Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) as an emerging green desalination technology has been widely concerned in recent years. However, the interfacial salt fouling associated with evaporation has been limiting the development of this process. The effective separation of salt crystals from interface can avoid the salt fouling and realize resource recovery. Here, we developed a low-cost laser-printing evaporator and enabled salt crystals to drop from the interface autonomously by gravity. The water supply and evaporation capacity of evaporator would affect the location of the crystallization. Interestingly, we proposed a method to predict whether the salt crystals will drop from interface or not. To control the ratio of water supply to evaporation (Qs/Qe) is the critical factor to trigger the salt continuous drop process. This method is also applicable in highly concentrated salt solutions, mixed salt solutions, and salt solutions containing organic matters. This study provides new strategy for the design of salt crystallization recovery systems for solar interfacial evaporators.
{"title":"Key factor in continuous salt harvesting via solar interfacial evaporation: Water supply to evaporation ratio","authors":"Jiawei Ren , Tianyu Gu , Shicheng Ma , Xing Li , Zhiwei Zhou , Derek Hao , Kehua Fang , Shuangchao Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) as an emerging green desalination technology has been widely concerned in recent years. However, the interfacial salt fouling associated with evaporation has been limiting the development of this process. The effective separation of salt crystals from interface can avoid the salt fouling and realize resource recovery. Here, we developed a low-cost laser-printing evaporator and enabled salt crystals to drop from the interface autonomously by gravity. The water supply and evaporation capacity of evaporator would affect the location of the crystallization. Interestingly, we proposed a method to predict whether the salt crystals will drop from interface or not. To control the ratio of water supply to evaporation (Q<sub>s</sub>/Q<sub>e</sub>) is the critical factor to trigger the salt continuous drop process. This method is also applicable in highly concentrated salt solutions, mixed salt solutions, and salt solutions containing organic matters. This study provides new strategy for the design of salt crystallization recovery systems for solar interfacial evaporators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118800"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118798
Zhuoning Xu , Chunyu Ji , Ting Wang , Qian Ding , Yifeng Wang , Han Yang
Solar-driven photothermal water evaporation offers a promising alternative for fresh water production, necessitating efficient and sustainable photothermal materials. Spent coffee grounds, an abundant biowaste, are a potential biomass-based evaporation material for this application, though limited by relatively low evaporation efficiency and the need for additional materials. Here, we present a hydrothermal-treated spent coffee grounds (DA-CGs) that contains carbon dots with strong photothermal conversion abilities, serving as an efficient solar evaporation material. Additionally, this material can also reduce water evaporation enthalpy by promoting intermediate water formation, while their hierarchical structures enhance sunlight trapping and expands the liquid-vapor interface. These features collectively contribute to their high efficiency in solar-driven water evaporation. The DA-CGs evaporator demonstrated a high evaporation rate of 2.45 kg m−2 h−1 for pure water under 1 sun and an outdoor daily water yield of 7.14 kg m−2 when purifying seawater. These advantages highlight its potential for large-scale water purification and provide valuable insights into utilizing biowaste for efficient solar water evaporation.
