Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.977
B. Bösel
The article draws a comparison between some motifs in the writings of Gunther Anders and Catherine Malabou. It begins with an outline of Malabou’s concept of (neuro)plasticity and its three main aspects and focuses on the importance of the notion of destructiveness as emphasised by the philosopher’s insistence on neurodegenerative maladies and sociopolitical trauma. Her notion of disaffection as a necessary component of plasticity is then paralleled to Anders’ critical engagement with modern technology and its tendency towards the destruction of humanity. His argument that the atom bomb forces us to realize that our ability to produce is so much greater than our abilities to imagine and to feel led him to a short but very dense discussion of what he called the “plasticity of feelings”, a notion that he developed alongside the visionary assertion of a historicity of feelings in general. In somewhat similar fashion to Malabou, Anders wants to sharpen our consciousness of the plasticity of feelings in order to make us feel the necessary amount of fear of our own potential destructiveness – and thus of the very real possibility that our affectivity might come to its own end. Malabou as well as Anders thus propose to take upon us an engagement with what usually is deemed “negative affect”, in order to counter the risk of a complete and final negation of affect.
{"title":"Was tun mit unseren Gefühlen? Zur destruktiven Plastizität bei Günther Anders und Catherine Malabou","authors":"B. Bösel","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.977","url":null,"abstract":"The article draws a comparison between some motifs in the writings of Gunther Anders and Catherine Malabou. It begins with an outline of Malabou’s concept of (neuro)plasticity and its three main aspects and focuses on the importance of the notion of destructiveness as emphasised by the philosopher’s insistence on neurodegenerative maladies and sociopolitical trauma. Her notion of disaffection as a necessary component of plasticity is then paralleled to Anders’ critical engagement with modern technology and its tendency towards the destruction of humanity. His argument that the atom bomb forces us to realize that our ability to produce is so much greater than our abilities to imagine and to feel led him to a short but very dense discussion of what he called the “plasticity of feelings”, a notion that he developed alongside the visionary assertion of a historicity of feelings in general. In somewhat similar fashion to Malabou, Anders wants to sharpen our consciousness of the plasticity of feelings in order to make us feel the necessary amount of fear of our own potential destructiveness – and thus of the very real possibility that our affectivity might come to its own end. Malabou as well as Anders thus propose to take upon us an engagement with what usually is deemed “negative affect”, in order to counter the risk of a complete and final negation of affect.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.978
Andreas Beinsteiner
In the face of recent developments concerning the public sphere (post-truth, fake news etc.), enthusiasm about the emancipatory potential of the internet and web 2.0 in particular has drastically decreased. The article re-reads two critiques of the media-based public sphere that do not focus on the dichotomy of one-to-many and many-to-many communication but address the fundamental question of what can become articulated in the public sphere in the first place: Gunther Anders’ concept of the matrix and Martin Heidegger’s notion of idle talk, which both deal with the dominance of stereotypes in public discourse. By relating those ideas to post-foundational political theory and to new realism in philosophy, the article discusses whether it is plausible to attribute recent problems of the public sphere to an unrestricted antagonism of interpretations. Contrary to the claims of new realism, it will be argued, in view of the surface pluralisation of postmodernity, public discourse is in need of in-depth pluralisation.
{"title":"Matrize und Gerede: Potentiale der Kritik medialer Öffentlichkeit bei Anders und Heidegger im Spannungsfeld von Postfundamentalismus und neuem Realismus","authors":"Andreas Beinsteiner","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.978","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of recent developments concerning the public sphere (post-truth, fake news etc.), enthusiasm about the emancipatory potential of the internet and web 2.0 in particular has drastically decreased. The article re-reads two critiques of the media-based public sphere that do not focus on the dichotomy of one-to-many and many-to-many communication but address the fundamental question of what can become articulated in the public sphere in the first place: Gunther Anders’ concept of the matrix and Martin Heidegger’s notion of idle talk, which both deal with the dominance of stereotypes in public discourse. By relating those ideas to post-foundational political theory and to new realism in philosophy, the article discusses whether it is plausible to attribute recent problems of the public sphere to an unrestricted antagonism of interpretations. Contrary to the claims of new realism, it will be argued, in view of the surface pluralisation of postmodernity, public discourse is in need of in-depth pluralisation.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"40-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.6094/behemoth.2018.11.1.979
Christian Bauer
The following contribution analyzes the generalizability of the Eatherly case. The starting point of my account is a reconstruction of Anders’ thesis that this case is a pars pro toto for the fate of modern man given the domination of technology. The central motif is that of becoming guiltlessly guilty in the age of distant effect technology. Eatherly who had given the go ahead-signal for dropping the bomb over Hiroshima exemplifies the tragedy of an epoch in which man can become a mass murderer by doing routine jobs. Triggering signal chains man causes effects for that he cannot assume responsibility. The correspondence is to be read as an exemplum that such generalizable problems are in need of a public discussion.
