Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113572
Dan He, Nuo Chen, Linwei Xie, Yahui Bai, Zhihui Lin, Qi Ai, Fuwen Zhao
The high synthesis complexity and production costs of organic photovoltaic materials hinder the commercial viability of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two novel non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), A1C4 and A1C6 with simple molecular structure, were designed and synthesized by short synthetic route. After blended with the polymer electron donor PBDB-T, A1C6 forms a finer phase separation, leading to lower trap density and suppressed charge recombination. Thus, PBDB-T:A1C6 based OSCs exhibit enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transport. Consequently, PBDB-T:A1C6-based OSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.73 %, significantly outperforming A1C4-based devices (9.95 %). Furthermore, ternary OSCs based on D18:L8-BO:A1C6 provide a striking PCE as high as 19.40 %, which is among the highest values for OSCs involving NFREAs. This work indicates that fine-tuning alkyl side-chain length is an effective and easily accessible strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of NFREAs, providing a viable pathway toward the commercialization of OSCs.
{"title":"Investigating the effect of side chain lengths on photovoltaic performance of non-fused ring electron acceptors","authors":"Dan He, Nuo Chen, Linwei Xie, Yahui Bai, Zhihui Lin, Qi Ai, Fuwen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high synthesis complexity and production costs of organic photovoltaic materials hinder the commercial viability of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two novel non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), <strong>A1C4</strong> and <strong>A1C6</strong> with simple molecular structure, were designed and synthesized by short synthetic route. After blended with the polymer electron donor <strong>PBDB-T</strong>, <strong>A1C6</strong> forms a finer phase separation, leading to lower trap density and suppressed charge recombination. Thus, <strong>PBDB-T</strong>:<strong>A1C6</strong> based OSCs exhibit enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transport. Consequently, <strong>PBDB-T</strong>:<strong>A1C6</strong>-based OSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.73 %, significantly outperforming <strong>A1C4</strong>-based devices (9.95 %). Furthermore, ternary OSCs based on <strong>D18</strong>:<strong>L8-BO</strong>:<strong>A1C6</strong> provide a striking PCE as high as 19.40 %, which is among the highest values for OSCs involving NFREAs. This work indicates that fine-tuning alkyl side-chain length is an effective and easily accessible strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of NFREAs, providing a viable pathway toward the commercialization of OSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113568
Jinye He , Yuan Zhou , Tiantian Wang , Jianhong Wei , Pengzhi Guo , Chenglong Wang , Yangjun Xia
A series of novel dual-state luminescent (DSE) polymers were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction, and their optical properties and potential applications as color conversion materials in agriculture were studied. A series of characterizations prove that the synthesized DSE polymer has excellent color conversion ability and good luminescence properties. The prepared light conversion agent was doped into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the optical conversion film was prepared by adjusting the doping amount, and its optical properties were analyzed. The results show that the light conversion film not only has good performance of converting ultraviolet light into blue light (400–480 nm), but also has good light transmittance for blue light and red-orange light (600–700 nm), which is beneficial to plant growth. The efficiency of plants using light energy is significantly improved, which is expected to greatly improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture.
{"title":"Dual-state emissive and UV-shielding light conversion agents for agriculture","authors":"Jinye He , Yuan Zhou , Tiantian Wang , Jianhong Wei , Pengzhi Guo , Chenglong Wang , Yangjun Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel dual-state luminescent (DSE) polymers were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction, and their optical properties and potential applications as color conversion materials in agriculture were studied. A series of characterizations prove that the synthesized DSE polymer has excellent color conversion ability and good luminescence properties. The prepared light conversion agent was doped into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the optical conversion film was prepared by adjusting the doping amount, and its optical properties were analyzed. The results show that the light conversion film not only has good performance of converting ultraviolet light into blue light (400–480 nm), but also has good light transmittance for blue light and red-orange light (600–700 nm), which is beneficial to plant growth. The efficiency of plants using light energy is significantly improved, which is expected to greatly improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113561
Qing-ya Sun , Jia-xue Huang , Yu-xuan Li , Zheng-guang Sun , Xuan-feng Jiang
Tuning the electronic structure of organic dye photocatalysts is essential for boosting their performance in photocatalytic organic transformations. In this work, we synthesized two pyridine-based organic dye photocatalysts, TPA-by and TPE-by, via Suzuki coupling. Featuring donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated architectures, these pyridine-containing emissive molecules exhibit strong electronic excitation and favorable redox properties. In acetonitrile, the fluorescence lifetimes of TPA-by and TPE-by were measured as 4.97 ns and 4.26 ns, corresponding to optical band gaps (Eg) of 2.51 eV and 2.73 eV, respectively. The pronounced D-A character significantly enhances their photocatalytic activity. Under mild conditions, TPA-by and TPE-by achieve high efficiencies of 97 % and 95 %, respectively, in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine. Their performance is comparable to that of conventional polymer and metal-complex catalysts, while benefiting from milder reaction conditions and faster kinetics. Moreover, both catalysts retain around 90 % efficiency after multiple reuse cycles. Mechanistic investigations, including quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated via an energy transfer (ET) pathway, which subsequently drive the coupling reaction through substrate redox processes. This work establishes a practical design strategy for developing efficient and stable organic photocatalysts, while also providing important mechanistic knowledge that broadens their potential application scope.
