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The Neglected Values of Philosophy in Contemporary Society: A Call for Curriculum Review in Ethiopian Higher Education 当代社会被忽视的哲学价值:对埃塞俄比亚高等教育课程检讨的呼唤
Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190503.12
Matusala Sundado
This paper aims at exploring the values of philosophy in the contemporary Ethiopian society. In my view the values of philosophy are overlooked and deemphasized consciously or unconsciously due to various reasons. Philosophy is viewed by some people as insignificant discipline; a discipline too speculative and lacks practical value and no longer valuable in the era of science and technology. However, addressing the following questions is relevant to resolve such misunderstandings: Is philosophy really worthless to the contemporary society? What are the values, if any, of philosophy for contemporary society in general and Ethiopian society in particular? Does philosophy contribute for learners in understanding sciences? To address these questions, therefore, the researcher employed philosophical methods of analysis and phenomenology. The focus of this paper is critically explaining philosophy’s practical impact on contemporary Ethiopian society. It points out that philosophy is significant for multi-faceted human development – social, political, intellectual and spiritual. I believe and recommend that a little dosage of philosophical training is important in general for citizens and students of higher education in particular. Some of the reasons are that philosophy can enable one to develop critical thinking dispositions, equips one to reason correctly and enables to engage in critical examination and analysis of different social issues. Above all, I firmly believe that a proper training in philosophy is essential to contribute to the development of a country. Hence, this paper offers valuable insights and suggestions for ministry of education and higher institutions to re-examine the mission and objective of education policy of Ethiopia whether it supports and promotes the production of critical citizens. All in all, it is a clarion call for curriculum review in Ethiopian higher education which overlooked the values of philosophy.
本文旨在探讨当代埃塞俄比亚社会的哲学价值。在我看来,由于种种原因,哲学的价值被有意无意地忽视和贬低了。有些人认为哲学是一门无足轻重的学科;一门过于思辨而缺乏实用价值的学科,在科技时代已不再有价值。然而,解决以下问题与解决这些误解有关:哲学对当代社会真的毫无价值吗?哲学对于当代社会,尤其是埃塞俄比亚社会,有什么价值?哲学对学习者理解科学有帮助吗?因此,为了解决这些问题,研究者采用了分析和现象学的哲学方法。本文的重点是批判性地解释哲学对当代埃塞俄比亚社会的实际影响。它指出,哲学对人类多方面的发展——社会的、政治的、智力的和精神的——具有重要意义。我相信并建议,一般来说,对公民和受过高等教育的学生来说,接受一点哲学训练是很重要的。其中一些原因是,哲学可以使一个人发展批判性思维的倾向,使一个人能够正确地推理,使人们能够对不同的社会问题进行批判性的检查和分析。最重要的是,我坚信适当的哲学训练对一个国家的发展至关重要。因此,本文为教育部和高等院校重新审视埃塞俄比亚教育政策的使命和目标是否支持和促进批判性公民的生产提供了有价值的见解和建议。总而言之,这是对埃塞俄比亚高等教育中忽视哲学价值的课程审查的号角。
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引用次数: 0
NASRDA’s Experience in Human Capacity Development and Capability Accumulation in Satellite Technology NASRDA在卫星技术人员能力发展和能力积累方面的经验
Pub Date : 2019-07-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190503.11
F. Chizea, R. Umunna, E. Ovie
The National Space Research & Development Agency (NASRDA) was created in 1999 to coordinate and oversee all space activities for Nigeria. With little or no human space technology capacity and capability at inception, the agency embarked on an aggressive human capacity building and accumulation mission. From its creation, the agency has been strongly committed to achieving independent satellite development capability. As the agency celebrates its 20 years of existence in 2019, it has emerged as one of the largest space institutions in the African continent - launching five successful satellites of various sizes, all of which involved technology transfers to Nigerian scientists and engineers. NigeriaSat-2 and NigeriaSat-X were two medium Earth Observation satellites launched in 2011 to provide medium resolution imagery to serve the needs of various institutions not only within Nigeria, but also other nations through a constellation of satellites managed by the DMCii, UK. While NigeriaSat-2 was procured from SSTL, NigeriaSat-X served as a training model through which satellite engineering design skills were transferred to Nigerian Engineers from SSTL, UK. Six years after the launch of NigeriSat-2 and Nigerisat-X, a cubesat dubbed “NigeriEduSat-1” was launched from a university-to-university (U2U) collaboration between FUTA, Akure and KIT, Japan. The U2U collaboration, facilitated by National Space Research & Development Agency, was aimed at improving technology absorption and local diffusion of satellite engineering within the country. This paper reviews strides made by NASRDA in accumulating know-how satellite development and further discusses the various efforts made in building its first satellite independently.
