Desalination最新文献_第3页

Highly efficient and robust oxygen vacancy-rich molybdenum trioxide aerogel evaporator for Photothermal conversion and clean water generation 高效坚固的富氧空位三氧化钼气凝胶蒸发器，用于光热转换和清洁水发电

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118281

Peng Xiang , Congming Tang , Kai Ma , Xinli Li

Interfacial evaporation of seawater and other wastewater is used to produce clean water by the infinite solar energy which attracts an intense interest and displays a great prospect. An efficient and robust photothermal evaporator is a key to solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Herein, the oxygen vacancy-rich MoO₃ aerogel evaporator is designed to purify seawater and wastewater. Hydrogen etching is used to construct oxygen vacancies of MoO₃, which regulate its optical and thermophysical properties. MoO₃* possesses stronger broadband absorption and lower reflectance than MoO₃ across the wavelength ranges of 200 nm–2500 nm, which insures more energy input. Besides, band gap energy of MoO₃* decreases from 2.90 eV of MoO₃ to 1.92 eV, which is more beneficial for the visible light absorption and its degradation of organic pollutant. As a result, the MoO₃*-based evaporator displays a higher evaporation rate of 1.78 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ as well as 92.6 % of efficiency for pure water at 1 sun illumination, in contrast to the MoO₃-based evaporator with an evaporation rate of 1.04 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and 60.0 % efficiency, suggesting that oxygen vacancies induced by hydrogen etching improve photothermal conversion efficiency. In practical application, the MoO₃*-based evaporator also displays an excellent purification performance for seawater, heavy metal wastewater and tetracycline wastewater, in which the evaporation rates are close to pure water, and the quality of the purified water is better than drinking water specified by WHO standard. In addition, the defected MoO₃*-based aerogel evaporator not only possesses an excellent thermal management, but also offers an excellent salt self-cleaning ability. This work convincingly demonstrates that the “defect chemistry” is perfect for constructing the defected MoO₃* aerogel evaporator for sustainable production of clean water from seawater, heavy metal wastewater and tetracycline wastewater by means of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation.

利用无限的太阳能对海水和其他废水进行界面蒸发来生产清洁水，这引起了人们的浓厚兴趣，并展现出巨大的前景。高效、坚固的光热蒸发器是太阳能驱动界面蒸发的关键。在此，我们设计了富含氧空位的 MoO3 气凝胶蒸发器来净化海水和废水。利用氢蚀刻技术在 MoO3 中构建氧空位，从而调节其光学和热物理性质。在 200 nm-2500 nm 波长范围内，MoO3* 比 MoO3 具有更强的宽带吸收能力和更低的反射率，从而保证了更多的能量输入。此外，MoO3* 的带隙能从 MoO3 的 2.90 eV 下降到 1.92 eV，这更有利于可见光的吸收和有机污染物的降解。因此，与蒸发率为 1.04 kg m-2 h-1 和效率为 60.0 % 的基于 MoO3* 的蒸发器相比，基于 MoO3* 的蒸发器在 1 太阳光照射下的纯水蒸发率更高，达到 1.78 kg m-2 h-1 和 92.6 % 的效率，这表明氢蚀刻诱导的氧空位提高了光热转换效率。在实际应用中，基于 MoO3* 的蒸发器对海水、重金属废水和四环素废水也表现出优异的净化性能，蒸发率接近纯水，净化后的水质优于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水标准。此外，基于缺损 MoO3* 的气凝胶蒸发器不仅具有出色的热管理性能，还具有出色的盐自清洁能力。这项工作令人信服地证明，"缺陷化学 "非常适合构建缺陷 MoO3* 气凝胶蒸发器，通过太阳能驱动的界面蒸发从海水、重金属废水和四环素废水中持续生产清洁水。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesizing high performance robust PSf loose nanofiltration membranes through nanobubble-assisted pore-forming 通过纳米气泡辅助孔隙形成技术合成高性能坚固的 PSf 松散纳滤膜

