What actions constitute the most cognitively salient examples of moral transgressions? Unfortunately, there are very few systematic attempts to study this question precisely. The present article aims to contribute to the literature on this question by presenting some preliminary data on what moral transgressions are most salient to Lithuanian participants. Study 1 adopts the cognitive anthropological method (free-listing) to uncover the most salient instances of moral transgressions among Lithuanians. Study 2 asks participants to categorize those actions in the light of Haidt’s Moral Foundations. Taken together, these studies provide some preliminary support to the idea that the most cognitively salient moral transgressions are characterized by their involving harm and, to a lesser extent, justice considerations. The results are discussed in the light of different theories about the scope of the moral domain.
{"title":"Thou Shalt not Kill, Steal, and Lie: A Preliminary Study on Cognitively Salient Moral Transgressions among Lithuanians","authors":"Renatas Berniūnas, V. Dranseika","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.19","url":null,"abstract":"What actions constitute the most cognitively salient examples of moral transgressions? Unfortunately, there are very few systematic attempts to study this question precisely. The present article aims to contribute to the literature on this question by presenting some preliminary data on what moral transgressions are most salient to Lithuanian participants. Study 1 adopts the cognitive anthropological method (free-listing) to uncover the most salient instances of moral transgressions among Lithuanians. Study 2 asks participants to categorize those actions in the light of Haidt’s Moral Foundations. Taken together, these studies provide some preliminary support to the idea that the most cognitively salient moral transgressions are characterized by their involving harm and, to a lesser extent, justice considerations. The results are discussed in the light of different theories about the scope of the moral domain.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current paper presents the analysis of passive constructions as means of impersonal presentation of facts in English quality press. The article gives the definition of the passive voice as a grammatical category and describes the use and purpose of impersonalization strategies. The data for the research were taken from The Financial Times (UK), the leading international English daily broadsheet newspaper, which has millions of both print and online subscribers worldwide. The articles on political, business, economic, and social issues were chosen on a random basis and scrutinized for passive constructions as a means of impersonal presentation of facts. 173 cases of impersonalization were chosen for the analysis. The most and least often used types of passive constructions were identified and compared. The results of the current study may be useful for editors, journalists, writers, as well as for further study of impersonalization strategies in the English language.
{"title":"Passive Voice as a Means of Impersonal Presentation of Facts in English Quality Press","authors":"Tatjana Dubovičienė, Pavel Skorupa","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.24","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper presents the analysis of passive constructions as means of impersonal presentation of facts in English quality press. The article gives the definition of the passive voice as a grammatical category and describes the use and purpose of impersonalization strategies. The data for the research were taken from The Financial Times (UK), the leading international English daily broadsheet newspaper, which has millions of both print and online subscribers worldwide. The articles on political, business, economic, and social issues were chosen on a random basis and scrutinized for passive constructions as a means of impersonal presentation of facts. 173 cases of impersonalization were chosen for the analysis. The most and least often used types of passive constructions were identified and compared. The results of the current study may be useful for editors, journalists, writers, as well as for further study of impersonalization strategies in the English language.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49635403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two different approaches towards Francis Bacon’s painting are analysed in the article: postmodern and phenomenological. The problematic and multiple status of such concepts as sensitive body, intensive sensation and the affect common for both Gilles Deleuze’s and Alphonso Lingis’ philosophy become most visible in regard to Bacon’s painting that displays the reality of the vulnerable and intensely affected body as his main subject. The article follows the main intrigue which inspires their studies, i.e. the article aims to explain what determines the suggestibility of Bacon’s canvas: is there the violence of line and colour, which negates the role of figuration (Deleuze) or the violence of life, that on the contrary, affirms representation (Lingis)? The author maintains that such different interpretations are determined by different notions of experience. Lingis emphasizes actual experience which allows to find the link between creation, lived body and life world, while Deleuze stresses virtual experience, impersonal life, body without organs and creation of new perspectives.