尼日利亚国家空间研究与发展局(NASRDA)成立于1999年,负责协调和监督尼日利亚的所有空间活动。由于最初很少或没有人类空间技术能力和能力,该机构开始了一项积极的人类能力建设和积累任务。自成立以来,该机构一直致力于实现独立的卫星开发能力。在该机构于2019年庆祝其成立20周年之际,它已成为非洲大陆最大的空间机构之一,成功发射了五颗不同大小的卫星,所有这些卫星都涉及向尼日利亚科学家和工程师转让技术。NigeriaSat-2和NigeriaSat-X是2011年发射的两颗中等地球观测卫星,通过英国DMCii管理的卫星星座,提供中等分辨率图像,不仅满足尼日利亚国内各种机构的需求,也满足其他国家的需求。虽然NigeriaSat-2是从SSTL采购的,但NigeriaSat-X作为一个培训模型,通过它将卫星工程设计技能转移给来自英国SSTL的尼日利亚工程师。在NigeriSat-2和Nigerisat-X发射六年后,一颗名为“NigeriEduSat-1”的立方体卫星由日本Akure FUTA和KIT的一所大学对大学(U2U)合作发射。由国家空间研究与发展署推动的U2U合作旨在改进国内卫星工程的技术吸收和当地传播。本文回顾了中国卫星科学研究院在积累卫星开发技术方面取得的进展,并进一步讨论了自主建造第一颗卫星所做的各项努力。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis and Suggestions on the Factors of Income Gap 收入差距影响因素分析及建议
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190502.14
Yuan Gao
Income gap reflects the imbalance of economic development in a region. Excessive income gap will affect social instability, aggravate social contradictions and conflicts, thus hindering social progress and development. Reasonable narrowing of income gap is conducive to optimizing the allocation of resources and improving social production efficiency. Guangdong Province has a high per capita income level in China. With the further development of Guangdong's economy, the income gap has changed to a certain extent, and this issue still attracts much attention. By consulting the basic data obtained from the Guangdong Yearbook in 2018, the Gini coefficient of Guangdong Province in 2018 is 0.335, which is basically reasonable, but it has not reached a relatively average level. The gap between GDP and per capita GDP of the four regions in Guangdong Province (Pearl River Delta, East Wing, West Wing, East Guangdong, West Guangdong, North Guangdong) is still large. By analyzing the factors of natural conditions, calculating the proportion of three industries and other factors, this paper explores the reasons for the formation of income gap, and puts forward some suggestions to narrow the gap from the aspects of optimizing industrial structure, adjusting income distribution and differentiating taxation, and finally draws a conclusion.
收入差距反映了一个地区经济发展的不平衡。收入差距过大会影响社会稳定,加剧社会矛盾和冲突,从而阻碍社会进步和发展。合理缩小收入差距,有利于优化资源配置,提高社会生产效率。广东省是中国人均收入水平较高的省份。随着广东经济的进一步发展,收入差距在一定程度上发生了变化,这一问题仍然备受关注。通过查阅2018年《广东年鉴》获得的基础数据,2018年广东省基尼系数为0.335,基本合理,但尚未达到相对平均水平。广东省四大区(珠三角、粤东、粤西、粤东、粤西、粤北)的GDP与人均GDP差距仍然较大。本文通过分析自然条件因素、计算三次产业比重等因素,探究收入差距形成的原因,并从优化产业结构、调整收入分配、差别化税收等方面提出缩小差距的建议,最后得出结论。
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引用次数: 1
The Role of Religion in James Joyce`s Dubliners: Cultural Materialism Reading 宗教在詹姆斯·乔伊斯《都柏林人》中的作用:文化唯物主义阅读
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190502.13
M. Jafari, Mahnaz Soqandi, Shiva Zaheri Birgani
Language, Social identity and Religion are three major concerns of cultural studies. Language in literary texts plays a major role in constructing meaning and reflecting the author`s intention. Likewise religion as a cultural politics is a dominant factor in shaping mind as well in affecting the framework of literary text. Religion is one of the emerging issues in the modern era and forms the backbone of most literary works. Religion as a theme is seen to influence the operation of those who believe in it. It forms the functional framework that predetermines ones actions and behavior. Furthermore, social identity decides on the status of the social class and their material life situation. Social identity relates to how we identify ourselves in relation to others according to what we have in common. All these issues are interrelated since they all cooperate and construct a social and cultural materiality. Proper cultural and social materials and issues such as religious matters. His major short story collection, Dubliners, revolves around the lifestyle of the Irish middle-class in Dublin around the late 1800s and early 1900s. This collection is decorated with violated norms and ritualistic behavior that are part of social constructs. Addressing social, religious and cultural issues, cultural This study aims to clarify how James Joyce`s Dubliners reflects the notions of language, social identity and religion as cultural practices and how they construct social and cultural products within the framework of cultural materialism to show how James Joyce criticizes Irish culture at the beginning of the Twentieth century.
