Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119884
Di Wang, Shengqiang Shen, Bonian Pan, Yali Guo
In the horizontal tube falling film evaporation process, cross-flow steam induces changes in the thickness of the external liquid film and deflection of the liquid column; these two changes consequently affect heat transfer. This study establishes a three-dimensional external falling film two-phase model that accounts for heat transfer. The deflection of the liquid column between tubes under lateral steam influence was discussed, and the effects of different cross-flow steam velocities, along with different spray densities and spray temperatures under the same cross-flow steam velocity, on liquid film thickness were analyzed. The results show that: (1) Three types of liquid column offset characteristics occur between the tubes. (2) Under different cross-flow steam velocities, the variation amplitude of the liquid film on the windward side increases with the increase of steam velocity. (3) Under the same cross-flow steam velocity, the variation amplitude on the windward side decreases with the increase of spray density. (4) Under the same cross-flow steam velocity, the variation amplitude on the windward side increases with the increase of spray fluid temperature.
{"title":"Numerical study on liquid column deflection and liquid film thickness characteristics of falling film on horizontal tubes under cross-flow steam","authors":"Di Wang, Shengqiang Shen, Bonian Pan, Yali Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the horizontal tube falling film evaporation process, cross-flow steam induces changes in the thickness of the external liquid film and deflection of the liquid column; these two changes consequently affect heat transfer. This study establishes a three-dimensional external falling film two-phase model that accounts for heat transfer. The deflection of the liquid column between tubes under lateral steam influence was discussed, and the effects of different cross-flow steam velocities, along with different spray densities and spray temperatures under the same cross-flow steam velocity, on liquid film thickness were analyzed. The results show that: (1) Three types of liquid column offset characteristics occur between the tubes. (2) Under different cross-flow steam velocities, the variation amplitude of the liquid film on the windward side increases with the increase of steam velocity. (3) Under the same cross-flow steam velocity, the variation amplitude on the windward side decreases with the increase of spray density. (4) Under the same cross-flow steam velocity, the variation amplitude on the windward side increases with the increase of spray fluid temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119884"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119882
Liang Zhang , Chuhuan Guo , Minhui Liang , Yi Fang , Yujing Bian , Man Xi , Jichun You , Fenggang Bian
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation requires membrane-based evaporators to meet three fundamental demands: high evaporation efficiency, robust salt resistance, and stable self-floating under dynamic conditions. Conventional designs only optimize individual structural features (e.g., Janus wettability, aligned channels) and thus fail to achieve all three performances simultaneously. To address this critical gap, we developed a self-floating Janus evaporator (named SMEUVs) based on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with uniform vertically penetrative non-tortuous channels (~4.58 μm thick, 100 μm hydraulic diameter). The innovation lies in the synergistic integration of three structural features rather than discrete assembly: (1) Asymmetric wettability (superhydrophobic carbon black (CB) layer/hydrophilic PLLA layer) enables efficient light absorption (avoids full wetting-induced heat loss) and continuous water pumping; (2) Ultrathin non-tortuous vertical channels significantly shorten the transport paths for water and vapor, while promoting rapid salt ion reflux to the bulk seawater; (3) The ultrathin profile minimizes the membrane-water air gap, ensuring tight interfacial attachment and resistance to vortex/wave disturbance. As a result, the optimal specimen (SMEUVs coated with carbon black) exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.41 kg·m−2·h−1 with energy efficiency over 92% under 1-sun irradiation for 1 h, along with remarkable long-term stability by maintaining continuous operation for over 200 h even in a 25 wt% NaCl solution and, most notably, sustaining stable evaporation performance in fluctuating water. Our results are significant for the design, fabrication and application of solar-driven interfacial evaporation system.