{"title":"Two Notions of Vulnerable and Intensely Affected Body: Gilles Deleuze and Alphonso Lingis","authors":"Laura Galvanauskienė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.16","url":null,"abstract":"Two different approaches towards Francis Bacon’s painting are analysed in the article: postmodern and phenomenological. The problematic and multiple status of such concepts as sensitive body, intensive sensation and the affect common for both Gilles Deleuze’s and Alphonso Lingis’ philosophy become most visible in regard to Bacon’s painting that displays the reality of the vulnerable and intensely affected body as his main subject. The article follows the main intrigue which inspires their studies, i.e. the article aims to explain what determines the suggestibility of Bacon’s canvas: is there the violence of line and colour, which negates the role of figuration (Deleuze) or the violence of life, that on the contrary, affirms representation (Lingis)? The author maintains that such different interpretations are determined by different notions of experience. Lingis emphasizes actual experience which allows to find the link between creation, lived body and life world, while Deleuze stresses virtual experience, impersonal life, body without organs and creation of new perspectives.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67242830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linguists are particularly interested in exploring how human emotions and feelings are expressed through or even shaped by metaphorical language. A highly sensitive discourse of illness is an area where metaphors play a significant role. Depression, being a very subjective and sensitive type of disease, appears to be an abstract notion and tends to be conceptualized metaphorically by sufferers. The present study aims at investigating metaphors for depression and its symptoms used by women in the Lithuanian social media discourse. The research was conducted within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis and was based on the data collected from Lithuanian social networking sites. The corpus of 22 694 words was compiled of posts written by women participants of groups for sufferers of depression. 184 metaphorical expressions were selected and then linked to a certain conceptual metaphor that they represent. The findings suggest that the most pervasive metaphors appear to belong to the containment metaphor group. Moreover, Lithuanian women tend to metaphorize a variety of depression symptoms among which anxiety is the most common one. Key words: conceptual metaphor, depression, metaphorical expression, social media discourse, containment metaphor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.28
{"title":"Moterų metaforinis depresijos suvokimas socialinių tinklų diskurse","authors":"Jekaterina Sumanova","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.28","url":null,"abstract":"Linguists are particularly interested in exploring how human emotions and feelings are expressed through or even shaped by metaphorical language. A highly sensitive discourse of illness is an area where metaphors play a significant role. Depression, being a very subjective and sensitive type of disease, appears to be an abstract notion and tends to be conceptualized metaphorically by sufferers. The present study aims at investigating metaphors for depression and its symptoms used by women in the Lithuanian social media discourse. The research was conducted within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis and was based on the data collected from Lithuanian social networking sites. The corpus of 22 694 words was compiled of posts written by women participants of groups for sufferers of depression. 184 metaphorical expressions were selected and then linked to a certain conceptual metaphor that they represent. The findings suggest that the most pervasive metaphors appear to belong to the containment metaphor group. Moreover, Lithuanian women tend to metaphorize a variety of depression symptoms among which anxiety is the most common one. Key words: conceptual metaphor, depression, metaphorical expression, social media discourse, containment metaphor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.28","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49361272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kalba ir tikrovė","authors":"Jūratė Baranova","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relation between the abyss of death and the human identity is constitutive for the thought of the dialogical thinkers Rosenzweig and Levinas. For Rosenzweig, the Nothing is the end point of Kantian thinking. Death, as the existential experience of this nothingness, was the reality of everyman during the violent decades at the turn of the century. Rosenzweig took this nothingness as the starting point for rethinking and safeguarding human identity. Human identity is a dam against nothingness. But human identity is also open to alterity. In his early texts, Levinas makes a similar move. The there is is the starting point of human identity. Levinas develops a dialectical phenomenology starting from death. Human identity is interpreted as hypostasis. But in Totalite et Infi ni, an important shift takes place. The starting point is now found in human identity as desire. The there is comes to the centre as the flip side of the elementale and human identity is interpreted as separation. Keywords: Rosenzweig, Star of Redemption, Levinas, Totality and Infi nity, human identity, nothingness, there is, hypostasis, separation, Kant, Nietzsche, Meinecke, Schelling. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.15
{"title":"„Nichts“ (Rosenzweig) ir „Il y a“ (Levinas) problema kaip asmens tapatumo koreliatyvumas","authors":"Luc Anckaert","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.15","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between the abyss of death and the human identity is constitutive for the thought of the dialogical thinkers Rosenzweig and Levinas. For Rosenzweig, the Nothing is the end point of Kantian thinking. Death, as the existential experience of this nothingness, was the reality of everyman during the violent decades at the turn of the century. Rosenzweig took this nothingness as the starting point for rethinking and safeguarding human identity. Human identity is a dam against nothingness. But human identity is also open to alterity. In his early texts, Levinas makes a similar move. The there is is the starting point of human identity. Levinas develops a dialectical phenomenology starting from death. Human identity is interpreted as hypostasis. But in Totalite et Infi ni, an important shift takes place. The starting point is now found in human identity as desire. The there is comes to the centre as the flip side of the elementale and human identity is interpreted as separation. Keywords: Rosenzweig, Star of Redemption, Levinas, Totality and Infi nity, human identity, nothingness, there is, hypostasis, separation, Kant, Nietzsche, Meinecke, Schelling. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.15","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contextualization of the Innerness in the Philosophy of the 20th Century and Personal Identity","authors":"Augustinas Dainys","doi":"10.15823/zz.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67242814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The position of Maironis (born Jonas Maciulis, 1862-1932) as the main classic author of Lithuanian literature in the interwar school curriculum emerged only at the end of the 1930s. One of the reasons for such a relatively late canonization in schools was the fact that the first histories of Lithuanian literature published before the restoration of Lithuanian statehood did not mention Maironis’ works. Starting in the mid-1930s, Maironis’s works, a collection of poems, Pavasario balsai (Voices of Spring), and a poem, Jaunoji Lietuva (Young Lithuania), were made mandatory in the curriculum of Lithuanian schools. After 1936, a poem Raseinių Magdė (Magdė from Raseiniai) was added to the list. The canonical status of Voices of Spring in the curriculum does not raise questions, since even before World War I Maironis has been recognized by critics as the most prominent poet of his generation. Meanwhile, his poems received a different welcome. It seems that Young Lithuania was added to the curriculum because of its historic role in reviving Lithuanian national awareness, while Magdė from Raseiniai was included in the list of mandatory works in pursuance of the reform of education which goal was to expand the number of literary works from the era of national revival and to strengthen nationality and patriotism in the school. The semantic axis of Maironis’ biographical narrative in curriculum is Lithuanianness with less emphasis on the vocation of a priest and poet. The specific presentation of Maironis’ biography in Lithuanian schools and the evaluation of his works were determined by general trends of the interwar Lithuanian culture. During that period, the national revival had taken a central place in collective memory, therefore the most prominent poet of that time, who made a significant contribution in reviving national feelings of general population, was first of all introduced to the students through his works’ social significance. Keywords: Maironis, literary canon in school curriculum, semantic canon, literary didactics, historical memory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.10