{"title":"Chromophore-dependent photocatalytic benzylamine coupling mediated by organic dye molecules","authors":"Qing-ya Sun , Jia-xue Huang , Yu-xuan Li , Zheng-guang Sun , Xuan-feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuning the electronic structure of organic dye photocatalysts is essential for boosting their performance in photocatalytic organic transformations. In this work, we synthesized two pyridine-based organic dye photocatalysts, <strong>TPA-by</strong> and <strong>TPE-by</strong>, via Suzuki coupling. Featuring donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated architectures, these pyridine-containing emissive molecules exhibit strong electronic excitation and favorable redox properties. In acetonitrile, the fluorescence lifetimes of <strong>TPA-by</strong> and <strong>TPE-by</strong> were measured as 4.97 ns and 4.26 ns, corresponding to optical band gaps (E<sub>g</sub>) of 2.51 eV and 2.73 eV, respectively. The pronounced D-A character significantly enhances their photocatalytic activity. Under mild conditions, <strong>TPA-by</strong> and <strong>TPE-by</strong> achieve high efficiencies of 97 % and 95 %, respectively, in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine. Their performance is comparable to that of conventional polymer and metal-complex catalysts, while benefiting from milder reaction conditions and faster kinetics. Moreover, both catalysts retain around 90 % efficiency after multiple reuse cycles. Mechanistic investigations, including quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated via an energy transfer (ET) pathway, which subsequently drive the coupling reaction through substrate redox processes. This work establishes a practical design strategy for developing efficient and stable organic photocatalysts, while also providing important mechanistic knowledge that broadens their potential application scope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113566
Xiaoyan Wang , Wenqin Hong , Zheng Zhang , Changhai Xu , Guowei Xiao , Jinmei Du
In consideration of the excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance of meta-aramid (PMIA), it is a promising candidate to use it to prepare photochromic materials to cope with color response challenges in extreme environments. However, the rigid benzene ring structure and strong hydrogen bonding result in the rigidity of PMIA, which limits their applications. In this study, two monomer units with the same ether bond and different side groups (CH3 and CF3) were introduced into the main chain of PMIA molecules to improve their flexibility. At the same time, 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives (DBDB) which had good compatibility with PMIA were co mixed to prepare two flexible photochromic PMIA (FPMIA and HPMIA). Compared with PMIA, the elastic modulus of FPMIA and HPMIA decreased by 29.09 % and 19.19 %, respectively, and the glass transition temperature were reduced to 262 and 267 °C, which reflected that the synergistic effect of ether bond and side group units made the polymer molecular chain more flexible. In addition, FPMIA and HPMIA had optical transparency of 89.5 % and 89.2 %, respectively, and exhibited reversible photochromic behavior. Meanwhile, the influence of FPMIA and HPMIA aggregate structure on color response was studied. This work provides a new perspective for the development of high-performance processable flexible PMIA, which can help to expand their potential applications in information storage, optics and anti-counterfeiting.
