Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113415
Zhen Wang , Kexin Wang , Ranran Bai , Ke Xu , Huizheng Di , Menglong Zhao , Jianfeng Qiu , Yunjian Xu
Activatable second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence probes have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and deep tissue penetration ability, while NADH-activated NIR-II probes are still very limited to date. In this study, we developed a novel NIR-II fluorescence probe, HCY-N, by modifying the isoindole end-groups to enhance the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect, which can be applied from quantitative detection of NADH in vitro to comprehensive monitoring and imaging of NADH in living tumors. HCY-N has a low detection limit (68 nM), excellent selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, and can effectively track fluctuations in endogenous NADH levels induced by glucose stimulation. In particular, based on the principle of NADH detection, HCY-N was successfully applied to in vivo tumor imaging, and the fluorescence signals of tumor tissues were significantly stronger than those of normal tissues. These results confirm the potential of HCY-N in the diagnosis of malignant tumors.
{"title":"Utilizing end-group molecular engineering to enhance the ICT effect of hemicyanine dyes for in vivo NADH-specific NIR-II fluorescence imaging","authors":"Zhen Wang , Kexin Wang , Ranran Bai , Ke Xu , Huizheng Di , Menglong Zhao , Jianfeng Qiu , Yunjian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activatable second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence probes have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and deep tissue penetration ability, while NADH-activated NIR-II probes are still very limited to date. In this study, we developed a novel NIR-II fluorescence probe, HCY-N, by modifying the isoindole end-groups to enhance the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect, which can be applied from quantitative detection of NADH in vitro to comprehensive monitoring and imaging of NADH in living tumors. HCY-N has a low detection limit (68 nM), excellent selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, and can effectively track fluctuations in endogenous NADH levels induced by glucose stimulation. In particular, based on the principle of NADH detection, HCY-N was successfully applied to in vivo tumor imaging, and the fluorescence signals of tumor tissues were significantly stronger than those of normal tissues. These results confirm the potential of HCY-N in the diagnosis of malignant tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The deep eutectic solvents (DES) recently emerged as a vast growing green solvents and have benefited in fields across chemistry, material science, and even biological sciences. DES has found broad utility in diverse applications, notably as green solvents in organic synthesis. The morphology and characteristic features of DES (binary system) are highly sensitive to the external environment. Despite their wide applications, the influence of co-solvents, reagents, and metal ions (making ternary or higher systems) remains less investigated. Here, we tried to understand and investigate the impact of polar reagents, salicylic acid, azobenzene 3, and DMSO as a co-solvent, on the mutual effect DESs/3 on structure and intermolecular interaction with the help of UV–Vis absorbance and Fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Changes in the absorbance and emission spectra of probe 3 suggested that DES behaves like protic polar solvents such as MEOH, and probe 3 dominates in the azo tautomeric form. Also, with the help of 1H, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, we tried to understand the mode of interaction between DES and the polar component. The result indicated that the -CO2H group in probe 3 interacted with -NH2 and -OH groups. Furthermore, the application of DES in chemical sensing was also investigated using different metal ions with a well-known colorimetric azobenzene-based chemical sensor. The investigation concluded that metal ions, viz, Al3+, Li+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, etc., could penetrate the solvation boundary by DES and interact with azobenzene and showing a redshift, but Cu2+, Ni2+ ions showed a blue shift in the UV–Vis absorbance. To assess the practical relevance of these findings, we designed a comparative alkylation reaction of salicylic acid and azobenzene 3 in DES and CH3CN. Notably, DES facilitated a faster and preferential alkylation of compound 3 (alkylation at -COOH) compared to CH3CN, which indicates its potential application in green synthetic and material chemistry.