{"title":"Janus evaporators with ultrathin and non-tortuous channels: High efficiency, long-term and stable-floating solar desalination","authors":"Liang Zhang , Chuhuan Guo , Minhui Liang , Yi Fang , Yujing Bian , Man Xi , Jichun You , Fenggang Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation requires membrane-based evaporators to meet three fundamental demands: high evaporation efficiency, robust salt resistance, and stable self-floating under dynamic conditions. Conventional designs only optimize individual structural features (e.g., Janus wettability, aligned channels) and thus fail to achieve all three performances simultaneously. To address this critical gap, we developed a self-floating Janus evaporator (named SMEUVs) based on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with uniform vertically penetrative non-tortuous channels (~4.58 μm thick, 100 μm hydraulic diameter). The innovation lies in the synergistic integration of three structural features rather than discrete assembly: (1) Asymmetric wettability (superhydrophobic carbon black (CB) layer/hydrophilic PLLA layer) enables efficient light absorption (avoids full wetting-induced heat loss) and continuous water pumping; (2) Ultrathin non-tortuous vertical channels significantly shorten the transport paths for water and vapor, while promoting rapid salt ion reflux to the bulk seawater; (3) The ultrathin profile minimizes the membrane-water air gap, ensuring tight interfacial attachment and resistance to vortex/wave disturbance. As a result, the optimal specimen (SMEUVs coated with carbon black) exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.41 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> with energy efficiency over 92% under 1-sun irradiation for 1 h, along with remarkable long-term stability by maintaining continuous operation for over 200 h even in a 25 wt% NaCl solution and, most notably, sustaining stable evaporation performance in fluctuating water. Our results are significant for the design, fabrication and application of solar-driven interfacial evaporation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119882"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119881
Lian Zuo , Zhenghe Wang , Tongzhou Xu , Xiaotian Xue , Xuecheng Dong , Jianqiao Zhao , Meng She , Pengfei Jia , Weipeng Wang , Zhengjun Zhang
A synergistic agarose/diatomite/carbon-nanotube (ADC) material-device design enables interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) to overcome inherent limitations of low solar flux and severe salt accumulation. While ISSG constitutes an excellent approach towards decentralized desalination, its implementation faces practical challenges due to inherent flux limits and severe salt accumulation under high salinity. In this work, we report a synergistically designed solar evaporation system that integrates a multifunctional agarose/diatomite/carbon-nanotube (ADC) hydrogel evaporator with a Fresnel lens concentrator. The ADC hydrogel, featuring an interconnected micro–nano porous network, accelerates water transport and increases the fraction of intermediate water, thereby reducing the evaporation enthalpy to 1884 J·g−1. It can achieve evaporation rates up to 8.7 kg m−2 h−1 when highly concentrated radiation with 10 kW m−2 is received, far outperforming the one-sun limitation. Importantly, it utilizes the temperature distribution field induced by focused illumination, which enables the continuous entrainment of salt ions from hot central region to its peripheral region by means of Marangoni convection during long-term feeding, hence maintaining its durability until operated stably even with a solution of 20 wt% brine. This manuscript details a material–device co-design paradigm which breaks the solar flux bottleneck and surmounts the problem of salt scaling, providing a platform for realizing efficient solar-driven water purification in practice.
