[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] This research aims to explore the perspective of a successful English as a foreign language (EFL) learner regarding his own linguistic development and the contributing factors of the success. The learner was deemed to be a good EFL learner because he was an extremely struggling learner in terms of the English language once, but he became an EFL teacher in an elementary school. The study utilized experiences of an Indonesian who was a good EFL learner collected through in-depth interviews. The data revealed that although the learner considered his listening skills improved significantly, his level of confidence in the other language skills did not increase as high. With regard to the contributing factors that influence the language learning process, his success was attributed to the teachers and self-awareness. Teachers’ personality became the major motivating factor to develop English proficiency. In addition, teachers who gave assignments and provided negative feedback were considered to contribute significantly to the linguistic development. The implications for teacher education are also discussed. Keywords : good language learners, linguistic development, EFL, teachers’ personality, teacher education. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.20
{"title":"Sėkmingos užsienio kalbos pamokos: atvejo analizė","authors":"Sri Rejeki Murtiningsih","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.20","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] This research aims to explore the perspective of a successful English as a foreign language (EFL) learner regarding his own linguistic development and the contributing factors of the success. The learner was deemed to be a good EFL learner because he was an extremely struggling learner in terms of the English language once, but he became an EFL teacher in an elementary school. The study utilized experiences of an Indonesian who was a good EFL learner collected through in-depth interviews. The data revealed that although the learner considered his listening skills improved significantly, his level of confidence in the other language skills did not increase as high. With regard to the contributing factors that influence the language learning process, his success was attributed to the teachers and self-awareness. Teachers’ personality became the major motivating factor to develop English proficiency. In addition, teachers who gave assignments and provided negative feedback were considered to contribute significantly to the linguistic development. The implications for teacher education are also discussed. Keywords : good language learners, linguistic development, EFL, teachers’ personality, teacher education. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.20","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Folk lexicography’ is a phenomenon of modern linguistic culture, the result of the metalingual activity and one of the most significant manifestations of naive linguistics. Online slang dictionaries for amateur creation are becoming an indispensable research area and a generous source of information for traditional lexicographers. Their ‘online’ form makes data collection extremely user-friendly, and in terms of audience coverage, they cannot compete with any other phenomenon. Open-access dictionaries provide an opportunity to discover the latest slang units, to monitor their use in the most modern contexts, as well as to analyze the lively process of linguistic creation. If a paper dictionary can be understood as a scientific resource, then an open electronic dictionary – a multivariate creation of a modern virtual community – can be perceived as a continuous creative process. Keywords : metalingual activity, folk linguistics, folk lexicography. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.22
{"title":"Efektyvaus užsienio kalbų mokymo(si) veiksniai: studentų požiūrio analizė","authors":"Gražina Droessiger, Skaidra Girdenienė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Folk lexicography’ is a phenomenon of modern linguistic culture, the result of the metalingual activity and one of the most significant manifestations of naive linguistics. Online slang dictionaries for amateur creation are becoming an indispensable research area and a generous source of information for traditional lexicographers. Their ‘online’ form makes data collection extremely user-friendly, and in terms of audience coverage, they cannot compete with any other phenomenon. Open-access dictionaries provide an opportunity to discover the latest slang units, to monitor their use in the most modern contexts, as well as to analyze the lively process of linguistic creation. If a paper dictionary can be understood as a scientific resource, then an open electronic dictionary – a multivariate creation of a modern virtual community – can be perceived as a continuous creative process. Keywords : metalingual activity, folk linguistics, folk lexicography. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.22","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giedrė Valūnaitė Oleškevičienė, Dalia Gulbinskienė, Eglė Drėgvaitė
