（<1 %）。结果表明，对于孔径较大（10 nm）的污物滤饼，与渗透阻力相比，水力阻力的贡献微不足道。然而，对于孔径小于 10 nm 的污泥饼，水力阻力的贡献变得非常重要。本文表明，建模已发展到可用于了解污水处理模块规模的膜污垢现象的阶段。

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引用次数: 0

Photothermal composite polyamidoxime-graphene oxide/polyacrylamide hydrogel for efficient and selective uranium extraction from seawater 光热复合聚脒肟-氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶用于从海水中高效、选择性提取铀

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118238

Shuaiyu Zheng , Shuhui Li , Xinyu Luo , Jianwei Bai , Feixiang Gao , Huijun Yan , Maokui Li , Long Huo , Chunhong Zhang , Jun Wang

Uranium extraction from seawater is considered to be one of the seven separation technologies that will revolutionize the world. Although adsorbents containing amidoxime (AO) groups have shown promising results, their capacity and selectivity still pose challenges. In this study, polyamidoxime-graphene oxide/polyacrylamide (PAO-GO/PAM) photothermal composite hydrogels were prepared using an ultraviolet photoinitiation strategy. The three-dimensional (3D) hydrophilic network at the molecular level by radical polymerization of acrylamide retains a large amount of PAO, facilitating the easy migration of uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺) to the interior of the adsorbent to chelate with AO groups. In addition, GO was introduced to provide the hydrogel with excellent photothermal conversion ability, causing a rapid temperature increase upon exposure to simulated sunlight. Based on the heat-absorbing properties of UO₂²⁺ chelated with AO groups, the temperature increase of the hydrogel inevitably leads to a right-shift of the thermodynamic equilibrium, providing the prepared hydrogel with a high adsorption capacity under light conditions. Adsorption experiments showed that the PAO₅₀-GO_1.5/PAM hydrogel achieves a maximum adsorption capacity of 396.82 mg·g⁻¹ at pH = 6 with an improvement of 63.4 % in the K_U/K_V ratio. After five cycles, the elution rate remained at 87.1 %. These results demonstrate the promising applications of the adsorbent in large-scale uranium extraction from seawater.

从海水中提取铀被认为是将彻底改变世界的七大分离技术之一。尽管含有脒肟（AO）基团的吸附剂已显示出良好的效果，但其容量和选择性仍是一项挑战。本研究采用紫外线光引发策略制备了聚脒肟-氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯酰胺（PAO-GO/PAM）光热复合水凝胶。通过丙烯酰胺的自由基聚合在分子水平上形成的三维亲水网络保留了大量的 PAO，有利于铀酰离子（UO22+）迁移到吸附剂内部与 AO 基团螯合。此外，GO 的引入还为水凝胶提供了出色的光热转换能力，使其在暴露于模拟阳光下时温度迅速升高。根据与 AO 基团螯合的 UO22+ 的吸热特性，水凝胶的温度升高必然导致热力学平衡的右移，从而使制备的水凝胶在光照条件下具有较高的吸附能力。吸附实验表明，PAO50-GO1.5/PAM 水凝胶在 pH = 6 时的最大吸附容量为 396.82 mg-g-1，KU/KV 比值提高了 63.4%。经过五个循环后，洗脱率保持在 87.1%。这些结果表明，该吸附剂在大规模提取海水中的铀方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0