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118274

Zongrui Song , Yujie Wu , Junjie Lv , Yanhong Ji , Mohammad Younas , Benqiao He

Loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes have extensive applications in precision separation processes, however, synthesizing highly permselective LNF membranes is still a considerable obstacle. Nanobubble-assisted pore-forming method was adapted to prepare a highly perm-selective LNF membrane for the first time in this work, using polysulfone (PSf) as the membrane-forming material, azodicarbonamide (AC) as the reactive pore-forming agents, and NaOH solution as the coagulation and immersion baths. By leveraging nano-bubbles produced through the reaction between AC and NaOH without adding other pore-forming agents, the membrane-forming process of PSf was regulated. It was found that the PSf LNF membranes prepared in NaOH-solution coagulation and immersion baths exhibited significantly enhanced permeation performance without compromising the rejection. These results suggested that the coagulation and immersion post-treatment processes under NaOH solution had a great effect upon the structure and the property of the membranes. The LNF membrane prepared from 20 wt% PSf casting solution with 8 wt% AC achieved a permeation flux of 188.7 L m⁻² h⁻¹, and a Congo red (CR, Mw =696 Da) rejection of over 99 %, while a rejection of NaCl below 7 %, showing a good separation for the CR/NaCl mixed solution. Additionally, the membrane exhibited favorable mechanical properties, with a tensile strength as high as 6.5 MPa and a fracture elongation reaching as much as 32.3 %. This work provided a novel approach for producing high-performance LNF membranes in treating dye wastewater.

松散纳滤膜（LNF）在精密分离过程中有着广泛的应用，然而，合成高周波选择性的LNF膜仍然是一个相当大的障碍。本研究以聚砜（PSf）为成膜材料，偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）为活性成孔剂，NaOH溶液为凝固和浸泡液，首次将纳米气泡辅助成孔法应用于制备高过滤膜。在不添加其他成孔剂的情况下，利用 AC 与 NaOH 反应产生的纳米气泡调节 PSf 的成膜过程。研究发现，在 NaOH 溶液凝固浴和浸泡浴中制备的 PSf LNF 膜的渗透性能显著提高，而排斥性能却没有受到影响。这些结果表明，NaOH 溶液下的凝固和浸泡后处理过程对膜的结构和性能有很大影响。由 20 wt% PSf 铸造溶液和 8 wt% AC 制备的 LNF 膜的渗透通量达到了 188.7 L m-2 h-1，刚果红（CR，Mw =696 Da）的抑制率超过 99%，而 NaCl 的抑制率低于 7%，表明 CR/NaCl 混合溶液的分离效果良好。此外，膜还具有良好的机械性能，抗拉强度高达 6.5 兆帕，断裂伸长率高达 32.3%。这项工作为生产处理染料废水的高性能 LNF 膜提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

High performance composite hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane fabricated via the synergistic effect of co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization and macrocyclic polyamine incorporation 通过共溶剂辅助界面聚合和加入大环多胺的协同效应制造高性能复合中空纤维纳滤膜

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118275

Enlin Wang, Qiang Dong, Shaoxiao Liu, Wenze Wu, Baowei Su

The necessity for high-performance thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes for drinking water and wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly apparent in the face of the global water crisis. In this work, co-solvent (acetone) assisted interfacial polymerization (CAIP) and incorporating macrocyclic polyamine (Cyclen) as an aqueous co-monomer were employed to fabricate hollow fiber (HF) NF membrane and to enhance the permeability and the selectivity, respectively, thereby overcoming the inherent trade-off effect. The effects of Cyclen and acetone on the separation performance were comprehensively investigated, and the interfacial polymerization conditions were optimized. The optimal HF NF membrane exhibits a 68.6 % increment in water permeance relative to the baseline membrane while without sacrificing the Na₂SO₄ rejection which is as high as 99.2 %. In particular, it exhibits a superior high pure water permeability of 222.5 L m⁻² h⁻¹ MPa⁻¹, ranking among the highest observed for HF NF membranes in the existing literature. Moreover, it exhibits excellent acid resistance as well as fouling resistance. This research paves a novel approach for developing high-performance HF NF membranes for water and wastewater treatment.