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Globalization and the fast growth of technology have made our world more connected than it has ever been before, thus giving more significance to the issue of cross-cultural gaps and the ways of translating them. The need to understand each other and to share new technology, medicine, literature, or knowledge is very high. Each language is unique and revolves around that country᾿s culture and morals. As Culler (2007) puts it, if languages were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts, it would be easy to translate from one language to another. One would simply replace the French name for a concept with the English name. If languages were like this, the task of learning a new language would also be much easier than this. But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired, alas, a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures and the concepts of one language may differ radically from those of another. Each language articulates and organizes the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own. And here arise cultural gaps and problems of equivalence because each language has its own culture, and those differences between cultures may cause more severe complications for the translator than do differences in language structure. Keywords: cross-cultural translation, cultural and linguistic gaps, culture specific items. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.23
{"title":"Kultūrinės ir kalbinės tarpkultūrinio vertimo spragos","authors":"Giedrė Valūnaitė Oleškevičienė, Dalia Gulbinskienė, Eglė Drėgvaitė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.23","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Globalization and the fast growth of technology have made our world more connected than it has ever been before, thus giving more significance to the issue of cross-cultural gaps and the ways of translating them. The need to understand each other and to share new technology, medicine, literature, or knowledge is very high. Each language is unique and revolves around that country᾿s culture and morals. As Culler (2007) puts it, if languages were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts, it would be easy to translate from one language to another. One would simply replace the French name for a concept with the English name. If languages were like this, the task of learning a new language would also be much easier than this. But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired, alas, a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures and the concepts of one language may differ radically from those of another. Each language articulates and organizes the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own. And here arise cultural gaps and problems of equivalence because each language has its own culture, and those differences between cultures may cause more severe complications for the translator than do differences in language structure. Keywords: cross-cultural translation, cultural and linguistic gaps, culture specific items. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.23","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The research into the perception and production of English rhythm has been a subject of argument among linguists and language educators for decades. English has traditionally been ascribed to the group of stress-timed rhythm languages as opposed to syllable-timed languages (Pike, 1945; Abercrombie, 1967; Ladefoged, 1975) and even though several scholars find this typological classification of languages contraversive (e.g. Dauer, 1987), certain reliable stress-timed acoustic cues remain relevant to EFL learners and help acquiring the natural sound of English. The particular rhythmic cues determine the alternation of weak and strong syllable sequences as well as the implication of certain aspects of connected speech. The EFL learners need to develop the feel for this specific English rhythm and educators worldwide suggest various natural input strategies and practice techniques. This particular paper argues for the implementation of music in order to develop the feel for English rhythm, since there is emerging evidence that language and music share a number of features at evolutionary, cognitive as well as sensory perceptual levels (Patel, 2003; Mithen, 2005; Jackendoff, 2009). Moreover, the two capacities of the human mind are similar in their expressive features as well as their hierarchic structure including the prosody: stress, meter and rhythm. Scholars in the field argue that EFL learners may benefit from this cross-domain influence, since the interaction of linguistic stress and musical meter enhances the perception and production of natural English rhythm (Besson et al., 2008). The particular experimental study was carried out on a cohort of 29 non-native English students of different linguistic backgrounds, who were exposed to selected sentence patterns through musically rhythmical expertise. The results suggested benefits in English speech rhythm: they demonstrated a better skill in stressing, strong / weak syllable production and recognition as well as vowel reduction. Keywords : rhythm, rhythmic typology, stress-timing, vowel reduction, music instruction DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.19
