Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113551
Yeonsu Choi , Nara Han , Jong-Woon Ha , Dong-Yu Kim
The quinoid strategy is regarded as a promising approach for fabricating high-performance organic semiconductor materials. However, the applications of quinoidal conjugated polymers (QCPs) are mostly limited to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and their photovoltaic applications remain challenging. In this study, two novel QCPs, PQ-H and PQ-F, were designed and synthesized by incorporating isomer-free deep-energy-level quinoid units. Using them as third components, ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices combining the polymer donor PM6 and small-molecule acceptor Y6 were fabricated in an inverted configuration. The complementary absorption behavior of the QCPs with PM6 and Y6 enhanced light harvesting. In particular, owing to the achievement of an ideal morphology by introducing QCPs, the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the ternary OPVs were improved. Consequently, by incorporating 1 wt% PQ-H and 2 wt% PQ-F in the ternary films, higher average power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 14.16 % and 14.54 %, respectively, were recorded compared to that of PM6:Y6 binary OPVs (13.63 %). This study demonstrates that with a suitable molecular design approach, QCPs can act as photoactive materials and their small amounts can significantly affect the performance of ternary OPVs to enhance all photovoltaic parameters.
{"title":"Rational design of isatin-based quinoidal conjugated polymers for efficient organic photovoltaics with dual donor ternary strategy","authors":"Yeonsu Choi , Nara Han , Jong-Woon Ha , Dong-Yu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quinoid strategy is regarded as a promising approach for fabricating high-performance organic semiconductor materials. However, the applications of quinoidal conjugated polymers (QCPs) are mostly limited to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and their photovoltaic applications remain challenging. In this study, two novel QCPs, PQ-H and PQ-F, were designed and synthesized by incorporating isomer-free deep-energy-level quinoid units. Using them as third components, ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices combining the polymer donor PM6 and small-molecule acceptor Y6 were fabricated in an inverted configuration. The complementary absorption behavior of the QCPs with PM6 and Y6 enhanced light harvesting. In particular, owing to the achievement of an ideal morphology by introducing QCPs, the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub>) of the ternary OPVs were improved. Consequently, by incorporating 1 wt% PQ-H and 2 wt% PQ-F in the ternary films, higher average power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 14.16 % and 14.54 %, respectively, were recorded compared to that of PM6:Y6 binary OPVs (13.63 %). This study demonstrates that with a suitable molecular design approach, QCPs can act as photoactive materials and their small amounts can significantly affect the performance of ternary OPVs to enhance all photovoltaic parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113550
Erivaldo P. da Costa , André H. de Oliveira , José V.S. Medeiros , Thiago I.S. Santos , Gustavo S. dos Santos , Ioris R.C. Eeckhout , Jannyely M. Neri , Eduard Westphal , Renata M. Araújo , Rodrigo Cristiano , Miguel A.F. de Souza , Fabrício G. Menezes
Liquid crystals (LCs) are still of great scientific and technological interest, with many possibilities of application still on the horizon. Many of the mesogenic structures present heterocycles as a source of structural modifications and even of differentiated properties. Quinoxalines are among the commonly used heterocycles. However, its use is almost restricted to discotic LCs, being practically neglected in calamitic and bent structures. In this study, we report the synthesis, liquid crystalline behavior, and optical properties of four 4-(quinoxalin-2-yl)phenyl 4-alkoxylbenzoates-based hockey-stick like mesogens, a yet unexplored scaffold with molecular anisotropy. All target-compounds were characterized as enantiotropic liquid crystals, with interesting mesophase ranges (up to 111 °C), which were identified as both nematic and smectic. Their mesophases were characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We found that small structural differences in the compounds can lead to distinct phase transition patterns. The photophysical data obtained in different solvents revealed that the presence of two ortho-methyl substituents on the quinoxaline ring significantly enhances the fluorescence of the mesogenic compounds compared with the unsubstituted analog, leading to higher emissions, particularly in methanol solution (ϕPL = 15 %). In addition, a relevant aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) was verified in aqueous acetonitrile (ϕPL = 29 %) and notably in methanol (ϕPL = 61 %). Furthermore, whereas protonation of quinoxaline does not lead to fluorescence improvement in polar solvents, a prominent emission increase is observed in dichloromethane. The acidochromic response of methyl-substituted compound enables acid sensing in biphasic system as well as sequential gaseous acid/base detection using a paper-based disposable sensor. Computational studies support experimental findings on distinct photophysical behavior of unsubstituted and ortho-dimethyl-substituted quinoxaline mesogens, in which emission observed in the later mesogen is strongly modulated by structural relaxation and oscillator strengths. The results herein reported are relevant to the development of fluorescent calamitic quinoxaline-based liquid crystals, still marginally reported.
