Light verb constructions have been studied in different languages and from different perspectives by a number of scholars. The present research focuses on the constructions with light verbs have, get, and take followed by deverbal nouns a bath and a rest and attempts to answer the questions to what extent light verbs have, take, and get are interchangeable when followed by the same deverbal nouns and what influences their choice. The study aims at giving a qualitative analysis of the structures in question in British English on the basis of corpus data. All the data for analysis are collected from the BNC corpus. Constructions have/take/get a bath and have/take/get a rest are investigated in terms of grammatical and lexical features which include morphological forms, immediate collocations of deverbal nouns, combinability patterns as well as distribution across registers. The analysis shows that light verbs have, take, and get could be interchangeable in some situations as they have similar morphological forms, combinability patterns, collocations with adjectives, but show some differences in expressing modality and the distribution across registers.
许多学者从不同的角度对不同语言的轻动词结构进行了研究。本研究主要关注轻动词have、get和take接述述名词a bath和a rest的结构，并试图回答轻动词have、take和get接述相同的述述名词时在多大程度上可以互换以及影响它们选择的因素。本研究旨在以语料库数据为基础，对英国英语中存在问题的结构进行定性分析。所有用于分析的数据均来自BNC语料库。研究了have/take/get a bath和have/take/get a rest这两种结构的语法和词汇特征，包括形态形式、指称名词的直接搭配、组合模式以及跨语域分布。分析表明，轻动词have、take和get具有相似的形态形式、组合模式和与形容词的搭配，在某些情况下可以互换，但在表达情态和跨语域分布上存在一定差异。
{"title":"A corpus-based analysis of the constructions have/take/get a bath and have/take/get a rest in British English","authors":"Judita Giparaitė","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.10","url":null,"abstract":"Light verb constructions have been studied in different languages and from different perspectives by a number of scholars. The present research focuses on the constructions with light verbs have, get, and take followed by deverbal nouns a bath and a rest and attempts to answer the questions to what extent light verbs have, take, and get are interchangeable when followed by the same deverbal nouns and what influences their choice. The study aims at giving a qualitative analysis of the structures in question in British English on the basis of corpus data. All the data for analysis are collected from the BNC corpus. Constructions have/take/get a bath and have/take/get a rest are investigated in terms of grammatical and lexical features which include morphological forms, immediate collocations of deverbal nouns, combinability patterns as well as distribution across registers. The analysis shows that light verbs have, take, and get could be interchangeable in some situations as they have similar morphological forms, combinability patterns, collocations with adjectives, but show some differences in expressing modality and the distribution across registers.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spread of French Language and Culture in Lithuania: History and Present","authors":"Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė, Vita Valiukienė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2015.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2015.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"94-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hope on God, but don’t Be at a Loss! (God and Religion in Russian Proverbs)","authors":"A. Zharkova","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ONSET of the word-initial syllables in English and Lithuanian has been investigated in the theoretical framework of Optimality Theory (1397 word-initial syllables in Lithuanian and the same number of word-initial syllables in English). The results of the investigation have shown that the Lithuanian language exhibits fewer cases of ONSET violations in word-initial syllable than the English language. Thus, the Lithuanian language is less marked in this respect. Accordingly, ONSET constraint in Lithuanian may prove to be occupying a higher position in the constraint hierarchy of the Lithuanian language. The hierarchy of constraints in syllable formation in Lithuanian is not established; the present investigation is a contribution towards this end.