{"title":"Muzikinis anglų kalbos ritmo mokymas","authors":"Giedrė Balčytytė-Kurtinienė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.19","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The research into the perception and production of English rhythm has been a subject of argument among linguists and language educators for decades. English has traditionally been ascribed to the group of stress-timed rhythm languages as opposed to syllable-timed languages (Pike, 1945; Abercrombie, 1967; Ladefoged, 1975) and even though several scholars find this typological classification of languages contraversive (e.g. Dauer, 1987), certain reliable stress-timed acoustic cues remain relevant to EFL learners and help acquiring the natural sound of English. The particular rhythmic cues determine the alternation of weak and strong syllable sequences as well as the implication of certain aspects of connected speech. The EFL learners need to develop the feel for this specific English rhythm and educators worldwide suggest various natural input strategies and practice techniques. This particular paper argues for the implementation of music in order to develop the feel for English rhythm, since there is emerging evidence that language and music share a number of features at evolutionary, cognitive as well as sensory perceptual levels (Patel, 2003; Mithen, 2005; Jackendoff, 2009). Moreover, the two capacities of the human mind are similar in their expressive features as well as their hierarchic structure including the prosody: stress, meter and rhythm. Scholars in the field argue that EFL learners may benefit from this cross-domain influence, since the interaction of linguistic stress and musical meter enhances the perception and production of natural English rhythm (Besson et al., 2008). The particular experimental study was carried out on a cohort of 29 non-native English students of different linguistic backgrounds, who were exposed to selected sentence patterns through musically rhythmical expertise. The results suggested benefits in English speech rhythm: they demonstrated a better skill in stressing, strong / weak syllable production and recognition as well as vowel reduction. Keywords : rhythm, rhythmic typology, stress-timing, vowel reduction, music instruction DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.19","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The article explores the theme of liminality – liminal experience and liminal human beings in Angela Carter’s collection of stories The Bloody Chamber in an attempt to reveal the complexity of human – female and male – identity, its transformations and outcomes. In literary and cultural theory, liminality is defined as a “space or state which is situated in between other, usually more clearly defined, spaces, periods or identities.” Thus, liminal human beings do not have one form of existence, they are naturally ambiguous. In the stories, Carter investigates liminality through half-beings who represent two sides of personality which are at odds with each other and do not make a harmonious whole, as well as the image of the bloody chamber. Moreover, neither of the character’s states is fully accepted. Carter considers the ways how to deal with each of them in order to regain integrity of mind and claim their full humanity. Keywords: liminality, liminal experience, liminal human beings, half-beings, beasts, werewolves, vampires. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.16
{"title":"Liminalumas Angelos Carter apsakymų rinkinyje Kruvinasis kambarys","authors":"Daina Miniotaitė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The article explores the theme of liminality – liminal experience and liminal human beings in Angela Carter’s collection of stories The Bloody Chamber in an attempt to reveal the complexity of human – female and male – identity, its transformations and outcomes. In literary and cultural theory, liminality is defined as a “space or state which is situated in between other, usually more clearly defined, spaces, periods or identities.” Thus, liminal human beings do not have one form of existence, they are naturally ambiguous. In the stories, Carter investigates liminality through half-beings who represent two sides of personality which are at odds with each other and do not make a harmonious whole, as well as the image of the bloody chamber. Moreover, neither of the character’s states is fully accepted. Carter considers the ways how to deal with each of them in order to regain integrity of mind and claim their full humanity. Keywords: liminality, liminal experience, liminal human beings, half-beings, beasts, werewolves, vampires. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.16","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The present research aims at giving a quantitative and qualitative analysis of semantic and syntactic properties of prototypically different light verb constructions with the synonymous deverbal nouns chat, talk, and conversation in British English. The constructions under investigation are studied in terms of combinability with different light verbs, complementation patterns, and adjectival modification. Data for the analysis are collected from the British National Corpus (BNC). The study reveals that prototypically different types of light verb constructions behave in a similar way in terms of the researched aspects. However, significant differences can be found when the deverbal nouns under investigation combine with different light verbs. Keywords: light verb constructions, deverbal nouns, corpus-based analysis, semantic and syntactic properties, frequency analysis, complementation, modification. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.14