{"title":"Thermal, mesomorphic and photophysical properties of hockey stick-like quinoxaline-based liquid crystals","authors":"Erivaldo P. da Costa , André H. de Oliveira , José V.S. Medeiros , Thiago I.S. Santos , Gustavo S. dos Santos , Ioris R.C. Eeckhout , Jannyely M. Neri , Eduard Westphal , Renata M. Araújo , Rodrigo Cristiano , Miguel A.F. de Souza , Fabrício G. Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid crystals (LCs) are still of great scientific and technological interest, with many possibilities of application still on the horizon. Many of the mesogenic structures present heterocycles as a source of structural modifications and even of differentiated properties. Quinoxalines are among the commonly used heterocycles. However, its use is almost restricted to discotic LCs, being practically neglected in calamitic and bent structures. In this study, we report the synthesis, liquid crystalline behavior, and optical properties of four 4-(quinoxalin-2-yl)phenyl 4-alkoxylbenzoates-based hockey-stick like mesogens, a yet unexplored scaffold with molecular anisotropy. All target-compounds were characterized as enantiotropic liquid crystals, with interesting mesophase ranges (up to 111 °C), which were identified as both nematic and smectic. Their mesophases were characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We found that small structural differences in the compounds can lead to distinct phase transition patterns. The photophysical data obtained in different solvents revealed that the presence of two <em>ortho</em>-methyl substituents on the quinoxaline ring significantly enhances the fluorescence of the mesogenic compounds compared with the unsubstituted analog, leading to higher emissions, particularly in methanol solution (ϕ<sub>PL</sub> = 15 %). In addition, a relevant aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) was verified in aqueous acetonitrile (ϕ<sub>PL</sub> = 29 %) and notably in methanol (ϕ<sub>PL</sub> = 61 %). Furthermore, whereas protonation of quinoxaline does not lead to fluorescence improvement in polar solvents, a prominent emission increase is observed in dichloromethane. The acidochromic response of methyl-substituted compound enables acid sensing in biphasic system as well as sequential gaseous acid/base detection using a paper-based disposable sensor. Computational studies support experimental findings on distinct photophysical behavior of unsubstituted and ortho-dimethyl-substituted quinoxaline mesogens, in which emission observed in the later mesogen is strongly modulated by structural relaxation and oscillator strengths. The results herein reported are relevant to the development of fluorescent calamitic quinoxaline-based liquid crystals, still marginally reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113547
Jiahui Cai , Yuwei Du , Huimin Miao , Yingge Cong , Minghui Zan , Ruhong Yan , Li Li , Juan Yue
The overuse of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics has raised significant environmental and health concerns, while traditional detection methods face challenges in real-time monitoring and intracellular analysis. In this study, sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method, using biotin and o-phenylenediamine as precursors. The resulting S-CDs exhibit three key functional properties: (1) a highly sensitive fluorescent quenching response to TC, with a detection limit of 76.6 nM and a linear range of 0–200 μM, driven by specific molecular interactions (inner filter effect and static quenching); (2) pH-dependent fluorescence signaling (pH 2.0–8.0) attributed to protonation of surface acid-base groups; and (3) selective lysosomal targeting, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.95, confirmed by confocal microscopy in HeLa cells and zebrafish models. The S-CDs demonstrated excellent recoveries (97.07–107.99 %) in real food samples (milk, beef, and pork) and exhibited negligible cytotoxicity. This work effectively integrates environmental pollutant detection with intracellular microenvironment analysis, providing a versatile tool for investigating TC-induced lysosomal dysfunction and advancing food safety monitoring and biomedical imaging.
