Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Experimental assessment of stirring effects in freeze desalination of brackish and seawater","authors":"Muhammad I. Rashad ,&nbsp;Taha A. Elaghoury ,&nbsp;Youssef Mohab ,&nbsp;Lama A. Elsdeek ,&nbsp;A.M. Kader ,&nbsp;Shehab Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Farahat","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of stirring and freezing termination conditions on the performance of a batch Freeze Desalination (FD) system operating with brackish water (15,000 ppm) and seawater (40,000 ppm). To provide a comprehensive assessment of process efficiency, a new Composite Performance Index (CPI) is introduced, which integrates Recovery Ratio (RR), Salt Rejection (SR), and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) into a single performance metric. A vapor compression refrigeration cycle was employed, and experiments were conducted under both static conditions and with mechanical stirring at 10, 20, and 30 rpm. At 30 rpm, brackish water achieved a maximum RR of 38.6 %, SR of 90.9 %, and a CPI of 12.2, compared to 35.5 %, 79.7 %, and 9.8 under static conditions, respectively. For seawater, stirring at 30 rpm increased RR from 23.8 % to 27.9 % and reduced product salinity from 1857 ppm to 1253 ppm, while SEC dropped from 908.1 to 432.4 kWh/m³. Additionally, the freezing process was extended in some cases until the brine reached twice the feed salinity, which further improved performance. At 30 rpm, increasing the cutoff salinity from 1.5× to 2× raised RR from 38.6 % to 51.6 % and CPI from 12.2 to 21.2, while SEC decreased from 286.5 to 221.4 kWh/m³. These results demonstrate that both stirring and extended freezing can significantly enhance system performance and water quality, offering practical strategies to improve FD efficiency under varying salinity conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119757"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configuring 5TiO2·2H2O/C composite-type adsorbents for effectively recovering Li+ from original Salt Lake brines","authors":"Xuemei Zhuo ,&nbsp;Chunxi Hai ,&nbsp;Yanxia Sun ,&nbsp;Shengde Dong ,&nbsp;Luxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Xin He ,&nbsp;Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Fuji ,&nbsp;Takashi Shirai ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel-structured titanium‑lithium adsorbents have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently recovering Li⁺ from Salt Lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio, owing to their stable structure, minimal dissolution loss, and excellent cycling stability. However, their practical application remains limited due to low adsorption capacity and prolonged equilibration times. In this study, we developed a novel 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents, synthesized by eluting Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C precursors with 0.15 mol/L HCl, which exhibits high adsorption capacity and minimal dissolution loss. Under optimal conditions, the 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents reached adsorption equilibrium within 5 h at 60 °C in a 600 ppm LiOH solution, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.84 mg/g and a titanium dissolution loss of only 0.29 %. The adsorption selectivity of the 5TiO₂·2H₂O/C adsorbents was found to be strongly pH-dependent. In a 170 ppm Li⁺ solution, the adsorbents demonstrated superior cycling stability in original Salt Lake brines, outperforming those in LiCl and Li₂SO₄ solutions. This study provides valuable insights into the formation and mechanisms of action of these adsorbents, offering significant implications for the efficient recovery of Li⁺ from various brines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119758"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mn–MOF–74 coupled with biochar derived from chestnut shell for catalytic electrochemical oxidation in a peroxymonosulfate system to degrade metformin","authors":"Thi-Kim-Tuyen Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thanh-Binh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Chiu-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Hsin Chen ,&nbsp;Thai Van Anh ,&nbsp;Shuchen Hsieh ,&nbsp;Cheng-Di Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metformin (MET), one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is now frequently detected in aquatic environments, raising concerns about its ecological impact. Here, we report a robust Mn–MOF–74@CB composite prepared by anchoring Mn–MOF–74 onto chestnut shell–derived biochar to enhance structural stability and catalytic efficiency. In an electrochemically assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system, the Mn–MOF–74@CB catalyst achieved &gt;80 % MET removal under optimized conditions with low energy input. The material showed excellent reusability and structural integrity, with manganese leaching remaining below U.S. EPA safety limits across successive cycles. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that degradation proceeded predominantly through non-radical pathways involving singlet oxygen (¹O₂), superoxide radical (O₂^•−), and high-valent manganese-oxo species (Mn^V=O), rather than classical hydroxyl (HO^•) or sulfate (SO₄^•−) radicals. Ecotoxicity assays using <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Kh12 confirmed reduced toxicity after treatment, while 3D excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy indicated extensive mineralization without accumulation of harmful intermediates. These results highlight the Mn–MOF–74@CB/PMS/EO system as an energy-efficient, stable, and environmentally benign platform for advanced removal of metformin from contaminated waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119746"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diamine grafted poly (acrylonitrile-co-glycidyl methacrylate) membranes for separation permeance and fouling mitigation: Role of diamine molecular weight","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Yuanqi Liu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Tang ,&nbsp;Yanxun Guo ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amine-based grafting is an easy method to increase polymeric membrane rejection and antifouling properties. However, the effect of diamine molecular weight on the membrane separation and antifouling performance remains poorly understood. Herein, in this study, poly (acrylonitrile-<em>co</em>-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(AN-co-GMA)) membranes were grafted using 5 linear aliphatic diamines with varying molecular weights (i.e., ethylenediamine, butanediamine, hexanediamine, octanediamine, and decanediamine) for dye removal and fouling mitigation. In addition to a comprehensive characterization of membrane physicochemical structures, long-term (72 h) filtration was performed with 4 dye solutions to probe the membrane separation characteristics. Furthermore, membrane antifouling performance was characterized via permeance recovery rate by filtrating bovine serum albumin and humic acid solutions. Our results showed that the hydrophilicity, negative surface charge, and pore size of the P(AN-co-GMA) membrane surface decreased with increasing diamine molecular weight, while the membrane surface roughness and rejection increased. Notably, the increase of diamine molecular weight did not significantly influence membrane porosities. Further increasing diamine molecular weight offered limited rejection enhancement while decreasing membrane permeance. Octanediamine-grafting significantly enhanced P(AN-co-GMA) membrane rejection (99.2 % for Congo red, 99.2 % for Methyl blue, 91.7 % for Neutral red, and 90.2 % for Methyl violet) while maintaining a relatively high pure water permeance (120 LMH/bar). Notably, the membrane with a reduced pore size showed an enhanced permeance recovery rate (&gt;90 % in each cycle) and reduced irreversible fouling, with values of 8.51 % for bovine serum albumin and 9.35 % for humic acid, suggesting that a constricted pore structure could mitigate irreversible fouling formation inside the membrane matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119745"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into singlet‑oxygen-driven Fenton-like system using 2D/2D MXene/ZnFe-LDH heterostructure for ciprofloxacin removal","authors":"Soyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Yuri Park ,&nbsp;Doo-Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Dimuthu Wijethunge ,&nbsp;Aijun Du ,&nbsp;Yuhoon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the widespread occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water, which poses serious risks to both public health and environmental safety, a novel and environmentally benign MXene with ZnFe-LDH (MX@LDH) 2D/2D heterogeneous catalyst was developed for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). First, we developed the MXene preparation method, including nitric acid treatment, to remove the fluorine residuals caused by the conventional hydrochloric acid and lithium fluoride method and to introduce oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, ZnFe-LDH was successfully immobilized onto the MXene surface via a co-precipitation method, enabling the formation of a 2D/2D heterostructure. MX@LDH provided more active sites for PMS activation with improved electron transfer. MX@LDH-4 (34.3 % MXene) exhibited 96.7 % CIP removal and 75.8 % TOC removal within 90 min under conditions of 40 mg/L CIP, 4 mM PMS, and pH = 6. MX@LDH maintained stable catalytic performance between pH 4 and pH 10. The singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) were the main reactive oxygen species, and singlet oxygen could be produced by the radical pathway, as well as mediated electron transfer. The calculated mutagenicity and bioaccumulation factor of transformation products detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer were lower than those of CIP, implying the effectiveness of the MX@LDH/PMS system in reducing the ecotoxicity of CIP. Owing to the high resistance to inorganic ions and humic acid, the outstanding catalytic performance toward various pharmaceuticals, even in real water, stable chemical structure, and recyclable features, the 2D/2D heterogeneous MX@LDH/PMS system could be utilized for the decomposition of organic pollutants in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119739"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of feed fluctuations on Ocean Wave-Powered Reverse Osmosis (WPRO) desalination using transient model","authors":"Xian Wu,&nbsp;Xiaofan Li,&nbsp;Lei Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wave-Powered Reverse Osmosis (WPRO) represents a