{"title":"Tekstyno duomenimis pagrįstas britų anglų kalbos konstrukcijų su veiksmažodiniais daiktavardžiais CHAT, TALK ir CONVERSATION tyrimas","authors":"Judita Giparaitė, Eglė Balčiūtė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.14","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The present research aims at giving a quantitative and qualitative analysis of semantic and syntactic properties of prototypically different light verb constructions with the synonymous deverbal nouns chat, talk, and conversation in British English. The constructions under investigation are studied in terms of combinability with different light verbs, complementation patterns, and adjectival modification. Data for the analysis are collected from the British National Corpus (BNC). The study reveals that prototypically different types of light verb constructions behave in a similar way in terms of the researched aspects. However, significant differences can be found when the deverbal nouns under investigation combine with different light verbs. Keywords: light verb constructions, deverbal nouns, corpus-based analysis, semantic and syntactic properties, frequency analysis, complementation, modification. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.14","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The current study is an attempt to identify similarities and differences of collocates with the headwords bachelor and viengungis in free word combinations and collocations of the English and Lithuanian languages and identify what the speaker’s attitudes they express concerning the referent. English and Lithuanian media corpora containing free word combinations and collocations with the headword bachelor / viengungis manifest more similarities than differences in terms of semantics and connotation of collocates. However, the number of negative collocates with the Lithuanian word viengungis is proportionally bigger than in English which shows a more negative attitude of Lithuanian society towards unmarried men, which is expressed through the media. Keywords: collocate, collocations, bachelor, semantics, discourse prosody, Lithuanian, English. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.15
{"title":"Diskurso prozodija: žodžio bachelor ir jo lietuviško atitikmens viengungis kolokatų semantika","authors":"Linas Selmistraitis","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The current study is an attempt to identify similarities and differences of collocates with the headwords bachelor and viengungis in free word combinations and collocations of the English and Lithuanian languages and identify what the speaker’s attitudes they express concerning the referent. English and Lithuanian media corpora containing free word combinations and collocations with the headword bachelor / viengungis manifest more similarities than differences in terms of semantics and connotation of collocates. However, the number of negative collocates with the Lithuanian word viengungis is proportionally bigger than in English which shows a more negative attitude of Lithuanian society towards unmarried men, which is expressed through the media. Keywords: collocate, collocations, bachelor, semantics, discourse prosody, Lithuanian, English. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.15","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choice of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute. Keywords: rhetoric, persuasion, eristic, eristic argumentation, political advertising. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.18
{"title":"Eristinis argumentavimas politinėje reklamoje","authors":"Skirmantė Biržietienė, Eglė Gabrėnaitė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choice of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute. Keywords: rhetoric, persuasion, eristic, eristic argumentation, political advertising. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.18","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] With a growing amount of artworks that reach the audience every day, reviews become a useful instrument in making a choice of what deserves our attention. The review is considered to be a type of discourse that, first and foremost, includes description, information and evaluation of the item under discussion. It is expected to present the reviewed work, to analyze and evaluate it following such criteria as the structure, authenticity, originality, artistic advantages and disadvantages. Different cultures have different traditions of writing reviews, and this paper looks at how English and Lithuanian art reviewers construct their texts, what elements are used in the structure of reviews in these two languages. The corpus of the research data contains art reviews on films and theatre performances of the early 1970s. Qualitative analysis is the key method in this work. Keywords: English art reviews, Lithuanian art reviews, elements of art reviews, the structure, traditions of writing a review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.17
{"title":"Angliškų ir lietuviškų meninių kūrinių recenzijų struktūriniai elementai","authors":"Jurgita Sriubaitė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] With a growing amount of artworks that reach the audience every day, reviews become a useful instrument in making a choice of what deserves our attention. The review is considered to be a type of discourse that, first and foremost, includes description, information and evaluation of the item under discussion. It is expected to present the reviewed work, to analyze and evaluate it following such criteria as the structure, authenticity, originality, artistic advantages and disadvantages. Different cultures have different traditions of writing reviews, and this paper looks at how English and Lithuanian art reviewers construct their texts, what elements are used in the structure of reviews in these two languages. The corpus of the research data contains art reviews on films and theatre performances of the early 1970s. Qualitative analysis is the key method in this work. Keywords: English art