{"title":"Multifunctional sulfur-doped carbon dots for tetracycline residue analysis in food and intracellular lysosomal pH tracking","authors":"Jiahui Cai , Yuwei Du , Huimin Miao , Yingge Cong , Minghui Zan , Ruhong Yan , Li Li , Juan Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overuse of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics has raised significant environmental and health concerns, while traditional detection methods face challenges in real-time monitoring and intracellular analysis. In this study, sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method, using biotin and <em>o</em>-phenylenediamine as precursors. The resulting S-CDs exhibit three key functional properties: (1) a highly sensitive fluorescent quenching response to TC, with a detection limit of 76.6 nM and a linear range of 0–200 μM, driven by specific molecular interactions (inner filter effect and static quenching); (2) pH-dependent fluorescence signaling (pH 2.0–8.0) attributed to protonation of surface acid-base groups; and (3) selective lysosomal targeting, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.95, confirmed by confocal microscopy in HeLa cells and zebrafish models. The S-CDs demonstrated excellent recoveries (97.07–107.99 %) in real food samples (milk, beef, and pork) and exhibited negligible cytotoxicity. This work effectively integrates environmental pollutant detection with intracellular microenvironment analysis, providing a versatile tool for investigating TC-induced lysosomal dysfunction and advancing food safety monitoring and biomedical imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113549
Yurii B. Tsaplev , Aleksei V. Trofimov
The protonated form of trimethylthionine (TH+) exhibits the pKa value of 12.2 ± 0.2. In acidified (HCl) benzene, TH+Cl− forms a colloidal solution, in which disintegration of nanoparticles proceeds upon addition of DMSO yielding a molecular solution of TH+ manifested by red fluorescence. The high basicity of the trimethylthionine deprotonated form opens up the possibility of using trimethylthionine as an efficient sensor of weak proton donors in aprotic solvents, as it has been exemplary illustrated by the detection of water in DMSO.
{"title":"Acid-base and spectral properties of trimethylthionine","authors":"Yurii B. Tsaplev , Aleksei V. Trofimov","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2026.113549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protonated form of trimethylthionine (TH<sup>+</sup>) exhibits the pK<sub>a</sub> value of 12.2 ± 0.2. In acidified (HCl) benzene, TH<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup> forms a colloidal solution, in which disintegration of nanoparticles proceeds upon addition of DMSO yielding a molecular solution of TH<sup>+</sup> manifested by red fluorescence. The high basicity of the trimethylthionine deprotonated form opens up the possibility of using trimethylthionine as an efficient sensor of weak proton donors in aprotic solvents, as it has been exemplary illustrated by the detection of water in DMSO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113548
Xinyu Yang, Mengxuan Fang, Li Zhang, Yang Li, Cheng Yichong, Dalai Jin, Longcheng Wang
This study reports the rational design of a Eu-functionalized HOF (Eu@MCABDA, Probe 1) for dual-mode detection of Fe3+ and Cr3+ in aqueous environments, coupled with advanced information encryption applications. Through synergistic hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions, the hierarchical assembly of melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) frameworks, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA), and Eu3+ ions yields a water-stable luminescent probe exhibiting characteristic Eu3+ emissions at 614 nm. Systematic investigations reveal distinct quenching mechanisms: Fe3+ induces emission suppression via competitive UV–Vis absorption, dynamic quenching, and photo-induced electron transfer (PET), while Cr3+ triggers blue emission recovery through framework interaction-mediated energy transfer disruption. Probe 1 demonstrates exceptional sensitivity with detection limits of 0.17 μM (Fe3+) and 3.67 μM (Cr3+), along with remarkable selectivity against interfering ions. Leveraging specific fluorescence and phosphorescence responses of metal ions, a sodium alginate-immobilized hydrogel film (Probe 1@SA) enables dual-mode visual detection via smartphone RGB analysis and implements a cryptographic grid array for anti-counterfeiting. This work establishes HOFs-based composites as versatile platforms for environmental monitoring and optical information security, merging molecular sensing with materials science innovation.