面对全球水危机，将高性能薄膜复合（TFC）纳滤（NF）膜用于饮用水和废水处理的必要性日益明显。本研究采用共溶剂（丙酮）辅助界面聚合（CAIP）技术，并加入大环多胺（Cyclen）作为水性共聚单体，制备了中空纤维（HF）纳滤膜，并分别提高了渗透性和选择性，从而克服了固有的权衡效应。全面研究了环烯和丙酮对分离性能的影响，并优化了界面聚合条件。与基线膜相比，最佳 HF NF 膜的透水率提高了 68.6%，同时不影响高达 99.2% 的 Na2SO4 阻隔率。特别是，它的纯水渗透率高达 222.5 L m-2 h-1 MPa-1，是现有文献中观察到的 HF NF 膜中最高的。此外，它还表现出优异的耐酸性和抗结垢性。这项研究为开发用于水和废水处理的高性能高频无负压膜铺平了一条新路。

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引用次数: 0

Boosted performance of thin-film nanocomposite membranes based on phytic acid functionalized Zr-MOF for nanofiltration 基于植酸功能化 Zr-MOF 的薄膜纳米复合膜在纳滤中的性能提升

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118278

Yizhuo Li , Xiao Zhu , Baixue Liu, Yatao Zhang, Junyong Zhu

Endowed with designable pore structure and intrinsically interconnected channels, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer immense potential as functional nanofillers to boost the performance of nanocomposite membranes. However, achieving optimal pore size matching between MOFs and the polymer matrix while maintaining robust interfacial affinity remains a significant challenge in fabricating high-performance nanocomposite membranes. Herein, natural organic polyphosphate phytic acid was utilized to functionalize PCN-224 to narrow its pore size and enhance the polymer affinity. Thin-film nanocomposites containing mPCN-224 were afterward synthesized on the polysulfone support through a combined approach of anodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and vacuum filtration-assisted interfacial polymerization (VF-IP). The incorporation of mPCN-224 nanoparticles not only enhanced the hydrophilicity and electronegativity of the polyamide film but also led to a substantial reduction in film thickness. This is likely attributed to lessened piperazine supply at the interface, related to its limited diffusion at the presence of negatively charged mPCN-224. The additional nanochannels provided by mPCN-224, coupled with the loose PA layer, resulted in a substantial 56.3 % increase in the water permeance of the TFN-mPCN-224 membrane, reaching 20.0 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹. Additionally, the post-synthesis modification with phytic acid led to an improved Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻ selectivity coefficient of 44, substantially higher than that of the TFN-PCN-224 membrane. This improvement was primarily attributed to the narrowed pore size of mPCN-224 and the enhanced surface electronegativity. This study introduces a pathway for developing high-performance TFN membranes based on post-synthetic modification of MOF nanofillers with phytic acid molecules.

金属有机框架（MOFs）具有可设计的孔隙结构和内在互连通道，作为功能性纳米填料在提高纳米复合膜性能方面具有巨大潜力。然而，在制造高性能纳米复合膜的过程中，如何实现 MOFs 与聚合物基质之间的最佳孔径匹配，同时保持稳定的界面亲和力，仍然是一项重大挑战。在此，我们利用天然有机聚磷酸盐植酸对 PCN-224 进行功能化，以缩小其孔径并增强聚合物亲和力。随后，通过阳极电泳沉积（EPD）和真空过滤辅助界面聚合（VF-IP）相结合的方法，在聚砜载体上合成了含有 mPCN-224 的薄膜纳米复合材料。mPCN-224 纳米粒子的加入不仅增强了聚酰胺薄膜的亲水性和电负性，还大大降低了薄膜厚度。这可能是由于哌嗪在带负电荷的 mPCN-224 存在时扩散受限，从而减少了界面处的哌嗪供应量。mPCN-224 提供的额外纳米通道加上松散的 PA 层，使 TFN-mPCN-224 膜的透水性大幅提高了 56.3%，达到 20.0 L m-2 h-1 bar-1。此外，用植酸进行合成后改性后，Cl-/SO42- 选择性系数提高到 44，大大高于 TFN-PCN-224 膜。这一改进主要归功于 mPCN-224 的孔径变窄和表面电负性增强。本研究介绍了一种基于植酸分子对 MOF 纳米填料进行后合成修饰的高性能 TFN 膜的开发途径。

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引用次数: 0

Fast thermo-osmotic flow through covalent organic framework multilayers for desalination 用于海水淡化的共价有机框架多层膜的快速热渗流