{"title":"Maironis tarpukario Lietuvos mokykloje","authors":"Viktorija Šeina","doi":"10.15823/zz.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"The position of Maironis (born Jonas Maciulis, 1862-1932) as the main classic author of Lithuanian literature in the interwar school curriculum emerged only at the end of the 1930s. One of the reasons for such a relatively late canonization in schools was the fact that the first histories of Lithuanian literature published before the restoration of Lithuanian statehood did not mention Maironis’ works. Starting in the mid-1930s, Maironis’s works, a collection of poems, Pavasario balsai (Voices of Spring), and a poem, Jaunoji Lietuva (Young Lithuania), were made mandatory in the curriculum of Lithuanian schools. After 1936, a poem Raseinių Magdė (Magdė from Raseiniai) was added to the list. The canonical status of Voices of Spring in the curriculum does not raise questions, since even before World War I Maironis has been recognized by critics as the most prominent poet of his generation. Meanwhile, his poems received a different welcome. It seems that Young Lithuania was added to the curriculum because of its historic role in reviving Lithuanian national awareness, while Magdė from Raseiniai was included in the list of mandatory works in pursuance of the reform of education which goal was to expand the number of literary works from the era of national revival and to strengthen nationality and patriotism in the school. The semantic axis of Maironis’ biographical narrative in curriculum is Lithuanianness with less emphasis on the vocation of a priest and poet. The specific presentation of Maironis’ biography in Lithuanian schools and the evaluation of his works were determined by general trends of the interwar Lithuanian culture. During that period, the national revival had taken a central place in collective memory, therefore the most prominent poet of that time, who made a significant contribution in reviving national feelings of general population, was first of all introduced to the students through his works’ social significance. Keywords: Maironis, literary canon in school curriculum, semantic canon, literary didactics, historical memory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.10","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67242929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims at describing and interpreting the first collection Vilniaus varpai (The Bells of Vilnius, 1943) by Kazys Bradūnas (1917–2009), one of the founders of the “Žemė” literary movement and the laureate of the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts (1992), and showing the significance of this book in author’s creative biography, in which Vilnius theme occupied a unique place. After the restoration of independence, Vilnius was the palace where the poet returned to live in 1994. It is important to note that the book was soon published for a second time in 1947 by “Patria Publishers” in a large volume of 3,300 copies. At the time, two other his collections, Pėdos arimuos (Footmarks in Plough) ir Svetimoji duona (Alien Bread), were already published. The Bells of Vilnius consists of seventeen sonnets, representing an emotional personal and national relationship of the whole generation with the recently regained capital of Lithuania. The symbolic leitmotiv, the bells, as well as the majestic beauty of Vilnius churches and the animated state of lyrical “I” create a sacred aura (poems “Cathedral,” “Gothic,” “Baroque,” “To Eternity,” and “In Rasos Cemetery”). The collection marks the beginning of Bradūnas’s poetic road, an individual interpretation of the city’s topicality, and a testimony to lasting links with the space. The goal of the article is to briefly discuss how the book coexists with the wider visual landscape of the city and its cultural artefacts, interpreted by various artists of different nationalities. Keywords: Kazys Bradūnas, Vilnius topicality, sonnets, city’s sacredness, literary context. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.8
本文旨在描述和解读“Žemė”文学运动创始人之一、立陶宛国家文化艺术奖得主Kazys Bradūnas(1917-2009)的第一部小集《维尔纽斯的钟声》(The Bells of Vilnius, 1943)，并展示这本书在作者创作传记中的重要意义，维尔纽斯主题在作者创作传记中占有独特的地位。恢复独立后，维尔纽斯是诗人于1994年返回居住的宫殿。值得注意的是，这本书很快在1947年由“帕特里亚出版社”第二次出版，大量出版了3300本。当时，他的另外两部作品集《Pėdos arimuos》(《犁上的脚印》)和《Svetimoji duona》(《外星面包》)已经出版。维尔纽斯的钟声由十七首十四行诗组成，代表了整个一代人与最近重新获得的立陶宛首都的情感个人和国家关系。象征性的主旋律、钟声、维尔纽斯教堂的雄伟之美，以及充满诗意的“我”创造了一种神圣的氛围(诗歌有“大教堂”、“哥特式”、“巴洛克”、“永恒”和“在拉索斯公墓”)。该系列标志着Bradūnas诗意之路的开始，是对城市话题性的个人诠释，也是与空间持久联系的见证。这篇文章的目的是简要讨论这本书如何与城市更广阔的视觉景观和文化文物共存，由不同国籍的艺术家来诠释。关键词:Kazys Bradūnas，维尔纽斯的话题性，十四行诗，城市的神圣性，文学语境。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.8