{"title":"Dual-functional luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic framework for selective Fe3+/Cr3+ sensing and cryptographic information encryption","authors":"Xinyu Yang, Mengxuan Fang, Li Zhang, Yang Li, Cheng Yichong, Dalai Jin, Longcheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the rational design of a Eu-functionalized HOF (Eu@MCABDA, Probe 1) for dual-mode detection of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous environments, coupled with advanced information encryption applications. Through synergistic hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions, the hierarchical assembly of melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) frameworks, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA), and Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions yields a water-stable luminescent probe exhibiting characteristic Eu<sup>3+</sup> emissions at 614 nm. Systematic investigations reveal distinct quenching mechanisms: Fe<sup>3+</sup> induces emission suppression via competitive UV–Vis absorption, dynamic quenching, and photo-induced electron transfer (PET), while Cr<sup>3+</sup> triggers blue emission recovery through framework interaction-mediated energy transfer disruption. Probe 1 demonstrates exceptional sensitivity with detection limits of 0.17 μM (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) and 3.67 μM (Cr<sup>3+</sup>), along with remarkable selectivity against interfering ions. Leveraging specific fluorescence and phosphorescence responses of metal ions, a sodium alginate-immobilized hydrogel film (Probe 1@SA) enables dual-mode visual detection via smartphone RGB analysis and implements a cryptographic grid array for anti-counterfeiting. This work establishes HOFs-based composites as versatile platforms for environmental monitoring and optical information security, merging molecular sensing with materials science innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113542
Weibin Chen , Zepeng Wei , Muyi Cai , Nuo Xu , Qing Zhang , Geng-Geng Luo , Yalian Weng , Jianhua Huang
B←N-embedded heteroaromatic molecules have been focused with great interests due to their unique optoelectronic properties and potential applications to electronic devices. Otherwise, studies on regulating the optoelectronic properties and packing modes by tailoring the B←N orientations have not been disclosed. Herein, based on two diazine moieties, i.e., pyrazine and pyrimidine, we designed four B←N-embedded molecules with different B←N orientations and numbers. The packing modes, absorption spectra, bandgaps, and photoluminescence properties are finely tuned by varying the B←N orientations and numbers. Interestingly, the isomers of pyrazine-derived p-2BN and pyrimidine-derived m-2BN exhibit completely different optical bandgaps (1.89 vs 2.54 eV), emission colors (red vs blue), full width at half maximum (fwhm, 97 vs 36 nm), and Stokes shifts (82 vs 10 nm), although their elementary compositions are exactly identical. Red, green, and blue emission colors are reached by tailoring the B←N orientations and numbers and panchromatic emission with CIE coordinate (0.32, 0.32) is realized by mixing the three colors. This work extended pathway of regulating optoelectronic properties of B←N-embedded heteroaromatic molecules, which can be widely applied to the design of B←N-embedded functional molecules.