{"title":"Schuldlos schuldig im Zeitalter technischer Fernwirkungen. Über die Generalisierbarkeit des Falles Eatherly","authors":"Christian Bauer","doi":"10.6094/behemoth.2018.11.1.979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/behemoth.2018.11.1.979","url":null,"abstract":"The following contribution analyzes the generalizability of the Eatherly case. The starting point of my account is a reconstruction of Anders’ thesis that this case is a pars pro toto for the fate of modern man given the domination of technology. The central motif is that of becoming guiltlessly guilty in the age of distant effect technology. Eatherly who had given the go ahead-signal for dropping the bomb over Hiroshima exemplifies the tragedy of an epoch in which man can become a mass murderer by doing routine jobs. Triggering signal chains man causes effects for that he cannot assume responsibility. The correspondence is to be read as an exemplum that such generalizable problems are in need of a public discussion.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"56-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41548147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.980
L. Wolff
{"title":"Andreas Folkers: Das Sicherheitsdispositiv der Resilienz. Katastrophische Risiken und die Biopolitik vitaler Systeme","authors":"L. Wolff","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"73-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.964
C. Dries
{"title":"Editorial: Günther Anders aktuell","authors":"C. Dries","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2018.11.1.964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.944
Hannah Fitsch, Hanna Meissner
This paper focuses on instrument-based productions of in/visibilities (for instance in processes of digital brain imaging) as specific socio-cultural practices contingent on historical epistemic conditions. Situating the calculation and formalization central to these epistemic conditions of knowledge production in historical processes of abstraction and formalization foundational for modern capitalist sociality and subjectivity allows to problematize specific relation of subject and object (as subjectified objectivity) inherent to this historical constellation. Turning to Karen Barad’s proposal of agential realism, we argue that her notion of agential realism offers possibilities of integrating knowledge of sociality and subjectivity as subject-specific to scientific knowledge production. We insist, however, on the importance of an analytical distinction between human and non-human agency in processes of knowing in order to grasp their specific subject-object relations (and inversions) as contingent and thus open to ethical questions and political (re )configuration.
{"title":"Das An- und Fürsich apparativer Sichtbarmachungen. Ein historisch-kritischer Blick auf digitale Materialität","authors":"Hannah Fitsch, Hanna Meissner","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on instrument-based productions of in/visibilities (for instance in processes of digital brain imaging) as specific socio-cultural practices contingent on historical epistemic conditions. Situating the calculation and formalization central to these epistemic conditions of knowledge production in historical processes of abstraction and formalization foundational for modern capitalist sociality and subjectivity allows to problematize specific relation of subject and object (as subjectified objectivity) inherent to this historical constellation. Turning to Karen Barad’s proposal of agential realism, we argue that her notion of agential realism offers possibilities of integrating knowledge of sociality and subjectivity as subject-specific to scientific knowledge production. We insist, however, on the importance of an analytical distinction between human and non-human agency in processes of knowing in order to grasp their specific subject-object relations (and inversions) as contingent and thus open to ethical questions and political (re )configuration.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"74-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.943
Andreas Folkers
This paper analyses the problem of integrating volatile renewable energies into the electricity system from an onto-topological perspective. It introduces the notion onto-topology by engaging with a series of approaches – from STS, Anthropology, Foucault and especially Heidegger – that seek to analyze existing ontologies understood as specific ways of assembling being(s). The onto-topological approach emphasizes ontological pluralism and concentrates on conflicts between intersecting modes of existence. The difficulties in integrating electricity from renewable sources like wind power and photovoltaic into the electricity grid without compromising the grid’s stability stem from such a conflict. Whereas conventional power stations produce electricity on demand and therefore make up being as „standing reserve“ (Heidegger), volatile renewable energies belong to an ontological constellation characterized by the play of presence and absence. The paper analyses the various technologies for the secure integration of renewables – network expansion, storage, prognosis, informatics – as an equally profane and ontological security dispositive that transforms wind and sun into ubiquitous and continuous presence and thereby secures “the ground” of the modern, techno-capitalist world.
