Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113591
Si-Han Zhao, Jiajia Wang, Danyi Wang, Tianyun Li, Xinhua Cao
Two low molecular weight gelators based on α-cyanostyrene derivatives (DPAE and DNAE) were designed and synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Both DPAE and DNAE could be self-assembled into gels with diverse colors in different solvents, and fibrous band and smooth film structures were formed. Interestingly, the gelation ability, self-assembly structures, surface wettability, fluorescence emission behaviors and functions of them could be regulated by their sizes of conjugate structure. DNAE could selectively detect hypochlorite with the limit of detection of 0.19 μM. The detection of hypochlorite can be operated over a wide pH range of 3.5–10.8. Fatty alcohol could be sensitively sensed by DNAE in hexane and petroleum ether. This work will provide new idea of design and construction multi-functional supramolecular self-assembly materials.
{"title":"Fluorescent self-assembly systems based on α-cyanostyrene derivatives: Conjugated structure-regulated self-assembly and sensing applications","authors":"Si-Han Zhao, Jiajia Wang, Danyi Wang, Tianyun Li, Xinhua Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two low molecular weight gelators based on α-cyanostyrene derivatives (<strong>DPAE</strong> and <strong>DNAE</strong>) were designed and synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Both <strong>DPAE</strong> and <strong>DNAE</strong> could be self-assembled into gels with diverse colors in different solvents, and fibrous band and smooth film structures were formed. Interestingly, the gelation ability, self-assembly structures, surface wettability, fluorescence emission behaviors <strong>and</strong> functions of them could be regulated by their sizes of conjugate structure. <strong>DNAE</strong> could selectively detect hypochlorite with the limit of detection of 0.19 μM. The detection of hypochlorite can be operated over a wide pH range of 3.5–10.8. Fatty alcohol could be sensitively sensed by <strong>DNAE</strong> in hexane and petroleum ether. This work will provide new idea of design and construction multi-functional supramolecular self-assembly materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113614
Wangen Zhu , Ji Chen , Xin Gao , Junxian Chen , Jiaying Yan , Yong Qi , Nuonuo Zhang
Small-molecule dyes still dominate traditional fields but are urgently in need of upgrading due to limitations in environmental adaptability, insufficient color fastness, and single functionality. Macromolecular dyes address the migration issue and enhance color fastness through polymerization, while expanding application scenarios via functional integration. Among them, poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes are notable for their outstanding performance in weather resistance, color fastness, and functional diversity, owing to the high stability of the Si–O backbone, the modifiability of side chains, and the low surface energy characteristics. These dyes have become the core technological direction in the high-end dye market, particularly demonstrating irreplaceable advantages in outdoor coatings, smart textiles, and optoelectronic materials. This review classifies poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes into two categories based on chromophore structure: non-luminescent synthetic chromophore-containing poly (siloxane) macromolecular dyes and fluorescent/phosphorescent chromophore-containing macromolecular dyes. The synthetic methods, characteristics, research progress, and application prospects of these two types of dyes are systematically reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the follow-up research, development, and application of poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes.
{"title":"Synthesis and applications of poly(siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes containing non-luminescent synthetic chromophores and fluorescent/phosphorescent dye chromophores","authors":"Wangen Zhu , Ji Chen , Xin Gao , Junxian Chen , Jiaying Yan , Yong Qi , Nuonuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-molecule dyes still dominate traditional fields but are urgently in need of upgrading due to limitations in environmental adaptability, insufficient color fastness, and single functionality. Macromolecular dyes address the migration issue and enhance color fastness through polymerization, while expanding application scenarios via functional integration. Among them, poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes are notable for their outstanding performance in weather resistance, color fastness, and functional diversity, owing to the high stability of the Si–O backbone, the modifiability of side chains, and the low surface energy characteristics. These dyes have become the core technological direction in the high-end dye market, particularly demonstrating irreplaceable advantages in outdoor coatings, smart textiles, and optoelectronic materials. This review classifies poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes into two categories based on chromophore structure: non-luminescent synthetic chromophore-containing poly (siloxane) macromolecular dyes and fluorescent/phosphorescent chromophore-containing macromolecular dyes. The synthetic methods, characteristics, research progress, and application prospects of these two types of dyes are systematically reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the follow-up research, development, and application of poly (siloxane)-based macromolecular dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113619
Xiaolei Zhao , Yiwei Wang , Zhirong Zhu , Xianqiang Kong , Wei Huang
The microenvironmental polarity of lysosomes in cancer cells is lower than that in normal cells. Harnessing this feature to design the lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe that achieves enrichment and therapeutic effects at tumor sites holds significant importance. Herein, based on the azo-hydrazone tautomerism strategy, we developed a lysosome-targeting, polarity-activated near-infrared (NIR) theranostic probe TPPY-NH. The presence of a distinctive hydrazone proton in the probe grants it high sensitivity toward environmental polarity. Namely, in a weakly polar environment, TPPY-NH predominantly exists in the fluorescent hydrazone form (–NH–N = ). As environmental polarity increases, it gradually converts to the azo form (-NN-) with potent photothermal properties. The balanced coexistence of the fluorescent hydrazone and photothermal azo species not only enables reliable discrimination between cancer and normal cells by leveraging the polarity difference of their lysosomes, but also achieves specific tumor visualization at the organ level, ultimately realizing photothermal imaging (PTI) and therapy of orthotopic tumors in vivo. The azo-hydrazone tautomerism-based TPPY-NH probe provides a highly promising integrated platform for real-time cancer diagnosis and non-invasive photothermal therapy (PTT).