语言、社会认同和宗教是文化研究的三大关注点。语言在文学文本中起着构建意义和反映作者意图的重要作用。同样,宗教作为一种文化政治在塑造思想和影响文学文本框架方面也是一个主导因素。宗教是当代文学的新兴问题之一,也是大多数文学作品的支柱。宗教作为一个主题被视为影响那些相信它的人的行动。它形成了预先决定一个人的行动和行为的功能框架。此外,社会身份决定了社会阶层的地位和物质生活状况。社会认同是指我们如何根据我们的共同点来认同自己与他人的关系。所有这些问题都是相互关联的,因为它们都相互合作,共同构成了社会和文化的物质性。适当的文化和社会材料和问题,如宗教问题。他的主要短篇小说集《都柏林人》围绕19世纪末20世纪初都柏林爱尔兰中产阶级的生活方式展开。这个收藏装饰着违反规范和仪式性的行为,这是社会结构的一部分。本研究旨在阐明詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《都柏林人》如何反映语言、社会认同和宗教作为文化实践的概念,以及他们如何在文化唯物主义的框架内构建社会和文化产品,以展示詹姆斯·乔伊斯如何批评二十世纪初的爱尔兰文化。
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引用次数: 0
On Cohen’s Critique of Technology and Social Justice 论科恩对技术与社会正义的批判
Pub Date : 2019-04-12 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190502.11
Li Yong, Zhang Yi
It is supposed that to be just in society is the intrinsic pursuit of Marxist theory in Marx’s original text. While as the result of historical context, according to Marx, the just society can be realized in a far future. Cohen holds materialism standpoint to illustrate historical materialism creatively by functional explanation in the modern history context. In a new time with much more advanced science and technology, he is keeping going with the route of Marxism for overcoming the technique alienation and argues that in order to realize freedom, equality and justice, appealing to empirical critique of technology and exploration of social theory is essential. The demonstration of that freedom, equality and justice are compatible, which is a cornerstone of practical just social theory. As Cohen is in the analytical tradition, his creative functional explanation presents obvious empiricism and analytical character. He digs out the key of resolving problem of development in moral dimension apart from the materialism, and conducts the argument to attack the political designs, which separates free distribution in market, quality in society, and just spirit from each other. This essay is intended to figure out Cohen’s argument that is based on the traditional Marxism and stand, while points out a new way to help people reach the just society at the much more near future.
马克思原文认为社会公正是马克思主义理论的内在追求。而由于历史语境的影响,马克思认为公正的社会是在遥远的将来才能实现的。柯亨持唯物主义立场,以现代历史语境下的功能解释创造性地阐释了历史唯物主义。在科学技术更加发达的新时代,他坚持马克思主义克服技术异化的路线,认为要实现自由、平等和正义,就必须诉诸对技术的经验性批判和对社会理论的探索。自由、平等、正义三者相容的论证,是实践正义社会理论的基石。由于科恩属于分析传统,他的创造性功能解释呈现出明显的经验性和分析性。他在唯物主义之外挖掘出解决发展问题的道德维度的关键,并对市场上的自由分配、社会上的质量、正义精神三者相分离的政治设计进行了批判。这篇文章旨在找出科恩的论点是基于传统的马克思主义和立场,同时指出了一个新的途径,帮助人们在更近的将来达到公正的社会。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth of Ecowas Member States 人力资本开发对西共体成员国经济增长的影响
Pub Date : 2019-03-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190501.14
Fadila Kabir Usman, Olure-Bank Adeyinka
This study examines the random effect of human capital development on economic growth of ECOWAS member states for the period of thirty seven years from 1980-2016, the measurement of random effect of human capital development on economic growth of ECOWAS member countries encompasses World Development Indicator and human capital index, four human capital variables are used, namely: expenditures on education (EED), expenditures on health (EHE), gross domestic product (GDP) and school enrollment (SCE), these variables were transformed to logarithm of base ten (10) to give more robust estimates,the economic growth was proxied by GDP, which is dependent variable, the empirical evidence is based on the Pedroni residual co-integration approach to test for the long-run relationship among the variables, the findings show that there is positive and significant relationship between GDP and government expenditure on education, expenditure on health and school enrollment in the ECOWAS counties, the study concludes that human capital development has an effect on economic growth in the ECOWAS region,the study is very relevant to the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals agendas for two fundamental reasons: (a) Exclusive development is a critical policy syndrome in ECOWAS region where human capital development is a key to attain the SDGs extreme poverty target despite enjoying more than two decades of growth resurgence in some member states. (b) Growth in the region can primarily be driven by high human capital with the population of member countries expected to double in about 30 years, high investment on education and health for inclusive development is very welcome. This is essential because studies have shown that the increase in human capital development (resulting from increasing investment in education and health) would be enhances economic growth and development.