嵌入B←n的杂芳香分子由于其独特的光电性质和在电子器件中的潜在应用而引起了人们的极大兴趣。另外，通过调整B←N取向来调节光电性能和封装模式的研究尚未公开。本文以吡嗪和嘧啶这两个嘧啶基团为基础，设计了4个B←N取向和数目不同的B←N嵌入分子。通过改变B←N的取向和数量，可以很好地调整填料模式、吸收光谱、带隙和光致发光性能。有趣的是，吡嗪衍生的p- 20和嘧啶衍生的m- 20的异构体表现出完全不同的光学带隙（1.89 vs 2.54 eV），发射颜色（红色vs蓝色），最大半宽（fwhm, 97 vs 36 nm）和斯托克斯位移（82 vs 10 nm），尽管它们的基本成分完全相同。通过调整B←N的方向和数量，可以获得红、绿、蓝三种发射色，三种颜色混合可以实现具有CIE坐标（0.32,0.32）的全色发射。本工作拓展了B←n包埋杂芳香分子光电特性的调控途径，可广泛应用于B←n包埋功能分子的设计。
{"title":"B←N orientations and numbers driven regulation of packing modes and optoelectronic properties to realize panchromatic emission","authors":"Weibin Chen , Zepeng Wei , Muyi Cai , Nuo Xu , Qing Zhang , Geng-Geng Luo , Yalian Weng , Jianhua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>B←N-embedded heteroaromatic molecules have been focused with great interests due to their unique optoelectronic properties and potential applications to electronic devices. Otherwise, studies on regulating the optoelectronic properties and packing modes by tailoring the B←N orientations have not been disclosed. Herein, based on two diazine moieties, i.e., pyrazine and pyrimidine, we designed four B←N-embedded molecules with different B←N orientations and numbers. The packing modes, absorption spectra, bandgaps, and photoluminescence properties are finely tuned by varying the B←N orientations and numbers. Interestingly, the isomers of pyrazine-derived <em>p</em>-2BN and pyrimidine-derived <em>m</em>-2BN exhibit completely different optical bandgaps (1.89 <em>vs</em> 2.54 eV), emission colors (red <em>vs</em> blue), full width at half maximum (fwhm, 97 <em>vs</em> 36 nm), and Stokes shifts (82 <em>vs</em> 10 nm), although their elementary compositions are exactly identical. Red, green, and blue emission colors are reached by tailoring the B←N orientations and numbers and panchromatic emission with CIE coordinate (0.32, 0.32) is realized by mixing the three colors. This work extended pathway of regulating optoelectronic properties of B←N-embedded heteroaromatic molecules, which can be widely applied to the design of B←N-embedded functional molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitroxynil (NIT) is a commonly used veterinary medicine to treat fascioliasis in food and milk producing cattle and sheep. The residues from the edible animal food products cause severe health issues in humans. Therefore, it is of significant importance to generate an analytical approach for the detection of NIT in food products. Herein, the tyrosine derived carbon dots (T-CDs) were successfully synthesized by a simple one step hydrothermal method using tyrosine and ethylenediamine. The preparation conditions of T-CDs were optimized and analysed by UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, PXRD, TEM, FT-IR and XPS. T-CDs shows high selectivity, good anti-interference ability (1500–fold), high sensitivity (LOD: 5.2 nM), fast response (5 min) towards the detection of NIT. T-CDs expressed contrast fluorescent confocal images depending on its concentration and NIT concentration. The detection of NIT in food samples such as cow meat, mutton, cow milk and also human urine samples was demonstrated. Good recovery results were achieved and the acquired findings were validated by HPLC detection method. All of the results prove that the present sensing strategy is simple, sensitive, selective towards NIT in food and urine samples, it provides a pathway to create an interesting new fluorescent sensor for the estimation of NIT.