{"title":"Studies on the interaction of the competitive H-bonding donor/acceptor azobenzene and metal ions with deep eutectic solvent: Preferential green alkylation through H-bond activation","authors":"Birkishore Mahto, Biswajit Pandey, Megha Kumari Vishwakarma, Himanshu Gautam, Girish Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deep eutectic solvents (DES) recently emerged as a vast growing green solvents and have benefited in fields across chemistry, material science, and even biological sciences. DES has found broad utility in diverse applications, notably as green solvents in organic synthesis. The morphology and characteristic features of DES (binary system) are highly sensitive to the external environment. Despite their wide applications, the influence of co-solvents, reagents, and metal ions (making ternary or higher systems) remains less investigated. Here, we tried to understand and investigate the impact of polar reagents, salicylic acid, azobenzene <strong>3</strong>, and DMSO as a co-solvent, on the mutual effect DESs/<strong>3</strong> on structure and intermolecular interaction with the help of UV–Vis absorbance and Fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Changes in the absorbance and emission spectra of probe <strong>3</strong> suggested that DES behaves like protic polar solvents such as MEOH, and probe <strong>3</strong> dominates in the azo tautomeric form. Also, with the help of <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, we tried to understand the mode of interaction between DES and the polar component. The result indicated that the -CO<sub>2</sub>H group in probe <strong>3</strong> interacted with -NH<sub>2</sub> and -OH groups. Furthermore, the application of DES in chemical sensing was also investigated using different metal ions with a well-known colorimetric azobenzene-based chemical sensor. The investigation concluded that metal ions, <em>viz,</em> Al<sup>3+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, <em>etc.,</em> could penetrate the solvation boundary by DES and interact with azobenzene and showing a redshift, but Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions showed a blue shift in the UV–Vis absorbance. To assess the practical relevance of these findings, we designed a comparative alkylation reaction of salicylic acid and azobenzene <strong>3</strong> in DES and CH<sub>3</sub>CN. Notably, DES facilitated a faster and preferential alkylation of compound <strong>3</strong> (alkylation at -COOH) compared to CH<sub>3</sub>CN, which indicates its potential application in green synthetic and material chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113406
Mariele B. Rodrigues , Paola C. Pereira , André C. Sauer , João C.P. Mayer , Jenifer L.O. da Rosa , Jaqueline F. de Souza , Davi F. Back , Paulo C. Piquini , Oscar E.D. Rodrigues , Bernardo A. Iglesias , Luciano Dornelles
A series of new 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles was synthesized from 1-aryl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-diketones, aldehydes and ammonium acetate by a multi-component reaction. The heterocycles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields and in relatively short reaction times. All the obtained compounds were characterized by NMR, FTIR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The derivatives showed interesting photophysical properties, with absorption bands in the UV region and emission peaks in the blue region, with short lifetimes in most solvents tested. From the theoretical data by DFT analysis, it was possible to observe a uniform distribution in the HOMO-LUMO orbitals density of the molecules, with measurements of the redox potentials without many differences between the studied derivatives. Finally, exploring the best emission example (derivative 1bb) of a possible fluorescent sensor, metal cation detection tests were also conducted, the most relevant being Cu2+ ions, and thus, their detection in Brazilian cachaças was investigated.
{"title":"Synthesis, photophysical and selective Cu(II) ion detection properties of novel 2,4,5-tri-substituted imidazole derivatives from 1-aryl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-diketones","authors":"Mariele B. Rodrigues , Paola C. Pereira , André C. Sauer , João C.P. Mayer , Jenifer L.O. da Rosa , Jaqueline F. de Souza , Davi F. Back , Paulo C. Piquini , Oscar E.D. Rodrigues , Bernardo A. Iglesias , Luciano Dornelles","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of new 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles was synthesized from 1-aryl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-diketones, aldehydes and ammonium acetate by a multi-component reaction. The heterocycles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields and in relatively short reaction times. All the obtained compounds were characterized by NMR, FTIR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The derivatives showed interesting photophysical properties, with absorption bands in the UV region and emission peaks in the blue region, with short lifetimes in most solvents tested. From the theoretical data by DFT analysis, it was possible to observe a uniform distribution in the HOMO-LUMO orbitals density of the molecules, with measurements of the redox potentials without many differences between the studied derivatives. Finally, exploring the best emission example (derivative <strong>1bb</strong>) of a possible fluorescent sensor, metal cation detection tests were also conducted, the most relevant being Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, and thus, their detection in Brazilian cachaças was investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113401
R. Chaithra, A.P. Nagendra Babu, D. Harshitha, C.G. Renuka