{"title":"Architecting spent coffee grounds for highly efficient solar water evaporation","authors":"Zhuoning Xu , Chunyu Ji , Ting Wang , Qian Ding , Yifeng Wang , Han Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven photothermal water evaporation offers a promising alternative for fresh water production, necessitating efficient and sustainable photothermal materials. Spent coffee grounds, an abundant biowaste, are a potential biomass-based evaporation material for this application, though limited by relatively low evaporation efficiency and the need for additional materials. Here, we present a hydrothermal-treated spent coffee grounds (DA-CGs) that contains carbon dots with strong photothermal conversion abilities, serving as an efficient solar evaporation material. Additionally, this material can also reduce water evaporation enthalpy by promoting intermediate water formation, while their hierarchical structures enhance sunlight trapping and expands the liquid-vapor interface. These features collectively contribute to their high efficiency in solar-driven water evaporation. The DA-CGs evaporator demonstrated a high evaporation rate of 2.45 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> for pure water under 1 sun and an outdoor daily water yield of 7.14 kg m<sup>−2</sup> when purifying seawater. These advantages highlight its potential for large-scale water purification and provide valuable insights into utilizing biowaste for efficient solar water evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118798"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracting rubidium from brine is critical for addressing the rubidium supply challenge. Ion exchange is an effective method for rubidium recovery, but practically, it faces the challenge that the adsorbent powder is too fine for column operation. Herein, hydrogel beads (AWP@AlG&PVA) were innovatively synthesized through dual crosslinking between sodium alginate and CaCl₂, as well as polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid, incorporating ammonium phosphotungstate (AWP) as the active component, and were employed as adsorbents for rubidium extraction from high-salinity brine. The mercury intrusion pore measurement confirmed that the prepared AWP@AlG&PVA is a porous material, with the majority of pores being large pores. Through systematic adsorption experiments, over 90 % of rubidium was adsorbed from the simulated solution under optimal conditions. The coexisting K+ interfered with rubidium adsorption, while Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ had no apparent influence. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that Rb adsorption adhered to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms of AWP@AlG&PVA on Rb+ accord with the Freundlich model. XPS and SEM-EDS analyses indicated that the adsorption mechanism was ascribe to ion exchange between NH4+ and Rb+. Remarkably, the adsorbent exhibited excellent regeneration performance, retaining over 71.3 % of its adsorption ability after undergoing six sequential adsorption-desorption cycles in actual brine. This research suggested that the AWP@AlG&PVA beads address the challenges posed by fine powder and high solubility and are a feasible material for Rb adsorption from high-salinity brine.
{"title":"Efficient recovery of rubidium from high-salinity brine using dual crosslinked hydrogel beads encapsulating ammonium phosphotungstate","authors":"Hui Yang, Baozhong Ma, Shuyang Shi, Jiancheng Yu, Yubo Liu, Zhihe Cao, Chengyan Wang, Yongqiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracting rubidium from brine is critical for addressing the rubidium supply challenge. Ion exchange is an effective method for rubidium recovery, but practically, it faces the challenge that the adsorbent powder is too fine for column operation. Herein, hydrogel beads (AWP@AlG&PVA) were innovatively synthesized through dual crosslinking between sodium alginate and CaCl₂, as well as polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid, incorporating ammonium phosphotungstate (AWP) as the active component, and were employed as adsorbents for rubidium extraction from high-salinity brine. The mercury intrusion pore measurement confirmed that the prepared AWP@AlG&PVA is a porous material, with the majority of pores being large pores. Through systematic adsorption experiments, over 90 % of rubidium was adsorbed from the simulated solution under optimal conditions. The coexisting K<sup>+</sup> interfered with rubidium adsorption, while Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> had no apparent influence. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that Rb adsorption adhered to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms of AWP@AlG&PVA on Rb<sup>+</sup> accord with the Freundlich model. XPS and SEM-EDS analyses indicated that the adsorption mechanism was ascribe to ion exchange between NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Rb<sup>+</sup>. Remarkably, the adsorbent exhibited excellent regeneration performance, retaining over 71.3 % of its adsorption ability after undergoing six sequential adsorption-desorption cycles in actual brine. This research suggested that the AWP@AlG&PVA beads address the challenges posed by fine powder and high solubility and are a feasible material for Rb adsorption from high-salinity brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118794"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118793
Yu Jie Lim , Naeem Nadzri , Qiang Xue , Can Li , Rong Wang
Recent works on high-pressure reverse osmosis (HPRO, applied pressure ΔP ≥ 120 bar) seek to understand the impact of compaction on thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes. However, previous studies have primarily focused on commercial membranes to identify key traits for HPRO operation, leaving a gap in guidance on how to fabricate resilient TFC membranes, particularly in terms of the support and polyamide selective layers. In this work, we synthesized four types of TFC membranes with customized support and polyamide structures to determine the optimal composite design for HPRO operation. Our results indicate that a TFC membrane with a dense polyamide layer (featuring low protuberances and a high degree of crosslinking), synthesized atop a sponge-like support layer (17 wt% Polysulfone), exhibits greater resistance to compaction (denoted as TFC-17-Lprotub). In SWRO test (ΔP: 55 bar, 35 g/L NaCl feed), the TFC-17-Lprotub membrane demonstrated a water permeability of 0.80 Lm−2h−1bar−1 with 99.2 % salt rejection. This performance decreased to 0.39 Lm−2h−1bar−1 with 98.6 % salt rejection during the desalination of hypersaline brine via HPRO (ΔP: 150 bar, 70 g/L NaCl feed). Post-compaction analysis showed a compression of the support layer's surface, with a 28 % reduction in pore diameter and a 54 % decrease in cross-sectional thickness. In contrast, the polyamide surface morphology and cross-sectional height remained unchanged at approximately 190 nm. This study enhances the understanding of the compaction behavior of TFC membranes under high pressure and explores the potential benefits of incorporating an HPRO stage in the context of SWRO brine management.