本研究考察了西非经共体成员国1980-2016年37年间人力资本发展对经济增长的随机效应,衡量西非经共体成员国人力资本发展对经济增长的随机效应包括世界发展指标和人力资本指数,使用了四个人力资本变量,即:教育支出(EED)、卫生支出(EHE)、国内生产总值(GDP)和入学人数(SCE),将这些变量转换为以十为基数(10)的对数来给出更稳健的估计,经济增长由GDP作为因变量来代表,经验证据基于Pedroni残差协整方法来检验变量之间的长期关系。研究结果表明,西非经共体国家的GDP与政府教育支出、卫生支出和入学率之间存在显著的正相关关系,研究得出结论,人力资本发展对西非经共体地区的经济增长有影响,该研究与2015年后可持续发展目标议程非常相关,原因有两个:(a)专属发展是西非经共体区域的一个关键政策综合症,尽管一些成员国经历了20多年的增长复苏,但人力资本发展是实现可持续发展目标极端贫困目标的关键。(b)本区域的增长主要可以由高人力资本推动,预计成员国人口将在大约30年内翻一番,对教育和卫生的高投资促进包容性发展是非常受欢迎的。这是至关重要的,因为研究表明,人力资本发展的增加(由于增加对教育和卫生的投资)将促进经济增长和发展。
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引用次数: 13
Construction of Online Dispute Resolution Mechanism---Chinese Internet Court Under Comparative Law 网络纠纷解决机制的构建——比较法下的中国互联网法院
Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.11648/J.ASH.20190501.12
Bao Liangrui, Gao Yifei
In the information age, the Internet has become an integral part of social life. With the rapid development of e-commerce industry, more and more e-commerce disputes are happening. Whether these problems can be solved quickly will seriously affect the normal operation and healthy development of the Internet industry. Therefore, Internet courts emerge as the times require. This paper puts forward an online dispute resolution mechanism, which has gained valuable experience from the legislation and practice of Internet courts in the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, and provides a reference for the development of Internet courts in China. Since 2000, China has been trying to resolve disputes through the Internet. It has gone through three stages, what is, recognition and exploration, establishment of pilot projects, expansion of pilot projects and promotion of pilot projects. Although great progress has been made in the construction of network courts in China in terms of legal norms and technical application, there are still many internal problems. In the future, professional person should start with perfecting laws and regulations, upgrading technology and training future talents, so that the network court can become the “test ground” and “demonstration area” of the comprehensive reform of the judicial system and the reform of the network governance mode. professional person need to cultivate new judicial momentum, also use new momentum to promote the new development of intelligent court construction, as professional personll as create new brilliance of judicial cause with new development.
在信息时代,互联网已经成为社会生活中不可或缺的一部分。随着电子商务行业的快速发展,电子商务纠纷也越来越多。这些问题能否迅速得到解决,将严重影响互联网行业的正常运行和健康发展。因此,互联网法院应运而生。本文提出的网络纠纷解决机制,从美国、德国和英国互联网法院的立法和实践中获得了宝贵的经验,为中国互联网法院的发展提供了借鉴。自2000年以来,中国一直试图通过互联网解决争端。经历了认识探索、设立试点、扩大试点、推进试点三个阶段。中国的网络法院建设虽然在法律规范和技术应用方面都取得了很大的进步,但内部仍存在许多问题。未来,专业人士应从完善法律法规、提升技术、培养未来人才入手,使网络法院成为司法体制综合改革和网络治理模式改革的“试验场”和“示范区”。专业人才需要培育司法新动能,也要用新动能推动智能法院建设新发展,以新发展创造司法事业新辉煌。
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引用次数: 0
Safeguarding Uganda’s Cultural Heritage: An Inquiry into the Opportunities and Challenges Brought by the COVID-19 Pandemic 保护乌干达文化遗产:新冠肺炎疫情带来的机遇与挑战探析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ash.20220801.15
Fred K. Nsibambi
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting Integration Strategic Planning & Leadership Effectiveness on Organizational Performance: A Case of Ambo University Guder Campus 整合战略规划与领导效能对组织绩效的影响因素——以安博大学古德校区为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ash.20210704.12
Dejene Debebe Kibret
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引用次数: 0
A Culture of Smiling and Greetings as Bureaucracy Reform in Public Services at the Chemical Analyst High School Padang, West Sumatera 西苏门答腊巴东化学分析高中公共服务官僚改革中的微笑和问候文化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ash.20210704.18
Ismaya Indri Astuti
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引用次数: 0
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