Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112656
Yutian Jiao, Yu Liu, Gongli Wei, Ce Wang, Baocai Xu, Li Zhao
In this study, we present an amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe based on tetraphenylbenzene. The probe exhibited sensitive and selective detection of protamine through a “turn-on” fluorescence signal driven by electrostatic binding. A linear correlation was established between fluorescence intensity and protamine concentration in the range of 0.8–3 μg/mL in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.65 ng/mL. Protamine detection was successfully demonstrated in a 0.3 % serum sample. Additionally, the electrostatic probe–protamine complex was able to detect heparin owing to the strong affinity between protamine and heparin, which was confirmed through a “turn-off” fluorescence response. The probe's sensitivity and selectivity for heparin detection were validated, with an LOD of 8.83 ng/mL and a linear working range of 1.0–2.2 μg/mL in HEPES buffer.
{"title":"A novel tetraphenylbenzene-derived fluorescent probe for the detection of protamine and heparin","authors":"Yutian Jiao, Yu Liu, Gongli Wei, Ce Wang, Baocai Xu, Li Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present an amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe based on tetraphenylbenzene. The probe exhibited sensitive and selective detection of protamine through a “turn-on” fluorescence signal driven by electrostatic binding. A linear correlation was established between fluorescence intensity and protamine concentration in the range of 0.8–3 μg/mL in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.65 ng/mL. Protamine detection was successfully demonstrated in a 0.3 % serum sample. Additionally, the electrostatic probe–protamine complex was able to detect heparin owing to the strong affinity between protamine and heparin, which was confirmed through a “turn-off” fluorescence response. The probe's sensitivity and selectivity for heparin detection were validated, with an LOD of 8.83 ng/mL and a linear working range of 1.0–2.2 μg/mL in HEPES buffer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nucleolus has emerged as a promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy, with its imaging being crucial for both fundamental research and clinical applications. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for this purpose. However, its use is limited by the scarcity of fluorescent agents that specifically target the nucleolus and have excellent biocompatibility. Carbon dots (CDs) are becoming a valuable tool for cellular imaging because of their excellent optical properties and low toxicity. In this work, for the first time, ultra-narrow bandwidth emission CDs were synthesized with nicotinamide (NAM) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) for nucleolus imaging. The reaction was carried out at 180 °C for 8 h in a stainless-steel autoclave, using a facile, low-cost, and one-step solvothermal approach with H2O/H2SO4 as solvent. Prepared CDs emit red emission at 617 nm with an ultra-narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 28.1 nm and quantum yield (QY) of 13 %. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that CDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with MCF-7 breast cancer cells, even at concentrations as high as 4.5 mg/mL. Finally, fixed and live cell imaging results indicate that prepared CDs show bright red fluorescence in the nucleoli of MCF-7 cells. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of prepared CDs in nucleolus imaging, offering a convenient and promising fluorescent probe that can be used for fixed and live cell nucleolus imaging.
{"title":"Simple and user-friendly nucleolus imaging with ultra-narrow bandwidth red emission carbon dots","authors":"Seyed-Omid Kalji , Majid Sadeghizadeh , Khosro Khajeh","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nucleolus has emerged as a promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy, with its imaging being crucial for both fundamental research and clinical applications. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for this purpose. However, its use is limited by the scarcity of fluorescent agents that specifically target the nucleolus and have excellent biocompatibility. Carbon dots (CDs) are becoming a valuable tool for cellular imaging because of their excellent optical properties and low toxicity. In this work, for the first time, ultra-narrow bandwidth emission CDs were synthesized with nicotinamide (NAM) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) for nucleolus imaging. The reaction was carried out at 180 °C for 8 h in a stainless-steel autoclave, using a facile, low-cost, and one-step solvothermal approach with H<sub>2</sub>O/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as solvent. Prepared CDs emit red emission at 617 nm with an ultra-narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 28.1 nm and quantum yield (QY) of 13 %. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that CDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with MCF-7 breast cancer cells, even at concentrations as high as 4.5 mg/mL. Finally, fixed and live cell imaging results indicate that prepared CDs show bright red fluorescence in the nucleoli of MCF-7 cells. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of prepared CDs in nucleolus imaging, offering a convenient and promising fluorescent probe that can be used for fixed and live cell nucleolus imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112653
Hai-Han Liu, Zhong-Min Su, Hong-Liang Xu
A series of clam-shaped supramolecules (AEM@2, AEM = Be, Mg and Ca) were designed and investigated on the basis of the "clam shell" (2) composed of two corannulene units (1). Among these structures, the novel structure-property relationships of Ca@2 might stem from the extraordinary interaction between Ca and the two "shell" fragments. Through structural optimization and multiple analyses, it is revealed that there is a novel interaction existing between Ca and the host in Ca@2. The natural population analyze (NPA) and the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) revealed that the charge transfer causes Ca to acquire the charge qM of +1.80, thus facilitating the formation of the organic salt Ca2⁺@22⁻ with a cation-π interaction. In comparison to other structures, Ca2⁺@22⁻ exhibits a significant second-order nonlinear optical response. Additionally, various properties such as the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis, the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) have been investigated. This study may provide a basis for exploring a new and promising area of research in designing high performance electro-optical materials.