癌细胞中溶酶体的微环境极性低于正常细胞。利用这一特点来设计溶酶体靶向荧光探针，在肿瘤部位实现富集和治疗效果具有重要意义。在此，基于偶氮腙互变异构策略，我们开发了一种溶酶体靶向，极性激活的近红外（NIR）治疗探针TPPY-NH。探针中独特的腙质子的存在使其对环境极性具有很高的灵敏度。即，在弱极性环境中，TPPY-NH主要以荧光腙形式存在（-NH-N =）。随着环境极性的增加，它逐渐转化为偶氮形式（- nn -），具有强大的光热性质。荧光腙和光热偶氮平衡共存，不仅可以利用其溶酶体的极性差异对癌细胞和正常细胞进行可靠的区分，而且可以在器官水平上实现特异性肿瘤可视化，最终实现原位肿瘤的体内光热成像（PTI）和治疗。基于偶氮腙互变异构的tpy - nh探针为实时癌症诊断和无创光热治疗（PTT）提供了一个非常有前途的集成平台。
{"title":"A lysosome-targeting near-infrared optical probe conferring polarity-induced azo-hydrazone coexistence for photothermal therapy","authors":"Xiaolei Zhao , Yiwei Wang , Zhirong Zhu , Xianqiang Kong , Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microenvironmental polarity of lysosomes in cancer cells is lower than that in normal cells. Harnessing this feature to design the lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe that achieves enrichment and therapeutic effects at tumor sites holds significant importance. Herein, based on the azo-hydrazone tautomerism strategy, we developed a lysosome-targeting, polarity-activated near-infrared (NIR) theranostic probe <strong>TPPY-NH</strong>. The presence of a distinctive hydrazone proton in the probe grants it high sensitivity toward environmental polarity. Namely, in a weakly polar environment, <strong>TPPY-NH</strong> predominantly exists in the fluorescent hydrazone form (–NH–N = ). As environmental polarity increases, it gradually converts to the azo form (-N<img>N-) with potent photothermal properties. The balanced coexistence of the fluorescent hydrazone and photothermal azo species not only enables reliable discrimination between cancer and normal cells by leveraging the polarity difference of their lysosomes, but also achieves specific tumor visualization at the organ level, ultimately realizing photothermal imaging (PTI) and therapy of orthotopic tumors in vivo. The azo-hydrazone tautomerism-based <strong>TPPY-NH</strong> probe provides a highly promising integrated platform for real-time cancer diagnosis and non-invasive photothermal therapy (PTT).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113615
Kaiyong Sun , Jie Wu , Xiang Wang , Zixiang Yuan , Haonan Qi , Junwen Zhao , Tao Zhu , Mengshuang Lei , Mengting Zhang , Zhaosheng Cai , Wenwen Tian
On account of the prominent solubilization and the strong electron-donating capacity, triphenylamine (TPA) units are employed as electron donors diffusely in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. However, the free rotation of benzene rings result in the larger nonradiative rate, which prejudice to promote the improved performance of the emitters. Here, three emitters shaped like a spider were designed and synthesized by the novel electron-donor fusion (EDF) strategy. Thianthrene (TE), TPA, triphenylamine-2thianthrene (TPA2TE) units were acted as the electron donors at the bottom of the molecules, respectively. TPA2TE units generated from the fusion of TPA and TE units, which collect the confinement effects of hindering the free rotation and retarding the non-radiative decays. Impressively, the solution-processed device based on 2TPA-QX-2TE is realized to give a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 11.70% together with the maximum power efficiency (PEmax) of 17.5 lm W−1. Furthermore, the formation of the new donors by the EDF strategy endows the solution-processed device based on 2TPA-QX-2TPA2TE with the high EQEmax of 17.02% and the low turn-on voltage (Von) of 2.9V represents a competitive level among the ever-reported solution-processed TADF-OLEDs. This work provides the unambiguous insights into developing highly efficient solution-processed TADF-OLEDs via the EDF strategy.