{"title":"Investigating the impact of TFC membrane structure and compaction on performance in hypersaline brine desalination via high-pressure reverse osmosis","authors":"Yu Jie Lim , Naeem Nadzri , Qiang Xue , Can Li , Rong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent works on high-pressure reverse osmosis (HPRO, applied pressure ΔP ≥ 120 bar) seek to understand the impact of compaction on thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes. However, previous studies have primarily focused on commercial membranes to identify key traits for HPRO operation, leaving a gap in guidance on how to fabricate resilient TFC membranes, particularly in terms of the support and polyamide selective layers. In this work, we synthesized four types of TFC membranes with customized support and polyamide structures to determine the optimal composite design for HPRO operation. Our results indicate that a TFC membrane with a dense polyamide layer (featuring low protuberances and a high degree of crosslinking), synthesized atop a sponge-like support layer (17 wt% Polysulfone), exhibits greater resistance to compaction (denoted as TFC-17-L<sub>protub</sub>). In SWRO test (ΔP: 55 bar, 35 g/L NaCl feed), the TFC-17-L<sub>protub</sub> membrane demonstrated a water permeability of 0.80 Lm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>bar<sup>−1</sup> with 99.2 % salt rejection. This performance decreased to 0.39 Lm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>bar<sup>−1</sup> with 98.6 % salt rejection during the desalination of hypersaline brine via HPRO (ΔP: 150 bar, 70 g/L NaCl feed). Post-compaction analysis showed a compression of the support layer's surface, with a 28 % reduction in pore diameter and a 54 % decrease in cross-sectional thickness. In contrast, the polyamide surface morphology and cross-sectional height remained unchanged at approximately 190 nm. This study enhances the understanding of the compaction behavior of TFC membranes under high pressure and explores the potential benefits of incorporating an HPRO stage in the context of SWRO brine management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 118793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118792
Zhaojing Jing , Xinxia Tian , Huibin Geng , Yangyang Wei , Jian Wang , Haitao Wang , Na Chang , Zhaokui Li
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes have served as the gold standard technology in seawater desalination over the past half-century. Despite their widespread application, the intrinsic separation mechanisms within the selective layer remain inadequately understood, highlighting the need for a new insight research. This study investigated the incorporation of adamantane-1,3-diamine (Ad), a secondary monomer characterized by its three-dimensional cage-like structure, into the aqueous phase to enhance its integration into the polyamide network. This affected the stacking morphology and spacing of the benzene rings as well as the folding and compaction structures. The fractal dimension of fully aromatic polyamide (APA) aggregates remained at about 1.70, indicating that Ad incorporation did not change the aggregation morphology, thus maintaining the consistent water permeability of the SWRO membrane. However, the rigid Ad molecules with obstructive effects increased the shoulder-to-shoulder packing spacing d1 of benzene rings in the polyamide network at high Ad concentrations. This change altered the twisting of polyamide chains, reducing their folding and colloidal particle compaction, thereby regulating the salt retention performance. As the composition, morphology, and thickness of APA layer remained largely unchanged, the packing spacing d1 is likely a key factor influencing the salt rejection performance of SWRO membranes.