{"title":"Construction and electro-optical property of the clam-shaped supramolecule with cation-π interaction","authors":"Hai-Han Liu, Zhong-Min Su, Hong-Liang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of clam-shaped supramolecules (AEM@<strong>2</strong>, AEM = Be, Mg and Ca) were designed and investigated on the basis of the \"clam shell\" (<strong>2</strong>) composed of two corannulene units (<strong>1</strong>). Among these structures, the novel structure-property relationships of Ca@<strong>2</strong> might stem from the extraordinary interaction between Ca and the two \"shell\" fragments. Through structural optimization and multiple analyses, it is revealed that there is a novel interaction existing between Ca and the host in Ca@<strong>2</strong>. The natural population analyze (NPA) and the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) revealed that the charge transfer causes Ca to acquire the charge q<sub>M</sub> of +1.80, thus facilitating the formation of the organic salt Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺@<strong>2</strong><sup>2</sup>⁻ with a cation-π interaction. In comparison to other structures, Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺@<strong>2</strong><sup>2</sup>⁻ exhibits a significant second-order nonlinear optical response. Additionally, various properties such as the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis, the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) have been investigated. This study may provide a basis for exploring a new and promising area of research in designing high performance electro-optical materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112658
Beatriz S. Cugnasca , Tharcísio C.T. Junior , Tatiana C. Penna , Norma L.B. Zuluaga , Silvina O. Bustos , Roger Chammas , Iolanda M. Cuccovia , Thiago C. Correra , Alcindo A. Dos Santos
Biothiols like cysteine and glutathione are involved in maintaining redox balance in living organisms and perform essential functions in pathological and physiological processes. Depending on the concentration they can be regarded as biomarkers for oxidative stress and be associated with diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunctions, among others. Herein, we report a synthetic route for a Seleno-BODIPY to act as a fluorescent probe by reaction with biological thiols in living cells. The probe presented high selectivity for biothiols between 26 analytes of biological interest. Distinct responses for Cys and GSH by colorimetric and fluorometric analysis in a turn-on fluorescent process were observed, with low detection limits (61.18 nM for Cys; 1.66 μM for GSH), ratiometric response by absorption for Cys, high fluorescence quantum yield after reaction (88.1 % for Cys and 31.8 % for GSH), high sensitivity, and fast response time for Cys. A mechanistic investigation was conducted, using N-ethylmaleimide as a thiol trapper. This strategy allowed us to conclude that the reaction between BODIPY and Cys gave an amino-BODIPY while the analogous reaction with GSH results in a thio-BODIPY with different spectral shifts, making possible the distinction and quantification of both analytes by fluorescence. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the reaction with Cys is much faster than with GSH, allowing them to be differentiated. A pH study showed that the probe behaves well at a physiological pH range (6.2–8.0). Finally, the Se-BODIPY was successfully used to detect biothiols in HeLa cells, demonstrating the sensor applicability in real systems, presenting high potential for both diagnostics and analytical (bio)chemistry areas.