{"title":"Photochromic meta-aromatic polyamide films with flexibility and high transparency by synergistic regulation of ether bonds and side groups","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang , Wenqin Hong , Zheng Zhang , Changhai Xu , Guowei Xiao , Jinmei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In consideration of the excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance of meta-aramid (PMIA), it is a promising candidate to use it to prepare photochromic materials to cope with color response challenges in extreme environments. However, the rigid benzene ring structure and strong hydrogen bonding result in the rigidity of PMIA, which limits their applications. In this study, two monomer units with the same ether bond and different side groups (CH<sub>3</sub> and CF<sub>3</sub>) were introduced into the main chain of PMIA molecules to improve their flexibility. At the same time, 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives (DBDB) which had good compatibility with PMIA were co mixed to prepare two flexible photochromic PMIA (FPMIA and HPMIA). Compared with PMIA, the elastic modulus of FPMIA and HPMIA decreased by 29.09 % and 19.19 %, respectively, and the glass transition temperature were reduced to 262 and 267 °C, which reflected that the synergistic effect of ether bond and side group units made the polymer molecular chain more flexible. In addition, FPMIA and HPMIA had optical transparency of 89.5 % and 89.2 %, respectively, and exhibited reversible photochromic behavior. Meanwhile, the influence of FPMIA and HPMIA aggregate structure on color response was studied. This work provides a new perspective for the development of high-performance processable flexible PMIA, which can help to expand their potential applications in information storage, optics and anti-counterfeiting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113565
Mingyao Shen , Jiamin Wu , Simin Zhang , Jindou Zou , Yi Zhou , Heyang Li , Tao Yu
Organic photochromic materials undergo reversible color changes upon exposure to specific wavelengths of light and have found numerous applications, including photoswitches and information storage. Triarylethylene derivatives are a promising class of organic photochromic systems due to their simple synthesis and impressive performance. However, the relationships between the construction of intermolecular interactions and photochromic properties remain unclear. Herein, three triarylethylene derivatives with different electron-withdrawing groups, namely TrPE-o-Ph, TrPE-o-PhF, and TrPE-o-PhCF3, were designed and synthesized. Detailed photochromic studies show that all three compounds display rapid photoresponse, high photobleaching rates, and good fatigue resistance in both crystalline and amorphous powders. Notably, TrPE-o-PhCF3 demonstrates superior saturated absorption and much longer thermal decoloration time compared to the other two derivatives. Single-crystal analysis shows that TrPE-o-PhCF3 adopts two distinct conformations in the packing patterns, with unique dimers formed via C–H⋯F intermolecular hydrogen bonds, providing increased space for conrotatory cyclization and stability of the closed form during coloration. This design strategy of modulating intermolecular interactions to enhance photochromic properties offers a new approach to developing advanced triarylethylene photochromic materials.
{"title":"Enhancing photochromic properties of triphenylethylene derivatives via the modulation of intermolecular interactions","authors":"Mingyao Shen , Jiamin Wu , Simin Zhang , Jindou Zou , Yi Zhou , Heyang Li , Tao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic photochromic materials undergo reversible color changes upon exposure to specific wavelengths of light and have found numerous applications, including photoswitches and information storage. Triarylethylene derivatives are a promising class of organic photochromic systems due to their simple synthesis and impressive performance. However, the relationships between the construction of intermolecular interactions and photochromic properties remain unclear. Herein, three triarylethylene derivatives with different electron-withdrawing groups, namely TrPE-<em>o</em>-Ph, TrPE-<em>o</em>-PhF, and TrPE-<em>o</em>-PhCF<sub>3</sub>, were designed and synthesized. Detailed photochromic studies show that all three compounds display rapid photoresponse, high photobleaching rates, and good fatigue resistance in both crystalline and amorphous powders. Notably, TrPE-<em>o</em>-PhCF<sub>3</sub> demonstrates superior saturated absorption and much longer thermal decoloration time compared to the other two derivatives. Single-crystal analysis shows that TrPE-<em>o</em>-PhCF<sub>3</sub> adopts two distinct conformations in the packing patterns, with unique dimers formed <em>via</em> C–H⋯F intermolecular hydrogen bonds, providing increased space for conrotatory cyclization and stability of the closed form during coloration. This design strategy of modulating intermolecular interactions to enhance photochromic properties offers a new approach to developing advanced triarylethylene photochromic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113564
Sha Li, Yaqi Li, Qianqian Lin, Wei Wen, Xinyu Xu
Hydrazine (N2H4) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutant commonly found in industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, and contaminated soil, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Here, we introduce a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (SO) for quick, selective, and visual detection of N2H4 in complex environmental amples. The probe demonstrates an ultra-sensitive red-to-blue fluorescence shift (from 626 nm to 472 nm) when reacting with N2H4 through a nucleophilic addition and cleavage mechanism, with a detection limit of 24 nM. Because of the presence of molecular rotors, SO shows a good linear relationship with viscosity at 626 nm. To support real-world on-site testing, portable solid-state test strips and cotton swabs were created by loading SO onto filter paper and cotton materials. These devices displayed noticeable color changes visible to the naked eye within 1 min. Its practical use has been confirmed with real environmental samples. Rapid and sensitive visual detection of N2H4 was performed in various water sources, soil samples, plant tissues (such as bean sprouts and leaves). In addition, the sensing platform was successfully extended to monitor food freshness by detecting spoilage related volatile biogenic amines and to develop smart gloves for tactile contamination screening. This work offers a low-cost, equipment-free, and fast sensing platform for reliable hydrazine monitoring, with strong potential for environmental risk assessments and pollution management.