一种协同的琼脂糖/硅藻土/碳纳米管（ADC）材料-器件设计使界面太阳能蒸汽产生（ISSG）能够克服低太阳通量和严重盐积累的固有限制。虽然ISSG是分散脱盐的一种极好方法，但由于固有的通量限制和高盐度下严重的盐积累，其实施面临实际挑战。在这项工作中，我们报告了一个协同设计的太阳能蒸发系统，该系统集成了多功能琼脂糖/硅藻土/碳纳米管（ADC）水凝胶蒸发器和菲涅耳透镜聚光器。ADC水凝胶具有相互连接的微纳多孔网络，加速了水的输送，增加了中间水的比例，从而将蒸发焓降低到1884 J·g−1。当接收到10 kW m−2的高浓度辐射时，它的蒸发速率可达8.7 kg m−2 h−1，远远超过了一个太阳的限制。重要的是，它利用聚焦照明引起的温度分布场，在长期进料过程中，通过马兰戈尼对流，使盐离子从热中心区域连续夹带到外围区域，从而保持其耐久性，直到在20%的盐水溶液中稳定运行。本文详细介绍了一种材料-装置协同设计范式，突破了太阳通量瓶颈，克服了盐结垢问题，为在实践中实现高效的太阳能水净化提供了平台。
{"title":"Synergistic material-device design for high-flux and salt-resistant solar desalination","authors":"Lian Zuo , Zhenghe Wang , Tongzhou Xu , Xiaotian Xue , Xuecheng Dong , Jianqiao Zhao , Meng She , Pengfei Jia , Weipeng Wang , Zhengjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A synergistic agarose/diatomite/carbon-nanotube (ADC) material-device design enables interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) to overcome inherent limitations of low solar flux and severe salt accumulation. While ISSG constitutes an excellent approach towards decentralized desalination, its implementation faces practical challenges due to inherent flux limits and severe salt accumulation under high salinity. In this work, we report a synergistically designed solar evaporation system that integrates a multifunctional agarose/diatomite/carbon-nanotube (ADC) hydrogel evaporator with a Fresnel lens concentrator. The ADC hydrogel, featuring an interconnected micro–nano porous network, accelerates water transport and increases the fraction of intermediate water, thereby reducing the evaporation enthalpy to 1884 J·g<sup>−1</sup>. It can achieve evaporation rates up to 8.7 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> when highly concentrated radiation with 10 kW m<sup>−2</sup> is received, far outperforming the one-sun limitation. Importantly, it utilizes the temperature distribution field induced by focused illumination, which enables the continuous entrainment of salt ions from hot central region to its peripheral region by means of Marangoni convection during long-term feeding, hence maintaining its durability until operated stably even with a solution of 20 wt% brine. This manuscript details a material–device co-design paradigm which breaks the solar flux bottleneck and surmounts the problem of salt scaling, providing a platform for realizing efficient solar-driven water purification in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119881"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119880
Zhengxiu Wei , Ling Feng , Hanwen Huang , Binghui Tian , Pengyu Liu , Yongzhi Chi , Min Yang
Because of the similar valence and hydration radii of Cl− and low F−, fluoride removal from water using electrodialysis (ED), particularly under the coexistence of high Cl− and low F− concentrations, has been a big challenge. This study proposed the development of a selective ion-selective resin-filled electrodialysis (ISRF-ED) system combining selective adsorption resins and electrodialysis to target the separation of F− from Cl− in brackish water. A relatively high F− selective macroporous resin (HP3500) exhibiting an adsorption efficiency of 99.62% for F− was first acquired based on screening experiments, which was then mixed with a macroporous strong acid resin (D001) in a volume ratio of 1 to 1 to create the filling material for the ISRF-ED system. The system performance was evaluated under varying current densities, flow rates, and salinity gradients. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that current density was the dominant factor influencing selective F− removal. Under the optimized condition (current density 2.33 × 104 mA·m−2, flow rate 200 mL·min−1), the ISRF-ED system achieved an F−/Cl− selectivity coefficient of −0.94, indicating its high F− removal selectivity. This study provides a novel approach to the selective removal of F− from brackish water (high Cl−, low F−), contributing to the advancement of safe and efficient drinking water treatment technologies.