{"title":"Seleno-BODIPY as a fluorescent sensor for differential and highly selective detection of Cysteine and Glutathione for bioimaging in HeLa cells","authors":"Beatriz S. Cugnasca , Tharcísio C.T. Junior , Tatiana C. Penna , Norma L.B. Zuluaga , Silvina O. Bustos , Roger Chammas , Iolanda M. Cuccovia , Thiago C. Correra , Alcindo A. Dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biothiols like cysteine and glutathione are involved in maintaining redox balance in living organisms and perform essential functions in pathological and physiological processes. Depending on the concentration they can be regarded as biomarkers for oxidative stress and be associated with diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunctions, among others. Herein, we report a synthetic route for a Seleno-BODIPY to act as a fluorescent probe by reaction with biological thiols in living cells. The probe presented high selectivity for biothiols between 26 analytes of biological interest. Distinct responses for Cys and GSH by colorimetric and fluorometric analysis in a turn-on fluorescent process were observed, with low detection limits (61.18 nM for Cys; 1.66 μM for GSH), ratiometric response by absorption for Cys, high fluorescence quantum yield after reaction (88.1 % for Cys and 31.8 % for GSH), high sensitivity, and fast response time for Cys. A mechanistic investigation was conducted, using <em>N</em>-ethylmaleimide as a thiol trapper. This strategy allowed us to conclude that the reaction between BODIPY and Cys gave an amino-BODIPY while the analogous reaction with GSH results in a thio-BODIPY with different spectral shifts, making possible the distinction and quantification of both analytes by fluorescence. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the reaction with Cys is much faster than with GSH, allowing them to be differentiated. A pH study showed that the probe behaves well at a physiological pH range (6.2–8.0). Finally, the Se-BODIPY was successfully used to detect biothiols in HeLa cells, demonstrating the sensor applicability in real systems, presenting high potential for both diagnostics and analytical (bio)chemistry areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112649
Maynne Duarte Suriani Franco , Thibault Joseph William Jacques Dit Lapierre , Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho , Naiara Cristina Bessas , Mayara Martins Caetano , Thiago Teixeira Tasso , Marcelo Emílio Beletti , Renata Galvão de Lima , Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior , Tayana Mazin Tsubone
Designing photosensitizers (PS) with ideal properties for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) remains challenging, but crucial for advancing PDT as a viable anticancer treatment. Combining porphyrin with potent anticancer agents, such as piperazine and morpholine groups, has the potential to give rise to innovative photosensitizers that exhibit heightened PDT effects in cancer cells. Herein, we present two novel molecules bearing piperazine (PpIX-Pip) or morpholine (PpIX-Morp) groups conjugated to Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), describing their photophysical and photodynamic characteristics. Analysis of the photophysical properties revealed similar fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes between PpIX and the conjugated molecules. The PpIX-Pip showed higher production of singlet oxygen and better interaction with HSA in comparison to PpIX-Morp. Cellular uptake assays revealed a greater incorporation rate for PpIX-Pip (37 %) compared to PpIX-Morp (29 %) in HeLa cells. Essentially, both PpIX derivatives exhibited superior uptake efficiencies compared to PpIX alone (17 %). The descending order of IC50 values was PpIX > PpIX-Morp > PpIX-Pip, indicating that the introduction of piperazine and morpholine groups to PpIX elevated the toxicity in HeLa cells. When comparing IC50 values obtained under irradiation to the dark control, it was observed that PpIX-Pip demonstrated higher phototoxic effect (phototherapeutic index, PI > 5), whereas PpIX-Morp exhibits medium phototoxicity towards HeLa cells (PI > 2). Among the newly studied porphyrins, PpIX-Pip displayed a higher singlet oxygen generation rate, and improved cellular uptake as well as lower value of IC50 in the light. This is the first report highlighting the PDT activity of PpIX modified with the N-methylpiperazine group. Our findings open avenues for the design and development of photosensitizers linked to anticancer agent moieties, encompassing groups like piperazine and morpholine.