{"title":"Tyrosine-derived carbon dots as a highly sensitive sensor for nitroxynil in food, urine, and live cells","authors":"Hao Tang , Jindong Dai , Jian Shen , Mian Zhang , Xue Xia , Thangamani Kanagaraj , Dongwei Zhu , Kanagaraj Rajalakshmi , Muthusamy Selvaraj , Siyi Wu , Xiaodong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitroxynil (NIT) is a commonly used veterinary medicine to treat fascioliasis in food and milk producing cattle and sheep. The residues from the edible animal food products cause severe health issues in humans. Therefore, it is of significant importance to generate an analytical approach for the detection of NIT in food products. Herein, the tyrosine derived carbon dots (T-CDs) were successfully synthesized by a simple one step hydrothermal method using tyrosine and ethylenediamine. The preparation conditions of T-CDs were optimized and analysed by UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, PXRD, TEM, FT-IR and XPS. T-CDs shows high selectivity, good anti-interference ability (1500–fold), high sensitivity (LOD: 5.2 nM), fast response (5 min) towards the detection of NIT. T-CDs expressed contrast fluorescent confocal images depending on its concentration and NIT concentration. The detection of NIT in food samples such as cow meat, mutton, cow milk and also human urine samples was demonstrated. Good recovery results were achieved and the acquired findings were validated by HPLC detection method. All of the results prove that the present sensing strategy is simple, sensitive, selective towards NIT in food and urine samples, it provides a pathway to create an interesting new fluorescent sensor for the estimation of NIT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113544
Shanting Liu , Xi Kang , Bumeng Guo , Zewei Song , Shuang Li , Yinghan Li , Sheng Hua Liu , Zhao Chen
Due to their distinctive stimulus-responsive properties, materials exhibiting hypsochromic mechanofluorochromism (MFC) or force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity have demonstrated remarkable application potential in the field of information security. This study designed and synthesized two novel fluorene-based dinuclear gold(I) complexes, 1 and 2. Both molecules exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Specifically, complex 1 showed reversible hypsochromic MFC. In contrast, complex 2 exhibited force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity. It is worth noting that 2 is the first example of gold(I)-based luminogen capable of simultaneously exhibiting AIE and force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity. Based on the force-induced significant fluorescence attenuation feature of luminogenic complex 2, an interesting information anticounterfeiting system involving a pizza model was successfully established. This work not only reports the first example of AIE-active gold(I) complex featuring anisotropic mechanical force-induced pronounced fluorescence reduction but also provides a valuable reference for anticounterfeit applications of mechanically responsive luminogens.
{"title":"Fluorene-based gold(I)-containing AIEgens with substituents exhibiting diverse electronic effects: hypsochromic mechanofluorochromism, force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity and its anti-counterfeiting application","authors":"Shanting Liu , Xi Kang , Bumeng Guo , Zewei Song , Shuang Li , Yinghan Li , Sheng Hua Liu , Zhao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their distinctive stimulus-responsive properties, materials exhibiting hypsochromic mechanofluorochromism (MFC) or force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity have demonstrated remarkable application potential in the field of information security. This study designed and synthesized two novel fluorene-based dinuclear gold(I) complexes, <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong>. Both molecules exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Specifically, complex <strong>1</strong> showed reversible hypsochromic MFC. In contrast, complex <strong>2</strong> exhibited force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity. It is worth noting that <strong>2</strong> is the first example of gold(I)-based luminogen capable of simultaneously exhibiting AIE and force-induced substantial weakening of fluorescence intensity. Based on the force-induced significant fluorescence attenuation feature of luminogenic complex <strong>2</strong>, an interesting information anticounterfeiting system involving a pizza model was successfully established. This work not only reports the first example of AIE-active gold(I) complex featuring anisotropic mechanical force-induced pronounced fluorescence reduction but also provides a valuable reference for anticounterfeit applications of mechanically responsive luminogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113543
Xiaoting Feng , Xinyu Li , Tao Liu , Zixuan Wei , Huixia Xu , Yanqin Miao
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules have exhibited the large potentials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electron-donating (D) and electron-withdrawing (A) groups are employed to construct TADF molecules, which leads to completely charge-transfer (CT) singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states, weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, we adjust the electron-withdrawing ability of triazine (TRZ) via methyl substitution to design DPT, and link them with planar indolocarbazole (ICz) donors to design three TADF emitters with D-A (Ph-ICz-DPT) and A-D-A (ICz-2DPT, tICz-2DPT) architectures, achieving SOC matrix element of 0.537 cm−1 and fast RISC process ( = 5.33 × 105 s−1). The devices based on Ph-ICz-DPT show a maximum external quantum efficiency () of 20.2 %, the maximum current efficiency () of 42.6 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency () of 26.9 lm/W, respectively. This work demonstrates that subtle chemical modifications can significantly enhance TADF emitter performance.