{"title":"Enhanced separation of fluoride from chloride via construction ion-selective resin-filled electrodialysis","authors":"Zhengxiu Wei , Ling Feng , Hanwen Huang , Binghui Tian , Pengyu Liu , Yongzhi Chi , Min Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of the similar valence and hydration radii of Cl<sup>−</sup> and low F<sup>−</sup>, fluoride removal from water using electrodialysis (ED), particularly under the coexistence of high Cl<sup>−</sup> and low F<sup>−</sup> concentrations, has been a big challenge. This study proposed the development of a selective ion-selective resin-filled electrodialysis (ISRF-ED) system combining selective adsorption resins and electrodialysis to target the separation of F<sup>−</sup> from Cl<sup>−</sup> in brackish water. A relatively high F<sup>−</sup> selective macroporous resin (HP3500) exhibiting an adsorption efficiency of 99.62% for F<sup>−</sup> was first acquired based on screening experiments, which was then mixed with a macroporous strong acid resin (D001) in a volume ratio of 1 to 1 to create the filling material for the ISRF-ED system. The system performance was evaluated under varying current densities, flow rates, and salinity gradients. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that current density was the dominant factor influencing selective F<sup>−</sup> removal. Under the optimized condition (current density 2.33 × 10<sup>4</sup> mA·m<sup>−2</sup>, flow rate 200 mL·min<sup>−1</sup>), the ISRF-ED system achieved an F<sup>−</sup>/Cl<sup>−</sup> selectivity coefficient of −0.94, indicating its high F<sup>−</sup> removal selectivity. This study provides a novel approach to the selective removal of F<sup>−</sup> from brackish water (high Cl<sup>−</sup>, low F<sup>−</sup>), contributing to the advancement of safe and efficient drinking water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119880"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119879
Shengyu Wu , Wenle Xing , Kunyue Luo , Yong Long , Jiao Yi , Xinnian Wang , Wangwang Tang
Lead ions (Pb2+) in water pose significant threats to human health and ecological safety. However, diverse metal ions may coexist, and the highly efficient and selective removal of Pb2+ from water is a great challenge. This study innovatively proposed an asymmetric electrochemical separation technique with redox-active mesoporous carbon hollow sphere@covalent organic framework (MCHS@COF) composite as the cathode to selectively remove Pb2+ from complex water matrix. Specifically, COFs featuring a conjugated aromatic framework and bearing abundant nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms were grown in-situ hydrothermally on the MCHS. This configuration allowed rapid ion transport kinetics, inhibited COF aggregation, exposed abundant active sites for Pb2+ capture, and enhanced electrode conductivity and stability through the synergistic effects of electrostatic interaction and coordination interaction. Results revealed that, after 120-min treatment at 1.2 V, hybridization of MCHS and COF in an appropriate ratio (e.g., MCHS@COF-1) achieved a high Pb2+ removal efficiency of 96%, a remarkable Pb2+/Na+ selectivity of 8.7 and a low effluent Pb2+ concentration of 0.4 mg L−1 when treating a mixed solution of 10 mg L−1 Pb2+ and 100 mg L−1 Na+. Furthermore, it demonstrated exceptional electrode regeneration and cycling stability, and exhibited a high Pb2+ removal selectivity versus other common metal ions (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, etc.). Experimental investigation and theoretical calculation revealed the mechanism and provided a fundamental understanding of the preferential capture and selectivity of the developed electrode for Pb2+. This study boosts the technological advancement in the field of selective removal of heavy metals from multicomponent wastewater.
{"title":"Electrochemically highly selective removal of lead ions from multicomponent water via synergy from covalent organic framework and hollow mesoporous carbon sphere","authors":"Shengyu Wu , Wenle Xing , Kunyue Luo , Yong Long , Jiao Yi , Xinnian Wang , Wangwang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead ions (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in water pose significant threats to human health and ecological safety. However, diverse metal ions may coexist, and the highly efficient and selective removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> from water is a great challenge. This study innovatively proposed an asymmetric electrochemical separation technique with redox-active mesoporous carbon hollow sphere@covalent organic framework (MCHS@COF) composite as the cathode to selectively remove Pb<sup>2+</sup> from