This research outlines a systematic method for extracting cyanidin dye from the florets of Hibiscus diversifolius through solvent-assisted maceration with methanol, ethanol, and butanol, followed by thorough spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photometric evaluations. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a semi-crystalline framework, while FTIR analysis identified vibrational modes related to hydroxyl, aromatic, and glycosidic structures. LC–MS analysis detected key derivatives at m/z 287.01 (methanol), 385.02 (ethanol), and 463.09 (butanol), indicating solvent-induced modifications. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated solvatochromic behavior, revealing direct band gaps of 3.01 eV (methanol), 3.03 eV (ethanol), and 3.25 eV (butanol), along with indirect gaps of 1.92, 2.02, and 2.70 eV, respectively. Electrochemical studies confirmed pseudocapacitive redox activity, with methanol showing the lowest HOMO value (−7.1 eV) and butanol exhibiting the highest diffusion coefficient (4.25 × 10−4 cm2/s). Cyanidin extracted using butanol achieved peak electrochemical performance metrics: specific capacitance of 88.75 F/g at 10 mV/s, energy density of 7.10 Wh/kg, and power density of 17.7 W/kg. Photoluminescence analysis revealed solvent-tuned intramolecular charge transfer, with emissions ranging from 734 to 764 nm, quantum yields of 0.837 (methanol), 0.765 (ethanol), and 0.751 (butanol), and lifetimes of 0.25–0.21 ns. Chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.62–0.66, y = 0.28–0.32) positioned emissions in the deep-red to near-infrared spectrum, demonstrating high color purity (79.6 %), a CRI of up to 83, and correlated color temperatures of 1000–1099 K. Photostability tests indicated the least degradation in ethanol (5.75 % over 120 days). Collectively, these results establish cyanidin as a sustainable, high-performance material for dual applications in supercapacitors and red/NIR OLED platforms, with engineering strategies such as encapsulation and co-doping suggested to enhance long-term operational durability.
{"title":"Harnessing cyanidin-rich flower extracts: Spectroscopic characterization and performance in bio-based electrochemical energy storage devices","authors":"R. Chaithra, A.P. Nagendra Babu, D. Harshitha, C.G. Renuka","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research outlines a systematic method for extracting cyanidin dye from the florets of Hibiscus diversifolius through solvent-assisted maceration with methanol, ethanol, and butanol, followed by thorough spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photometric evaluations. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a semi-crystalline framework, while FTIR analysis identified vibrational modes related to hydroxyl, aromatic, and glycosidic structures. LC–MS analysis detected key derivatives at <em>m/z</em> 287.01 (methanol), 385.02 (ethanol), and 463.09 (butanol), indicating solvent-induced modifications. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated solvatochromic behavior, revealing direct band gaps of 3.01 eV (methanol), 3.03 eV (ethanol), and 3.25 eV (butanol), along with indirect gaps of 1.92, 2.02, and 2.70 eV, respectively. Electrochemical studies confirmed pseudocapacitive redox activity, with methanol showing the lowest HOMO value (−7.1 eV) and butanol exhibiting the highest diffusion coefficient (4.25 × 10<sup>−4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s). Cyanidin extracted using butanol achieved peak electrochemical performance metrics: specific capacitance of 88.75 F/g at 10 mV/s, energy density of 7.10 Wh/kg, and power density of 17.7 W/kg. Photoluminescence analysis revealed solvent-tuned intramolecular charge transfer, with emissions ranging from 734 to 764 nm, quantum yields of 0.837 (methanol), 0.765 (ethanol), and 0.751 (butanol), and lifetimes of 0.25–0.21 ns. Chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.62–0.66, y = 0.28–0.32) positioned emissions in the deep-red to near-infrared spectrum, demonstrating high color purity (79.6 %), a CRI of up to 83, and correlated color temperatures of 1000–1099 K. Photostability tests indicated the least degradation in ethanol (5.75 % over 120 days). Collectively, these results establish cyanidin as a sustainable, high-performance material for dual applications in supercapacitors and red/NIR OLED platforms, with engineering strategies such as encapsulation and co-doping suggested to enhance long-term operational durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113413
Luis Crovetto , M. Paz Fernández-Liencres , Elena Villegas-Garcia , Jodie Henningway , M. Dolores Giron , Ramon Rios , Amparo Navarro , Jose M. Paredes
This work explores the development, photophysical study, and application of a new fluorescent molecule based on BODIPY for sensing intracellular polarity which behaves as an unimolecular ratiometric probe. The experimental data show that the emission spectra of this molecule feature two distinct peaks in different solvents: one stable at 525 nm and another that shifts between 656 nm and 690 nm depending on the solvent polarity. Theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT confirm the nature of these dual emission from the S2 and S1 excited states, respectively, and their sensitivity to solvent polarity. The study demonstrates that this molecule exhibits anti-Kasha fluorescence, which can be tuned by the surrounding environment, making it a potential tool for polarity sensing. The application of this compound in live cells shows its rapid uptake and ability to differentiate between various cellular compartments based on different polarity, using the S1/S2 ratio from the two emission channels. This research provides valuable insights into the development of efficient and specific fluorescent probes for visualizing and monitoring intra-cellular polarity contributing to advancements in cellular biology and medicine.