{"title":"Tikrovėje ir vaizduotėje išsuptas miestas. Skaitant Kazio Bradūno „Vilniaus varpus“","authors":"A. Kalėda","doi":"10.15823/zz.2017.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at describing and interpreting the first collection Vilniaus varpai (The Bells of Vilnius, 1943) by Kazys Bradūnas (1917–2009), one of the founders of the “Žemė” literary movement and the laureate of the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts (1992), and showing the significance of this book in author’s creative biography, in which Vilnius theme occupied a unique place. After the restoration of independence, Vilnius was the palace where the poet returned to live in 1994. It is important to note that the book was soon published for a second time in 1947 by “Patria Publishers” in a large volume of 3,300 copies. At the time, two other his collections, Pėdos arimuos (Footmarks in Plough) ir Svetimoji duona (Alien Bread), were already published. The Bells of Vilnius consists of seventeen sonnets, representing an emotional personal and national relationship of the whole generation with the recently regained capital of Lithuania. The symbolic leitmotiv, the bells, as well as the majestic beauty of Vilnius churches and the animated state of lyrical “I” create a sacred aura (poems “Cathedral,” “Gothic,” “Baroque,” “To Eternity,” and “In Rasos Cemetery”). The collection marks the beginning of Bradūnas’s poetic road, an individual interpretation of the city’s topicality, and a testimony to lasting links with the space. The goal of the article is to briefly discuss how the book coexists with the wider visual landscape of the city and its cultural artefacts, interpreted by various artists of different nationalities. Keywords: Kazys Bradūnas, Vilnius topicality, sonnets, city’s sacredness, literary context. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.8","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67243701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the role of the Lithuanian national poet, Jonas Maciulis-Maironis (1862–1932), in the transformations of ethnolinguistic nationalism in 1883-1895. During that period, Maironis was a member of a small group of young Catholic clergymen who chose to collaborate in the illegal press dominated by the nationalist intelligentsia. He regarded the nation and the country’s nationalist community as the greatest value. Maironis’ public activities and allegiance to informal groups are taken into account, as well as his first publications in the newspapers, Auszra and Szviesa (1885-1887). During that critical period, literary works were regarded as fitting substitutes for political declarations. The future founder of the Lithuanian lyrical canon, Maironis, was concerned about the formation of the elite “high culture.” However, he was also able to appeal to semiliterate masses of peasantry. Maironis emphasized the importance of fellowship and political unity at the time when ideological differentiation took place and modern style left- and right-wing political parties were established. Romantic nationalism and allusions to European (and from Russian point of view, pan-Slavic) Symbolism of “The Spring of Nations,” moderate social criticism, conservatism, and striving for compromise characterize the worldview of early Maironis. Keywords: Lithuanian press ban, ethnolinguistic nationalism, modernity, national revival, “The Spring of Nations,” Christianity, ideology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.9
{"title":"Maironio politinės pasaulėžiūros raiška ankstyvuoju tautinio sąjūdžio laikotarpiu","authors":"Manfredas Žvirgždas","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2017.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2017.9","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the role of the Lithuanian national poet, Jonas Maciulis-Maironis (1862–1932), in the transformations of ethnolinguistic nationalism in 1883-1895. During that period, Maironis was a member of a small group of young Catholic clergymen who chose to collaborate in the illegal press dominated by the nationalist intelligentsia. He regarded the nation and the country’s nationalist community as the greatest value. Maironis’ public activities and allegiance to informal groups are taken into account, as well as his first publications in the newspapers, Auszra and Szviesa (1885-1887). During that critical period, literary works were regarded as fitting substitutes for political declarations. The future founder of the Lithuanian lyrical canon, Maironis, was concerned about the formation of the elite “high culture.” However, he was also able to appeal to semiliterate masses of peasantry. Maironis emphasized the importance of fellowship and political unity at the time when ideological differentiation took place and modern style left- and right-wing political parties were established. Romantic nationalism and allusions to European (and from Russian point of view, pan-Slavic) Symbolism of “The Spring of Nations,” moderate social criticism, conservatism, and striving for compromise characterize the worldview of early Maironis. Keywords: Lithuanian press ban, ethnolinguistic nationalism, modernity, national revival, “The Spring of Nations,” Christianity, ideology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.9","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47802326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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