{"title":"Regulation of the polyamide network structure with adamantane-1,3-diamine to adjust the selectivity of SWRO membranes","authors":"Zhaojing Jing , Xinxia Tian , Huibin Geng , Yangyang Wei , Jian Wang , Haitao Wang , Na Chang , Zhaokui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes have served as the gold standard technology in seawater desalination over the past half-century. Despite their widespread application, the intrinsic separation mechanisms within the selective layer remain inadequately understood, highlighting the need for a new insight research. This study investigated the incorporation of adamantane-1,3-diamine (Ad), a secondary monomer characterized by its three-dimensional cage-like structure, into the aqueous phase to enhance its integration into the polyamide network. This affected the stacking morphology and spacing of the benzene rings as well as the folding and compaction structures. The fractal dimension of fully aromatic polyamide (APA) aggregates remained at about 1.70, indicating that Ad incorporation did not change the aggregation morphology, thus maintaining the consistent water permeability of the SWRO membrane. However, the rigid Ad molecules with obstructive effects increased the shoulder-to-shoulder packing spacing <em>d</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> of benzene rings in the polyamide network at high Ad concentrations. This change altered the twisting of polyamide chains, reducing their folding and colloidal particle compaction, thereby regulating the salt retention performance. As the composition, morphology, and thickness of APA layer remained largely unchanged, the packing spacing <em>d</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> is likely a key factor influencing the salt rejection performance of SWRO membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118792"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118766
Nour S. Abdelrahman , Seunghyun Hong , Daniel S. Choi , Hassan A. Arafat , Faisal AlMarzooqi
Recovery of lithium from different water resources like brine water and wastewater, as well as from other waste sources such as lithium-ion battery waste, has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainable lithium production. Herein, we designed nanocomposite-based adsorbents with a form of hydrogels containing sulfonated graphene oxides, Ti3C2Tx MXene, and alginate, aiming at lithium-selective adsorption and recovery. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) sulfonated graphene oxides in hydrogel adsorbent provide sulfonic acid groups allowing interfacial lithiation via ion exchange process. The co-existence of Ti3C2Tx MXene facilitates the surface coordination of lithium ions, thereby boosting the lithium-selective adsorptivity. The resulting nanocomposite-based hydrogels exhibit exceptional adsorptivity of 46 mg/g and lithium removal efficiency of more than 91.8 %. Moreover, lithium adsorption is found to be endothermic and can be well defined with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, indicating chemical adsorption and monolayer adsorption. These hydrogels maintain high adsorptivity even in salt mixtures and show stable regenerability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. As a practical framework of the hydrogel adsorbent for lithium recovery, incorporating ionic liquid in hydrogel adsorbents has achieved superior lithium selectivity, specifically 7.4 and 4.3 times higher against magnesium and sodium ions, respectively, compared to hydrogels without ionic liquid. 2D nanocomposite hydrogels as adsorbents, with advantages of their scalability and chemical tunability, may be a potential platform possibly for practical direct extraction of lithium from aqueous lithium resources, including brine and produced water.