{"title":"Protoporphyrin IX conjugated to piperazine or morpholine: Photophysical properties and photodynamic activity","authors":"Maynne Duarte Suriani Franco , Thibault Joseph William Jacques Dit Lapierre , Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho , Naiara Cristina Bessas , Mayara Martins Caetano , Thiago Teixeira Tasso , Marcelo Emílio Beletti , Renata Galvão de Lima , Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior , Tayana Mazin Tsubone","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing photosensitizers (PS) with ideal properties for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) remains challenging, but crucial for advancing PDT as a viable anticancer treatment. Combining porphyrin with potent anticancer agents, such as piperazine and morpholine groups, has the potential to give rise to innovative photosensitizers that exhibit heightened PDT effects in cancer cells. Herein, we present two novel molecules bearing piperazine (PpIX-Pip) or morpholine (PpIX-Morp) groups conjugated to Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), describing their photophysical and photodynamic characteristics. Analysis of the photophysical properties revealed similar fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes between PpIX and the conjugated molecules. The PpIX-Pip showed higher production of singlet oxygen and better interaction with HSA in comparison to PpIX-Morp. Cellular uptake assays revealed a greater incorporation rate for PpIX-Pip (37 %) compared to PpIX-Morp (29 %) in HeLa cells. Essentially, both PpIX derivatives exhibited superior uptake efficiencies compared to PpIX alone (17 %). The descending order of IC<sub>50</sub> values was PpIX > PpIX-Morp > PpIX-Pip, indicating that the introduction of piperazine and morpholine groups to PpIX elevated the toxicity in HeLa cells. When comparing IC<sub>50</sub> values obtained under irradiation to the dark control, it was observed that PpIX-Pip demonstrated higher phototoxic effect (phototherapeutic index, PI > 5), whereas PpIX-Morp exhibits medium phototoxicity towards HeLa cells (PI > 2). Among the newly studied porphyrins, PpIX-Pip displayed a higher singlet oxygen generation rate, and improved cellular uptake as well as lower value of IC<sub>50</sub> in the light. This is the first report highlighting the PDT activity of PpIX modified with the <em>N</em>-methylpiperazine group. Our findings open avenues for the design and development of photosensitizers linked to anticancer agent moieties, encompassing groups like piperazine and morpholine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112657
Yang Yang , Xiaoyong Chen , Jiajie Wu , Zeyu Zhang , Bin Qin
Single component and one precursor based white-light carbon dots (SO-WCDs) from solvent-free technique are tremendous potential in white light LED(WLED) lighting. However, no relating work is reported up to now. Using N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as only precursor, we achieved, for the first time, the SO-WCDs by the solvent-free technique. Our SO-WCDs exhibit impressively fluorescent/phosphorescent dual emission and warm (in solid state)/cold (in liquid state) dual mode white light. The warm white light has a low correlated color temperature (CCT = 3765 K) and high color rendering index (CRI = 90.6), making it suitable for natural light-like WLEDs. Based on control experiments and instrumental analysis, it is proposed that the warm white light originated from synergistical contribution of the inherent fluorescence from carbon cores, the red shifted fluorescence from aggregation-induced effect (AIR) and the phosphorescence from carbon cores, while the cold white light from the inherent fluorescence from carbon cores and the red shifted fluorescence from AIR. Our work has provided a new solution for cold/warm white lighting production and further promoted the rapid and large-scale industrial preparation of the single-component white CDs.
{"title":"Fluorescence/phosphorescence dual emissive, single-component dual state (solid/liquid) white-lighting-emission CDs from one precursor-based solvent-free technique","authors":"Yang Yang , Xiaoyong Chen , Jiajie Wu , Zeyu Zhang , Bin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single component and one precursor based white-light carbon dots (SO-WCDs) from solvent-free technique are tremendous potential in white light LED(WLED) lighting. However, no relating work is reported up to now. Using N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as only precursor, we achieved, for the first time, the SO-WCDs by the solvent-free technique. Our SO-WCDs exhibit impressively fluorescent/phosphorescent dual emission and warm (in solid state)/cold (in liquid state) dual mode white light. The warm white light has a low correlated color temperature (CCT = 3765 K) and high color rendering index (CRI = 90.6), making it suitable for natural light-like WLEDs. Based on control experiments and instrumental analysis, it is proposed that the warm white light originated from synergistical contribution of the inherent fluorescence from carbon cores, the red shifted fluorescence from aggregation-induced effect (AIR) and the phosphorescence from carbon cores, while the cold white light from the inherent fluorescence from carbon cores and the red shifted fluorescence from AIR. Our work has provided a new solution for cold/warm white lighting production and further promoted the rapid and large-scale industrial preparation of the single-component white CDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112652
Banti Baishya , Amit Kumar Pradhan , Abhijit Paul , Arghyadeep Bhattacharyya , Homen Dahal , Mrinmoy Roy , Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar , Manoj Kumar Paul
New azo-functionalized symmetrical liquid crystal dimers linked by flexible methylene ether spacers were synthesized. The achiral four-ring rod-shaped monomer comprises a 4-n-nonyloxy terminal chain containing imine, ester, and photochromic azo groups as linking moieties. The lateral methyl group is introduced in the monomeric units to reduce the phase transition temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to assess the thermal stability of the azo-functionalized dimers. The thermal stability of the dimers increased with increasing spacer lengths. Azo functionalized dimers display a wide range of enantiotropic nematic phases. The azo-functionalized dimers (BDAN-n) were fluorescent with large Stokes shift. The bi-exponential model successfully fitted the emission lifetime decays, yielding two lifetime components τ1 = 0.8–1.0 ns and τ2 = 1.5–2.3 ns. The photoisomerization of the azo-functionalized dimers under ultraviolet irradiation showed a conversion efficiency that diminished as the alkylene spacer length increased. Computational studies confirmed the stable geometries and chemical reactivity of the dimers.