complex water matrix. Specifically, COFs featuring a conjugated aromatic framework and bearing abundant nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms were grown in-situ hydrothermally on the MCHS. This configuration allowed rapid ion transport kinetics, inhibited COF aggregation, exposed abundant active sites for Pb<sup>2+</sup> capture, and enhanced electrode conductivity and stability through the synergistic effects of electrostatic interaction and coordination interaction. Results revealed that, after 120-min treatment at 1.2 V, hybridization of MCHS and COF in an appropriate ratio (e.g., MCHS@COF-1) achieved a high Pb<sup>2+</sup> removal efficiency of 96%, a remarkable Pb<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> selectivity of 8.7 and a low effluent Pb<sup>2+</sup> concentration of 0.4 mg L<sup>−1</sup> when treating a mixed solution of 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Pb<sup>2+</sup> and 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Na<sup>+</sup>. Furthermore, it demonstrated exceptional electrode regeneration and cycling stability, and exhibited a high Pb<sup>2+</sup> removal selectivity versus other common metal ions (K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, etc.). Experimental investigation and theoretical calculation revealed the mechanism and provided a fundamental understanding of the preferential capture and selectivity of the developed electrode for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. This study boosts the technological advancement in the field of selective removal of heavy metals from multicomponent wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119879"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119872
Fanghui Pan , Chenfei Yao , Tong Wu , Boshuang Zhang , Junsheng Wu , Jie Ma , Jianyun Liu
The development of high-performance electrodes is crucial for advancing capacitive deionization (CDI), a promising technology for energy-efficient water desalination. Among them, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with an open framework and high theoretical capacity have shown significant potential as Faradaic electrodes. However, their practical application is limited by poor electron transport and particle aggregation. Herein, we developed an in-situ co-precipitation strategy under acid regulation, where the controlled acidic environment modulates metal ion release and suppresses rapid crystallization, enabling the uniform deposition of small-sized Ni/Co-PBA nanoparticles onto a conductive hollow carbon tube (HCT) support, derived from the Co/Ni salt-melamine co-pyrolysis. The resulting Ni/Co-PBA/HCT composite exhibits significantly enhanced electron transfer kinetics and increased electroactive sites, achieving a high specific capacitance of 344.68 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. When employed as a CDI electrode, it delivers a superior salt adsorption capacity of 73.48 mg g−1 and a remarkable desalination rate of 3.67 mg g−1 min−1 in 1000 mg L−1 NaCl solution at 1.2 V. This study demonstrates the crucial role of transition metal selection in PBA-based electrodes and provides new insights into the rational design of dual-metal materials for efficient water desalination.
电容去离子（CDI）是一种很有前途的高效能海水淡化技术，高性能电极的开发对于推进电容去离子技术的发展至关重要。其中，结构开放、理论容量高的普鲁士蓝类似物（Prussian blue analoggues, PBAs）作为法拉第电极具有很大的潜力。然而，它们的实际应用受到电子传递和粒子聚集性差的限制。在此，我们开发了一种在酸调节下的原位共沉淀策略，其中受控的酸性环境调节金属离子的释放并抑制快速结晶，从而使小尺寸的Ni/Co- pba纳米颗粒均匀沉积在导电中空碳管（HCT）载体上，这是由Co/Ni盐-三聚氰胺共热解得到的。得到的Ni/Co-PBA/HCT复合材料表现出显著增强的电子传递动力学和增加的电活性位点，在1 a g−1时达到344.68 F g−1的高比电容。当用作CDI电极时，它在1.2 V的1000 mg L−1 NaCl溶液中具有73.48 mg g−1的优异盐吸附容量和3.67 mg g−1 min−1的显着脱盐率。该研究证明了过渡金属选择在pba基电极中的关键作用，并为合理设计双金属材料以实现高效海水淡化提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Ni,Co-PBA enveloped hollow carbon tube for high performance capacitive deionization","authors":"Fanghui Pan , Chenfei Yao , Tong Wu , Boshuang Zhang , Junsheng Wu , Jie Ma , Jianyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance electrodes is crucial for advancing capacitive deionization (CDI), a promising technology for energy-efficient water desalination. Among them, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with an open framework and high theoretical capacity have shown significant potential as Faradaic electrodes. However, their practical application is limited by poor electron transport and particle aggregation. Herein, we developed an in-situ co-precipitation strategy under acid regulation, where the controlled acidic environment modulates metal ion release and suppresses rapid crystallization, enabling the uniform deposition of small-sized Ni/Co-PBA nanoparticles onto a conductive hollow carbon tube (HCT) support, derived from