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118276

Xin Zhang , Yong Pan , Mingjie Wei

Thermo-osmosis, a liquid flow driven by temperature difference (∆T) in a solid-liquid interface, is promising to utilize low-grade heat energies for water desalination. However, the water flux of thermo-osmosis is hard to be enhanced. Herein, the potential of COF multilayers for thermo-osmotic desalination is investigated via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. To this end, TpMA multilayers with fine water stability and sub-nanometer pores are selected. The TpMA multilayers show excellent water flux and nearly 100 % NaCl rejections. By the analysis of interfacial and interior resistances, it is extrapolated that the TpMA nanosheet with a thickness of 200 nm has a water flux of 3096 L/(m²·h) at the ∆T of 60 K. By the molecular-level analysis, it is revealed that the coexistence of single-file and two-chains of water structure in the flow direction brings in high thermo-osmotic flows. The high NaCl rejection is due to the strong sieving effect of pores on the hydration of Cl⁻. Finally, the thermo-osmosis is compared with reverse osmosis. Based on the resistance analysis, it is found that the ∆T of 60 K is equivalent to the ∆P of 180 bar at most to reach the same water flux. These findings will inspire researchers with an alternative technology for high-efficiency desalination using low-grade heat energies.

热渗透是一种由固液界面温差（ΔT）驱动的液体流动，有望利用低品位热能进行海水淡化。然而，热渗透的水流量很难提高。在此，我们通过非平衡分子动力学（NEMD）模拟研究了 COF 多层膜在热渗透脱盐方面的潜力。为此，我们选择了具有良好水稳定性和亚纳米孔隙的 TpMA 多层膜。TpMA 多层膜显示出优异的水通量和近乎 100% 的 NaCl 排斥能力。通过对界面电阻和内部电阻的分析，可以推断出厚度为 200 nm 的 TpMA 纳米片在 60 K 的 ∆T 下具有 3096 L/(m2-h) 的水通量。对 NaCl 的高排斥是由于孔隙对 Cl- 的水化具有很强的筛分作用。最后，将热渗透与反渗透进行了比较。根据阻力分析发现，要达到相同的水流量，60 K 的 ∆T 最多相当于 180 bar 的 ∆P。这些发现将为研究人员提供一种利用低品位热能进行高效海水淡化的替代技术。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of simultaneous removal of salt and dye by utilizing capacitive deionization and UV-electro oxidation hybrid process in saline wastewater treatment 评估在含盐废水处理中利用电容去离子和紫外-电氧化混合工艺同时去除盐和染料的效果

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118254

Amirhossein Karimirahnama, Mehrdad Mozaffarian, Bahram Dabir, Nima Esmaeilian Amrabadi

In this research, the goal was simultaneous elimination of salt (NaCl) and dye (C·I Acid Orange 7 or AO7) through integration of capacitive deionization (CDI) technique with UV-based electrochemical advanced oxidation process (UV-EAOP). To optimize salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of MnO₂ electrode, Taguchi's experimental design methodology was employed to fine-tune synthesis parameters, including bath temperature, current density, and precursor concentrations. BiOCl was synthesized and implemented as an anode to bolster AOP's effectiveness. Several experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of applying the combined AOP and CDI. The findings revealed that parameter optimization improved SAC, and the application of UV irradiation decreased electrode's SAC. Furthermore, it was observed that AO7 could enhance SAC while lowering salt adsorption rate (SAR). More importantly, the combined application of CDI and AOP resulted in superior pollutant removal efficiency and improved SAC, despite reduced SAR. Finally, color was entirely eliminated after 90 min, and the generated species were recognized by GC–MS. Additionally, a possible pathway for AO7 degradation was suggested based on the generated species.