{"title":"New azo-functionalized symmetrical liquid crystal dimers: Synthesis, photophysical studies, mesomorphism and DFT studies","authors":"Banti Baishya , Amit Kumar Pradhan , Abhijit Paul , Arghyadeep Bhattacharyya , Homen Dahal , Mrinmoy Roy , Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar , Manoj Kumar Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New azo-functionalized symmetrical liquid crystal dimers linked by flexible methylene ether spacers were synthesized. The achiral four-ring rod-shaped monomer comprises a 4-<em>n</em>-nonyloxy terminal chain containing imine, ester, and photochromic azo groups as linking moieties. The lateral methyl group is introduced in the monomeric units to reduce the phase transition temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to assess the thermal stability of the azo-functionalized dimers. The thermal stability of the dimers increased with increasing spacer lengths. Azo functionalized dimers display a wide range of enantiotropic nematic phases. The azo-functionalized dimers (<strong>BDAN-n)</strong> were fluorescent with large Stokes shift. The bi-exponential model successfully fitted the emission lifetime decays, yielding two lifetime components τ<sub>1</sub> = 0.8–1.0 ns and τ<sub>2</sub> = 1.5–2.3 ns. The photoisomerization of the azo-functionalized dimers under ultraviolet irradiation showed a conversion efficiency that diminished as the alkylene spacer length increased. Computational studies confirmed the stable geometries and chemical reactivity of the dimers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112651
Daniel Jiménez-Desmond , José Santiago Pozo-Antonio , Anna Arizzi
Outdoor exposed wall paintings are highly vulnerable to decay from environmental factors such as solar radiation, humidity, and soluble salts. These factors can also affect the chromatic reintegrations in wall paintings. However, little research has been conducted on their durability. Therefore, a novel approach has been carried out by exploring the use of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of nano-sized silica as a binder in chromatic reintegrations under different environments. Thus, the binder was mixed with pigments (silicate-, oxide- and sulphide-based ones) to evaluate the influence of their chemical nature on the durability. Also, the paint mock-ups were exposed for one year to outdoor Csb- and Dsa-type environments (Köppen-Geiger climate classification system), in which moisture, temperature, rainfall and proximity to the sea differ considerably. Colour and gloss were measured before and after exposure. The paint samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical and scanning electron microscopies. After exposure, colour stability was highly influenced by the chemical nature of the pigments. A calcium-rich layer developed on all the mock-ups, together with other deposits, whose extent was highly influenced by the exposure conditions. Oxide-based pigments provided the best results, followed by the blue silicate-based ones. In contrast, sulphide-based and green earth-based pigments suffered substantial paint loss and colour changes. The different performance of the paintings was due to the affinity of the pigments with the binder and their predisposition to form bonds with hydroxyl (–OH), silanol (Si–OH) and siloxane (Si–O–Si) groups.