{"title":"Anti-Kasha fluorescence for polarity detection in cellular compartments","authors":"Luis Crovetto , M. Paz Fernández-Liencres , Elena Villegas-Garcia , Jodie Henningway , M. Dolores Giron , Ramon Rios , Amparo Navarro , Jose M. Paredes","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the development, photophysical study, and application of a new fluorescent molecule based on BODIPY for sensing intracellular polarity which behaves as an unimolecular ratiometric probe. The experimental data show that the emission spectra of this molecule feature two distinct peaks in different solvents: one stable at 525 nm and another that shifts between 656 nm and 690 nm depending on the solvent polarity. Theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT confirm the nature of these dual emission from the S<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>1</sub> excited states, respectively, and their sensitivity to solvent polarity. The study demonstrates that this molecule exhibits anti-Kasha fluorescence, which can be tuned by the surrounding environment, making it a potential tool for polarity sensing. The application of this compound in live cells shows its rapid uptake and ability to differentiate between various cellular compartments based on different polarity, using the S1/S2 ratio from the two emission channels. This research provides valuable insights into the development of efficient and specific fluorescent probes for visualizing and monitoring intra-cellular polarity contributing to advancements in cellular biology and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113411
Yongchuang Li , Haiyue Liu , Caixia Yin , Fangjun Huo
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, behavioral abnormalities, and impaired daily living abilities. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for slowing disease advancement. Current detection technologies exhibit significant limitations in addressing the complexity and dynamic pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, fluorescent probes, as highly sensitive and specific bioimaging tools, have demonstrated remarkable potential in Alzheimer's disease research. The ongoing advancement of innovative near-infrared (NIR) organic small-molecule fluorescent probes has opened new possibilities for early disease detection and mechanistic investigation of pathological processes. This article comprehensively discusses and summarizes the pathological relevance of fluorescent probes targeting diverse bioactive markers in Alzheimer's disease—including amyloid β-protein (Aβ), reactive sulphur species (RSS)/thiols (RSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)—along with the molecular interaction mechanisms of these probes and their potential applications in early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The review further elucidates the synergistic roles of oxidative stress, aberrant protein deposition, and sulphur metabolism imbalance in neurodegenerative progression, with the goal of promoting the design and utilization of fluorescent probes for Alzheimer's disease detection and investigation.
{"title":"Advances in fluorescent probe design and imaging applications for Alzheimer's disease biomarker","authors":"Yongchuang Li , Haiyue Liu , Caixia Yin , Fangjun Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, behavioral abnormalities, and impaired daily living abilities. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for slowing disease advancement. Current detection technologies exhibit significant limitations in addressing the complexity and dynamic pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, fluorescent probes, as highly sensitive and specific bioimaging tools, have demonstrated remarkable potential in Alzheimer's disease research. The ongoing advancement of innovative near-infrared (NIR) organic small-molecule fluorescent probes has opened new possibilities for early disease detection and mechanistic investigation of pathological processes. This article comprehensively discusses and summarizes the pathological relevance of fluorescent probes targeting diverse bioactive markers in Alzheimer's disease—including amyloid <em>β</em>-protein (A<em>β</em>), reactive sulphur species (RSS)/thiols (RSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)—along with the molecular interaction mechanisms of these probes and their potential applications in early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The review further elucidates the synergistic roles of oxidative stress, aberrant protein deposition, and sulphur metabolism imbalance in neurodegenerative progression, with the goal of promoting the design and utilization of fluorescent probes for Alzheimer's disease detection and investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113394
Heng Jiang , Tingxia Yan , Xiaokun Huang , Chi Li , Xinhua Ouyang
Textured Czochralski-grown silicon (CZ-Si) integrated with metal halide perovskites present a promising strategy toward low-cost and high-efficiency tandem photovoltaics due to their superior light-trapping capabilities. The challenges in the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (P/S-TSCs) is the hole-selective layers (HSLs) that facilitate efficient charge extraction while preventing interfacial shunting. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) often suffer from incomplete coverage and limited reproducibility on textured surfaces. In this study, we present a novel self-assembling molecule, 5-(11H-benzo [a]carbazol-11-yl)isophthalic acid (IPABCz), designed with extended π-conjugation and dual anchoring functionality that demonstrates remarkable texture tolerance on CZ-Si. To fabricate wide-bandgap (∼1.68 eV) single-junction perovskite solar cells, devices utilizing IPABCz as the hole transport layer (HTL) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.36 % and exhibited an almost negligible hysteresis of 0.94 %. Notably, the highest PCE recorded for the P/S-TSC based on IPABCz as HSL on textured CZ-Si reached up to 30.56 %. Importantly, both device configurations highlight significant improvements in stability. These findings provide a viable strategy for designing texture-tolerant HSLs that can enhance performance in tandem photovoltaic applications.