{"title":"Highly efficient solution-processed green OLEDs based on the spider-shaped TADF emitters utilizing the electron-donor fusion strategy","authors":"Kaiyong Sun , Jie Wu , Xiang Wang , Zixiang Yuan , Haonan Qi , Junwen Zhao , Tao Zhu , Mengshuang Lei , Mengting Zhang , Zhaosheng Cai , Wenwen Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On account of the prominent solubilization and the strong electron-donating capacity, triphenylamine (TPA) units are employed as electron donors diffusely in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. However, the free rotation of benzene rings result in the larger nonradiative rate, which prejudice to promote the improved performance of the emitters. Here, three emitters shaped like a spider were designed and synthesized by the novel electron-donor fusion (EDF) strategy. Thianthrene (TE), TPA, triphenylamine-2thianthrene (TPA2TE) units were acted as the electron donors at the bottom of the molecules, respectively. TPA2TE units generated from the fusion of TPA and TE units, which collect the confinement effects of hindering the free rotation and retarding the non-radiative decays. Impressively, the solution-processed device based on 2TPA-QX-2TE is realized to give a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub>) of 11.70% together with the maximum power efficiency (PE<sub>max</sub>) of 17.5 lm W<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the formation of the new donors by the EDF strategy endows the solution-processed device based on 2TPA-QX-2TPA2TE with the high EQE<sub>max</sub> of 17.02% and the low turn-on voltage (V<sub>on</sub>) of 2.9V represents a competitive level among the ever-reported solution-processed TADF-OLEDs. This work provides the unambiguous insights into developing highly efficient solution-processed TADF-OLEDs via the EDF strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photodynamic therapy faces two major barriers in treating deeply hypoxic tumors including poor tissue penetration of excitation light and inefficient reactive oxygen species generation in the tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, a hydrophilic manganese(III) phthalocyanine (MnPcS8B) with symmetrical molecular structure was designed. In aqueous media, MnPcS8B can self-assemble into stable and carrier-free nano-assemblies (NanoPc) that exhibit strong near-infrared absorption (λmax = 770 nm). Through the photoacoustic imaging capability of NanoPc, we can observe that it has a certain enrichment ability at the tumor site. Moreover, NanoPc have dual functionality both type-I photodynamic activity and multiple enzyme-like catalytic activities. Specifically, under the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment, NanoPc decompose hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals and oxygen (O2), while further catalyzing O2 to produce superoxide anions, thereby achieving tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Multienzyme-mimicking nano photosensitizer based on Manganese(III) phthalocyanine for tumor photoacoustic imaging and chemo-photodynamic combination therapy","authors":"Zixuan Chen, Yangwei He, Jiale Wen, Shuwen Fu, Li Li, Weizhen Wang, Chuanchuan Wang, Meibin Chen, Renxing Li, Yiling Huang, Dianhao Luo, Jian-Dong Huang, Xingshu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy faces two major barriers in treating deeply hypoxic tumors including poor tissue penetration of excitation light and inefficient reactive oxygen species generation in the tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, a hydrophilic manganese(III) phthalocyanine (MnPcS8B) with symmetrical molecular structure was designed. In aqueous media, MnPcS8B can self-assemble into stable and carrier-free nano-assemblies (NanoPc) that exhibit strong near-infrared absorption (<em>λ</em><sub>max</sub> = 770 nm). Through the photoacoustic imaging capability of NanoPc, we can observe that it has a certain enrichment ability at the tumor site. Moreover, NanoPc have dual functionality both type-I photodynamic activity and multiple enzyme-like catalytic activities. Specifically, under the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment, NanoPc decompose hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), while further catalyzing O<sub>2</sub> to produce superoxide anions, thereby achieving tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113578