本研究的目标是通过将电容去离子（CDI）技术与基于紫外线的电化学高级氧化工艺（UV-EAOP）相结合，同时消除盐（NaCl）和染料（C-I 酸性橙 7 或 AO7）。为了优化 MnO2 电极的盐吸附容量（SAC），采用了田口试验设计方法来微调合成参数，包括浴槽温度、电流密度和前驱体浓度。合成了 BiOCl 并将其用作阳极，以提高 AOP 的有效性。为了分析 AOP 和 CDI 组合应用的效果，进行了多次实验。实验结果表明，参数优化改善了 SAC，而紫外线照射则降低了电极的 SAC。此外，还观察到 AO7 可以提高 SAC，同时降低盐吸附率（SAR）。更重要的是，CDI 和 AOP 的联合应用提高了污染物去除效率，改善了 SAC，同时降低了 SAR。最后，色素在 90 分钟后被完全消除，生成的物种可通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）识别。此外，根据生成的物种，还提出了 AO7 降解的可能途径。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing nanofiltration performance with tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol interlayers for improved water permeability and selective solute rejection 利用单宁酸和聚乙烯醇夹层提高纳滤性能，改善透水性和选择性溶质截留性

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118277

Chaowen Liang , Qingwan Wang , Zhengwei Pan , Sanchuan Yu , Doufeng Wu , Congjie Gao

Global water shortages have significantly intensified the demand for efficient and sustainable water purification technologies. Nanofiltration (NF) plays a crucial role in desalination, providing distinct advantages by removing a variety of pollutants including heavy metals and organic compounds, all while consuming minimal energy. Traditional NF membranes often struggle to balance high rejection with satisfactory permeability. This study advances NF technology by utilizing polysulfone as a durable substrate and introducing tannic acid (TA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interlayer to enhance structural robustness and functional capabilities of membranes. Through streamlined one-step coating followed by precise interfacial polymerization, this approach optimizes monomer piperazine storage and dispersion on substrate, effectively controlling its diffusion rate, resulting in a thinner polyamide (PA) layer. These strategic enhancements not only lead to a significant increase in permeability to 216.3 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·MPa⁻¹ and an impressive rejection for Na₂SO₄ of 99.04 % but also ensure enhanced long-term operational stability. The innovative TA-PVA interlayer sets new benchmarks for high-performance NF membranes by combining environmental friendliness with cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for large-scale industrial applications. This unique composition promotes sustainability and economic efficiency in water treatment technologies, and underscoring the vast potential for expanding the production and application of advanced NF systems.

全球水资源短缺大大加剧了对高效和可持续水净化技术的需求。纳滤（NF）在海水淡化中发挥着至关重要的作用，它能去除包括重金属和有机化合物在内的各种污染物，同时能耗极低，优势明显。传统的纳滤膜往往难以在高排斥率和令人满意的渗透性之间取得平衡。本研究利用聚砜作为耐久基材，并引入单宁酸（TA）-聚乙烯醇（PVA）中间膜来增强膜的结构坚固性和功能性，从而推动了无负压技术的发展。这种方法通过简化的一步涂布和精确的界面聚合，优化了单体哌嗪在基底上的储存和分散，有效控制了其扩散速度，从而使聚酰胺（PA）层更薄。这些战略性的改进不仅使渗透率显著提高到 216.3 L-m-2-h-1-MPa-1，对 Na2SO4 的阻隔率高达 99.04%，还确保了更高的长期运行稳定性。创新的 TA-PVA 中间膜为高性能无负压膜树立了新的标杆，将环境友好性与成本效益相结合，是大规模工业应用的理想选择。这种独特的成分促进了水处理技术的可持续性和经济效益，并凸显了扩大先进无负压系统的生产和应用的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and evaluation of the recovery process of saturated reverse osmosis membranes by chemical oxidation 利用化学氧化法对饱和反渗透膜的回收过程进行表征和评估

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118273

A. Beratto-Ramos , K. Jaramillo , P. Zapata , J. Romero , J. Martínez , M.F. Meléndrez , F. Saravia , H. Horn , R. Borquez , L. Pino-Soto

The increasing adoption of membrane technologies in desalination has led to a substantial accumulation of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes. Disposal becomes necessary when the saturation of the polyamide active layer reduces the membrane permeate fluxes to a level where recovery through chemical washing is not feasible. Membrane recycling techniques via chemical modification can offer an alternative to provide membranes with a second use and prolong the material's lifespan. The present work evaluates the oxidation process of saturated reverse osmosis membranes used in brackish water treatment. The concentration and the exposure time of the oxidizing agent were analyzed and assessed through filtration tests in a stirred cell. Membranes underwent chemical, topological and operational analyses for characterization. The results indicate a consistent increase in water permeability ranging from 151 % to 1342 % with higher exposition to the oxidizing agent. In the case of the membrane with the highest exposure (3.0 % NaOCl for 180 min), a permeability of 31.4 ± 5.3 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and a NaCl rejection of 15.1 ± 0.2 % were achieved. Surface characterization tests revealed partial degradation of the polyamide layer, showcasing separation properties similar to commercial nanofiltration membranes. The resulting membranes were tested for application in groundwater and greywater treatment. This research demonstrates the feasibility of modulating the degree of oxidation based on the desired application for the recycled membranes.