{"title":"Interfacial adsorption and recovery of Lithium ions using sulfonated graphene oxide and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposite hydrogels","authors":"Nour S. Abdelrahman , Seunghyun Hong , Daniel S. Choi , Hassan A. Arafat , Faisal AlMarzooqi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovery of lithium from different water resources like brine water and wastewater, as well as from other waste sources such as lithium-ion battery waste, has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainable lithium production. Herein, we designed nanocomposite-based adsorbents with a form of hydrogels containing sulfonated graphene oxides, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene, and alginate, aiming at lithium-selective adsorption and recovery. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) sulfonated graphene oxides in hydrogel adsorbent provide sulfonic acid groups allowing interfacial lithiation <em>via</em> ion exchange process. The co-existence of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene facilitates the surface coordination of lithium ions, thereby boosting the lithium-selective adsorptivity. The resulting nanocomposite-based hydrogels exhibit exceptional adsorptivity of 46 mg/g and lithium removal efficiency of more than 91.8 %. Moreover, lithium adsorption is found to be endothermic and can be well defined with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, indicating chemical adsorption and monolayer adsorption. These hydrogels maintain high adsorptivity even in salt mixtures and show stable regenerability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. As a practical framework of the hydrogel adsorbent for lithium recovery, incorporating ionic liquid in hydrogel adsorbents has achieved superior lithium selectivity, specifically 7.4 and 4.3 times higher against magnesium and sodium ions, respectively, compared to hydrogels without ionic liquid. 2D nanocomposite hydrogels as adsorbents, with advantages of their scalability and chemical tunability, may be a potential platform possibly for practical direct extraction of lithium from aqueous lithium resources, including brine and produced water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118766"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118774
Liting Luo , Hao Li , Jiazheng Zhou , Wenjie Li , Abdul Haleem , Jianming Pan
Developing magnetic adsorbents with superior adsorption capability has always been a massive challenge. Herein, an in-situ growth strategy was implemented to build polydopamine-encapsulated lightweight hollow magnetic microspheres and used to achieve selective recovery of gold from e-waste. The fabricated magnetic-dielectric microspheres, including hollow magnetic polydopamine microspheres (HMPM) and hollow magnetic polydopamine microspheres modified by allyl thiourea (HMPM&A), exhibited excellent gold adsorption capacities of 1205 mg g−1 and 1766 mg g−1, respectively at 298 K. The adsorption capacity was amazingly upsurged up to 1850 mg g−1 and 2715 mg g−1 under ultraviolet light, respectively, which is relatively enhanced compared to other reported magnetic adsorbents. The XPS survey and DFT calculations confirmed that Au(III) ions adsorption principally attributed to electrostatic interaction of N sites under acidic mediums and chelating interaction between Au(III) and S,N chelating site of thiourea groups, followed by subsequent reduction of Au(III) into to Au(0) with thiourea and dopamine units. The developed magnetic adsorbent showed impressive chemical stability for Au(III) adsorption up to eight consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles without any noticeable change in adsorption performance. The recovery rate of HMPM&A for Au(III) ions from actual samples was better up to 86.7 %. This work will broaden the construction strategy of magnetic adsorbents and promote the application of magnetic materials as an efficient functional material.
{"title":"Unlocking efficient gold capture from electronic waste leachate with light weight hollow magnetic microspheres","authors":"Liting Luo , Hao Li , Jiazheng Zhou , Wenjie Li , Abdul Haleem , Jianming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing magnetic adsorbents with superior adsorption capability has always been a massive challenge. Herein, an in-situ growth strategy was implemented to build polydopamine-encapsulated lightweight hollow magnetic microspheres and used to achieve selective recovery of gold from e-waste. The fabricated magnetic-dielectric microspheres, including hollow magnetic polydopamine microspheres (HMPM) and hollow magnetic polydopamine microspheres modified by allyl thiourea (HMPM&A), exhibited excellent gold adsorption capacities of 1205 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 1766 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively at 298 K. The adsorption capacity was amazingly upsurged up to 1850 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 2715 mg g<sup>−1</sup> under ultraviolet light, respectively, which is relatively enhanced compared to other reported magnetic adsorbents. The XPS survey and DFT calculations confirmed that Au(III) ions adsorption principally attributed to electrostatic interaction of N sites under acidic mediums and chelating interaction between Au(III) and S,N chelating site of thiourea groups, followed by subsequent reduction of Au(III) into to Au(0) with thiourea and dopamine units. The developed magnetic adsorbent showed impressive chemical stability for Au(III) adsorption up to eight consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles without any noticeable change in adsorption performance. The recovery rate of HMPM&A for Au(III) ions from actual samples was better up to 86.7 %. This work will broaden the construction strategy of magnetic adsorbents and promote the application of magnetic materials as an efficient functional material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118774"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118791
Kang Yang, Wei-Bin Zhang, Juan Zhou, Huan Gou, Ashkar Batol, Fan Yang, Bi Chen, Xin-Yu Liu, Xue-Jing Ma
2D layered transition metal carbides (MXenes) have high hydrophilicity, high specific capacitance and excellent electronic conductivity, which have more potential for application in flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) than conventional carbonaceous electrode materials. However, the lamellar structure of MXenes is prone to stacking due to van der Waals forces between the layers, and it is also prone to oxidation, which affects its desalination capacity and service life. In this work, VN nanosheets with high electronic conductivity and specific capacity are assembled in the interlayer and surface of the Ti3C2 MXene. The VN nanosheets effectively alleviate the stacking of the Ti3C2 lamellar structure and reduce the oxidation of its surface. Meanwhile, the combination of highly conductive VN and Ti3C2 further accelerated the ion transfer rate, and the designed 2D-2D heterostructures had excellent desalination performance. The desalting capacity of the VN/Ti3C2 reached 1627.5 mg g−1 in 500 mg L−1 NaCl solution at an external voltage of 1.2 V.