CZ-Si与金属卤化物钙钛矿相结合，具有优异的光捕获能力，是一种很有前途的低成本、高效率串联光伏技术。钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池（P/ s - tsc）面临的挑战是空穴选择层（hsl），它可以促进有效的电荷提取，同时防止界面分流。自组装单层膜（SAMs）在纹理表面上经常存在覆盖不完全和重现性有限的问题。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的自组装分子，5-（11h -苯并[a]咔唑-11-基）间苯二甲酸（IPABCz），它具有扩展π共轭和双锚定功能，对CZ-Si具有显著的耐织构性。为了制造宽带隙（~ 1.68 eV）单结钙钛矿太阳能电池，利用IPABCz作为空穴传输层（HTL）的器件实现了21.36%的功率转换效率（PCE），并且表现出几乎可以忽略不计的0.94%的滞后。值得注意的是，基于IPABCz的P/S-TSC的最高PCE记录为基于CZ-Si的HSL达到30.56%。重要的是，这两种设备配置都突出了稳定性的显著提高。这些发现为设计耐纹理的hsl提供了一种可行的策略，可以提高串联光伏应用的性能。
{"title":"Novel benzocarbazole-based hole-transport/selective layer with texture-tolerance for efficient perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics","authors":"Heng Jiang , Tingxia Yan , Xiaokun Huang , Chi Li , Xinhua Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textured Czochralski-grown silicon (CZ-Si) integrated with metal halide perovskites present a promising strategy toward low-cost and high-efficiency tandem photovoltaics due to their superior light-trapping capabilities. The challenges in the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (P/S-TSCs) is the hole-selective layers (HSLs) that facilitate efficient charge extraction while preventing interfacial shunting. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) often suffer from incomplete coverage and limited reproducibility on textured surfaces. In this study, we present a novel self-assembling molecule, 5-(11H-benzo [<em>a</em>]carbazol-11-yl)isophthalic acid (IPABCz), designed with extended π-conjugation and dual anchoring functionality that demonstrates remarkable texture tolerance on CZ-Si. To fabricate wide-bandgap (∼1.68 eV) single-junction perovskite solar cells, devices utilizing IPABCz as the hole transport layer (HTL) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.36 % and exhibited an almost negligible hysteresis of 0.94 %. Notably, the highest PCE recorded for the P/S-TSC based on IPABCz as HSL on textured CZ-Si reached up to 30.56 %. Importantly, both device configurations highlight significant improvements in stability. These findings provide a viable strategy for designing texture-tolerant HSLs that can enhance performance in tandem photovoltaic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113409
Ningxi Wu , Sirui Hang , Shuying Chen , Kai Wang , Yue Zheng
We report the design and synthesis of CatP, a sulfur-substituted hemicyanine-based activatable probe, for the sensitive detection of cathepsin B (CatB) activity. This probe was applied to study the dynamic changes of hepatic CatB in diabetic mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disease. The probe incorporates a Val-Cit linker specifically cleaved by CatB, triggering an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism that generates strong near-infrared (750 nm) fluorescence and photoacoustic signals. Structural optimization through sulfur substitution significantly enhanced photoacoustic signal intensity compared to conventional oxygen-substituted analogs. In diabetic mouse models, CatP revealed significantly elevated hepatic CatB activity, which was normalized by metformin treatment as confirmed by both in vivo imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence. Comprehensive biosafety evaluation demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with >90 % cell viability and no observable organ toxicity. These findings establish sulfur-modified hemicyanine as a promising scaffold for developing high-performance activatable probes, and demonstrate the value of CatP as a functional dye for studying protease activity in biomedical research.