海水淡化越来越多地采用膜技术，导致大量报废反渗透膜的积累。当聚酰胺活性层的饱和使膜渗透通量降低到无法通过化学清洗回收的程度时，就有必要进行处理。通过化学改性的膜回收技术可为膜的二次利用和延长材料的使用寿命提供替代方案。本研究评估了用于苦咸水处理的饱和反渗透膜的氧化过程。通过在搅拌池中进行过滤试验，对氧化剂的浓度和暴露时间进行了分析和评估。对膜进行了化学、拓扑和操作分析，以确定其特征。结果表明，随着在氧化剂中暴露时间的增加，透水性也在持续增加，从 151 % 到 1342 % 不等。在暴露量最高的膜（3.0 % NaOCl，180 分钟）中，渗透率达到 31.4 ± 5.3 L m-2 h-1 bar-1，NaCl 排斥率为 15.1 ± 0.2 %。表面表征测试显示聚酰胺层部分降解，显示出与商用纳滤膜类似的分离特性。测试结果表明，这种膜可用于地下水和中水处理。这项研究证明了根据再生膜的预期应用调节氧化程度的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Electrosorption of alkaline earth metal ions onto activated carbon as affected by pH and applied potential (pE) 碱土金属离子在活性炭上的电吸附受 pH 值和外加电位 (pE) 的影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118272

Cuijuan Feng, Chin-pao Huang

The electrosorption of alkaline earth metal ions from aqueous solution was studied using a graphite supported activated carbon electrode (NSA@G). Zeta potential measurement revealed a low

{pH}_{zpc}

of 3.0 for the NSA electrode, suggesting a negatively charged L-type carbon surface. The electrosorption behavior of Ca²⁺ ion followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-first-order rate law. The initial Ca²⁺ ion concentration, solution pH, and applied potential affected the electrosorption capacity. Results showed that both reversible surface charge (regulated by the potential determining ions, i.e., H⁺ and OH⁻, or pH) and polarizable surface charge (controlled by the applied potential, or pE) contributed to the overall Ca²⁺ ion removal process. The contribution of reversible and polarizable surface charge varied with pH and pE, respectively. Specifically, the reversible surface charge played a more significant role in Ca²⁺ electrosorption at high pH value and low pE (at 60–83 % of the total Ca²⁺ uptake), while the polarizable surface charge dominated at low pH and high pE (at 60–62 % of the total Ca²⁺ uptake). Factors, such as ionic radius, hydration ratio, and hydration enthalpy, significantly affected the electrosorption capacity of divalent alkaline earth metals, i.e., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺, over NSA@G electrode.

Novelty

This work elucidated the mechanisms of electrode charging and Ca²⁺ ion uptake via electrosorption. Previous research often attributed ion electrosorption capacity solely to the surface charge derived from a polarizable electrode. In addition to polarizable surface charge, which is controlled by the applied potential (or pE), this study demonstrated that reversible surface charge, regulated by the potential determining ions, i.e., H⁺ and OH⁻ ions (or pH), also played a significant role in total Ca²⁺ ion removal. The novelty of this work lies in quantifying the contribution of reversible and polarizable surface charge to overall Ca²⁺ ion electrosorption. Furthermore, this study investigated the factors affecting the electrosorption behavior of alkaline earth metals, i.e., Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺. A rational approach to predicting electrosorption performance is also proposed, using capacitance characterization from cyclic voltammetry measurements based on Lipmann's electrocapillarity theory.