{"title":"Construction of 2D-2D heterojunctions of VN nanosheets within Ti3C2 nanosheets for improved flow-electrode capacitive deionization performance","authors":"Kang Yang, Wei-Bin Zhang, Juan Zhou, Huan Gou, Ashkar Batol, Fan Yang, Bi Chen, Xin-Yu Liu, Xue-Jing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2D layered transition metal carbides (MXenes) have high hydrophilicity, high specific capacitance and excellent electronic conductivity, which have more potential for application in flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) than conventional carbonaceous electrode materials. However, the lamellar structure of MXenes is prone to stacking due to van der Waals forces between the layers, and it is also prone to oxidation, which affects its desalination capacity and service life. In this work, VN nanosheets with high electronic conductivity and specific capacity are assembled in the interlayer and surface of the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene. The VN nanosheets effectively alleviate the stacking of the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> lamellar structure and reduce the oxidation of its surface. Meanwhile, the combination of highly conductive VN and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> further accelerated the ion transfer rate, and the designed 2D-2D heterostructures had excellent desalination performance. The desalting capacity of the VN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> reached 1627.5 mg g<sup>−1</sup> in 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl solution at an external voltage of 1.2 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118791"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118785
Yiying Yue , Yun Bai , Di Wang , Wanli Cheng , Qinglin Wu , Guangping Han , Jianchun Jiang
Solar-driven desalination is a promising approach for alleviating water shortages. However, the low evaporation rate severely restricts the widespread application of solar evaporation materials. In this study, an MXene was developed as a cross-linker and photothermal material and then combined with BiOBr to create a photoinitiator and photocatalyst for synthesizing MXene-based aerogels. Owing to MXene contents influenced the pore size and light-absorption ability of aerogel, and further significantly impacted the water transmission and photothermal conversion properties of aerogel, the water evaporation rate could be elevated by regulating the content of MXene. The optimal aerogel exhibited excellent light-absorption capacity (~92 %), super-hydrophilicity (water contact angle reaching 0° in less than 1 s), low thermal conductivity (0.03212 W m−1 K−1), appropriate pore-size distribution (concentrated in the 9.6–30.8 μm range) and high toughness. Under 100 mW cm−2 irradiation, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of the optimal aerogel were 1.73 kg m−2 h−1 and 88.36 %, respectively. Furthermore, no significant salt accumulation was observed at the surface even after 10 h of cyclic evaporation. When seawater was contaminated with organic pollutant (e.g. rhodamine B (RhB)), the aerogel achieved photo-decolorization efficiency of 99.12 % and salt ions removal rate of 99.5 %. Therefore, the obtained aerogel with integrated high evaporation rates and photocatalytic characteristic meets the trend of “multi-function integration” and is expected to offer an effective solution for addressing the global water scarcity issue.