Xiao-Hui Wang , Jun-Yu Luan , Guang-Jin Shi , Hai-Jiao Sun , Bin-Hou Zhang , Kun-Peng Wang , Ying Fang , Zhi-Qiang Hu
Fluorescent molecules with a D-π-A structure based on intramolecular charge transfer have been widely investigated. In this work, we designed two D–π–A–π–D fluorescent molecules, XH-1 and XH-2, using a coumarin–BF2bdk scaffold. Photophysical characterization revealed that both probes exhibit pronounced polarity sensitivity, with their Stokes shifts increasing as the solvent polarity parameter (orientation polarizability) rises. Among them, XH-2, which displays higher polarity·correlation than·XH-1, was successfully applied to the detection of trace amounts of methanol and water in organic solvents. In addition, XH-1, featuring Near-Infrared (NIR) emission, demonstrated excellent lysosome-targeting ability and robust two-photon imaging performance. This work expands the understanding of the photophysical properties of D–π–A–π–D fluorescent molecules based on the coumarin–BF2bdk skeleton and enriches the application potential of such conjugated systems.
{"title":"Coumarin-BF2bdk-derived D-π-A-π-D probes: NIR-I emission for lysosome targeting, two-photon imaging and polarity detection","authors":"Xiao-Hui Wang , Jun-Yu Luan , Guang-Jin Shi , Hai-Jiao Sun , Bin-Hou Zhang , Kun-Peng Wang , Ying Fang , Zhi-Qiang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescent molecules with a D-π-A structure based on intramolecular charge transfer have been widely investigated. In this work, we designed two D–π–A–π–D fluorescent molecules, <strong>XH-1</strong> and <strong>XH-2,</strong> using a coumarin–BF<sub>2</sub>bdk scaffold. Photophysical characterization revealed that both probes exhibit pronounced polarity sensitivity, with their Stokes shifts increasing as the solvent polarity parameter (orientation polarizability) rises. Among them, <strong>XH-2</strong>, which displays higher polarity·correlation than·<strong>XH-1</strong>, was successfully applied to the detection of trace amounts of methanol and water in organic solvents. In addition, <strong>XH-1</strong>, featuring Near-Infrared (NIR) emission, demonstrated excellent lysosome-targeting ability and robust two-photon imaging performance. This work expands the understanding of the photophysical properties of D–π–A–π–D fluorescent molecules based on the coumarin–BF<sub>2</sub>bdk skeleton and enriches the application potential of such conjugated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113613
Baobei Liu , Hanrong Liu , Yanru Su , Jiakun Bai , Huijuan Zhang , Junhui Jia
Achieving high-contrast mechanofluorochromism (MFC) with an emission wavelength shift beyond 100 nm in single-component organic systems remains a critical challenge, primarily due to limited rational molecular design strategies and incomplete structure-performance understanding. Herein, a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) chalcone derivative MPNP [(E)-3-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one], based on phenothiazine was synthesized and characterized. Systematic investigations revealed that mechanical grinding induced a distinct color change (green to red) and a significant bathochromic shift of 117 nm in emission (from 526 nm to 643 nm), surpassing the 100 nm threshold for high contrast for MPNP. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed that this MFC behavior originates from the reversible crystalline-amorphous phase conversion. Single-crystal structural analysis further demonstrated that mechanical force disrupts specific intermolecular interactions (e.g., C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking), altering the molecular packing mode and thereby driving the emission shift. These findings offer a rational design strategy for high-contrast MFC materials and highlight MPNP's potential applications in latent fingerprint (LFP) extraction and multilevel information encryption.