{"title":"Thermally activated delayed fluorescence with methyl-modified triazine acceptors for efficient organic light-emitting diodes","authors":"Xiaoting Feng , Xinyu Li , Tao Liu , Zixuan Wei , Huixia Xu , Yanqin Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules have exhibited the large potentials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electron-donating (D) and electron-withdrawing (A) groups are employed to construct TADF molecules, which leads to completely charge-transfer (CT) singlet (S<sub>1</sub>) and triplet (T<sub>1</sub>) states, weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, we adjust the electron-withdrawing ability of triazine (TRZ) via methyl substitution to design DPT, and link them with planar indolocarbazole (ICz) donors to design three TADF emitters with D-A (Ph-ICz-DPT) and A-D-A (ICz-2DPT, tICz-2DPT) architectures, achieving SOC matrix element of 0.537 cm<sup>−1</sup> and fast RISC process (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 5.33 × 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The devices based on Ph-ICz-DPT show a maximum external quantum efficiency (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>Q</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mi>max</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of 20.2 %, the maximum current efficiency (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mi>max</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of 42.6 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mi>max</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of 26.9 lm/W, respectively. This work demonstrates that subtle chemical modifications can significantly enhance TADF emitter performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113545
Yoon-Jeong Choi , Chil Won Lee , Jang Sub Kim , Jong-Gyu Kim , Jeong-Yeol Yoo , Byung Doo Chin
Quantum dots (QDs) have attract attention in multiple fields as next-generation light-emitting materials. Achieving high photoluminescent (PL) performance remains a major challenge, such as low stability under harsh conditions for QD-based display applications. To improve their thermal and photo-stability, this work introduces a modified reverse microemulsion method for silica encapsulation and composite preparation with QDs, using a dual ligand exchange strategy with (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane (MPMDMS) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). This hydrophilic surface modification enables uniform silica shell formation through confined hydrolysis within aqueous micellar environments. The resulting silica-coated QDs (MPA-SQDs) retain narrow PL emissions and show significantly improved stability, maintaining 89 % of their PL intensity and 79 % of their PLQY after thermal aging at 120 °C, and 84 % of their PL intensity and 72 % of their PLQY after continuous UV irradiation for 7 days. These findings show an effective dual-ligand-assisted silica encapsulation method that offers enhanced environmental durability and optical stability. Due to their enhanced photothermal stability and color purity, the QD-silica composites developed in this work demonstrate strong potential as stable color conversion materials in QD-enhanced films (QDEF) and related display applications.
{"title":"Dual-ligand-assisted QD-silica composite for improved stability and color conversion in quantum dot enhancement film applications","authors":"Yoon-Jeong Choi , Chil Won Lee , Jang Sub Kim , Jong-Gyu Kim , Jeong-Yeol Yoo , Byung Doo Chin","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dots (QDs) have attract attention in multiple fields as next-generation light-emitting materials. Achieving high photoluminescent (PL) performance remains a major challenge, such as low stability under harsh conditions for QD-based display applications. To improve their thermal and photo-stability, this work introduces a modified reverse microemulsion method for silica encapsulation and composite preparation with QDs, using a dual ligand exchange strategy with (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane (MPMDMS) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). This hydrophilic surface modification enables uniform silica shell formation through confined hydrolysis within aqueous micellar environments. The resulting silica-coated QDs (MPA-SQDs) retain narrow PL emissions and show significantly improved stability, maintaining 89 % of their PL intensity and 79 % of their PLQY after thermal aging at 120 °C, and 84 % of their PL intensity and 72 % of their PLQY after continuous UV irradiation for 7 days. These findings show an effective dual-ligand-assisted silica encapsulation method that offers enhanced environmental durability and optical stability. Due to their enhanced photothermal stability and color purity, the QD-silica composites developed in this work demonstrate strong potential as stable color conversion materials in QD-enhanced films (QDEF) and related display applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 113545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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