研究人员使用石墨支撑活性炭电极（NSA@G）对水溶液中的碱土金属离子进行了电吸附。Zeta 电位测量显示，NSA 电极的 pHzpc 值较低，为 3.0，这表明其表面是带负电荷的 L 型碳。Ca2+ 离子的电吸附行为遵循 Langmuir 吸附等温线和伪一阶速率定律。初始 Ca2+ 离子浓度、溶液 pH 值和外加电位都会影响电吸附容量。结果表明，可逆表面电荷（由决定电位的离子，即 H+ 和 OH- 或 pH 值调节）和可极化表面电荷（由外加电位或 pE 控制）对整个 Ca2+ 离子去除过程都有贡献。可逆表面电荷和可极化表面电荷的贡献分别随 pH 值和 pE 值的变化而变化。具体来说，在高 pH 值和低 pE 条件下，可逆表面电荷在 Ca2+ 电吸附过程中起着更重要的作用（占总 Ca2+ 吸收量的 60-83%），而在低 pH 值和高 pE 条件下，可极化表面电荷则占主导地位（占总 Ca2+ 吸收量的 60-62%）。离子半径、水合比和水合焓等因素显著影响了 NSA@G 电极对二价碱土金属（即 Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+ 和 Ba2+）的电吸附能力。以往的研究通常将离子电吸附能力完全归因于可极化电极产生的表面电荷。除了由外加电位（或 pE）控制的可极化表面电荷外，本研究还证明了由电位决定离子（即 H+ 和 OH- 离子（或 pH 值））调节的可逆表面电荷在 Ca2+ 离子的总去除中也发挥了重要作用。这项工作的新颖之处在于量化了可逆和可极化表面电荷对整个 Ca2+ 离子电吸附的贡献。此外，这项研究还调查了影响碱土金属（即 Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+ 和 Ba2+）电吸附行为的因素。研究还提出了一种预测电吸附性能的合理方法，即利用基于 Lipmann 电消旋理论的循环伏安法测量得出的电容特性。

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引用次数: 0

Membrane-informed multi-mechanistic predictive maintenance for MBR plants: Early determination of membrane cleaning with biologically driven, physically deposited, and chemically induced fouling model MBR 设备的膜信息多机制预测性维护：利用生物驱动、物理沉积和化学诱导污垢模型及早确定膜清洁情况

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Desalination

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118263

TaeYong Woo , SangYoun Kim , ChanHyeok Jeong , SungKu Heo , ChangKyoo Yoo

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are widely employed in wastewater treatment for their superior performance, though maintaining membrane efficiency remains costly and energy-intensive because of fouling accumulation. This study introduces a novel membrane-informed predictive maintenance (membrane-PM) system that accurately predicts cleaning intervals for membrane fouling in a full-scale MBR plant. By integrating biologically informed, physically deposited, and chemically induced fouling data via an activated sludge model, resistance-in-series model, and multiple linear regression model, we captured the complex dynamics of fouling. A day-to-day calibration approach, utilizing global sensitivity analysis and a genetic algorithm (GA), improves model precision by reflecting temporal fouling changes. Additionally, membrane-informed multivariate statistical monitoring (membrane-MSM), based on Hotelling's T2 statistic, was developed to predict optimal chemical cleaning intervals, helping to prevent MBR operational failures. Results indicate that the membrane-PM system effectively estimated membrane fouling progress via transmembrane pressure (TMP) with an R² of 88.4 %, achieving high accuracy and extending membrane operational lifespan by an average of 17.5 %.

膜生物反应器（MBR）因其卓越的性能被广泛应用于废水处理中，但由于污垢的积累，维持膜效率的成本和能耗仍然很高。本研究介绍了一种新型膜信息预测维护（membrane-PM）系统，该系统可准确预测大规模 MBR 工厂中膜污垢的清洁间隔。通过活性污泥模型、阻力串联模型和多元线性回归模型整合生物信息、物理沉积和化学诱导污垢数据，我们捕捉到了污垢的复杂动态。利用全局敏感性分析和遗传算法（GA）的逐日校准方法，通过反映污垢的时间变化提高了模型的精度。此外，还开发了基于霍特林 T2 统计的膜信息多元统计监测（membrane-MSM），以预测最佳化学清洗间隔，帮助防止 MBR 运行故障。结果表明，膜-多变量统计监测系统通过跨膜压力（TMP）有效地估计了膜污垢的进展情况，R2 为 88.4%，达到了很高的精确度，并将膜的运行寿命平均延长了 17.5%。

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引用次数: 0