promising convergence of ocean energy harvesting and advanced Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination techniques. The significant fluctuations in pressures and flow rates within the integrated WPRO system present a critical challenge, necessitating an accurate transient model for effective performance estimation. This study presents a two-dimensional transient model based on pressure-correction algorithm to simulate channel flow with membrane boundary conditions under varying inlet conditions. The coupled dynamics of pressure, velocity, and salt concentration are addressed iteratively by decoupling and updating each term separately. The model investigates the performance of RO systems under different input conditions, including constant, sinusoidal, and irregular flow. The results indicate that constant input with higher pressure and lower flow rate achieves a better Recovery Ratio (RR). It is emphasized that for WPRO systems, a fair comparison requires choosing the same average power or pressure when evaluating different inputs. Under equivalent input power, sinusoidal waves result in a lower RR compared to constant inputs due to reduced average pressure. Conversely, under equivalent inlet pressure and flow rate, sinusoidal waves achieve a higher RR than constant inputs due to the phase difference between pressure-driven permeate velocity and diffusion-driven Concentration Polarization (CP). Specifically, sinusoidal inputs with higher frequency and higher amplitude display a higher RR. Additionally, irregular input yields a higher RR than constant inputs, as mean pressure and power can be maintained at levels comparable to those of constant input. The model’s adaptability to diverse flow regimes — from steady to sinusoidal and irregular fluctuations — highlights its potential as a critical tool for optimizing RO desalination processes powered by renewable ocean energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"621 ","pages":"Article 119676"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical cleaning in membrane distillation: Mechanisms and operation strategies","authors":"Junghyun Kim ,&nbsp;Seonkyu Lee ,&nbsp;Juhyung Lee ,&nbsp;Leonard Tijing ,&nbsp;Ho Kyong Shon ,&nbsp;Seungkwan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane distillation (MD) effectively treats highly concentrated solutions due to its unique rejection mechanism, making it suitable for applications such as zero liquid discharge. However, inorganic scaling significantly limits its practical operation under high-recovery conditions. Electrochemical cleaning (EC) utilizing electrically conductive membranes emerges as an innovative strategy, overcoming limitations associated with conventional hydraulic flushing and chemical cleaning methods. In this study, the effectiveness and mechanisms of EC using direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) operations were systematically investigated. AC-driven electrochemical cleaning outperforms DC, as it maintains flux recovery above 95 % at 1.0 V, whereas DC drops to 87.88 %. After three cycles, the flux-decline rate is lower with AC and energy consumption is reduced. Unlike DC, whose efficiency fades as the membrane recharges and crystals nucleate, AC's electrokinetic vibration and ionic convection prevent scale adhesion and enhance flushing. Thus, EC-AC offers a robust, energy-efficient pathway to sustain high-performance MD under severe scaling conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119696"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations in feed-water chemistry and fouling dynamics of reverse-osmosis systems: A global climate lens","authors":"Nasser Zareei,&nbsp;Hazim Qiblawey","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reverse osmosis desalination plants are built for worst-case conditions, yet seasonal variations in feed water quality often outpace their design assumptions, leading to avoidable membrane performance losses. Temperature swings of 10–15 °C, along with changes in salinity, organic matter, and microbial activity, drive predictable membrane fouling dynamics that static protocols cannot accommodate. This review synthesizes RO studies published from 2015 to 2025 across hot-desert, Mediterranean, temperate, and tropical climate zones using Köppen-Geiger climate classification as an organizing framework, the first systematic climate-resolved synthesis of seasonal fouling mechanisms and adaptive responses. Through this review, three principal findings emerge. First, climate-specific seasonal fouling regimes are distinct and mechanistically predictable patterns: arid coasts (BWh) experience summer biofouling synergistically amplified by gypsum scaling; temperate systems (Cfa, Dwa) face winter organic fouling from recalcitrant humics despite reduced microbial activity; and tropical intakes (Aw, Am) endure monsoonal pulses that increase both colloidal fouling and dissolved organics by 5–100× relative to dry-season baselines. Second, static protocols impose severe performance penalties: flux decline rates can reach 70–85 %, membrane cleaning frequency doubling, and energy consumption rising despite viscosity-driven efficiency gains in warm periods, demonstrating that single-parameter optimization fails under coupled thermal-chemical-biological forcing. Third, predictive-adaptive systems demonstrate step-change improvements: predictive