{"title":"In vivo tracking of hepatic cathepsin B in diabetes using a sulfur-modified hemicyanine-based activatable imaging probe","authors":"Ningxi Wu , Sirui Hang , Shuying Chen , Kai Wang , Yue Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the design and synthesis of CatP, a sulfur-substituted hemicyanine-based activatable probe, for the sensitive detection of cathepsin B (CatB) activity. This probe was applied to study the dynamic changes of hepatic CatB in diabetic mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disease. The probe incorporates a Val-Cit linker specifically cleaved by CatB, triggering an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism that generates strong near-infrared (750 nm) fluorescence and photoacoustic signals. Structural optimization through sulfur substitution significantly enhanced photoacoustic signal intensity compared to conventional oxygen-substituted analogs. In diabetic mouse models, CatP revealed significantly elevated hepatic CatB activity, which was normalized by metformin treatment as confirmed by both in vivo imaging and ex vivo immunofluorescence. Comprehensive biosafety evaluation demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with >90 % cell viability and no observable organ toxicity. These findings establish sulfur-modified hemicyanine as a promising scaffold for developing high-performance activatable probes, and demonstrate the value of CatP as a functional dye for studying protease activity in biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113405
Amit Gupta, Ashish P. Singh, Prashant R. Singh, Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Parietin is an orange anthraquinone secondary metabolite found in the top layer of the upper cortex of some lichens such as Xanthoria elegans. In the present investigation, parietin was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongwith photodiode-array detection and HRMS (retention time: 6.7 min; UV λmax: 265.3, 286.7 and 434 nm; [M+H]+m/z: 284). Cyanobacterial cells are severely damaged by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which mainly affects their lipids, proteins, DNA, and photosynthetic efficiency. This reduces the survival of cyanobacteria and ultimately causes cell death. Hence, the photoprotective properties of parietin against UV-irradiated Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells were evaluated. UV-screening effects of parietin with regard to photosynthetic pigments, phycocyanin content (PC), lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic performance and quenching coefficients (FV/FM, rETR and Y(NPQ)) were determined. In addition, in vivo ROS, antioxidative enzyme (SOD and CAT) and cell viability using flow cytometry (FCM) were evaluated for the first time. The results show that various dosages of parietin have effective photoprotective activity, neutralizing the harmful effects of UVR in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Because of its strong UV-absorbing ability and non-toxic characteristics, parietin may be preferably used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Parietin是一种橙色蒽醌次生代谢物，存在于一些地衣（如秀丽黄原菌）的上皮层顶层。本研究采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、光电二极管阵列检测和HRMS（保留时间：6.7 min；紫外最大波长：265.3、286.7和434 nm； [M+H]+ M /z: 284）对parietin进行了表征。蓝藻细胞受到紫外线辐射（UVR）的严重损害，主要影响它们的脂质、蛋白质、DNA和光合效率。这减少了蓝藻的生存，最终导致细胞死亡。因此，本研究评价了parietin对紫外光照射的胞囊藻pcc6803细胞的光防护性能。测定了百叶素对光合色素、藻蓝蛋白含量（PC）、脂质过氧化、光合性能和猝灭系数（FV/FM、rETR和Y(NPQ)）的紫外线屏蔽作用。此外，首次采用流式细胞术（FCM）对小鼠体内活性氧（ROS）、抗氧化酶（SOD和CAT）及细胞活力进行了测定。结果表明，不同剂量的参碧素均具有有效的光防护活性，可中和紫外线对蓝细菌聚囊藻（synnechocystis sp. PCC 6803）的有害作用。由于其较强的紫外线吸收能力和无毒的特点，在制药和化妆品工业中有较好的应用前景。
{"title":"Photoprotective role of the lichen pigment parietin against UVR-induced damage in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803","authors":"Amit Gupta, Ashish P. Singh, Prashant R. Singh, Rajeshwar P. Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parietin is an orange anthraquinone secondary metabolite found in the top layer of the upper cortex of some lichens such as <em>Xanthoria elegans</em>. In the present investigation, parietin was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongwith photodiode-array detection and HRMS (retention time: 6.7 min; UV <em>λ<sub>max</sub></em>: 265.3, 286.7 and 434 nm; [M+H]+<em>m/z</em>: 284). Cyanobacterial cells are severely damaged by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which mainly affects their lipids, proteins, DNA, and photosynthetic efficiency. This reduces the survival of cyanobacteria and ultimately causes cell death. Hence, the photoprotective properties of parietin against UV-irradiated <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC 6803 cells were evaluated. UV-screening effects of parietin with regard to photosynthetic pigments, phycocyanin content (PC), lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic performance and quenching coefficients (F<sub>V</sub>/F<sub>M</sub>, rETR and Y(NPQ)) were determined. In addition, <em>in vivo</em> ROS, antioxidative enzyme (SOD and CAT) and cell viability using flow cytometry (FCM) were evaluated for the first time. The results show that various dosages of parietin have effective photoprotective activity, neutralizing the harmful effects of UVR in the cyanobacterium <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC 6803. Because of its strong UV-absorbing ability and non-toxic characteristics, parietin may be preferably used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113403
Haijuan Du , Chunyue Huang , Xin Huang , Shaobo Wang , Dongwei Wang , Yazhong Qu , Ruiyang Zhu , Junqi Wang
Supramolecular chemistry-based molecular engineering offers a new approach for the precise design and controllable assembly of fluorescent dyes through the regulation of non-covalent interactions, enabling performance optimization and functional applications in fields such as smart textiles. In this work, three novel crystalline fluorescent dye salts based on berberine (BB) and inorganic ions or organic aromatic acids have been designed and synthesized by supramolecular self-assembly. Especially, the optical properties of these salts were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the supramolecular salts exhibited enhanced thermal stability, improved fluorescence efficiency (efficiency of berberine-nitrate acid salt increased to 21.35 % compared to 6.38 % for berberine chloride), and notable blue shifts in their emission spectra. And density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed that the increase of calculated energy gap correlated well with the observed spectral blue shifts. These may suggest that the optical characteristics can be regulated by host cations via electron-withdrawing effect of guest ions through electrostatic interaction. Silk fabrics were dyed with berberine chloride and three salts. The results indicated that berberine-nitrate acid salt exhibited excellent color strength on salt-dyed silk fabric, and all dyes showed significant acid responsiveness after subsequent HCl vapor treatment. The high fluorescence efficiency and acid-sensitive chromism properties of these salts highlight their immense potential in smart textiles.
{"title":"Research on fluorescence enhancement and acid-induced chromic behaviors of berberine-based supramolecular self-assembled systems driven by host-guest interactions","authors":"Haijuan Du , Chunyue Huang , Xin Huang , Shaobo Wang , Dongwei Wang , Yazhong Qu , Ruiyang Zhu , Junqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supramolecular chemistry-based molecular engineering offers a new approach for the precise design and controllable assembly of fluorescent dyes through the regulation of non-covalent interactions, enabling performance optimization and functional applications in fields such as smart textiles. In this work, three novel crystalline fluorescent dye salts based on berberine (BB) and inorganic ions or organic aromatic acids have been designed and synthesized by supramolecular self-assembly. Especially, the optical properties of these salts were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the supramolecular salts exhibited enhanced thermal stability, improved fluorescence efficiency (efficiency of berberine-nitrate acid salt increased to 21.35 % compared to 6.38 % for berberine chloride), and notable blue shifts in their emission spectra. And density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed that the increase of calculated energy gap correlated well with the observed spectral blue shifts. These may suggest that the optical characteristics can be regulated by host cations via electron-withdrawing effect of guest ions through electrostatic interaction. Silk fabrics were dyed with berberine chloride and three salts. The results indicated that berberine-nitrate acid salt exhibited excellent color strength on salt-dyed silk fabric, and all dyes showed significant acid responsiveness after subsequent HCl vapor treatment. The high fluorescence efficiency and acid-sensitive chromism properties of these salts highlight their immense potential in smart textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 113403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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