{"title":"Phenothiazine-based chalcone derivative: distinguishable high-contrast mechanofluorochromism beyond 100 nm and applications in latent fingerprint extraction and information encryption","authors":"Baobei Liu , Hanrong Liu , Yanru Su , Jiakun Bai , Huijuan Zhang , Junhui Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high-contrast mechanofluorochromism (MFC) with an emission wavelength shift beyond 100 nm in single-component organic systems remains a critical challenge, primarily due to limited rational molecular design strategies and incomplete structure-performance understanding. Herein, a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) chalcone derivative <strong>MPNP</strong> [(<em>E</em>)-3-(10-methyl-10<em>H</em>-phenothiazin-3-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one], based on phenothiazine was synthesized and characterized. Systematic investigations revealed that mechanical grinding induced a distinct color change (green to red) and a significant bathochromic shift of 117 nm in emission (from 526 nm to 643 nm), surpassing the 100 nm threshold for high contrast for <strong>MPNP</strong>. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed that this MFC behavior originates from the reversible crystalline-amorphous phase conversion. Single-crystal structural analysis further demonstrated that mechanical force disrupts specific intermolecular interactions (e.g., C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking), altering the molecular packing mode and thereby driving the emission shift. These findings offer a rational design strategy for high-contrast MFC materials and highlight <strong>MPNP</strong>'s potential applications in latent fingerprint (LFP) extraction and multilevel information encryption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113628
Shuangbao Li , Shuaibing Ma , Jingyu Sun , Yuteng Zhang , Zi'an Wang , Lingfeng Sheng , Bo Jiang , Qingxin Liu , Li Jin
In present work, a dye-integrated composite material, FS@ZrT-1-NH2, was fabricated through a one-pot solvothermal method. The fabrication process involved the effective combination of fluorescein sodium (FS) with an amino-functionalized metal-organic cage (ZrT-1-NH2) matrix. Subsequently, the as-prepared composite was employed as a dual-emission fluorescent probe for the targeted detection of sunset yellow (SY). Interaction energy and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses revealed that hydrogen bonding interactions played a pivotal role in the stabilization of the composite. The unique dual-emission signal originated from efficient energy transfer between the cage and the embedded FS. This sensor exhibited a wide linear response to SY from 9.945 to 16.575 nM with a low detection limit of 0.980 nM, alongside remarkable selectivity. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was attributed to the synergistic effect of the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching. Notably, the proposed FS@ZrT-1-NH2 ratiometric fluorescent probe achieved high recovery rates (102.02%–106.10%) and low relative standard deviations (RSD <3.1%) for SY detection in orange-flavored carbonated beverages, verifying its feasibility and practical applicability. These findings demonstrate that the dual-emission FS@ZrT-1-NH2 composite can function as a highly promising platform for the sensitive and selective detection of SY.
{"title":"Zirconium metal-organic cage integrated with fluorescein sodium: A dye-functionalized dual-emission platform for ratiometric sensing of sunset yellow","authors":"Shuangbao Li , Shuaibing Ma , Jingyu Sun , Yuteng Zhang , Zi'an Wang , Lingfeng Sheng , Bo Jiang , Qingxin Liu , Li Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In present work, a dye-integrated composite material, FS@ZrT-1-NH<sub>2</sub>, was fabricated through a one-pot solvothermal method. The fabrication process involved the effective combination of fluorescein sodium (FS) with an amino-functionalized metal-organic cage (ZrT-1-NH<sub>2</sub>) matrix. Subsequently, the as-prepared composite was employed as a dual-emission fluorescent probe for the targeted detection of sunset yellow (SY). Interaction energy and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses revealed that hydrogen bonding interactions played a pivotal role in the stabilization of the composite. The unique dual-emission signal originated from efficient energy transfer between the cage and the embedded FS. This sensor exhibited a wide linear response to SY from 9.945 to 16.575 nM with a low detection limit of 0.980 nM, alongside remarkable selectivity. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was attributed to the synergistic effect of the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching. Notably, the proposed FS@ZrT-1-NH<sub>2</sub> ratiometric fluorescent probe achieved high recovery rates (102.02%–106.10%) and low relative standard deviations (RSD <3.1%) for SY detection in orange-flavored carbonated beverages, verifying its feasibility and practical applicability. These findings demonstrate that the dual-emission FS@ZrT-1-NH<sub>2</sub> composite can function as a highly promising platform for the sensitive and selective detection of SY.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113616
Xiangrui Li , Ruiqi Sun , Xia Lan , Yan Fu , Ben Zhong Tang , Zujin Zhao
With the potential to achieve a theoretical exciton utilization efficiency of 100 %, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered considerable attention in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In particular, TADF emitters based on through-space charge transfer (TSCT) mechanism have emerged as one of the major focuses of recent studies. Herein, three U-shaped folded TADF emitters are successfully constructed with 11,12-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]carbazole as bridging unit to link electron acceptor of xanthone and different electron donors. With the enhancement of the electron-donating strength of donors, the radiative transition characteristic evolves from through-bond charge transfer (TBCT) to TSCT transition, enabling effective modulation of emission wavelengths and efficiencies of the molecule. The face-to-face stacking pattern of the electron donor and acceptor facilitates the formation of TSCT transition. All the emitters exhibit outstanding photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and small singlet-triplet energy gaps, leading to fast reverse intersystem crossing and thus efficient TADF behaviors. Efficient sky-blue and yellow OLEDs are fabricated based on these emitters, which afford high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 21.24 %, and 20.36 % with the emission peaks at 498 and 546 nm, respectively. These results could provide applicable guidance for the design of efficient TSCT-type TADF emitters.