models enable accurate, real-time antiscalant dosing, while temperature-responsive pretreatment maintains higher permeate flux and reduces energy demand by up to nearly 20 %; quorum-sensing-inhibitor coatings reduce biofilm thickness by 60–69 %; and ceramic ultrafiltration eliminates harmful-algal-bloom capacity losses that degrade polymeric membranes by 30–40 %. Yet critical gaps persist hot-arid (BWh) and Mediterranean (Csa) zones, most monitoring datasets are short-term, and temperature-dependent fouling relationships remain unclear due to inconsistent findings. Closing these gaps requires multi-year monitoring across all climate zones and economic validation under climate variability. Seasonal adaptation must evolve from reactive adjustment to fundamental design criterion. Future installations should align membrane materials, pretreatment systems, and control algorithms with site-specific hydrological calendars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119744"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional electrochemical membrane reactor based on Fe-doped carbon membranes for simultaneous highly efficient tetracycline degradation and Na+ electrosorption","authors":"Yuxuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Hanlin Wang ,&nbsp;Haikuo Lei ,&nbsp;Zitian Liu ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Han Zhao ,&nbsp;Heli Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To simultaneously achieve tetracycline (TC) degradation and desalination, a dual-functional electrochemical membrane reactor (EMR) was developed. This reactor uses Fe-doped carbon membranes (FeM) as functional electrodes, integrating two core functions: TC degradation at the anode and Na⁺ electrosorption at the cathode. Among the FeM series, FeM2 (with 2 % Fe doping) exhibited outstanding performance, featuring a 34.8 nm average pore size, 44.1 % porosity, 8.5 MPa bending strength, 3942 S/m electrical conductivity, and 802.3 m²/g specific surface area. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed that FeM2 had a stronger adsorption affinity for TC (adsorption free energy: −388.3 kJ/mol). At an applied voltage of 1.2 V, the FeM2 anode achieved 94.8 % TC degradation (a process dominated by ·OH, with Cl⁻ migrating through the anion exchange membrane to maintain charge balance), while the FeM2 cathode reached an equilibrium Na⁺ electrosorption capacity of 57.7 mg/g. In contrast, single-electrode systems (EMR-A for anode-only TC degradation; EMR-C for cathode-only Na⁺ electrosorption) lacked dual-functional synergy, resulting in lower efficiency. FeM2 also showed excellent stability: negligible performance loss after 10 cycles of operation, and no iron leaching was detected during 120 h of continuous operation. This dual-functional EMR provides an efficient, low-voltage solution for the simultaneous removal of TC and Na⁺.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"621 ","pages":"Article 119747"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional hydrogel evaporator with CQDs loaded TiO2 and CNTs for efficient eutrophic water body purification","authors":"Guiqun Liu ,&nbsp;Qisheng Ma ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Jialong Zhang ,&nbsp;Kuan Lei ,&nbsp;Ding Li ,&nbsp;Min Xue ,&nbsp;Wenli Wu ,&nbsp;Jianghua Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photothermal interfaces garner widespread attention as an economical and efficient water purification technology, particularly in applications such as seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. However, their relatively limited capacity to degrade organic pollutants in real wastewater, especially in addressing eutrophic water bodies commonly encountered in daily life, hinders their broader practical deployment. Herein, we synthesize a novel bifunctional hydrogel material, PSTCC (PAM/SA/TiO₂ -CQDs/CNTs), which integrates both photothermal and photocatalytic functionalities. We also design and fabricate a 3D structured hydrogel device to systematically evaluate its potential for eutrophic water purification. By incorporating carbon quantum dot - modified TiO₂ and carbon nanotubes into a polyacrylamide–sodium alginate composite matrix, the hydrogel exhibits significantly enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency while effectively tuning the bandgap of TiO₂, thereby improving its photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, using a 3D structured mold and demolding process, we construct a PSTCC hydrogel evaporator featuring surface convex protrusions and vertically aligned internal capillary channels, which achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.56 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under one sun irradiation. The device also demonstrates excellent performance in the removal of organic pollutants, achieving a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 85.5 % for methylene blue and an inactivation rate of 58.7 % for <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>. This evaporator and its associated device are expected to offer a novel paradigm for treating typical organic pollutants in eutrophic water bodies, holding broad application prospects in the field of green, efficient, and energy-saving water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"622 ","pages":"Article 119752"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}