the Co/Ni salt-melamine co-pyrolysis. The resulting Ni/Co-PBA/HCT composite exhibits significantly enhanced electron transfer kinetics and increased electroactive sites, achieving a high specific capacitance of 344.68 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. When employed as a CDI electrode, it delivers a superior salt adsorption capacity of 73.48 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and a remarkable desalination rate of 3.67 mg g<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> in 1000 mg L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl solution at 1.2 V. This study demonstrates the crucial role of transition metal selection in PBA-based electrodes and provides new insights into the rational design of dual-metal materials for efficient water desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119872"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119802
Tao Hai , Rishabh Chaturvedi , Hamad Almujibah , Riyam K. Marjan , T. Van Thuong , N. Soliman , W. El-Shafai , H. Fouad
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Integrating geothermal energy and desalination unit into a poly-generation configuration: Comprehensive study and optimization” [Desalination Volume 586, 1 October 2024, 117873]","authors":"Tao Hai , Rishabh Chaturvedi , Hamad Almujibah , Riyam K. Marjan , T. Van Thuong , N. Soliman , W. El-Shafai , H. Fouad","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"623 ","pages":"Article 119802"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119857
Xuexi Zhang , Xinliang Zhang , Qing Ma , Ying Zhu , Zhihong Dong , Xueting Zhao , Jiefeng Pan
Based on the steady growth of lithium in the new energy, the selective separation of monovalent and multivalent cations from seawater or salt-lake brine is of great significance for lithium resource recovery and has become a research hotspot in the field of membrane separation. Herein, we propose a novel electrodeposition-assisted surface covalent anchoring (ESCA) strategy to rapidly construct a surface-charged selective layer on chloromethylated sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU-Cl) base membrane, enabling the fabrication of high-performance monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (MSCEMs). The key aspects of the ESCA strategy are as follows: (i) utilizing the pre-reserved active reaction sites (chloromethyl groups) on the surface of the base membrane to enable covalently chemical coupling, thereby stabilizing the structure of the selective layer; and (ii) manipulating the electrodeposition process to optimize the surface charge density and promote ion selectivity. The resultant membranes form an interface-enhanced polyethyleneimine (PEI) functional layer by reacting with the chloromethyl groups, constructing a densely-skinned Donnan exclusion layer. Further, the surface charge properties of the membrane can be controlled by regulating its degree of quaternization for promoting the selective Li+/Mg2+ separation. The prepared membranes have high permselectivity of 11.13 for Li+/Mg2+ and excellent Li+ ion flux of 1.5176 mol·m−2·h−1. This work demonstrates a facile and viable methodology for the fabrication of MSCEMs, facilitating the selective and efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation.
{"title":"Electrodeposition-assisted covalent anchoring of PEI for fabricating monovalent-selective cation exchange membranes towards efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation","authors":"Xuexi Zhang , Xinliang Zhang , Qing Ma , Ying Zhu , Zhihong Dong , Xueting Zhao , Jiefeng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the steady growth of lithium in the new energy, the selective separation of monovalent and multivalent cations from seawater or salt-lake brine is of great significance for lithium resource recovery and has become a research hotspot in the field of membrane separation. Herein, we propose a novel electrodeposition-assisted surface covalent anchoring (ESCA) strategy to rapidly construct a surface-charged selective layer on chloromethylated sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU-Cl) base membrane, enabling the fabrication of high-performance monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (MSCEMs). The key aspects of the ESCA strategy are as follows: (i) utilizing the pre-reserved active reaction sites (chloromethyl groups) on the surface of the base membrane to enable covalently chemical coupling, thereby stabilizing the structure of the selective layer; and (ii) manipulating the electrodeposition process to optimize the surface charge density and promote ion selectivity. The resultant membranes form an interface-enhanced polyethyleneimine (PEI) functional layer by reacting with the chloromethyl groups, constructing a densely-skinned Donnan exclusion layer. Further, the surface charge properties of the membrane can be controlled by regulating its degree of quaternization for promoting the selective Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> separation. The prepared membranes have high permselectivity of 11.13 for Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> and excellent Li<sup>+</sup> ion flux of 1.5176 mol·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>. This work demonstrates a facile and viable methodology for the fabrication of MSCEMs, facilitating the selective and efficient Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119857"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119878
Ruduan Yuan , Jiacheng Wang , Yuting He , Yang Geng , Jinshuai Wang , Meng Xia , Kaixin Wang , Jiaxin Luo , Zhaoyu Chen , Qinglin Zhang , Jingxuan Lin , Yuxi Yang , Juanxiu Xiao , Yujie Zheng , Chin Foo Goh , Meng Li
Freshwater scarcity and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel–driven desalination have driven the need for low-energy, sustainable seawater treatment technologies. Both inverted solar evaporation (ISE) and capacitive deionization (CDI) technologies show promising application prospects in seawater desalination. However, the inherent limitations restrict freshwater production. Herein, we present a multistage high-flux photothermal-electric coupled desalinator (HPED) integrating ISE and CDI, enabling simultaneous high water-production and high-efficiency desalination. The synergistic effect of thermal and electric fields mitigates the limitations of both technologies. Specifically, the introduction of the electric field reduces the evaporation enthalpy of seawater in the ISE and inhibits the generation of salt crystals, while the thermal field accelerates the ion transport and improves the desalination rate. As a result, the five-stage HPED achieves a distillation yield of 3.25 kg m−2 h−1 (distilled water yield: 15.24 kg m−2 day−1) and a high desalination capacity of 2.05 g m-2 (capacitive deionized water yield: 78.65 kg m−2 day−1) under one sun illumination (1000 W m−2). Therefore, the proposed HPED system efficiently produces fresh water for domestic use and irrigation, providing a sustainable approach to simultaneously addressing the interconnected challenges of energy security, water security and food production.
淡水短缺和化石燃料驱动的海水淡化对环境的影响促使人们需要低能耗、可持续的海水处理技术。倒转太阳蒸发（ISE）技术和电容去离子（CDI）技术在海水淡化中都有很好的应用前景。然而，固有的限制限制了淡水的生产。在此，我们提出了一种集成ISE和CDI的多级高通量光热电耦合脱盐器（HPED），可以同时实现高产水量和高效脱盐。热和电场的协同效应减轻了这两种技术的局限性。具体而言，电场的引入降低了ISE中海水的蒸发焓，抑制了盐晶体的生成，而热场则加速了离子的输运，提高了脱盐速率。因此，在一次太阳光照（1000 W m−2）下，五阶段HPED的蒸馏水产率为3.25 kg m−2 h−1（蒸馏水产率：15.24 kg m−2 day−1），脱盐能力为2.05 g m−2（电容去离子水产率：78.65 kg m−2 day−1）。因此，拟议的HPED系统有效地为家庭用水和灌溉生产淡水，为同时解决能源安全、水安全和粮食生产等相互关联的挑战提供了一种可持续的方法。
{"title":"Synergistic high-flux desalination via multistage photothermal-electric coupling","authors":"Ruduan Yuan , Jiacheng Wang , Yuting He , Yang Geng , Jinshuai Wang , Meng Xia , Kaixin Wang , Jiaxin Luo , Zhaoyu Chen , Qinglin Zhang , Jingxuan Lin , Yuxi Yang , Juanxiu Xiao , Yujie Zheng , Chin Foo Goh , Meng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater scarcity and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel–driven desalination have driven the need for low-energy, sustainable seawater treatment technologies. Both inverted solar evaporation (ISE) and capacitive deionization (CDI) technologies show promising application prospects in seawater desalination. However, the inherent limitations restrict freshwater production. Herein, we present a multistage high-flux photothermal-electric coupled desalinator (HPED) integrating ISE and CDI, enabling simultaneous high water-production and high-efficiency desalination. The synergistic effect of thermal and electric fields mitigates the limitations of both technologies. Specifically, the introduction of the electric field reduces the evaporation enthalpy of seawater in the ISE and inhibits the generation of salt crystals, while the thermal field accelerates the ion transport and improves the desalination rate. As a result, the five-stage HPED achieves a distillation yield of 3.25 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> (distilled water yield: 15.24 kg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) and a high desalination capacity of 2.05 g m-2 (capacitive deionized water yield: 78.65 kg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) under one sun illumination (1000 W m<sup>−2</sup>). Therefore, the proposed HPED system efficiently produces fresh water for domestic use and irrigation, providing a sustainable approach to simultaneously addressing the interconnected challenges of energy security, water security and food production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119878"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2026.119876