{"title":"Portable fluorescent probe for on-site visual detection and quantification of hydrazine and viscosity in environmental and food samples","authors":"Sha Li, Yaqi Li, Qianqian Lin, Wei Wen, Xinyu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrazine (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutant commonly found in industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, and contaminated soil, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Here, we introduce a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (<strong>SO</strong>) for quick, selective, and visual detection of N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> in complex environmental amples. The probe demonstrates an ultra-sensitive red-to-blue fluorescence shift (from 626 nm to 472 nm) when reacting with N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> through a nucleophilic addition and cleavage mechanism, with a detection limit of 24 nM. Because of the presence of molecular rotors, <strong>SO</strong> shows a good linear relationship with viscosity at 626 nm. To support real-world on-site testing, portable solid-state test strips and cotton swabs were created by loading <strong>SO</strong> onto filter paper and cotton materials. These devices displayed noticeable color changes visible to the naked eye within 1 min. Its practical use has been confirmed with real environmental samples. Rapid and sensitive visual detection of N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> was performed in various water sources, soil samples, plant tissues (such as bean sprouts and leaves). In addition, the sensing platform was successfully extended to monitor food freshness by detecting spoilage related volatile biogenic amines and to develop smart gloves for tactile contamination screening. This work offers a low-cost, equipment-free, and fast sensing platform for reliable hydrazine monitoring, with strong potential for environmental risk assessments and pollution management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113557
Yongfei Huang, Zifan Gao, Zhefeng Fan
In eukaryotic cells, the dynamic interplay between lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes is crucial for cellular processes like autophagy and apoptosis. However, conventional approaches, such as multi-probe kits or non-discriminative single probes, often suffer from spectral crosstalk and erroneous localization, complicating the simultaneous and precise tracking of these two organelles. A key challenge in visualizing their interaction is the lack of a single probe capable of independently targeting and distinguishing both organelles based on their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, we present LDs-Lyso-pH, a novel dual-responsive fluorescent probe based on a coumarin-benzoindole scaffold, which enables simultaneous and distinct visualization of LDs and lysosomes by sensing polarity and pH. In lysosomes, the probe exists in an open-ring form, emitting red fluorescence in the acidic environment, while in the neutral lipid environment of LDs, it switches to a closed-ring form, yielding blue fluorescence. We successfully demonstrated the probe's capability to visually monitor organelle dynamics: upon drug-induced perturbations, an increase in lysosomal pH led to a quenching of red emission, whereas LDs damage resulted in a loss of blue fluorescence. Furthermore, leveraging this pH-dependent fluorescence, we developed a portable detection tool using a mobile RGB color recognition application to estimate the pH of actual sample. This work provides a powerful molecular tool for deciphering LDs-lysosomes interactions in cell fate decisions and showcases a potential point-of-care sensing strategy.