{"title":"Construction of a quadra-functional MXene-mediated photocatalytic solar-driven interfacial evaporation materials: The regulation strategy of MXene in enhancing seawater evaporation and degradation","authors":"Yiying Yue , Yun Bai , Di Wang , Wanli Cheng , Qinglin Wu , Guangping Han , Jianchun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven desalination is a promising approach for alleviating water shortages. However, the low evaporation rate severely restricts the widespread application of solar evaporation materials. In this study, an MXene was developed as a cross-linker and photothermal material and then combined with BiOBr to create a photoinitiator and photocatalyst for synthesizing MXene-based aerogels. Owing to MXene contents influenced the pore size and light-absorption ability of aerogel, and further significantly impacted the water transmission and photothermal conversion properties of aerogel, the water evaporation rate could be elevated by regulating the content of MXene. The optimal aerogel exhibited excellent light-absorption capacity (~92 %), super-hydrophilicity (water contact angle reaching 0° in less than 1 s), low thermal conductivity (0.03212 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), appropriate pore-size distribution (concentrated in the 9.6–30.8 μm range) and high toughness. Under 100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> irradiation, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of the optimal aerogel were 1.73 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and 88.36 %, respectively. Furthermore, no significant salt accumulation was observed at the surface even after 10 h of cyclic evaporation. When seawater was contaminated with organic pollutant (e.g. rhodamine B (RhB)), the aerogel achieved photo-decolorization efficiency of 99.12 % and salt ions removal rate of 99.5 %. Therefore, the obtained aerogel with integrated high evaporation rates and photocatalytic characteristic meets the trend of “multi-function integration” and is expected to offer an effective solution for addressing the global water scarcity issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118785"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118782
Mohammed Abujayyab , Shadi W. Hasan , Tarek Lemaoui , Inas M. AlNashef , Hassan A. Arafat , Fawzi Banat
This study investigates the potential of functionalized biosorbents for efficient lithium recovery from aqueous solution. Six biosorbents (keratin, calcium alginate, cellulose, chitosan, pectin, and date seeds) were functionalized with acetic, sulfuric, or phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid-functionalized keratin (keratin@PA) exhibited the highest lithium adsorption capacity. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, SEM-EDX, and BET analyses, confirmed successful functionalization and revealed structural modifications, enhanced thermal stability, and increased surface porosity. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with a maximum adsorption capacity of 189.8 mg/g at an initial lithium concentration of 100 mg/L. Advanced statistical physics modeling, particularly the monolayer model with one energy level (M1), provided insights into the adsorption mechanism, revealing that keratin@PA facilitates multi-molecular adsorption with lithium ions adopting non-parallel orientations. The increase in saturation adsorption capacity with temperature suggests an endothermic process and enhanced adsorption efficiency at elevated temperatures. Regeneration tests validated the reusability of keratin@PA, demonstrating high initial desorption efficiency and stable performance over multiple cycles. Keratin@PA also exhibited exceptional selectivity for Li-ions, demonstrated by high separation factors ranging from 11.3 to 22.0 relative to common competing ions (Mg, K, Na, Ca). This work presents keratin@PA as a potential biosorbent for sustainable lithium recovery applications.
{"title":"High-performance functionalized keratin for efficient lithium recovery: Experimental and statistical physics insights","authors":"Mohammed Abujayyab , Shadi W. Hasan , Tarek Lemaoui , Inas M. AlNashef , Hassan A. Arafat , Fawzi Banat","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of functionalized biosorbents for efficient lithium recovery from aqueous solution. Six biosorbents (keratin, calcium alginate, cellulose, chitosan, pectin, and date seeds) were functionalized with acetic, sulfuric, or phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid-functionalized keratin (keratin@PA) exhibited the highest lithium adsorption capacity. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, SEM-EDX, and BET analyses, confirmed successful functionalization and revealed structural modifications, enhanced thermal stability, and increased surface porosity. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with a maximum adsorption capacity of 189.8 mg/g at an initial lithium concentration of 100 mg/L. Advanced statistical physics modeling, particularly the monolayer model with one energy level (M1), provided insights into the adsorption mechanism, revealing that keratin@PA facilitates multi-molecular adsorption with lithium ions adopting non-parallel orientations. The increase in saturation adsorption capacity with temperature suggests an endothermic process and enhanced adsorption efficiency at elevated temperatures. Regeneration tests validated the reusability of keratin@PA, demonstrating high initial desorption efficiency and stable performance over multiple cycles. Keratin@PA also exhibited exceptional selectivity for Li-ions, demonstrated by high separation factors ranging from 11.3 to 22.0 relative to common competing ions (Mg, K, Na, Ca). This work presents keratin@PA as a potential biosorbent for sustainable lithium recovery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 118782"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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