{"title":"Die Onto-Topologie der Energiewende - Volatile Ströme, endliche Energien und die Sicherung des Bestandes","authors":"Andreas Folkers","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.943","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the problem of integrating volatile renewable energies into the electricity system from an onto-topological perspective. It introduces the notion onto-topology by engaging with a series of approaches – from STS, Anthropology, Foucault and especially Heidegger – that seek to analyze existing ontologies understood as specific ways of assembling being(s). The onto-topological approach emphasizes ontological pluralism and concentrates on conflicts between intersecting modes of existence. The difficulties in integrating electricity from renewable sources like wind power and photovoltaic into the electricity grid without compromising the grid’s stability stem from such a conflict. Whereas conventional power stations produce electricity on demand and therefore make up being as „standing reserve“ (Heidegger), volatile renewable energies belong to an ontological constellation characterized by the play of presence and absence. The paper analyses the various technologies for the secure integration of renewables – network expansion, storage, prognosis, informatics – as an equally profane and ontological security dispositive that transforms wind and sun into ubiquitous and continuous presence and thereby secures “the ground” of the modern, techno-capitalist world.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44049400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.942
K. Hoppe
In debates on new materialisms, politics is usually discussed with a reference to the distinction between political materiality and material politics. The former expresses the description of matter as agentic, that is, as political in the sense that it stabilizes and destabilizes social phenomena. In contrast, the latter formulates programs for a politics and in some cases political systems that take the material and non-human actors into account. It is important to see, however, that many positions within the heterogeneous new materialisms not only engage with politics but also with ethics. The article explores how the relation between politics and ethics is thought in two conceptions: the micropolitics of Rosi Braidotti and the cosmopolitics of Isabelle Stengers. In a consideration of their accounts the article carves out a perspective of a politics of response as programmatic in new materialisms. This positive reference to a responding in and with the world is a productive orientation for a post-anthropocentric politics. The notion of response, however, also tends to a possessive gesture that fails in theorizing antagonisms. This tendency prospectively should be addressed from a radical democratic perspective.
{"title":"Politik der Antwort. Zum Verhältnis von Politik und Ethik in Neuen Materialismen","authors":"K. Hoppe","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.942","url":null,"abstract":"In debates on new materialisms, politics is usually discussed with a reference to the distinction between political materiality and material politics. The former expresses the description of matter as agentic, that is, as political in the sense that it stabilizes and destabilizes social phenomena. In contrast, the latter formulates programs for a politics and in some cases political systems that take the material and non-human actors into account. It is important to see, however, that many positions within the heterogeneous new materialisms not only engage with politics but also with ethics. The article explores how the relation between politics and ethics is thought in two conceptions: the micropolitics of Rosi Braidotti and the cosmopolitics of Isabelle Stengers. In a consideration of their accounts the article carves out a perspective of a politics of response as programmatic in new materialisms. This positive reference to a responding in and with the world is a productive orientation for a post-anthropocentric politics. The notion of response, however, also tends to a possessive gesture that fails in theorizing antagonisms. This tendency prospectively should be addressed from a radical democratic perspective.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"10-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.949
Sabine Maasen
As a result of increasing data production and usage, computerization, and medialization, we as individuals are increasingly woven into a socio-technological ecology. At present, neurotechnologies as different as brain-machine interfaces, neurofeedback systems, and neuro-gadgets, become part of this ecology. Moreover, they give rise to a new milieu of subjectification, characterized by continuous neuro-techno-medial interfacings. In a cybernetic manner, they contribute to re-articulating selves and sociality in events and processes of intra-action (Karen Barad). In this view, the ongoing configuration (Lucy Suchman) of material bodies, brain currents, and information are analyzed so as to reveal the assembling of neurotechnologized selves. Thus informed by new materialism, the study will briefly explore neuroprostheses, neurofeedback systems, and EEG-headbands for different intra-actions in the interior of the subjectivation milieu: Taken together, they testify to current ways of correlating (media) technologies, (neuroprosthetic) things, (living) substances, and (medical) discourses as constitutive elements of emerging milieus of neuro-techno-medial subjectification.