{"title":"Unraveling the dynamic interplay between lipid droplets and lysosomes during autophagy and apoptosis with a dual-responsive single fluorescent probe","authors":"Yongfei Huang, Zifan Gao, Zhefeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In eukaryotic cells, the dynamic interplay between lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes is crucial for cellular processes like autophagy and apoptosis. However, conventional approaches, such as multi-probe kits or non-discriminative single probes, often suffer from spectral crosstalk and erroneous localization, complicating the simultaneous and precise tracking of these two organelles. A key challenge in visualizing their interaction is the lack of a single probe capable of independently targeting and distinguishing both organelles based on their unique physicochemical properties. Herein, we present <strong>LDs-Lyso-pH</strong>, a novel dual-responsive fluorescent probe based on a coumarin-benzoindole scaffold, which enables simultaneous and distinct visualization of LDs and lysosomes by sensing polarity and pH. In lysosomes, the probe exists in an open-ring form, emitting red fluorescence in the acidic environment, while in the neutral lipid environment of LDs, it switches to a closed-ring form, yielding blue fluorescence. We successfully demonstrated the probe's capability to visually monitor organelle dynamics: upon drug-induced perturbations, an increase in lysosomal pH led to a quenching of red emission, whereas LDs damage resulted in a loss of blue fluorescence. Furthermore, leveraging this pH-dependent fluorescence, we developed a portable detection tool using a mobile RGB color recognition application to estimate the pH of actual sample. This work provides a powerful molecular tool for deciphering LDs-lysosomes interactions in cell fate decisions and showcases a potential point-of-care sensing strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113558
You-Ping Ma , Shuangchen Li , Min Zhao , Liwei Yao , Xiao-Ping Cao , Zi-Fa Shi , Yanqin Miao
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the past few decades, attributed to the portability and low power consumption. Various organic molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties have been developed and have achieved satisfactory efficiencies when employed in the light-emitting layer. Herein, we synthesized BTD-PXZ-F and BTD-PXZ-Cz by employing a strategy that adjusts the substituents on the BTD-PXZ to optimize molecular properties and packing behavior, maintaining its TADF properties while significantly improving the thermal stability and luminescence efficiency. The results show that the thermal stability of BTD-PXZ-F did not change significantly compared to BTD-PXZ, but its luminescence efficiency increased from 11.4 % to 29.9 %. In contrast, the decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of BTD-PXZ-Cz increased by 55 °C and 108 °C, respectively, and the luminescence efficiency increased from 11.4 % to 27 % due to the introduction of carbazole groups. Furthermore, OLED devices employ the modified molecules as the light-emitting layer have also been fabricated, achieving luminous efficiencies of up to 2.3 % and 2.4 %, respectively.
{"title":"Substituent effects on thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based on benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole","authors":"You-Ping Ma , Shuangchen Li , Min Zhao , Liwei Yao , Xiao-Ping Cao , Zi-Fa Shi , Yanqin Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the past few decades, attributed to the portability and low power consumption. Various organic molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties have been developed and have achieved satisfactory efficiencies when employed in the light-emitting layer. Herein, we synthesized <strong>BTD-PXZ-F</strong> and <strong>BTD-PXZ-Cz</strong> by employing a strategy that adjusts the substituents on the <strong>BTD-PXZ</strong> to optimize molecular properties and packing behavior, maintaining its TADF properties while significantly improving the thermal stability and luminescence efficiency. The results show that the thermal stability of <strong>BTD-PXZ-F</strong> did not change significantly compared to <strong>BTD-PXZ</strong>, but its luminescence efficiency increased from 11.4 % to 29.9 %. In contrast, the decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of <strong>BTD-PXZ-Cz</strong> increased by 55 °C and 108 °C, respectively, and the luminescence efficiency increased from 11.4 % to 27 % due to the introduction of carbazole groups. Furthermore, OLED devices employ the modified molecules as the light-emitting layer have also been fabricated, achieving luminous efficiencies of up to 2.3 % and 2.4 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113562
Zhen Du , Jiangpeng Li , Yan Zhang , Yonghua Qin , Zongming Tian , Guojian Yang
Black photochromic (PC) smart windows, with their exceptional optical and thermal regulation capabilities, have received significant attention in the field of PC smart windows. However, due to the solid confinement effect, the transmittance and response speed cannot be compatible, and to the best of our knowledge, pure black PC smart windows are rarely reported. In this study, we develop a black PC smart window based on a photoacid/acidochromic dye system by incorporating a plasticizer (PEG400) into a rigid PMMA matrix. Through ingenious design, the smart window maintains the high transmittance of PMMA while overcoming the solid confinement effect, successfully achieving a PC smart window with rapid response speed (color within 30 s at room temperature, bleach within 1 min at 100 °C or 3 h at room temperature). Moreover, it exhibits high optical contrast (ΔT = 80 %, 595 nm), good cycling stability (>40 cycles at thermal erasing, >60 cycles at room temperature erasing), and spectrally tunable properties (enabling yellow, red, blue, cyan and black states). Through systematic experimental investigations, the mechanism by which PEG400 enhances photo-response speed has been elucidated. Finally, we demonstrate the practical application of this material as a smart window under various weather conditions. This work not only expands the color options (switch between yellow and black) for PC smart windows, but also provides new insights for designing other stimulus-responsive smart windows.