{"title":"Robust U-shaped folded TADF emitters with prominent through-space charge transfer feature","authors":"Xiangrui Li , Ruiqi Sun , Xia Lan , Yan Fu , Ben Zhong Tang , Zujin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the potential to achieve a theoretical exciton utilization efficiency of 100 %, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered considerable attention in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In particular, TADF emitters based on through-space charge transfer (TSCT) mechanism have emerged as one of the major focuses of recent studies. Herein, three U-shaped folded TADF emitters are successfully constructed with 11,12-dihydroindolo[2,3-<em>a</em>]carbazole as bridging unit to link electron acceptor of xanthone and different electron donors. With the enhancement of the electron-donating strength of donors, the radiative transition characteristic evolves from through-bond charge transfer (TBCT) to TSCT transition, enabling effective modulation of emission wavelengths and efficiencies of the molecule. The face-to-face stacking pattern of the electron donor and acceptor facilitates the formation of TSCT transition. All the emitters exhibit outstanding photoluminescence quantum efficiencies and small singlet-triplet energy gaps, leading to fast reverse intersystem crossing and thus efficient TADF behaviors. Efficient sky-blue and yellow OLEDs are fabricated based on these emitters, which afford high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 21.24 %, and 20.36 % with the emission peaks at 498 and 546 nm, respectively. These results could provide applicable guidance for the design of efficient TSCT-type TADF emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113580
Duygu Akyüz , Hakkı Türker Akçay , Yusuf Serdar Bektaş , Emre Menteşe
In this study, tetra 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio substituted Co(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized from novel, 4-((4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)phthalonitrile, compound by microwave irradiation. The novel compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometric and elemental analysis methods. The electrochemical and in-situ spectroelectrochemical properties of CoPc are determined. During the reduction process, one quasi reversible metal-based and one reversible phthalocyanine-based redox couple were observed. 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio- substituent included CoPc electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode. Electrochromic performance of Poly(CoPc) film was recorded with in-situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. The effect on optical contrast thickness of film, solvent and supporting electrolyte was investigated. The color of Poly(CoPc) film changed from green to brown color at 1.40 V and optical contrast was recorded as 34 % at 690 nm in DCM/TBAPF6 electrolyte. In addition, coloring/bleaching time was recorded as about 10 s.
{"title":"Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Furan/Triazole Substituted Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and investigation of electrochromic properties","authors":"Duygu Akyüz , Hakkı Türker Akçay , Yusuf Serdar Bektaş , Emre Menteşe","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, tetra 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-<em>4H</em>-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio substituted Co(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized from novel, 4-((4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-<em>4H</em>-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)phthalonitrile, compound by microwave irradiation. The novel compounds were characterized by FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, mass spectrometric and elemental analysis methods. The electrochemical and in-situ spectroelectrochemical properties of CoPc are determined. During the reduction process, one quasi reversible metal-based and one reversible phthalocyanine-based redox couple were observed. 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-<em>4H</em>-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio- substituent included CoPc electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode. Electrochromic performance of Poly(CoPc) film was recorded with in-situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. The effect on optical contrast thickness of film, solvent and supporting electrolyte was investigated. The color of Poly(CoPc) film changed from green to brown color at 1.40 V and optical contrast was recorded as 34 % at 690 nm in DCM/TBAPF<sub>6</sub> electrolyte. In addition, coloring/bleaching time was recorded as about 10 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 113580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号