Yu-ting Liu , Zi-yue Tang , Zi-ao Zong , Wan-zhen Wang , Xiao-yin Zhang , Xin-ping Song , Xiang-min Meng , Rijia Lin , Jingwei Hou
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have emerged as promising porous materials for membrane fabrication. In this study, HOF-GS-10, synthesized from the dual ligands 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (providing sulfonic acid groups, SO3H) and guanidine hydrochloride (providing guanidinium cations, C(NH2)), was selected as a nanofiller to prepare high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The HOF-GS-10 nanoparticles were uniformly incorporated into the polyamide (PA) active separation layer on a polysulfone (PSF) substrate via interfacial polymerization. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the ultrathin PA layer, the porous structure of HOF-GS-10, and the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid groups, the resulting TFN membrane exhibited an average water permeability of 74.6 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1, which is 260% of that the pristine thin-film composite (TFC) membrane that of the pristine thin-film composite (TFC) membrane, while maintaining a high NaCl rejection rate of 99.3%. Moreover, the HOF-modified TFN membrane demonstrated high desalination performance using natural seawater, achieving an average water permeability of 16.7 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1. In addition, the membrane showed excellent antifouling performance against 500 ppm humic acid (HA), with a water flux recovery rate of 95.2%, and exhibited stable operation over 48 h. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the incorporation of hydrophilic HOF-GS-10 into the PA layer enhances water permeability by increasing the number of hydrogen-bonding sites available for water transport. This study not only proposes a novel strategy for developing high-performance RO membranes but also opens a new avenue for the application of HOF nanomaterials in advanced water treatment applications.
{"title":"Thin film nanocomposite membrane incorporated with sulfonic acid-based HOFs for efficient reverse osmosis desalination","authors":"Yu-ting Liu , Zi-yue Tang , Zi-ao Zong , Wan-zhen Wang , Xiao-yin Zhang , Xin-ping Song , Xiang-min Meng , Rijia Lin , Jingwei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have emerged as promising porous materials for membrane fabrication. In this study, HOF-GS-10, synthesized from the dual ligands 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (providing sulfonic acid groups, <img>SO<sub>3</sub>H) and guanidine hydrochloride (providing guanidinium cations, <img>C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math></span>), was selected as a nanofiller to prepare high-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The HOF-GS-10 nanoparticles were uniformly incorporated into the polyamide (PA) active separation layer on a polysulfone (PSF) substrate via interfacial polymerization. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the ultrathin PA layer, the porous structure of HOF-GS-10, and the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid groups, the resulting TFN membrane exhibited an average water permeability of 74.6 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·MPa<sup>−1</sup>, which is 260% of that the pristine thin-film composite (TFC) membrane that of the pristine thin-film composite (TFC) membrane, while maintaining a high NaCl rejection rate of 99.3%. Moreover, the HOF-modified TFN membrane demonstrated high desalination performance using natural seawater, achieving an average water permeability of 16.7 L·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>·MPa<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the membrane showed excellent antifouling performance against 500 ppm humic acid (HA), with a water flux recovery rate of 95.2%, and exhibited stable operation over 48 h. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the incorporation of hydrophilic HOF-GS-10 into the PA layer enhances water permeability by increasing the number of hydrogen-bonding sites available for water transport. This study not only proposes a novel strategy for developing high-performance RO membranes but also opens a new avenue for the application of HOF nanomaterials in advanced water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119876"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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