{"title":"Violation of Onset Constraint in Word-Initial Syllable (Analysis in English and Lithuanian)","authors":"Edita Katinaitė-Kalčiūnienė","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.11","url":null,"abstract":"ONSET of the word-initial syllables in English and Lithuanian has been investigated in the theoretical framework of Optimality Theory (1397 word-initial syllables in Lithuanian and the same number of word-initial syllables in English). The results of the investigation have shown that the Lithuanian language exhibits fewer cases of ONSET violations in word-initial syllable than the English language. Thus, the Lithuanian language is less marked in this respect. Accordingly, ONSET constraint in Lithuanian may prove to be occupying a higher position in the constraint hierarchy of the Lithuanian language. The hierarchy of constraints in syllable formation in Lithuanian is not established; the present investigation is a contribution towards this end.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"23 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research was to determine linguistic means of gender representation in the Lithuanian, British and Argentinian EFL textbooks. To achieve the aim, EFL textbooks circulated in Lithuania (Super English 4), the UK (Speakout) and Argentina (My Life 2) were analyzed with regard to linguistic means of gender representation. The results revealed that the Lithuanian EFL textbook uses compound nouns and proverbs or sayings comprising a word man which is used in its generic meaning. Moreover, the analysis of verbs used to define gender in the British EFL textbook demonstrated that females are involved in more various mental processes in relation to males. In contrast, the Argentinian EFL textbook can be treated as the best-balanced textbook with regard to gender-biased use of language. Further studies can examine other aspects of gender representation and cover wider range of EFL textbooks.
{"title":"Linguistic Realization of Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks","authors":"Evelina Brusokaitė, Daiva Verikaitė Gaigalienė","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to determine linguistic means of gender representation in the Lithuanian, British and Argentinian EFL textbooks. To achieve the aim, EFL textbooks circulated in Lithuania (Super English 4), the UK (Speakout) and Argentina (My Life 2) were analyzed with regard to linguistic means of gender representation. The results revealed that the Lithuanian EFL textbook uses compound nouns and proverbs or sayings comprising a word man which is used in its generic meaning. Moreover, the analysis of verbs used to define gender in the British EFL textbook demonstrated that females are involved in more various mental processes in relation to males. In contrast, the Argentinian EFL textbook can be treated as the best-balanced textbook with regard to gender-biased use of language. Further studies can examine other aspects of gender representation and cover wider range of EFL textbooks.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67241172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Straipsnyje aptariami svarbiausi ekolingvistinio požiūrio į kalbos mokymą aspektai ir sąsajos su specialybės kalbos mokymu bei jo turinio atnaujimu. Tyrimu, kuris grindžiamas ekolingvistinėmis prielaidomis, siekta atskleisti, kaip Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Aplinkos inžinerijos, Elektronikos ir Statybos fakultetų magistrantai vertina specialybės kalbos kultūros mokymo turinį ir kokios yra jo tobulinimo galimybės. Teorinės literatūros apžvalga ir kiekybinis tyrimas atskleidė, kad, mokant specialybės kalbos kultūros, siekiant, kad kurso turinys atitiktų studentų, o vėliau – ir darbuotojų poreikius, reikia ne tik įvertinti mokymo(si) patirtį, tirti studentų nuomone, bet ir analizuoti kalbos aplinką, nuolat reaguoti į globalizacijos nulemtus visuomenės pokycius. Esminiai žodžiai: akademinė ir darbo aplinka, ekolingvistika, mokymo turinio kaita, specialybės kalbos mokymo turinys. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.16
{"title":"Specialybės kalbos mokymo turinio atnaujinimo poreikis ir galimybės aukštojoje technikos mokykloje","authors":"V. Buivydienė, Lina Rutkienė","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2015.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2015.16","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje aptariami svarbiausi ekolingvistinio požiūrio į kalbos mokymą aspektai ir sąsajos su specialybės kalbos mokymu bei jo turinio atnaujimu. Tyrimu, kuris grindžiamas ekolingvistinėmis prielaidomis, siekta atskleisti, kaip Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Aplinkos inžinerijos, Elektronikos ir Statybos fakultetų magistrantai vertina specialybės kalbos kultūros mokymo turinį ir kokios yra jo tobulinimo galimybės. Teorinės literatūros apžvalga ir kiekybinis tyrimas atskleidė, kad, mokant specialybės kalbos kultūros, siekiant, kad kurso turinys atitiktų studentų, o vėliau – ir darbuotojų poreikius, reikia ne tik įvertinti mokymo(si) patirtį, tirti studentų nuomone, bet ir analizuoti kalbos aplinką, nuolat reaguoti į globalizacijos nulemtus visuomenės pokycius. Esminiai žodžiai: akademinė ir darbo aplinka, ekolingvistika, mokymo turinio kaita, specialybės kalbos mokymo turinys. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.16","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary. J. R. R. Tolkien was a philologist for over 40 years, and a professor and researcher of Anglo-Saxon and related old Northern European languages at Oxford University. Tolkien’s research into old languages, his delight in individual words – especially names, and his application of his specialty in Old English were addressed in his scholarship and lectures, and also incorporated in his mythology and stories of Middle-earth. Tolkien’s application of academic philological research gives a feel of familiarity and authenticity to many of the peoples and cultures of Middle-earth. Tolkien thought this was especially the case in his creation of names, place-names, and fantastic creatures, as well as in the depictions of certain cultural practices. He applied his expertise in the direct use of Old English and Old Norse, both in known words, and in the philological methods of deriving modern equivalents. Ents, orcs, hobbits, mathoms, smials, eored, etc., all come from Old English. He also ap plied his research into Old Norse and Gothic by infusing into his mythology of Middle-earth certain aspects of ancient northern European culture, ethics, and worldview, notably from Beowulf , the Elder Edda, and other poems, sagas, and legends . I show that he worked in three ways: first, from extant words in the early Germanic languages to the creatures and names of Middle-earth; second, using the rules of comparative philology to constructions that solved philological puzzles or contradictions; and third, from using episodes, themes and other descriptive motifs from the early medieval literature in appropriate contexts in Middle-earth. Finally, I conclude that hobbits, as anachronisms in Middle-earth, are images of modern readers of the medieval literature, and metaphorically open that literature to us.
{"title":"Old English, Old Norse, Gothic: Sources of Inspiration and Creativity for J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings","authors":"S. Robbins","doi":"10.15823/ZZ.2015.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ZZ.2015.12","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. J. R. R. Tolkien was a philologist for over 40 years, and a professor and researcher of Anglo-Saxon and related old Northern European languages at Oxford University. Tolkien’s research into old languages, his delight in individual words – especially names, and his application of his specialty in Old English were addressed in his scholarship and lectures, and also incorporated in his mythology and stories of Middle-earth. Tolkien’s application of academic philological research gives a feel of familiarity and authenticity to many of the peoples and cultures of Middle-earth. Tolkien thought this was especially the case in his creation of names, place-names, and fantastic creatures, as well as in the depictions of certain cultural practices. He applied his expertise in the direct use of Old English and Old Norse, both in known words, and in the philological methods of deriving modern equivalents. Ents, orcs, hobbits, mathoms, smials, eored, etc., all come from Old English. He also ap plied his research into Old Norse and Gothic by infusing into his mythology of Middle-earth certain aspects of ancient northern European culture, ethics, and worldview, notably from Beowulf , the Elder Edda, and other poems, sagas, and legends . I show that he worked in three ways: first, from extant words in the early Germanic languages to the creatures and names of Middle-earth; second, using the rules of comparative philology to constructions that solved philological puzzles or contradictions; and third, from using episodes, themes and other descriptive motifs from the early medieval literature in appropriate contexts in Middle-earth. Finally, I conclude that hobbits, as anachronisms in Middle-earth, are images of modern readers of the medieval literature, and metaphorically open that literature to us.","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Scientific Conference \"Lithuanian and Polish Bilingual Writers. The Issue of Bilingualism in Lithuanian and Polish Culture\"","authors":"A. Baranov, Halina Turkevič","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Praesens Historicum or Dramatic Present? Terminology and Pragmatics of Present Forms in a Translated Narrative","authors":"A. Urzha","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"77-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67240041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Language of Rusyns of Vojvodina in Terms of Different Ways of Ukrainian Literary Language Development in 18–20th Centuries","authors":"O. Beley","doi":"10.15823/zz.2015.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30077,"journal":{"name":"Zmogus ir Zodis","volume":"17 1","pages":"6-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67241573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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