{"title":"Neuroprothesen, Neurofeedback, Neurogadgets. Zur Subjektivierung mit Neuro-Objekten","authors":"Sabine Maasen","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.949","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of increasing data production and usage, computerization, and medialization, we as individuals are increasingly woven into a socio-technological ecology. At present, neurotechnologies as different as brain-machine interfaces, neurofeedback systems, and neuro-gadgets, become part of this ecology. Moreover, they give rise to a new milieu of subjectification, characterized by continuous neuro-techno-medial interfacings. In a cybernetic manner, they contribute to re-articulating selves and sociality in events and processes of intra-action (Karen Barad). In this view, the ongoing configuration (Lucy Suchman) of material bodies, brain currents, and information are analyzed so as to reveal the assembling of neurotechnologized selves. Thus informed by new materialism, the study will briefly explore neuroprostheses, neurofeedback systems, and EEG-headbands for different intra-actions in the interior of the subjectivation milieu: Taken together, they testify to current ways of correlating (media) technologies, (neuroprosthetic) things, (living) substances, and (medical) discourses as constitutive elements of emerging milieus of neuro-techno-medial subjectification.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"154-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.948
Benjamin Lipp
In Science & Technology Studies and Media Studies, materiality has been predominantly conceptualized as a stabilizing factor in processes of social ordering. Here, Karen Barad’s agential realism offers a different notion of materiality emphasizing the open, eventful, and potentially destabilizing effects of matter. With regard to this theoretical tension the present article argues that especially the case of social robotics in elderly care renders visible the fragility of technological interconnecting, thus requiring a new conceptualization of materiality within thoroughly technologized society. In order to achieve this, the article proposes an ‘analytics of interfacing’ accounting for the eventful material conditions of technological interconnecting. By synthesizing Barad’s account of ‘intraaction’ and Gilbert Simondon’s notion of ‘disposability’ such an analytics focuses on the procedural modalities by which techno-scientific regimes render hetergeneous entities disposable for one another, thus interfacing them. This is demonstrated by the case of prototypical user experiments of roboticized care within the context of European innovation politics.
{"title":"Analytik des Interfacing. Zur Materialität technologischer Verschaltung in prototypischen Milieus robotisierter Pflege","authors":"Benjamin Lipp","doi":"10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6094/BEHEMOTH.2017.10.1.948","url":null,"abstract":"In Science & Technology Studies and Media Studies, materiality has been predominantly conceptualized as a stabilizing factor in processes of social ordering. Here, Karen Barad’s agential realism offers a different notion of materiality emphasizing the open, eventful, and potentially destabilizing effects of matter. With regard to this theoretical tension the present article argues that especially the case of social robotics in elderly care renders visible the fragility of technological interconnecting, thus requiring a new conceptualization of materiality within thoroughly technologized society. In order to achieve this, the article proposes an ‘analytics of interfacing’ accounting for the eventful material conditions of technological interconnecting. By synthesizing Barad’s account of ‘intraaction’ and Gilbert Simondon’s notion of ‘disposability’ such an analytics focuses on the procedural modalities by which techno-scientific regimes render hetergeneous entities disposable for one another, thus interfacing them. This is demonstrated by the case of prototypical user experiments of roboticized care within the context of European innovation politics.","PeriodicalId":30203,"journal":{"name":"Behemoth a Journal on Civilisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"107-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45534415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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