{"title":"Outdoor durability of nano-sized silica-based chromatic reintegrations. Influence of exposure conditions and pigment composition","authors":"Daniel Jiménez-Desmond , José Santiago Pozo-Antonio , Anna Arizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outdoor exposed wall paintings are highly vulnerable to decay from environmental factors such as solar radiation, humidity, and soluble salts. These factors can also affect the chromatic reintegrations in wall paintings. However, little research has been conducted on their durability. Therefore, a novel approach has been carried out by exploring the use of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of nano-sized silica as a binder in chromatic reintegrations under different environments. Thus, the binder was mixed with pigments (silicate-, oxide- and sulphide-based ones) to evaluate the influence of their chemical nature on the durability. Also, the paint mock-ups were exposed for one year to outdoor <em>Csb</em>- and <em>Dsa</em>-type environments (Köppen-Geiger climate classification system), in which moisture, temperature, rainfall and proximity to the sea differ considerably. Colour and gloss were measured before and after exposure. The paint samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical and scanning electron microscopies. After exposure, colour stability was highly influenced by the chemical nature of the pigments. A calcium-rich layer developed on all the mock-ups, together with other deposits, whose extent was highly influenced by the exposure conditions. Oxide-based pigments provided the best results, followed by the blue silicate-based ones. In contrast, sulphide-based and green earth-based pigments suffered substantial paint loss and colour changes. The different performance of the paintings was due to the affinity of the pigments with the binder and their predisposition to form bonds with hydroxyl (–OH), silanol (Si–OH) and siloxane (Si–O–Si) groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112650
Mohsin Ali , Chao Zhou , Zhenbo Gao , Guorun Fan , Jun Ren , Erfei Wang , Feiyi Wang
Biothiols (Cys/Hcy/GSH) have emerged as prime biomarker of cancer benefiting in the recent research playing a source of detection via fluorescence imaging. Pre-eminent present-day tools for biothiol detection are fluorescent probes that overcome the limitations of conventional detection methods by dispensing high selectivity, admiring sensitivity, low background-to-noise ratio, low anti-interference, and quick low-cost detection. Here, we report a freshly synthesized red-emitting BD-MSN fluorescent scaffold for the efficient in vivo detection of endogenous biothiols (Cys/Hcy/GSH) in living HeLa cancer cells and zebrafish larvae possessing the aforementioned features along with high water solubility, excellent biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. The reported probe has been amalgamated by the courtesy of nucleophilic substitution reactions that ensure biothiols-influenced hypersensitive detachment of functional group (BD) from the fluorophore (MSN-OH) offering strong red fluorescence emission at 635 nm. Moreover, successful in vitro and in vivo trials prove that BD-MSN can potentially be utilized for cancer detection in living organisms.
{"title":"Sensitive fluorescent probe for monitoring and bioimaging biothiols in living systems","authors":"Mohsin Ali , Chao Zhou , Zhenbo Gao , Guorun Fan , Jun Ren , Erfei Wang , Feiyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biothiols (Cys/Hcy/GSH) have emerged as prime biomarker of cancer benefiting in the recent research playing a source of detection via fluorescence imaging. Pre-eminent present-day tools for biothiol detection are fluorescent probes that overcome the limitations of conventional detection methods by dispensing high selectivity, admiring sensitivity, low background-to-noise ratio, low anti-interference, and quick low-cost detection. Here, we report a freshly synthesized red-emitting BD-MSN fluorescent scaffold for the efficient in vivo detection of endogenous biothiols (Cys/Hcy/GSH) in living HeLa cancer cells and zebrafish larvae possessing the aforementioned features along with high water solubility, excellent biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. The reported probe has been amalgamated by the courtesy of nucleophilic substitution reactions that ensure biothiols-influenced hypersensitive detachment of functional group (BD) from the fluorophore (MSN-OH) offering strong red fluorescence emission at 635 nm. Moreover, successful in vitro and in vivo trials prove that BD-MSN can potentially be utilized for cancer detection in living organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 112650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive amnestic cognitive deteriorating neurodegenerative disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has a very high catalytic hydrolysis efficiency, which can rapidly hydrolyze acetylcholine into choline, playing a critical role in regulating the nervous system. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe capable of quantitatively detecting AChE called ACP. Most strikingly, an extremely low detection limit of 0.341U/mL is far superior to those of many probes. The approach of utilizing ACP enabled us to swiftly identify and track real-time alterations in intracellular AChE levels. Additionally, our study marks the pioneering use of ACP in effectively detecting an increase in AChE expression in C. elegans and mice models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In conclusion, this study provides a new tool for quantitatively detecting AChE levels and shows great potential for application in AChE-related studies.
{"title":"Rational design of fast-responding and highly selective fluorescent probes for detecting and imaging acetylcholinesterase homeostatic changes in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Inam Ullah , Chenrun Zhang , Yiwen Shao, Jiawen Shen, Hai-Liang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive amnestic cognitive deteriorating neurodegenerative disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has a very high catalytic hydrolysis efficiency, which can rapidly hydrolyze acetylcholine into choline, playing a critical role in regulating the nervous system. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe capable of quantitatively detecting AChE called <strong>ACP</strong>. Most strikingly, an extremely low detection limit of 0.341U/mL is far superior to those of many probes. The approach of utilizing <strong>ACP</strong> enabled us to swiftly identify and track real-time alterations in intracellular AChE levels. Additionally, our study marks the pioneering use of <strong>ACP</strong> in effectively detecting an increase in AChE expression in <em>C. elegans</em> and mice models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In conclusion, this study provides a new tool for quantitatively detecting AChE levels and shows great potential for application in AChE-related studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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