reviews, Lithuanian art reviews, elements of art reviews, the structure, traditions of writing a review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.17","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67244053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] The purpose of this article is to compare the generalities and differences between the one-word terms of the psychology textbooks for secondary schools written by Mecislovas Reinys and Alfonsas Gucas; to analyse the terms according to their origin, as well as to compare them with the current terminology. The terms are taken from Psichologijos vadovėlis (Psychology textbook) by M. Reinys and Psichologija (Psychology) by A. Gucas. The article consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, the generalities of psychology terms are examined according to their origin and relation to the current terminology of psychology. Firstly, terms of the Lithuanian origin are considered; after that, terms of the international origin are explored. The second chapter deals with the eight differences between the terminology of M. Reinys’ and A. Gucas’ textbooks. After examining all the terms of psychology textbooks of M. Reinys and A. Gucas, it is concluded that the generalities between these two textbooks rest on 49 terms of different origin: 32 of them are of the Lithuanian origin, and 17 of the international origin. A great part of generalities include Lithuanian terms that indicate emotions and feelings, sensations, memory, or expression of imagination. The biggest part of generalities of the international origin refer to the terms derived from the Latin or Greek languages, representing emotions and feelings, mental processes and character types. After examining the differences in the terminology of the textbooks, it can be stated that M. Reinys chooses Lithuanian terms more often. Explaining the concepts, he gives preference to Lithuanian terms and Lithuanian synonyms, i.e. they are presented two or more times. The terminology of the textbook written by A.Gucas is closer to the current one – the author more often uses terms of the international origin that are used today. The psychology works of M. Reinys and A. Gucas make the basis for the current terminology of psychology. The study of generalities and differences of the one-time terms in these textbooks reveals that the early terminology of psychology has changed insignificantly compared to the present one. On the whole, most of the analysed one-time terms of these two textbooks are used in current psychology works retaining the same meanings. Keywords: Mecislovas Reinys, Alfonsas Gucas, term of Lithuanian origin, term of international origin, psychological term, generality, difference. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.10
{"title":"Mečislovo Reinio ir Alfonso Gučo psichologijos vadovėlių vienažodžių terminų bendrybės ir skirtybės","authors":"Rita Katelytė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] The purpose of this article is to compare the generalities and differences between the one-word terms of the psychology textbooks for secondary schools written by Mecislovas Reinys and Alfonsas Gucas; to analyse the terms according to their origin, as well as to compare them with the current terminology. The terms are taken from Psichologijos vadovėlis (Psychology textbook) by M. Reinys and Psichologija (Psychology) by A. Gucas. The article consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, the generalities of psychology terms are examined according to their origin and relation to the current terminology of psychology. Firstly, terms of the Lithuanian origin are considered; after that, terms of the international origin are explored. The second chapter deals with the eight differences between the terminology of M. Reinys’ and A. Gucas’ textbooks. After examining all the terms of psychology textbooks of M. Reinys and A. Gucas, it is concluded that the generalities between these two textbooks rest on 49 terms of different origin: 32 of them are of the Lithuanian origin, and 17 of the international origin. A great part of generalities include Lithuanian terms that indicate emotions and feelings, sensations, memory, or expression of imagination. The biggest part of generalities of the international origin refer to the terms derived from the Latin or Greek languages, representing emotions and feelings, mental processes and character types. After examining the differences in the terminology of the textbooks, it can be stated that M. Reinys chooses Lithuanian terms more often. Explaining the concepts, he gives preference to Lithuanian terms and Lithuanian synonyms, i.e. they are presented two or more times. The terminology of the textbook written by A.Gucas is closer to the current one – the author more often uses terms of the international origin that are used today. The psychology works of M. Reinys and A. Gucas make the basis for the current terminology of psychology. The study of generalities and differences of the one-time terms in these textbooks reveals that the early terminology of psychology has changed insignificantly compared to the present one. On the whole, most of the analysed one-time terms of these two textbooks are used in current psychology works retaining the same meanings. Keywords: Mecislovas Reinys, Alfonsas Gucas, term of Lithuanian origin, term of international origin, psychological term, generality, difference. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.10","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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