{"title":"Black photochromic smart windows for dynamic light and thermal regulation","authors":"Zhen Du , Jiangpeng Li , Yan Zhang , Yonghua Qin , Zongming Tian , Guojian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black photochromic (PC) smart windows, with their exceptional optical and thermal regulation capabilities, have received significant attention in the field of PC smart windows. However, due to the solid confinement effect, the transmittance and response speed cannot be compatible, and to the best of our knowledge, pure black PC smart windows are rarely reported. In this study, we develop a black PC smart window based on a photoacid/acidochromic dye system by incorporating a plasticizer (PEG400) into a rigid PMMA matrix. Through ingenious design, the smart window maintains the high transmittance of PMMA while overcoming the solid confinement effect, successfully achieving a PC smart window with rapid response speed (color within 30 s at room temperature, bleach within 1 min at 100 °C or 3 h at room temperature). Moreover, it exhibits high optical contrast (ΔT = 80 %, 595 nm), good cycling stability (>40 cycles at thermal erasing, >60 cycles at room temperature erasing), and spectrally tunable properties (enabling yellow, red, blue, cyan and black states). Through systematic experimental investigations, the mechanism by which PEG400 enhances photo-response speed has been elucidated. Finally, we demonstrate the practical application of this material as a smart window under various weather conditions. This work not only expands the color options (switch between yellow and black) for PC smart windows, but also provides new insights for designing other stimulus-responsive smart windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113556
Ajeet Kumar Sharma , Panaha , K.R. Justin Thomas , Cheng-Jui Wu , Dian Luo , Shun-Wei Liu , Chih-Hsin Chen
Benzophenone derivatives have gained substantial attention as versatile acceptor cores for developing efficient emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The photophysical properties of these materials can be systematically tuned through the introduction of electron-donating groups, enabling control over fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), or room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). In this study, we designed and synthesized a new series of aroylthiophene-based emitters containing N-phenylcarbazole (N-PhCbz) donors and various aryl fragments such as naphthyl, anthracene, and pyrene. Theoretical calculations indicate that the large singlet–triplet energy gaps render these systems unfavorable for TADF, yet their emission behaviors are markedly sensitive to aggregation. The naphthyl and pyrene derivatives exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) aided by hydrogen bonding which restricts intramolecular rotation (RIR), whereas the anthracene analogue displays aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). The pyrene derivative shows a distinct, red-shifted absorption and 3.2-fold emission enhancement in 90 % water–THF mixture due to ordered morphology of aggregate, which is supported by SEM analysis and lifetime measurement in different water fractions. All compounds exhibit solvent-dependent emission, showing a linear correlation in the Lippert–Mataga plot, while their high decomposition temperatures (≥317 °C) confirm excellent thermal stability. Non-doped OLEDs fabricated using these emitters demonstrate efficiencies, with the pyrene derivative achieving the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.51 %. These results provide valuable insights into the structure–property relationship of aroylthiophene-based emitters and suggest potential for developing aggregation-enhanced emitters for optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Tunable aggregation-induced emission in π-extended Aroylthiophene–Carbazole emitters","authors":"Ajeet Kumar Sharma , Panaha , K.R. Justin Thomas , Cheng-Jui Wu , Dian Luo , Shun-Wei Liu , Chih-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzophenone derivatives have gained substantial attention as versatile acceptor cores for developing efficient emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The photophysical properties of these materials can be systematically tuned through the introduction of electron-donating groups, enabling control over fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), or room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). In this study, we designed and synthesized a new series of aroylthiophene-based emitters containing <em>N</em>-phenylcarbazole (<em>N</em>-PhCbz) donors and various aryl fragments such as naphthyl, anthracene, and pyrene. Theoretical calculations indicate that the large singlet–triplet energy gaps render these systems unfavorable for TADF, yet their emission behaviors are markedly sensitive to aggregation. The naphthyl and pyrene derivatives exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) aided by hydrogen bonding which restricts intramolecular rotation (RIR), whereas the anthracene analogue displays aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). The pyrene derivative shows a distinct, red-shifted absorption and 3.2-fold emission enhancement in 90 % water–THF mixture due to ordered morphology of aggregate, which is supported by SEM analysis and lifetime measurement in different water fractions. All compounds exhibit solvent-dependent emission, showing a linear correlation in the Lippert–Mataga plot, while their high decomposition temperatures (≥317 °C) confirm excellent thermal stability. Non-doped OLEDs fabricated using these emitters demonstrate efficiencies, with the pyrene derivative achieving the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.51 %. These results provide valuable insights into the structure–property relationship of aroylthiophene-based emitters and suggest potential for developing aggregation-enhanced emitters for optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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